Academic literature on the topic 'Private military and security companies'

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Journal articles on the topic "Private military and security companies"

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Nebolsina, Maria A. "Private Military and Security Companies." Russia in Global Affairs 17, no. 2 (2019): 76–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2019-17-2-76-106.

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Baker, Deane-Peter, and Sabelo Gumedze. "Private military/security companies and human security in Africa." African Security Review 16, no. 4 (December 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2007.9627440.

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Wither, James K. "European Security and Private Military Companies: The Prospects for Privatized ‘Battlegroups’." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 04, no. 2 (2005): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.04.2.14.

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Saifullin, E. "Private military and security companies and international law." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2018): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2018-2-51-63.

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Malamud, Marina. "Private Military and Security Companies in UN Missions." Peace Review 26, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2014.972275.

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Spearin, Christopher. "NATO, Russia and Private Military and Security Companies." RUSI Journal 163, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1494676.

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Fahn, Matthias, and Tahmina Hadjer. "Optimal contracting with private military and security companies." European Journal of Political Economy 37 (March 2015): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.10.004.

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Skuratova, A. Yu, and E. E. Korolkova. "Private military and security companies in international law." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2020-4-81-94.

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INTRODUCTION. The article analyses the sources of international law, national legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as that of certain foreign States regulating the operation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflict. The article highlights the out-comes of the work of the UN Special Rapporteurs and Working Groups to study the activity of PMSCs and the impact it had on the observance of human rights. The authors further analyze the status of PMSC personnel under international humanitarian law. The article also looks at the positions expressed by the delegations of Member States during the discussion of the 2010 Draft Convention on Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and provides recommendations for developing an appropriate international regulatory framework. The authors also examined State practice of the implementation of the The Montreux Document on Pertinent International Legal Obligations and Good Practices for Statesт Related to Operations of Private Military and Security Companies During Armed Conflict related to the operation of private military and security companies during armed conflict.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article contains an analysis of the main sources of international law, the documents drafted by the United Nations International Law Commission, special rapporteurs and working groups on the matter, and State practice. It also addresses Russian and foreign legal scholarship. From a methodological perspective, this study relied on the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systemic approach) and private legal methods of knowledge (formal-legal, comparative legal studies).RESEARCH RESULTS. Based on the study, it is argued that an international treaty should be adopted to regulate the activities of PMSCs, which would establish mechanisms to monitor and hold PMSCs and their employees legally accountable.
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Singh Gautam, Vijaya, and Vijay Mishra. "Revisiting the Legal Framework for Private Military and Security Contractors: Maritime Perspective." Groningen Journal of International Law 8, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.8.1.166-182.

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The paper aims to analyse legal lacunas and suggest possible solutions for the acts and wrongdoings of Private Military and Security Companies within the lens of maritime activities. The paper has been divided into three parts. Part I deals with the necessity and role of Private Military and Security Companies in the present times. Part II discusses the legal status of Private Military and Security Companies and ways of ensuring responsibility for their acts. Part III examines the legal framework for the acts of Private Maritime Security Companies. An assessment of the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL), state responsibility, applicability of the Montreux document and efforts such as GUARDCON have been discussed to highlight the inadequacy of the laws on Private Maritime Security Companies. There has been an upsurge in the employment of Private Maritime Security Companies since 2008 to cope with a myriad of problems at sea including piracy and robbery. However, an umbrella of rules including employment procedures, agreements, training techniques, responsibility in peacetime as well as in times of conflict and the guidelines of IHL must be restructured or enhanced in order to be made applicable to Private Maritime Security Companies.
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Zedeck, Rachel. "Private military/security companies, human security, and state building in Africa." African Security Review 16, no. 4 (December 2007): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2007.9627449.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Private military and security companies"

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Dumlupinar, Nihat. "Regulation of private military companies in Iraq." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDumlupinar.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bruneau, Thomas ; Ear, Sophal. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Private military companies, Private security companies, Civil-military relations, Regulation of private military companies, Contractors. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100). Also available in print.
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Halvarsson, Niklas. "Privatisering av svensk säkerhet : Vilka faktorer driver expansionen av privata säkerhetsföretag?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1431.

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Sedan kalla krigets slut har en ny typ av aktör dykt upp i internationella konflikter och krig världen över. Denna aktör är privata företag som i dagsläget erbjuder allt från supplementär logistik till att helt ersätta nationella arméer. Utgångspunkten i denna uppsats är att ta reda på vilka faktorer som har skapat en marknad för dessa företag generellt, samt vilka av dessa faktorer som kan förklara framväxten i Sverige specifikt. I uppsatsen undersöks befintlig forskning kring vad som drivit utvecklingen. Därefter kommer befintlig teori att prövas som förklaringsmodell för expansionen i Sverige. Den befintliga teorin som prövats på Sverige består av sju faktorer beskrivandes politiska och samhälleliga förutsättningar vilka förklarar expansionen. Av dessa återfinns samtliga i Sverige, men genom en analys av deras respektive giltighet i svensk kontext uppstår en mer nyanserad bild, där endast fyra av faktorerna är relevanta som förklaringar. Dessa är en transformation av försvarets fokus och organisation, en politisk trend av privatisering samt ett överflöd av militärt utbildad personal utan sysselsättning. Av dessa är den förstnämnda den starkaste katalysatorn medan den sistnämnda endast i viss mån påverkar den redan pågående expansionen.
Since the end of the Cold War a new phenomenon has shown in international conflict and war, worldwide. This phenomenon is the private companies nowadays offering supplementary logistics, armed troops to the front and everything in between. This essay aims to identify which factors that have contributed to the creating of a market for these companies in general, and which of these that can explain the growth of Swedish companies in particular. In the essay previous research on the topic of privatization of security are examined and thereafter applied onSwedenin order to examine to what extent it can be used to explain the changes inSweden. The existent theory applied onSwedenconsists of seven factors, describing political and social basis, which explain the expansion. All of these are found in Sweden, however, through a further analysis of their individual relevance, a more nuanced result can be seen, whereas only four out of seven are relevant as explanations. These are a transformation in defence focus and organization, a political trend of privatization and a flood of trained unemployed military personnel. The first one of these is the strongest catalyst for expansion while the latter only to a certain degree reinforces the already ongoing process.
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Ralby, Ian McDowell. "Private military and security companies in the uncharted spaces of the law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252261.

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Tsiftzis, Zafeiris. "Private military and security companies : options for regulation under human rights law." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2017. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/1768/.

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In the aftermath of the Cold war, new actors began to carry out a wide range of tasks with regard to the use of force. For instance, States relied on private business entities to perform military and security services which before had been performed by national armed forces. PMSCs are requested by governments, international organizations and NGOs or other corporations to provide with land-based or maritime military and/or security services that traditionally belonged to States. These services usually include the armed guarding and the protection of persons and objects, the maintenance and operation of weapons system, intelligence and technical assistance, prisoner detention and interrogation of suspects and transport, advice of and/or training of local forces/security personnel, and –in some cases- the direct participation in hostilities. Consequently, the engagement of PMSCs with several and different tasks and the transnational nature of their operations increase concerns about the effectiveness of their regulation, both at international and national levels. However, some questions concerning their responsibilities for any misconduct committed by them are raised. Most actually, PMSCs are usually being involved in violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law during their operations. However, the absence of a coherent and binding international legal framework to regulate PMSCs and oversee their activities in conjunction with the lack of national regulatory and advocacy frameworks which have jurisdiction directly over PMSCs' misconduct relieved private contractors to escape from prosecution and accountability from alleged human rights violations. Within the aforementioned context, the present thesis attempts to find out whether the PMSCs and their activities could be regulated throughout the context of human rights law. Therefore, the current thesis is divided into two main parts; the first part on the international and national efforts for regulation of PMSCs; and the second one on obligations of States to regulate PMSCs’ activities and punish the perpetrators. In particular, this thesis examines the obligations of States to regulate and monitor PMSCs’ activities with regard to the Montreux Document’s standards and it also focuses on the need of the adoption of a new coherent international regulatory regime which is going to demonstrate precisely the obligations and responsibilities of States, international organisations and PMSCs for land-based and maritime-based activities. Moreover, it presents and analyses the national regulatory mechanisms for punishment and prosecution of PMSCs’ employees for human rights violations. By using examines different national legislative frameworks, the present thesis considers that the absence of an international framework to punish private contractors for human rights violations allows for non-compliance with human rights law. Furthermore, the application of human rights law on the regulation of PMSCs’ activities constitutes an important part of the present research. So as, it examines the States’ human rights obligations to regulate PMSCs’ activities and demonstrates the States’ efforts to fulfill their obligations under human rights law regarding the regulation of PMSCs’ and their employees’ activities. In conclusion, the present thesis goes one step further. It explores whether the human rights judiciary bodies, and particular the ECtHR have the jurisdiction to adjudicate PMSCs’ employees for human rights abuses.
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MARICONDA, CLAUDIA GABRIELLA. "HUMAN RIGHTS AND LABOUR RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES. PERSPECTIVES ON PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11127.

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Lo studio si inserisce nel dibattito sul potere delle multinazionali e il rispetto dei diritti umani fondamentali e approfondisce i concetti di responsabilità sociale delle imprese (CSR) e della loro "accountability", inquadrando l'analisi nel contesto più ampio degli investimenti esteri diretti (FDI), con i relativi aspetti economici, tecnologici e sociali, nonché ambientali e politici. Si analizzano le norme internazionali in tema di rispetto dei diritti umani da parte delle aziende, ed i meccanismi legali per rendere le società "accountable", soprattutto in caso di complicità aziendali negli abusi perpetrati dagli Stati, anche attraverso la giurisprudenza dei tribunali penali internazionali e dei tribunali statunitensi. Viene data attenzione al settore della sicurezza, i.e. "Private Military and Security Companies" (PMSCs, interessato da notevole crescita negli ultimi decenni. Le PMSCs, impiegate da parte dei governi che esternalizzano una funzione tipicamente dello stato e da imprese e ONG attive in contesti difficili, hanno operato senza adeguato controllo. Le loro attività sollevano questioni su potenziali abusi dei diritti umani commessi dai propri dipendenti oltre che su violazioni dei diritti del lavoro subite dagli stessi. Le azioni ONU per portare le PMSCs fuori dalla 'zona legale grigia' in cui hanno operato vengono trattate insieme alle iniziative di autoregolamentazione.
The study, given the debate about the increasing power of corporations and the attempts to ensure their respect of fundamental human rights, deepens the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate accountability, framing the analysis within the broader discourse of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), with its economic, technological and social aspects as well as environmental and political issues. International standards in the area of corporations’ human rights obligations are analyzed in addition to legal mechanisms to hold corporations accountable, particularly for corporate complicity in human rights abuses by States, through the jurisprudence of international criminal tribunals and U.S. Courts. Special attention is given to the security sector, i.e. Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), interested in the last decades by a steady growth. PMSCs, increasingly contracted by governments willing to outsource a typical state function and by companies and NGOs active in difficult contexts, have been operating without proper supervision and accountability. PMSCs activities raise issues concerning potential human rights violations committed by their employees and labour rights abuses their employees might suffer themselves. UN actions aimed at bringing PMSCs out of the legal ‘grey zone’ where they have been operating are tackled alongside with self-regulatory initiatives.
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Janaby, Mohamad. "The legal regime applicable to private military and security company personnel in armed conflicts." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228981.

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Private military and security companies (PMSCs) have been extensively used to provide military and security services in various armed conflicts. Aspects of their use have generated concerns that the personnel of these companies are no more than modern mercenaries. This thesis clarifies the legal regime applicable to such companies in armed conflicts. This regime includes both the legal status and legal regulation of PMSC personnel. The aim of this thesis is not to create a new status for PMSC personnel, but to clarify which of the existing legal statuses adopted by international humanitarian law (IHL) can apply to them. This status relies completely on the actors to whom these companies supply their services, and the sort of mission in which they are involved. This approach is not employed in the literature. Most attention has been paid to the use of PMSCs by States. This is not, however, the only scenario whereby PMSCs become engaged in armed conflicts. PMSCs provide their services to other actors such as the United Nations (UN), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and armed groups. Consequently, one definitive status cannot be applied in all situations. Different types of status can be applied in accordance with the nature of the particular PMSC involvement in armed conflicts. Accordingly, the three statuses established by IHL can apply to PMSC personnel; namely those of “mercenary”, “combatant” and “civilian”. Two environments classify the personnel of PMSCs as mercenaries; this is when they provide their services to a State party to an international armed conflict and to an armed group in non-international armed conflicts. Mercenary status is not applicable to the use of PMSCs in UN peacekeeping operations or providing protection to NGOs, because in both circumstances neither can be considered as a party to an armed conflict. PMSC personnel can be categorised as “combatants” when hired to provide their services to States and when they are used as UN peacekeepers. They are most likely to be classified as “civilians” if they are not “combatants”. There are two types of civilians; “civilians accompanying armed forces of a party to an armed conflict”, and “normal civilians”. The former categorisation only applies in international armed conflict, while the latter can apply to all other PMSC involvement in armed conflicts. Appropriate regulation of PMSCs depends on the legal status of their personnel. Therefore, this thesis asserts that IHL can regulate the activities of PMSCs. Additionally, international human rights law can apply to PMSCs and their personnel.
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Yigit, Huseyin. "Privatization of peacekeeping: UN's institutional capacity to control Private Military and Security Companies." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37747.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) are perceived as a cost-effective alternative to the national troops contributed by member states to the UN peacekeeping operations. This thesis draws on the Thomas Bruneaus three-dimensional civil-military relations theory to answer the question: Can United Nations employ PMSCs in peacekeeping operations to achieve UN goals more fully than national militaries? Analysis of the UN peacekeeping system reveals that although the UN peacekeeping system has undergone several reforms and developed capacities, current structure and institutional power of the UN has serious shortcomings to control PMSCs and ensure effectiveness and efficiency. The UN needs to develop a more detailed doctrine; create an overarching institutional coordination mechanism; and enhance its logistics capacity to effectively employ PMSCs. Moreover, lose chain of command structure and vague exit strategies complicate the use of PMSCs in peacekeeping.
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Tonkin, Hannah Jane. "States' international obligations to control private military & security companies in armed conflict." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1658758a-481a-4f1c-83c0-2ef269a78778.

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Tens of thousands of contractors work for private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflicts around the world, often hired by states to fulfil functions that were once the exclusive domain of the armed forces. In this context, PMSCs have performed a wide range of activities including offensive combat, prisoner interrogation, military advice and training, armed security, intelligence and logistics. The proliferation of PMSCs during the past two decades has challenged conventional conceptions of the state as the primary holder of coercive power in the international arena. Nonetheless, this Thesis argues that the traditional state-centred frameworks of international law remain vitally relevant to the regulation of private security activity in contemporary armed conflict. Three states are in a strong position to influence PMSCs in this context—the state that hires the PMSC, the state in which the company is based or incorporated, and the state in which the company operates—and this capacity for influence enables international law to regulate PMSC activities indirectly using these states as an intermediary. This Thesis critically analyses the pertinent international obligations on these three categories of states and identifies the circumstances in which PMSC misconduct may give rise to state responsibility in each case. It also examines the recent practice of certain key states in order to evaluate their compliance with these obligations. By providing a clear and in-depth analysis of states' international obligations to control PMSCs in armed conflict, this Thesis may not only facilitate the assessment of state responsibility in cases of PMSC misconduct; it may also play an important prospective role in setting standards of conduct for states in relation to the private security industry. This in turn may encourage and assist states to develop their domestic laws and policies in order to improve overall PMSC compliance with international law.
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Niewerth, Martin. "Private Militärunternehmen im Völkerrecht." München M-Press Meidenbauer, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989530388/04.

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Roberts, Ruth. "The role of military companies in African conflicts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2187.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Private military companies (PMCs)are increasing becoming involved in modern conflicts providing specialised skills such as combat services, planning, intelligence, training, support and technical assistance. They provide an alternative to weak state governments as Western governments have become increasingly reluctant to commit their troops to be involved in the civil conflicts of the developing world. Supporters of the employment of private forces see them as an effective solution to this combination of need from conflict-ridden weak states and reluctance of Western governments and international organisations to intervene in these conflicts ...
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Books on the topic "Private military and security companies"

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Jäger, Thomas, and Gerhard Kümmel, eds. Private Military and Security Companies. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2.

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Spearin, Christopher. Private Military and Security Companies and States. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54903-3.

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Victory for hire: Private security companies' impact on military effectiveness. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Security Studies, 2011.

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Dunigan, Molly. Victory for hire: Private security companies' impact on military effectiveness. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Security Studies, 2011.

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Østensen, Åsa Gilje. UN use of private military and security companies: Practices and policies. Geneva: DCAF, 2011.

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Corporate soldiers and international security: The rise of private military companies. New York, NY: Routledge, 2006.

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Marchetti, Esther. Private military and security companies: Il caso italiano nel contesto internazionale. Roma: Edizioni Nuova Cultura, 2013.

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Shadow force: Private security contractors in Iraq. Westport, Conn: Praeger Security International, 2008.

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Østensen, Åse Gilje. UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies: Practices and Policies. London: Ubiquity Press, 2011.

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State control over private military and security companies in armed conflict. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Private military and security companies"

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Cole, Celline, and Resy Vermeltfoort. "Private Military and Security Companies." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 67–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70827-0_10.

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Hoffman, Peter J. "Private military and security companies." In International Organization and Global Governance, 423–36. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315301914-35.

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Herbst, Kathrin. "Private Security Companies and Civil-Military Cooperation." In Private Military and Security Companies, 273–91. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_17.

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Avant, Deborah. "Selling Security: Trade-Offs in State Regulation of the Private Security Industry." In Private Military and Security Companies, 419–42. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_27.

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Buchner, Susan. "Private Military Companies and Domestic Law in South Africa." In Private Military and Security Companies, 395–405. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_25.

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Kinsey, Christopher. "Private Security Companies: Agents of Democracy or Simply Mercenaries?" In Private Military and Security Companies, 87–104. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_6.

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Drews, Imke-Ilse. "Private Military Companies: The New Mercenaries? — An International Law Analysis." In Private Military and Security Companies, 331–43. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_21.

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Fuchs, Alice E. "Searching for Resources, Offering Security ... Private Military Companies in Sierra Leone." In Private Military and Security Companies, 105–20. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_7.

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von Boemcken, Marc. "Liaisons Dangereuses: The Cooperation between Private Security Companies and Humanitarian Aid Agencies." In Private Military and Security Companies, 259–72. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_16.

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Binder, Martin. "Norms versus Rationality: Why Democracies Use Private Military Companies in Civil Wars." In Private Military and Security Companies, 307–20. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Private military and security companies"

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Dyshekov, Murat. "Private Military And Security Companies: Search For International Legal And National Laws." In International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Turkayev Hassan Vakhitovich. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.36.

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Kis Kelemen, Bence. "RESPONSIBILITY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS OF PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES ON EU BORDERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CONTRACTS OF THE EUROPEAN ASYLUM SUPPORT OFFICE." In EU 2020 – lessons from the past and solutions for the future. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/11900.

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Liu, Renfang, Xianping Zhou, and Guyue Xiang. "Civil-Military Integration and Technical Innovation of Private Listed Companies." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.191225.048.

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Лапко, И. В., and В. А. Кирьяков. "Health status and occupational risk assessment of employees of private security companies." In III International Scientific Forum "Health And Safety At The Workplace". Polikraft, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-985-7153-76-3-2019-1-3-180-182.

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Dombrovskis, Valerijs. "GENERAL AND PROFESSIONAL STRESS OF MOBILE AND OPERATIONAL STAFF OF PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES." In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/32/s11.020.

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Chalmers, Leslie S. "An Analysis Of The Differences Between The Computer Security Fractices In The Military And Private Sectors." In 1986 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sp.1986.10006.

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Özkan, Turgut, and Özge Demirkale. "Private Pension Fund Performance and Comparison with Basic Investment Instruments in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01435.

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In 2001, after the preparation of legal infrastructure in Turkey, private pension fund system started to be complementary to the Social Security system. There are many expectations from the private pension fund system both socially and economically. Social expectation is to direct individuals to alternative investment instruments to provide additional income for retirement. Economic expectation is to provide long-term funding to support the economic development. Pension fund companies have the most important responsibility to meet these expectations. In this study, the profits of investment instruments and individual pension funds are compared in a long term perspective, using three basic portfolio performance measures. The term between January 2004 and September 2014 have been considered. Investment alternatives have been discussed in detail. BIST100, deposit, gold and currency basket (USD+EUR) are the investment instruments that are compared with individual pension funds. In addition, individual pension funds have been analyzed on company basis and the achievements of the pension fund companies have been revealed during the term mentioned above. According to our analysis, it has been concluded that personal retirement funds lost value considerably, especially due to inflation.
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8

Araújo de Souza, Maykon, and Sandro Ronaldo Bezerra Oliveira. "Adequação da MOSE® Competence para a Implementação do Capítulo VII da LGPD: Um Mapeamento dos Ativos de Segurança e Boas Práticas." In Computer on the Beach. São José: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v12.p193-200.

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This study presents a mapping of the assets present in the Guiding Model for the Success of Public and Private Companies (MOSE) and the articles included in the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) of the Brazilian Government, with regard to Security and Good Practices in Chapter VII of this law. The theme becomes relevant, as more and more companies from different contexts need to implement the articles contained in this law in order to adhere to the standard of regulation of personal data processing activities defined by the Brazilian Federal Government. However, this law still needs guidelines for its proper implementation based on the adoption of good practices in models, methods and/or techniques available in the specialized literature. One of these instruments refers to the MOSE, which helps public and private companies to achieve levels of excellence in performance, governance and quality, in the production of goods and services, based on the use of practices and indicators specific to the area of knowledge or specialty. Thus, the research question guiding this work is: how to correspond/map the practices included in the MOSE to guide the implementation of the articles of the LGPD law? The methodology adopted was the asset mapping, described in a specific section of the paper, which included the following steps: definition of the LGPD chapter that focuses on data security management; definition of the model and law structures, and their inputs to be analyzed; identification of the description of each asset; analysis of correspondence between assets; evaluation of the mapping using the peer review technique with expert in the two target standards of this research. The result was the perception that 33% of the MOSE’s competences goals, with the appropriate adjustments, have total adherence with 100% of the security and good pratices assets of LGPD. This mapping is intended to provide assistance in defining a roadmap containing activities, work products, tools, indicators and expected results to achieve the goals defined in the LGPD.
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9

Al-Jadir, Sadik Jadir. "The Use of 5G Technologies in the Digital Transformation of the Oil/Gas Industry." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207529-ms.

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Abstract Many oil & gas companies embarked on their Digital Transformation (DX) journeys with rapid adoption of emerging digital technologies. Successful digital transformation initiatives are necessary for Oil/Gas Companies to improve efficiencies, streamline their operations and meet pressing challenges for cost reduction, increased efficiency, and improved safety. Oil & Gas fields and processing facilities require robust and reliable telecommunication infrastructure to support the application of much needed digital technologies. The availability of high-speed connectivity has been a challenge for many Oil/Gas companies operating in remote or hazardous locations. The latest Fifth Generation cellular technology (5 G) addresses such essential Oil/Gas requirements as increased speeds/bandwidths, very low network latencies, ultra-reliable communications, and the capacity to handle large number of users. 5G is designed around following technologies: Small (micro) cells requiring less power,Higher frequencies offering bigger data handling capacities,Cloud and Edge Computing for low network latencies and added security. These 5G design features will enable numerous Oil/Gas applications such as Industrial Robots/Drones, Virtual/Augmented Reality, Video Surveillance with Artificial Intelligence (AI) features (Face Recognition, Object Recognition & intelligent Image processing), Remote Asset Management, Industrial IoT communication between Sensors, Gateways and Device Controllers, Pipeline Leak Detection Systems, Telemetry and SCADA. 5G is therefore poised to be a key enabler in Digital Transformation. The UAE has an advanced telecom infrastructure that offers customers high speed fibre optic connectivity. UAE telecom operators have also been quick to deploy 5G in main cities. Etisalat for example is running a 5G pilot on Das Island with ADNOC Offshore and a major Network Supplier to test potential use cases of the technology in the O&G industry. The push for 5G in O&G will benefit from cooperation between the O&G industry, the telecom operators and technology providers. The role of Governments and the Telecom Regulators can further accelerate adoption through allocation of frequency spectrum to enable 5G Private Network model of deployment. The private network model is crucial for the Oil & Gas industry in view of the special requirements, nature and remoteness of oil and gas installations.
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10

Nóbrega, Thiago, Carlos Eduardo S. Pires, and Dimas Cassimiro Nascimento. "Towards Auditable and Intelligent Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage." In Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbbd_estendido.2021.18170.

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Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage (PPRL) intends to integrate private/sensitive data from several data sources held by different parties. It aims to identify records (e.g., persons or objects) representing the same real-world entity over private data sources held by different custodians. Due to recent laws and regulations (e.g., General Data Protection Regulation), PPRL approaches are increasingly demanded in real-world application areas such as health care, credit analysis, public policy evaluation, and national security. As a result, the PPRL process needs to deal with efficacy (linkage quality), and privacy problems. For instance, the PPRL process needs to be executed over data sources (e.g., a database containing personal information of governmental income distribution and assistance programs), with an accurate linkage of the entities, and, at the same time, protect the privacy of the information. Thus, this work intends to simplify the PPRL process by facilitating real-world applications (such as medical, epidemiologic, and populational studies) to reduce legal and bureaucratic efforts to access and process the data, making these applications' execution more straightforward for companies and governments. In this context, this work presents two major contributions to PPRL: i) an improvement to the linkage quality and simplify the process by employing Machine Learning techniques to decide whether two records represent the same entity, or not; and ii) we enable the auditability the computations performed during PPRL.
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Reports on the topic "Private military and security companies"

1

Efflandt, Scott L. Under Siege: How Private Security Companies Threaten the Military Profession. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589194.

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2

Dunar, III, Mitchell Charles J., Robbins Jared L., and Donald L. III. Private Military Industry Analysis: Private and Public Companies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada475797.

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3

Luber, Steven M. South Asia in the Space Age: Security Implications of Private-Sector Military Innovation on the Subcontinent. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395531.

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4

Mutis, Santiago. Privately Held AI Companies by Sector. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200019.

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Understanding AI activity in the private sector is crucial both to grasping its economic and security implications and developing appropriate policy frameworks. This data brief shows particularly robust AI activity in software publishing and manufacturing, along with a high concentration of companies in California, Massachusetts and New York.
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5

Ozano, Kim, Andrew Roby, and Jacob Tompkins. Learning Journey on Water Security: UK Water Offer. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.026.

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The overarching goals for the UK in relation to global water security are to; tackle and reverse growing water insecurity and its consequences caused by depletion and degradation of natural water sources; and address poor water management and increasing demand. To do this, the UK has a well-developed water ‘offer’ that together can help reach the goal of global water security. This note details some of that water offer: UK water leadership: The UK developed the concept of modern sanitation and water supply, with an early example being the Victorian Bazalgette London sewer; Ownership and regulation: The UK has four models of ownership: government department in Northern Ireland, GoCo in Scotland, Mutual in Wales, and private companies in England. But the common thread is strong and clear, regulation to deliver the right outcomes for society; Competition and markets: The UK set up the world’s first water retail markets for business customers, delivering savings and environmental benefits. Similar market mechanisms are being developed for sewage sludge, which will help drive circular economy solutions; Innovation: The UK has a huge number of water tech start-ups and most water companies have labs and pilot schemes to support these fledgling companies. At the same time, the English regulator, Ofwat, has established a huge innovation fund, which along with the Scottish Hydro Nation initiative has made the UK the best place in the world for water innovation and tech.
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Kelly, Luke. Characteristics of Global Health Diplomacy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.09.

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This rapid review focuses on Global Health Diplomacy and defines it as a method of interaction between the different stakeholders of the public health sector in a bid to promote representation, cooperation, promotion of the right to health and improvement of health systems for vulnerable populations on a global scale. It is the link between health and international relations. GHD has various actors including states, intergovernmental organizations, private companies, public-private partnerships and non-governmental organizations. Foreign policies can be integrated into national health in various ways i.e., designing institutions to govern practices regarding health diplomacy (i.e., health and foreign affairs ministries), creating and promoting norms and ideas that support foreign policy integration and promoting policies that deal with specific issues affecting the different actors in the GHD arena to encourage states to integrate them into their national health strategies. GHD is classified into core diplomacy – where there are bilateral and multilateral negotiations which may lead to binding agreements, multistakeholder diplomacy – where there are multilateral and bilateral negotiations which do not lead to binding agreements and informal diplomacy – which are interactions between other actors in the public health sector i.e., NGOs and Intergovernmental Organizations. The US National Security Strategy of 2010 highlighted the matters to be considered while drafting a health strategy as: the prevalence of the disease, the potential of the state to treat the disease and the value of affected areas. The UK Government Strategy found the drivers of health strategies to be self-interest (protecting security and economic interests of the state), enhancing the UK’s reputation, and focusing on global health to help others. The report views health diplomacy as a field which requires expertise from different disciplines, especially in the field of foreign policy and public health. The lack of diplomatic expertise and health expertise have been cited as barriers to integrating health into foreign policies. States and other actors should collaborate to promote the right to health globally.
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Flagg, Melissa, and Jack Corrigan. Ending Innovation Tourism: Rethinking the U.S. Military’s Approach to Emerging Technology Adoption. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210030.

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As dual-use technologies transform the national security landscape, the U.S. Department of Defense has established a variety of offices and programs dedicated to bringing private sector innovation into the military. However, these efforts have largely failed to drive cutting-edge commercial technology into major military platforms and systems. This report examines the shortcomings of the DOD’s current approach to defense innovation and offers recommendations for a more effective strategy.
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8

Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.

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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
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