Journal articles: 'Private companies – Germany, West'

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Mayer-Ahuja, Nicole. "Three Worlds of Cleaning: Women's Experiences of Precarious Labor in the Public Sector, Cleaning Companies and Private Households of West Germany, 1973-1998." Journal of Women's History 16, no. 2 (2004): 116–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2004.0039.

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Kucher, Andreas B., and Matthias Meitner. "Private Equity for Distressed Companies in Germany." Journal of Private Equity 8, no. 1 (2004): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpe.2004.450952.

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Oehler, Andreas, Tim A. Herberger, Matthias Horn, and Henrik Schalkowski. "IPOs, the level of private equity engagement and stock performance matters: Empirical evidence from Germany." Corporate Ownership and Control 15, no. 1 (2017): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i1art7.

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Research on IPOs commonly focuses on the relation between firms’ pre IPO ownership structure and subsequent stock performance. We extend the literature by additionally focusing on companies’ post IPO ownership structure, in particular, private equity capital engagement, to analyse IPOs stock performance matters. For this purpose, we employ a unique dataset on German IPOs from 2004 to 2014 that allows us to identify companies’ ownership structures before and after the IPO. We compute stocks’ market-adjusted returns and information ratios for the first 200 trading days to answer two research questions. First, do stocks of companies that were (partially) owned by private equity investors prior the IPO show a different performance after the IPO than stocks of companies without prior investments of private equity investors? Second, does the extent of private equity investors’ involvement at the IPO (i.e. their pre and post IPO shareholdings) influence the stock performance following the IPO? We do not find evidence that stocks of companies, which had private equity investors as shareholders prior to the IPO, outperform stocks of companies without private equity investors per se. However, for the subsample of companies that had private equity investors as shareholders, we document that the stronger the private equity investors reduce their engagement the stronger is the performance of the issued stock.

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DUSTMANN, CHRISTIAN, and ARTHUR SOEST. "Wage Structures in the Private and Public Sectors in West Germany." Fiscal Studies 18, no. 3 (1997): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1997.tb00262.x.

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Eierle, Brigitte, and Simone Wencki. "The determinants of capitalising development costs in private companies: evidence from Germany." Journal of Business Economics 86, no. 3 (2015): 259–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11573-015-0778-0.

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Wackerbauer, Johann. "Regulation and Privatisation of the Public Water Supply in England, France and Germany." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 8, no. 2 (2007): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/178359170700800201.

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Faced with liberalisation proposals and an increasing internationalisation of water resource management, the question arises as to how a change of the regulatory framework in Germany would affect the market structure and the supply conditions in this area. The water supply companies in Germany have invested ca. €2.5 billion annually to achieve a high technical standard, which has resulted in high cost increases and price hikes. It is thus presumed that there is a high rationalisation potential for the municipal water suppliers. The questions of economic efficiency and the participation of private providers in the water supply have increasingly gained importance. A liberalisation of the water supply can take place in different ways; the concrete basic features depend on what regulations the market for drinking water is or should be subject to and in what way and to what extent the private sector is involved into the organisation of water supply. In the EU-15, the only country where the provision of operational services in the water supply has been totally passed to the private sector is the United Kingdom, but this is only true for England and Wales. Another singular case is France, where there is a mix of mainly private operating companies and municipalities which have divided the regional supply areas among themselves. In six other EU-15 countries where some privatisation took place, either the municipalities or (majority) publicly owned companies are controlling water supply. In the remaining seven countries, the water supply is organised by municipality companies only. In this paper the two unique forms of privatisation in France and England/Wales as well as the German method of privatisation as an example for the interaction of municipalities and majority publicly owned water companies are discussed, especially with regard to the corresponding effects on competition and market structures.

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Mulyati, Erna. "MULTIGROUP ANALYSIS IN SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE." Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 21, no. 2 (2020): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jbm.v21i2.466.

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This study aims to examine differences in private and government third-party logistics companies in Indonesia in terms of improving supply chain performance. In this research, supply chain performance testing is influenced by collaboration, radical innovation, and incremental innovation. The sample used is the third-party logistics industry in West Java and DKI Jakarta, totaling 100, which is divided into private third-party logistic companies and government-owned third-party logistics companies. The results showed that there are differences in the effects of collaboration. There is supply chain performance where there are differences in the influence of collaboration and radical innovation on supply chain performance between private companies and government. There is no difference in the influence of collaboration and incremental innovation on supply chain performance between private companies and the government. The findings of this study indicate that radical and incremental innovation acts as a partial mediation on the effect of collaboration on supply chain performance in private and government companies.

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Kreibich, Heidi, Meike Müller, Kai Schröter, and Annegret H. Thieken. "New insights into flood warning reception and emergency response by affected parties." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12 (2017): 2075–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2075-2017.

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Abstract. Flood damage can be mitigated if the parties at risk are reached by flood warnings and if they know how to react appropriately. To gain more knowledge about warning reception and emergency response of private households and companies, surveys were undertaken after the August 2002 and the June 2013 floods in Germany. Despite pronounced regional differences, the results show a clear overall picture: in 2002, early warnings did not work well; e.g. many households (27 %) and companies (45 %) stated that they had not received any flood warnings. Additionally, the preparedness of private households and companies was low in 2002, mainly due to a lack of flood experience. After the 2002 flood, many initiatives were launched and investments undertaken to improve flood risk management, including early warnings and an emergency response in Germany. In 2013, only a small share of the affected households (5 %) and companies (3 %) were not reached by any warnings. Additionally, private households and companies were better prepared. For instance, the share of companies which have an emergency plan in place has increased from 10 % in 2002 to 34 % in 2013. However, there is still room for improvement, which needs to be triggered mainly by effective risk and emergency communication. The challenge is to continuously maintain and advance an integrated early warning and emergency response system even without the occurrence of extreme floods.

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Bürgin, Annina, and Patricia Schneider. "Regulation of Private Maritime Security Companies in Germany and Spain: A Comparative Study." Ocean Development & International Law 46, no. 2 (2015): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2015.1024065.

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Hofert, Sebastian, and Christian Möller. "Reform of the Private Limited Company Act and codification of the private international law of companies in Germany." Law and Financial Markets Review 2, no. 5 (2008): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2008.11427991.

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Rettberg, Fritz, and Peter Witt. "Access to Government Support for Innovation — Empirical Evidence From the Ruhr Area in Germany." Journal of Enterprising Culture 29, no. 02 (2021): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495821500084.

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Governments all over the world support innovation activities in private companies with several different programs. Typical measures are R&D subsidies, consulting services, incubator facilities, opportunities for networking, and subsidized loans. From an economic perspective, public support for innovations may help to compensate for market failure. But government support encounters the risk of being neither effective nor efficient. Furthermore, the ability of a company to successfully apply for public innovation support programs depends on the amount of administrative resources it already is equipped with, i.e. its size and its existing relationships with research institutions. In this paper, we look at public support for private companies in one specific German region, the Ruhr area. We use a sample of 74 companies, all of which engage in R&D activities and have already filed patents. Our findings show that firms need a minimum company size to be able to successfully apply for public innovation support. Furthermore, we show that an existing cooperation with research institutions makes access to public support measures easier. We also find that public innovation support indeed improves the patent position of companies.

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Laurens van Der Laan, H. "Marketing West Africa's Export Crops: Modern Boards and Colonial Trading Companies." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 1 (1987): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00007576.

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The establishment of marketing boards in British West Africa in the 1940s was heralded at the time as a drastic, perhaps revolutionary change in the produce trade. The political implications were undoubtedly great: public enterprise (the marketing boards) had replaced private enterprise (a number of trading companies), and the ongoing debate on their relative merits made a colourful excursion to West Africa in the 1950s because this region offered a clear-cut case for comparison.1 The differences between the organisations were thus inevitably highlighted.

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Moir, Lindsay. "Canada West: the new homeland." Art Libraries Journal 24, no. 3 (1999): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030747220001957x.

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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, various government departments and several private companies engaged in an aggressive campaign to populate and develop western Canada. The cornerstone of this campaign was its publication programme. Over 300 pamphlets and brochures were published to advertise the ‘free’ lands of the Northwest. The advertising programme promoted rural settlement, depicting an idyllic landscape strongly reminiscent of ‘home’ and appealing to a young, male Anglo-Saxon population. While the campaign was successful in attracting immigrants, the reality was not always so idyllic and many settlers left. Despite the difficulties, others stayed and built rewarding lives in ‘Canada West: the new homeland’.

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Ermakova, E. P. "LAWSUITS AGAINST GOVERNMENTS AND PRIVATE COMPANIES OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES OVER CLIMATE PROTECTION UNDER THE PARIS AGREEMENT 2015 (UK, NETHERLANDS, GERMANY AND FRANCE)." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 49 (2020): 604–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2020-49-604-625.

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Introduction: the article analyzes claims for climate protection under the Paris Agreement 2015 considered by state courts of the UK, the Netherlands, Germany and France. It is proved that the number of legal cases, both against governments and private companies, related to protection of climate from changes is steadily increasing. Applicants rely on constitutional and human rights laws in their efforts to hold governments accountable for tackling climate change issues. Climate litigation is also influenced by new scientific discoveries and developments in the field of climate change, which allow plaintiffs to more accurately determine the environmental impact of projects, policies and laws. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the above issues appears to be of key importance. Purpose: based on the analysis of judicial precedents, scientific sources and normative acts, to form an idea of the new category of court cases in European countries – lawsuits against governments and private companies aimed at protecting the climate from changes under the Paris Agreement 2015. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; special scientific methods (legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms). Results: the conducted study showed that in Europe, over the past few years, the concept ‘protecting the climate from changes’ has shifted from the political to the legal sphere – active citizens and environmental organizations began to sue their governments and private companies based on the provisions of the Paris Agreement 2015, international documents and national legislation. In general, state courts of European countries (Germany, the Netherlands) have arrived at a conclusion that the governmental climate policy is subject to judicial review and must comply with the government’s responsibilities to protect fundamental rights in accordance with the Constitution. Conclusions: all lawsuits filed to protect the climate from changes under the Paris Agreement 2015 can be divided into two categories: a) lawsuits filed against governments; b) claims filed against private companies. Among the lawsuits filed against individual governments, the most successful has been the ‘Urgenda’, case, with the decision in this case confirmed by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands in December 2019. Claims aimed at ensuring that private companies also comply with the terms of the Paris Agreement (although not being parties to it) can be called a new type of lawsuit: most of these cases are not completed and are pending before state courts. Such lawsuits are directed against private companies that pollute atmosphere the most – Shell, Total, etc.

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Leiber, Simone, Kamil Matuszczyk, and Verena Rossow. "Private Labor Market Intermediaries in the Europeanized Live-in Care Market between Germany and Poland: A Typology." Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 65, no. 3 (2019): 365–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2019-0014.

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AbstractThis article looks at the role of private companies involved in organizing so-called live-in care arrangements between two EU member states, Germany and Poland. Due to gaps in the public long-term care system, employing livein migrant care workers in private households has become a widespread individualized solution to rising long-term care needs in Germany. Since eastern EU enlargement, private brokerage agencies placing Polish live-in migrant care workers in German households have grown considerably. Building on approaches conceptualizing the role of intermediaries in formalizing domestic work, we aim to provide a more fine-grained typology of private brokerage agencies, taking into account not only the legal environment and structural features of these private enterprises, but also their strategic positioning under conditions of high legal uncertainty in the EU multi-level governance system. By analyzing corporate as well as political strategies of these intermediaries, we distinguish three different agency types we call pioneers, minimum effort players and followers.

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Collier, Ute. "Local Energy Concepts in Germany – An Environmental Alternative to Liberalisation?" Energy & Environment 5, no. 4 (1994): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500402.

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Liberalisation in the energy sector continues as a dominant theme in the European Union in the 1990s but little attention is being given to its potential environmental implications. However, issues of regulation, structure, ownership and scale of operation are crucial determinants in the environmental performance of the energy sector. This paper examines the situation in Germany where, as both federal energy policy measures and activities of the large energy companies have given limited attention to environmental matters, an increasing number of local councils and municipally owned energy companies have been adopting so-called local energy concepts with environmental concerns as a main driving force. It is shown that while countries like the UK struggle to induce their privatised energy companies into environmental activities, local public companies in Germany are at the forefront of implementing more environmentally benign energy systems. It is argued that, at a time when many decision-makers are preoccupied with promoting greater competition and private ownership, the benefits of local public ownership and decentralised planning in at lease part of the energy sector may be overlooked. If the political priorities at the local level are skewed in favour of the environment, local, integrated energy plans, implemented by public utilities, can reap substantial environmental benefits.

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Hutton, S. P. "Education and Deployment of Mechanical Engineers in Japan and Europe." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Management and engineering manufacture 200, no. 2 (1986): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_057_02.

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Based on visits to companies and universities a survey is made of the education and deployment of mechanical engineers in Japan. The results are compared with related surveys made by the author in West Germany and the United Kingdom.

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Wessner, Charles W. "How Does Germany Do It?" Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 11 (2013): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-nov-3.

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This article focuses on the economic share of manufacturing industry in Germany and the role of Fraunhofer–Gesellschaft in maintaining the same. A principal factor in the manufacturing success of German small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) is the Fraunhofer–Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer Society), an independent non-governmental organization that provides high-quality, short-term, affordable applied research that small- and medium-sized firms could not otherwise afford. Fraunhofer's model is a classic government–industry partnership. The federal and state governments, private contract research, and publicly funded contract research each provide roughly one-third of its funding. Germany's government has long supported the application of technology to manufacturing. Its ongoing support for large-scale practical industrial research for small and large companies has helped keep factories and jobs in Germany. There is a need to focus more resources on applied research to harvest the benefits of the investments the nation already makes in basic technology.

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Belizón, María Jesús. "Employee voice in Spanish subsidiaries of multinational firms." European Journal of Industrial Relations 25, no. 1 (2018): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680118776076.

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Employee voice in multinational companies has been mainly studied in voluntarist, Anglophone industrial relations systems, and much less in other European countries. This article examines employee voice in foreign-owned multinational companies operating in Spain, using a sample of over 240 companies. It identifies the determinant factors in employee voice at macro and micro levels. The findings are interpreted in a comparative perspective, considering those approaches predominantly used in Anglophone and other west European countries, such as France and Germany.

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Tassava, Christopher James. "Multiples of Six: The Six Companies and West Coast Industrialization, 1930–1945." Enterprise & Society 4, no. 1 (2003): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146722270001243x.

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In this article I explore the protean organizational forms used by the Kaiser and Bechtel construction companies between 1930 and 1950. Kaiser and Bechtel prospered during the Depression and World War II because, as members of the Six Companies consortium of construction firms, they refused to adopt a “best practice” model of corporate organization drawn from the diversified manufacturing and distribution sectors. Instead, Kaiser and Bechtel used a variety of organizational forms to win numerous government contracts for public works and defense production, transforming themselves from small regional firms into substantial national and global corporations. I contribute to modern academic debate over the historical forms of business enterprise and the conjunction of state consumption and private production.

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Bartels, Andreas, and Pablo Weiss. "Performance effects of privatisation: an empirical analysis of telecommunication companies in Germany and Romania." HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration 10, no. 2 (2019): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2019-0012.

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Abstract The privatisation of state-owned companies is still on the agenda of many governments worldwide. One often stated goal in the privatisation process is the increase of efficiency of the company. The question is which factors do lead to an increase in efficiency and performance of a privatised company. Where are the fundamental differences between public and private companies in this respect? One goal of this paper is also to determine if other or additional variables influence the efficiency of privatised companies in transitional countries - in contrast to developed economies. Based on the research literature, a model was developed that displays all major forces and effects in the privatisation process. Two case studies of telecommunications companies in Germany and Romania are utilised to verify the model. It is expected that privatisation will lead to an increase of efficiency, but that the main thrust derives from competition. Regulation and organisational change will typically also increase the efficiency of the company. The variables “laws and policies” and “economic condition” are of special importance for privatisations in transition economies.

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Bloom, N. D. "Trams or Tailfins? Public and Private Prosperity in Postwar West Germany and the United States." Journal of American History 100, no. 3 (2013): 899–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jat395.

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Ekberg, Espen. "Trams or tailfins? Public and private prosperity in postwar West Germany and the United States." Business History 57, no. 6 (2015): 950–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1031324.

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Buckley, James Michael. "Trams or Tailfins: public and private prosperity in postwar West Germany and the United States." Planning Perspectives 28, no. 4 (2013): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2013.828469.

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Rieger, B. "Trams or Tailfins? Public and Private Prosperity in Postwar West Germany and the United States." German History 32, no. 4 (2014): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghu073.

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King, Annette, and Prue Chamberlayne. "Comparing the Informal Sphere: Public and Private Relations of Welfare in East and West Germany." Sociology 30, no. 4 (1996): 741–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038596030004007.

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Swett, Pamela E. "Trams or Tailfins? Public and Private Prosperity in Postwar West Germany and the United States." Social History 38, no. 4 (2013): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2013.842780.

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Blinn, Nadine, Mirko Kuhne, and Markus Nuttgens. "Are public and private health insurance companies going Web 2.0? A complete inventory count in Germany." International Journal of Healthcare Technology and Management 12, no. 1 (2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhtm.2011.037218.

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Bracke, Roeland, and Johan Albrecht. "Competing Environmental Management Standards: How ISO 14001 Outnumbered EMAS in Germany, the UK, France, and Sweden." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 4 (2007): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0602j.

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In the middle of the 1990s two international environmental management standards became available for European companies: the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 14001. Companies that wanted to implement a standardized environmental management system were confronted with the choice between their national standard, the European standard, or the international one. In the past decennium, the national standards have been abolished and the number of ISO 14001 certified companies has outnumbered the number of EMAS-registered organizations. The speed at which and the extent to which ISO 14001 has outnumbered EMAS differs, however, between countries in the EU-15. We argue that a country classification based on the degree of statism of the collective agency on the one hand, and the degree of corporatism of society's organization on the other, offers a valuable perspective for analyzing the evolution of the uptake of both standards in a country. We present the cases of Germany, the UK, France, and Sweden, and conclude that in countries characterized by a more societal organization of authority, private alternatives for national regulations like ISO 14001 are welcomed and adopted with enthusiasm. In countries characterized by a rather statist organization, such alternatives are looked upon with more suspicion resulting in delayed uptake. Whereas ISO 14001 is a purely private initiative, voluntary registration to the EMAS regulation creates a link between the company and the authorities. In contrast to corporatist settings, this frightens off business participation in associational countries.

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Funke, Michael, and Holger Strulik. "Growth and Convergence in a Two-Region Model of Unified Germany." German Economic Review 1, no. 3 (2000): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00018.

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Abstract The paper sets up a two-region endogenous growth model to discuss growth and regional convergence of unified Germany. It emphasizes the role of private and public capital accumulation during the developing process. The theoretical part derives fiscal policy rules which establish convergence of regional output per capita and convergence of regional human wealth. To assess the speed of convergence the model is calibrated with German data. Given a fiscal policy rule that is consistent with the data on government spending in East and West Germany after unification the model suggests that East Germany will reach 80 per cent of West Germany's income per capita between 20 and 30 years after unification and that actual transfers are approximately sufficient to equalize regional human wealth. The results are compared with an extension of the model that includes wage-setting behaviour and unemployment in the eastern region.

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Grabowski, Artur. "Activity of German sports (football) enterprises and Corporate Social Responsibility." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 7 (2018): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.7.12.

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At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, a new economic doctrine called ordoliberalism was born in Germany. The foundations of this doctrine were values such as responsibility, solidarity, justice, and freedom. Classics of ordoliberalism formulated a number of recommendations and requirements for businesses in their writings. One of them was the public responsibility, which had the private-economic and socio-economic nature. In Germany sports’ (football) enterprises functioning in the form of companies and associations are participants in the sports-economic competition in the two professional leagues (1.Bundesliga and 2.Bundesliga). At the same time sports enterprises pursue different aims: among the economic goals, there are also the social goals. In the structures of sports enterprises, there are several departments dealing with CSR and implementation of partnership projects. The article concludes that 1) the constitutive elements of ordoliberalism had an influence on the functioning of sports (football) enterprises in Germany, 2) the projects realized under the social responsibility rule that were undertaken by sports companies were strongly related to sports education, environmental protection, and social exclusion.

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Schumacher, Jürgen, and Karin Stiehr. "Market-oriented local employment initiatives in Germany." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 4, no. 3 (1998): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425899800400310.

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This paper concerns local employment initiatives in Germany. Particular attention is devoted to the "market orientation" of these initiatives. The concept of market orientation refers on the one hand to the way in which public funding of a subsidised labour market scheme can be topped up by the sale of goods and services and, on the other, to the conversion of local employment initiatives into normal companies following a period of public funding. Since the contexts surrounding local employment initiatives in east and west Germany are very different, developments in the two parts of Germany are portrayed separately. Some provisions of the Employment Promotion Act are cited, and the difficult circumstances under which market-oriented employment initiatives have to operate are described. One promotion scheme, the "Social Enterprises" of Lower Saxony, is presented to exemplify market-oriented local employment initiatives.

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Shevtsova, Maria. "Political Theatre in Europe: East to West, 2007–2014." New Theatre Quarterly 32, no. 2 (2016): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x1600004x.

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What political theatre may be in contemporary times and in what sense it is ‘political’ are the core issues of this article. Maria Shevtsova discusses examples from within a restricted period, 2007 to 2014, but from a wide area that begins in Eastern Europe – Russia, Romania, Hungary, Poland – and moves to Germany and France. Her examples are principally productions by established ensemble theatre companies and her analysis is framed by a brief discussion concerning independent theatres, ‘counter-cultural’ positions, and institutional and institutionalized theatres. This latter group is in focus to indicate how political theatre in the seven years specified has been far from alien to, or sidelined from, national theatres, state theatres, or other prestigious companies in receipt of state subsidy. Two main profiles of recent political theatre emerge from this research, one that acknowledges political history, while the other critiques neoliberal capitalism; there is some unpronounced overlap between the two. Productions of Shakespeare feature significantly in the delineated theatrescape. Maria Shevtsova is co-editor of New Theatre Quarterly and Professor of Drama and Theatre Arts at Goldsmiths, University of London. Her most recent book (co-authored) is The Cambridge Introduction to Theatre Directing (2013).

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Gado, N. D., and T. M. Nmadu. "The Performance of Textile Companies in the North West Zone of Nigeria: the Role of Infrastructure as a Resource." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, no. 1 (2012): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i1.1259.

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Abstract Textile companies in Nigeria have complained of stifling competition against the backdrop of challenges of declining endogenous and exogenous resources. Using electricity and capacity utilization as proxies, we show that electricity supply is a significant determinant of performance. We recommend, among others, that Public electricity supply to the textile companies should be taken as a state of emergency to ensure that there is uninterrupted power supply. Government at various levels should embark on intensive advocacy for Nigerians to develop a culture of using locally made goods while leading by example. Opinion molding should be employed both in the public and private sectors.

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Kirkcaldy, Bruce, Lars-Eric Petersen, and Gundula Hübner. "Managing the Stress of Bringing the Economy in the Eastern German States to the Level of the Western German States." European Psychologist 7, no. 1 (2002): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.7.1.53.

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A select group of managers in the private and public sector working in the new and old German federal states were administered the German version of the Pressure Management Indicator (PMI; Williams, Kirkcaldy, & Cooper, 1999 ). Twenty-four scale scores were assessed encompassing diverse aspects of occupational stress, individual differences (type A, locus of control, and coping), and outcome variables (work satisfaction, physical and psychological health). Several differences were observed between those managers reared and educated in the former East Germany and those from the former West Germany. East-German managers, for example, were characterized by an external locus of control with regard to their jobs and revealed higher type A scores compared to their West-German counterparts. Furthermore, although there were no differences in the evaluation of working climate nor in subjectively perceived occupational stress, specific outcome variables such as self-reported physical and psychological health did differ between West- and East-German managers. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Husni, H. Lalu, and Any Suryani Hamzah. "The Implementation of Outsourcing System in Industrial Relation after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 27/PUU-IX/2011 in West Nusa Tenggara." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (2017): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n3p109.

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Abstract The present study is an empirical legal research which was conducted at the companies in West Nusa Tenggara. The data were obtained through legal reasoning which is logical, systematic and coherent and were analyzed using descriptive-analytic. Based on the analysis, the result showed that the implementation of outsourcing system in industrial relation after the Constitutional Court decision No. 27/PPU-IX/2011 on private companies in West Nusa Tenggara has not been done properly. The companies which became object of the study have understood that after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 27/PPUIX/ 2011, labor contract on outsourcing system has changed from PKWT (perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu/ labor contract for specific time) to PKWTT (perjanjian kerja waktu tidak tertentu/ labor contract for an unspecified time). In other words, the principle of labor protective measure transfer at companies might happen in case the company implements PKWT. However, the Constitutional Court Decision No. 27/PUU/-IX/2011 which changed PKWT into PKWTT collides with Article 59 of Act No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower.

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Choudhuri, ParthaSarathi. "USAGE PATTERN OF THE PRIVATE LIFE INSURANCE CUSTOMERS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 1 (2016): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i1.2016.2868.

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Due to the effect of the several factors of the globalization, customers’ socio-economic culture has already been changed and customers become very much conscious about their needs and requirements in the present society. Over time the usage pattern of the customers with their service providers in their daily life varies culture wise, nation wise, sector wise as well as industry wise and this one is no exception in the life insurance sector. Considering all the private life insurance companies operating their business in Burdwan district, West Bengal, researcher in the present perspective conducted a study on the usage pattern of the private life insurance customers at here. In this study, 661 usable responses of the private life insurance customers were considered as the sample size. The statistical package SPSS 16 was also used to perform the analyses.

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Meier, Albert. "Wir sind Halbierte. Die Entdeckung der DDR in der westdeutschen Literatur vor 1989." Studia Germanica Posnaniensia, no. 37 (April 15, 2017): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sgp.2016.37.16.

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West German literature has turned its back to the existence of the second German state until the 1980s. Only a few years before the fall of the Berlin wall, three writers started to make the GDR a subject of narration or poetry: Botho Strauß, Peter Schneider and Martin Walser. In different ways, yet unanimously, they complain about the division of Germany dealing with its impact on everyday life and private feelings.

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Allen, Keith R. "Directing Foreign Investments to Eastern Germany: Swiss Engagements after (and before) 1989." Central European History 53, no. 1 (2020): 168–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938919000992.

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AbstractThis contribution explains how a specific constellation of Swiss consulting experts, financial advisors, and diplomats became involved in the economic restructuring of eastern Germany after November 1989. Swiss engagements reveal that capital did not merely “flow” across unifying Germany's borders, as economists’ definitions of foreign direct investment suggest. Rather, facilitators within and especially beyond Germany actively promoted investments. Business involving foreigners was often grounded in socialist-era trade activities that united profit seekers from East and West Germany, Switzerland, and other nations. As foreign engagements in unifying Germany's economy illustrate, mediators mattered. Pasts persisted. Debt and investment were intertwined. The course of public divesture and state-sponsored private investment in post-Wall Germany suggests future scholars pay closer attention to individuals and entities engaged in exchanging market information, not so much within individual nations as between them.

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Nassè, Dr Théophile Bindeouè, Prof Alidou Ouédraogo, Dr Stéphane Aimé Metchebon Takougang, and Eric Zidouemba. "EQUITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN RELATION TO PRODUCT QUALITY: AN EVIDENCE FROM THREE PRIVATE COMPANIES IN BURKINA FASO." International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 2, no. 5 (2020): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v2i5.172.

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Previous studies in the context of Burkina Faso have shown the link betweenequity and customer relationship management. The purpose of the present study is to show the relationship between equity and customer satisfaction in relation to product quality. Equity and ethical practices in marketing are essential to competition and to the sustainable development of companies particularly in the West African Context. This research focuses on the contributionsoffair business practices from business to customers in term of customer satisfaction in relation to product quality. Data collection is performed with a questionnaire addressed to customers of two Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) andone Very Small Enterprise (VSEs) in BurkinaFaso. The quantitative datais processed using two different softwareSPSS and Sphinx IQ. The results show that in the three private companies there is a strong relationship between equity and customer satisfaction in relation to quality.The recommendation is that equity and fair practices should be observed for a better management system of companies and for a maximum satisfaction of customers.

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SALIKHOVA, Olena, and Daria HONCHARENKO. "DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN GERMANY: LESSONS FOR UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2020, no. 10 (2020): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2020.10.063.

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The evolution of the development of the German chemical and pharmaceutical industry from technology borrowing to endogenous innovations and becoming a global leader is shown. It is substantiated that the government of the country promoted the development of a new industry by increasing budget allocations for the training of scientific and industrial personnel; research subsidies; subsidies for transportation and raw materials. It is shown that the formation of large companies has provided economies of scale and accelerated development. The creation of specialized research institutes under the auspices of the government initiated public-private partnerships in research funding, industry associations helped mobilize the public to support the industry, and competent company managers and industry representatives together with prominent statesmen provided concerted action to strengthen its innovation potential. Cultivating the national consciousness that the purchase of German goods is the key to the welfare of the state has determined consumer preferences and has become a powerful stimulus to expand supplies to the domestic market. The introduction of high customs tariffs on finished medicines has provided protection for the new industry in its infancy. The close cooperation of banks with pharmaceutical companies has contributed to the implementation of investment and innovation projects and external expansion. The creation of cartels by chemical and pharmaceutical companies was an institutional response to the unprecedented phenomenon of industrialization and catching up in Germany. It is revealed that at the present stage the Government of Germany through national and regional programs continues to promote the development of technological and innovative potential of pharmaceuticals. The expediency of introduction of mechanisms of endogenization of production development of medicines and medical devices in Ukraine, and also expansion of sales in the domestic market through introduction of preferences at public purchases in the context of protection of essential interests of safety and health of the nation is proved.

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Sammartino, A. "JAN L. LOGEMANN. Trams or Tailfins? Public and Private Prosperity in Postwar West Germany and the United States." American Historical Review 118, no. 4 (2013): 1155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/118.4.1155a.

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이화행. "A Study on the Current Status of School NIE in Germany: Focused on projects of private media education companies." Journal of Political Communication ll, no. 49 (2018): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.35731/kpca.2018..49.004.

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Földi, Norbert. "Analysis of the Volume and Provenance of Direct Foreign Investments in the West Region for Development in Romania, with a Focus on German Direct Investments." Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business 12, no. 2 (2019): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tjeb-2019-0009.

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Abstract This article is a multicriterial analysis of foreign direct investments in the West Region of Development of Romania, with a focus on German direct investments, taking into account the 4 component counties of Western Development Region: Arad, Caras-Severin, Hunedoara and Timis. The analysis investigates 2 reference years, 2010 and 2016, with statistical data retrieved from the National Trade Register Office, the National Commission for Strategy and Prognosis and www.listafirme.ro, to which are added the author’s own calculations. Conclusions are drawn for each of the considered criteria. For the German industry, Romania has affirmed itself in the last few years as being a direct investment market with a high strategic growth potential. Germany has become, both in exports and imports, one of Romania’s most important business partners. The business relationships between the companies which play an important role in the economic system of the two countries represent a useful tool for the developments of the Romanian-German trade flows. In the case of direct foreign investments, the enterprises show a consolidated presence in several regions of Romania. German investors have shown an increased interest for Romania especially since the end of the 90s of the last millenium. Internationally renowned companies from Germany, such as: Continental, Bosch, Daimler, INA Schaeffler and Kaufland have extended their production activity areas in Romania. The West Region of Development of Romania progressed in a special manner because it is a region with a great desire to collaborate with Germany both geographically, as well as cultural-historically.

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McGaughey, Ewan. "Otto von Gierke: The Social Role of Private Law." German Law Journal 19, no. 4 (2018): 1017–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220002294x.

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Otto von Gierke wroteThe Social Role of Private Law (Die soziale Aufgabe des Privatrechts)in an age of extraordinary belief in progress and pride. In 1889, the Eiffel Tower was inaugurated, Britain's Royal Navy was required by law to outdo its next two rivals combined, and Germany was forging a massive new Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch). Within a year, Kaiser Wilhelm II had dismissed Otto von Bismarck: The old Iron Chancellor, who had unified a ‘Second’ Reich but no longer moved fast enough to secure a “place in the sun.” Ages of great confidence often see codes of law: Justinian'sCorpus Juris Civilisin a reunited West and Eastern Rome; theCode Civilof the Napoleonic Empire; the Penal, Contract or Trust Acts from 1860 to 1882 across the British Empire; and the US Code of 1926. A desire for legal certainty sometimes drives reform, but rarely as much a desire to display superiority. The flicker of history must be made to seem timeless, like laws seem in printed word.

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Firdaus Zamri, Syahmi, Ahmad Faizal Ahmad Fuad, and Mohd Hafizi Said. "Factors Related to Operational of Marina in West Coast Malaysia." PROSIDING POLITEKNIK ILMU PELAYARAN MAKASSAR 1, no. 4 (2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.48192/prc.v1i4.323.

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Marina is a mooring facility or port located on a body of water that provides service for a small boat and yacht. The marinas in Malaysia are managed by private companies and few by Marine Department Malaysia. There are successful marinas in Malaysia. However, some marinas failed. This study aims to identify the factors to establish a successful marina and to identify factors that certain marina is less performed or failed. To identify the factors, the literature review and survey is performed to marina operators in Malaysia. The method used to analyse the data was the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results showed that the identified factor are the location, services, and facility are the most important to establish the marina. The factor has a relationship with others, and the high possibility factor should be taken to establish a marina.

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Szobi, Pavel. "Lizenz- und Gestattungsproduktion westdeutscher Unternehmen in der ČSSR und der DDR." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 58, no. 2 (2017): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2017-0017.

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Abstract The article deals with economic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic and Czechoslovakia during the Cold War. Using the example of licensed production, its aim is to illustrate that in spite of ideological boundaries, business relations between West and East flourished in the period of the 1970s and 1980s. The author characterizes institutional conditions for this cooperation, names individual cooperation attempts, and uses the example of the well-known German brand Nivea as a symbol of the West and an example of a successful cooperation. The article reveals the intensive activities of West German companies and their investments in the GDR and Czechoslovakia long before 1989 and shows the potential of analyzing the German-German and the European transformation after 1989 more under the perspective of continuities and discontinuities.

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Clyne, Michael, and Martin J. Ball. "English as a lingua franca in Australia especially in industry." Cross-Cultural Communication in the Professions in Australia 7 (January 1, 1990): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.7.01cly.

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This paper reports on a project examining the use of English between speakers of differing non-English speaking backgrounds in an industrial context. This is the most multilingual sphere of Australian life, and at the same time the one in which non-English speakers are most likely to use English. Five workplaces have been selected reflecting a diversity of industry type: automotive, electronics, textiles and health; location in Melbourne: north, west, east and south-east; and three of the workplaces are subsidiaries of multi-national companies from the United States, Japan, and West Germany respectively. Data collected to date has highlighted problems pertaining to: levels of directness, cultural expectations of context; turn-taking and discourse sequencing.

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Vos, Els De. "Trams or Tailfins? Public and Private Prosperity in Postwar West Germany and the United States by Jan L. Logemann." Technology and Culture 56, no. 1 (2015): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2015.0008.

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Leibold, Stefan. "Il welfare tedesco: un compromesso confessionale?" SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 3 (January 2013): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2012-003004.

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From the end of the 19th century to the present, six political regimes followed one another in Germany: from the monarchy to the Weimar Republic, the national socialist dictatorship, the occupation by the allies after the Second World War, East Germany under Soviet influence, the new established capitalist West Germany and the reunified Germany (the "Berlin Republic" after 1990). Nevertheless, surprisingly enough, the structure of the German welfare state has shown a steady continuity over such a long span of time: Germany is a very prominent example of "path dependency" in matter of welfare state. This direction is characterized by a corporative stance in social policy and it involves economic associations, Unions, private welfare organizations and mainstream Churches as leading actors of this process. The article discusses whether or not the influence of religion is a cause for the distinct features of the German welfare state. It briefly draws on current analysis and a research project in Münster (Germany); it investigates the historical and ideological roots of the typical German welfare model, and the role religion played in that respect. Finally, it focuses upon the German welfare-state model from 1945 to the present.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Private companies – Germany, West'

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