Relevant bibliographies by topics / Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)"

1

Skuratova, A. Yu, and E. E. Korolkova. "Private military and security companies in international law." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2020-4-81-94.

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INTRODUCTION. The article analyses the sources of international law, national legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as that of certain foreign States regulating the operation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflict. The article highlights the out-comes of the work of the UN Special Rapporteurs and Working Groups to study the activity of PMSCs and the impact it had on the observance of human rights. The authors further analyze the status of PMSC personnel under international humanitarian law. The article also looks at the positions expressed by the delegations of Member States during the discussion of the 2010 Draft Convention on Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and provides recommendations for developing an appropriate international regulatory framework. The authors also examined State practice of the implementation of the The Montreux Document on Pertinent International Legal Obligations and Good Practices for Statesт Related to Operations of Private Military and Security Companies During Armed Conflict related to the operation of private military and security companies during armed conflict.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article contains an analysis of the main sources of international law, the documents drafted by the United Nations International Law Commission, special rapporteurs and working groups on the matter, and State practice. It also addresses Russian and foreign legal scholarship. From a methodological perspective, this study relied on the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systemic approach) and private legal methods of knowledge (formal-legal, comparative legal studies).RESEARCH RESULTS. Based on the study, it is argued that an international treaty should be adopted to regulate the activities of PMSCs, which would establish mechanisms to monitor and hold PMSCs and their employees legally accountable.
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Petersohn, Ulrich. "Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), Military Effectiveness, and Conflict Severity in Weak States, 1990–2007." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 5 (August 23, 2015): 1046–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715600758.

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For more than two decades, private military and security companies (PMSCs) have become increasingly involved in armed conflicts. A common view is that PMSCs are menaces who simply take economic advantage of—and thereby aggravate—already bad situations. Yet, empirical research has rarely investigated these claims or the impact of commercial actors’ selling force-related services. This article investigates how PMSCs impact the severity of armed conflict in weak states and advances the argument that PMSC services increase the client’s military effectiveness. In turn, increased military effectiveness translates into increased conflict severity, the extent of which depends on type of service provided by the PMSC, the level of competition on the market, and oversight.
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Avant, Deborah, and Kara Kingma Neu. "The Private Security Events Database." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 8 (January 30, 2019): 1986–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002718824394.

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Since the 1990s, the private provision of military and security services has become a common feature of local, national, and transnational politics. The prevalence of private security has generated important questions about its consequences, but data to answer these questions are sparse. In this article, we introduce the Private Security Events Database (PSED) that traces the involvement of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in events in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2012. We describe the PSED project, highlight its descriptive findings, conduct a replication and reanalysis of Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski’s contract data in Africa, and compare the two databases’ coverage of Sierra Leone from 1991 to 1997. Our analysis demonstrates new insights into the relationship between PMSCs and civil war duration, confirming a correlation between PMSC presence and shorter conflicts, but questioning the logic Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski propose. It also points to a number of productive paths for future research.
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Nebolsina, М. A. "Private Military and Security Companies in UN Peacekeeping Operations: Problems and Perspectives." Journal of International Analytics 11, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2020-11-3-61-77.

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While some of the UN member states refrain from providing peacekeepers due to security reasons, the UN frequently turns to the private security market for support. In turn, private military and security companies (PMSCs) take on risky missions and fill in the procurement gaps. It is common practice to criticize PMSCs for not having a clear international legal status, operating in the “grey” area of the law and not being accountable for their actions. Furthermore, the UN often equates PMSCs to mercenaries of the past and calls for strict regulation and surveillance of their activities. This practice has remained unchanged since the 1992 reforms, and the UN has done nothing to reduce the involvement of PMSCs in peacekeeping missions. On the contrary, it has, under pressure from lobbyists for the private security industry, actually increased security expenditures for PMSCs by unprecedented amounts. The UN’s position as a unique universal intergovernmental organization exempts it from a great deal of transparency, accountability and reform. While the private security industry includes various PMSCs that compete for contracts in conflict zones and post-conflict areas, the UN does not have any kind of competitor in peacekeeping procedures. The UN criticizes PMSCs for their blatant human rights violations and disregard of international law, yet continues to contract them for its peacekeeping missions. This paper examines the problem of involving PMSCs in UN peacekeeping operations. It aims to answer the following main questions: How do PMSCs, as partners of the UN in the peacekeeping process, contribute to the protection of human rights, which is one of the organization’s basic declared principles? Can PMSCs become a recognized instrument within the UN system? Would UN peacekeeping eff orts improve as a result of hiring PMSCs?
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Korol’kova, E. "Evolution of United States’ Private Military and Security Companies: The Case of Afghanistan 2001–2021." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, no. 1 (2022): 122–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.1.68.7.

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The withdrawal of troops on 31 August 2021 which was carried out in accordance with the Agreement signed on 29 February 2020 between the U.S. government and the Taliban (an international terrorist organization banned in the Russian Federation) marked the end of the international military campaign in Afghanistan which lasted twenty years. Assessing the preliminary outcomes of nearly a quarter-century of the US military and their NATO allies’ presence in Afghanistan, U.S. President Joseph Biden announced the end of “an era of major military operations to remake other countries”. Though the consequences of the Western coalition campaign in the area remain to be evaluated and they are unlikely to turn out to be unequivocal, the Atlantic strategy aimed at rebuilding and democratization of Afghanistan proved itself as bankrupt. Our research focuses on the way the twenty-year military campaign in Afghanistan affected the development of the U.S. private military and security companies (PMSC) industry. For these purposes, we, firstly, studied and traced the transformation of the private military and security services market in the U.S., and examined the changes of approaches and mechanisms used to contract PMSCs. Secondly, we analyzed the way the U.S. authorities addressed the challenges new market evoked, focusing on the measures of legal regulation that were applied to PMSCs, and the way the working of the U.S. institutional mechanisms was transforming. The final part of the research contains conclusions on the perspectives for the development of the American PMSC industry after the withdrawal of the U.S. troops from Afghanistan. We believe that due to its duration and continuity, the Afghan operation ensured a launchpad for the PMSC industry and provided conditions for private military and security companies to acquire and master high-end experience which in turn, contributed to the development of a certain market that goes well beyond the involvement of conventional human capital. It provided solutions for the production, utilization, and maintenance of the equipment and technologies, allowing the minimization of the direct participation of specialists in hostilities. Alongside the development of the American PMSC industry itself, the research studies the investigations conducted by the U.S. authorities into the cases of abuse committed by the contractors during their participation in Afghan war. It discusses the way this practice encouraged the transformations of United States procedures and mechanisms aimed at reducing malpractice when performing contracts and launched changes in U.S. legislation. It also demonstrates the lessons learned by the U.S. from the contractual practice with regard to the regulation of PMSCs. The research reveals the strengths and weaknesses of the American policy regarding PMSCs during the whole period of the military conflict in Afghanistan and helps to evaluate the success of the U.S. efforts in monitoring contractors across Afghanistan. To conclude, we reckon that considerable contractual experience acquired in Afghanistan ensures technological and procedural progress of the U.S. PMSC industry. Given the enduring rivalry between the U.S., Russia, and China, including in the military and technological spheres, the twenty-year experience of direct participation in hostilities by U.S. PMSCs boosted its competitive advantage compared to Russia and China, whose PMSCs still lack such an experience.
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Tkach, Benjamin. "Private military and security companies, contract structure, market competition, and violence in Iraq." Conflict Management and Peace Science 36, no. 3 (May 4, 2017): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894217702516.

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Conflict environments exacerbate an incentive dilemma between employers and private military and security companies (PMSCs). PMSCs seek to maximize profits, but employers seek to minimize expenses and maximize services. We argue that PMSCs are influenced by two complementary economic factors: contract structure and intra-sector competition. Contract structures are set by employers and establish compensation constraints and intra-sector competition identifies potential replacements. Both impact service delivery. We find that PMSCs with contract structures that lack performance incentives, even in the presence of competition, increase the likelihood of violence in Iraq. PMSCs that lacked intra-sector competition had a similar but smaller effect.
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Pingeot, Lou. "The United Nations Guidelines on the Use of Armed Private Security." International Community Law Review 16, no. 4 (October 24, 2014): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341290.

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The un is increasingly relying on private military and security companies (pmscs) for a wide range of services. Until recently, un use of pmscs was not governed by systemwide rules and standards. The establishment of guidelines on the use of armed private security in late 2012 has led to greater accountability and transparency around this practice. The guidelines clarify the decision-making process and the criteria for the selection and hiring of companies providing armed security. However, they are overly reliant on self-regulation by pmscs and remain limited, raising questions about their capacity to avoid companies with objectionable records and prevent potential incidents. Moreover, the guidelines raise concerns that the use of pmscs by the un may become normalised, with yet unexamined effects on the organisation’s security policies and its image.
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de Groot, Tom, and Salvador Santino F. Regilme. "Private Military and Security Companies and The Militarization of Humanitarianism." Journal of Developing Societies 38, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 50–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x211066874.

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The widespread use of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in United Nations peacebuilding missions often undermines the effectiveness of these missions. PMSCs tend to encourage, in unnecessary ways, what is called security risk management and promote the militarization of humanitarian efforts. They encourage humanitarian aid organizations to protect their personnel with barbed wire fences, security guards, armed convoys, and secure aid compounds, even if the security risks are relatively low. Consequently, these militarized humanitarian efforts heighten the perception of risks and intensify security measures, which create physical and psychological barriers between humanitarian aid personnel and the local communities in which they carry out their tasks. This situation undermines local ownership of peacebuilding efforts and makes them less responsive to the local communities involved in these efforts. This article provides a comparative analysis of the nature of this problem and its effects in the Global South.
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Nebolsina, M. "The Problem of International Conventional Regulation of Private Military and Security Companies." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 5 (2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-5-95-106.

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Received 16.09.2020. The article examines the preconditions for the development of a UN convention on Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), and raises the question of the actors interested in creating such a document. It seeks to explain why the convention remained at the draft level, through the prism of contradictions associated with the development of international legal norms in relation to the known phenomenon of mercenarism, and in relation to new militarysecurity structures. The present text is devoted to the analysis of the problems in determining PMSCs’ status and in separating them from such illegal actors as mercenaries, as well as to studying the difficulties associated with the promotion of the UN International Convention on the Regulation, Oversight and Monitoring of Private Military and Security Companies, that arise in the scientific community and within the UN itself. In addition, the article touches upon the problem of privatization of international law and discusses intentions of private military and security industry to privatize specific issues of PMSCs’ regulation. It emphasizes the role of non-state actors that seek ways to participate in and influence the process of international conventional regulation. On the one hand, international legal binding mechanisms aimed at regulation of PMSCs are nagging. On the other hand, current legal norms are imperfect and seem to be inappropriate for the regulation of the fast growing and evolving phenomenon – PMSCs. The combination of states’ and non-state actors’ interests at the international level challenges the system of current conventional mechanisms. Besides, numerous approaches to the identification of the range of inherent governmental functions in military sphere vary from one state to another. Similarly, some PMSCs do not see any conflict with their unclear legal status while others seek ways to come out from the shadows of obscurity and clarify their status within the international law. The article tries to unveil a range of different problems in private security sphere and explain both the complexity of private military and security industry, the ambiguous approaches towards regulation of PMSCs and the challenges the international law faces with the emergence of new non-state military and security phenomenon. Acknowledgments. The article was supported by a grant from the International Studies Institute at MGIMO University, (Project No. 1921-01-07): “New Forms of Strategic Competition of the Great Political Powers in the 21st Century” as part of the “Analysis and Forecasting the Evolution of International Relations in the Context of a Changing Technology” project.
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TONKIN, HANNAH. "Common Article 1: A Minimum Yardstick for Regulating Private Military and Security Companies." Leiden Journal of International Law 22, no. 4 (October 28, 2009): 779–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156509990227.

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AbstractTens of thousands of contractors work for private military and security companies (PMSCs) during armed conflict and occupation, often hired by states to perform activities that were once the exclusive domain of the armed forces. Many of the obligations and standards that guide states in regulating their armed forces are lacking in relation to PMSCs, raising concerns that states might simply outsource their military policy to PMSCs without taking adequate measures to promote compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL). This article argues that the universally applicable obligation ‘to ensure respect’ for IHL in Common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions can provide a key mechanism for addressing these concerns.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)"

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MARICONDA, CLAUDIA GABRIELLA. "HUMAN RIGHTS AND LABOUR RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES. PERSPECTIVES ON PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11127.

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Lo studio si inserisce nel dibattito sul potere delle multinazionali e il rispetto dei diritti umani fondamentali e approfondisce i concetti di responsabilità sociale delle imprese (CSR) e della loro "accountability", inquadrando l'analisi nel contesto più ampio degli investimenti esteri diretti (FDI), con i relativi aspetti economici, tecnologici e sociali, nonché ambientali e politici. Si analizzano le norme internazionali in tema di rispetto dei diritti umani da parte delle aziende, ed i meccanismi legali per rendere le società "accountable", soprattutto in caso di complicità aziendali negli abusi perpetrati dagli Stati, anche attraverso la giurisprudenza dei tribunali penali internazionali e dei tribunali statunitensi. Viene data attenzione al settore della sicurezza, i.e. "Private Military and Security Companies" (PMSCs, interessato da notevole crescita negli ultimi decenni. Le PMSCs, impiegate da parte dei governi che esternalizzano una funzione tipicamente dello stato e da imprese e ONG attive in contesti difficili, hanno operato senza adeguato controllo. Le loro attività sollevano questioni su potenziali abusi dei diritti umani commessi dai propri dipendenti oltre che su violazioni dei diritti del lavoro subite dagli stessi. Le azioni ONU per portare le PMSCs fuori dalla 'zona legale grigia' in cui hanno operato vengono trattate insieme alle iniziative di autoregolamentazione.
The study, given the debate about the increasing power of corporations and the attempts to ensure their respect of fundamental human rights, deepens the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate accountability, framing the analysis within the broader discourse of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), with its economic, technological and social aspects as well as environmental and political issues. International standards in the area of corporations’ human rights obligations are analyzed in addition to legal mechanisms to hold corporations accountable, particularly for corporate complicity in human rights abuses by States, through the jurisprudence of international criminal tribunals and U.S. Courts. Special attention is given to the security sector, i.e. Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), interested in the last decades by a steady growth. PMSCs, increasingly contracted by governments willing to outsource a typical state function and by companies and NGOs active in difficult contexts, have been operating without proper supervision and accountability. PMSCs activities raise issues concerning potential human rights violations committed by their employees and labour rights abuses their employees might suffer themselves. UN actions aimed at bringing PMSCs out of the legal ‘grey zone’ where they have been operating are tackled alongside with self-regulatory initiatives.
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MARICONDA, CLAUDIA GABRIELLA. "HUMAN RIGHTS AND LABOUR RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES. PERSPECTIVES ON PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11127.

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Lo studio si inserisce nel dibattito sul potere delle multinazionali e il rispetto dei diritti umani fondamentali e approfondisce i concetti di responsabilità sociale delle imprese (CSR) e della loro "accountability", inquadrando l'analisi nel contesto più ampio degli investimenti esteri diretti (FDI), con i relativi aspetti economici, tecnologici e sociali, nonché ambientali e politici. Si analizzano le norme internazionali in tema di rispetto dei diritti umani da parte delle aziende, ed i meccanismi legali per rendere le società "accountable", soprattutto in caso di complicità aziendali negli abusi perpetrati dagli Stati, anche attraverso la giurisprudenza dei tribunali penali internazionali e dei tribunali statunitensi. Viene data attenzione al settore della sicurezza, i.e. "Private Military and Security Companies" (PMSCs, interessato da notevole crescita negli ultimi decenni. Le PMSCs, impiegate da parte dei governi che esternalizzano una funzione tipicamente dello stato e da imprese e ONG attive in contesti difficili, hanno operato senza adeguato controllo. Le loro attività sollevano questioni su potenziali abusi dei diritti umani commessi dai propri dipendenti oltre che su violazioni dei diritti del lavoro subite dagli stessi. Le azioni ONU per portare le PMSCs fuori dalla 'zona legale grigia' in cui hanno operato vengono trattate insieme alle iniziative di autoregolamentazione.
The study, given the debate about the increasing power of corporations and the attempts to ensure their respect of fundamental human rights, deepens the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate accountability, framing the analysis within the broader discourse of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), with its economic, technological and social aspects as well as environmental and political issues. International standards in the area of corporations’ human rights obligations are analyzed in addition to legal mechanisms to hold corporations accountable, particularly for corporate complicity in human rights abuses by States, through the jurisprudence of international criminal tribunals and U.S. Courts. Special attention is given to the security sector, i.e. Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), interested in the last decades by a steady growth. PMSCs, increasingly contracted by governments willing to outsource a typical state function and by companies and NGOs active in difficult contexts, have been operating without proper supervision and accountability. PMSCs activities raise issues concerning potential human rights violations committed by their employees and labour rights abuses their employees might suffer themselves. UN actions aimed at bringing PMSCs out of the legal ‘grey zone’ where they have been operating are tackled alongside with self-regulatory initiatives.
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Paoliello, Tomaz [UNESP]. "Anatomia de uma empresa militar e de segurança privada: a empresa DynCorp em perspectiva global." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136417.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As empresas militares e de segurança privada (PMSC) são um novo ator que tem despertado grande atenção nos debates dentro da disciplina Relações Internacionais. Através do estudo de uma companhia especificamente, a norteamericana DynCorp, procuramos investigar qual a natureza desse ator dentro do grande processo de globalização. A literatura sobre as PMSC geralmente apresenta a ideia de que o aparecimento de tais atores tenha ocorrido através de forças de oferta e demanda espontâneas e circunstanciais. A hipótese auxiliar dessa ideia, que os Estados estejam se afastando das novas guerras, é aqui desafiada e substituída por outra. O Estado, particularmente os EUA, se adaptou em sua capacidade de engajamento em conflitos através da contratação das PMSC, e estimulou o crescimento de um mercado de segurança privada. A empresa Dyncorp faz parte desse movimento. Investigaremos a relação de co-constituição, na qual empresas e Estado se articulam para desenvolver o novo “mercado da força”, e o nascimento das PMSC como atores de natureza híbrida, associados às transformações do Estado neoliberal. O estudo da DynCorp se desdobra em três dimensões: sua face empresarial, como companhia transnacional associada às lógicas de mercado; uma face combatente, um dos novos atores nos palcos de conflitos contemporâneos; e como parte constituinte de um aparato de política externa, associado a seu cliente único, o governo dos Estados Unidos.
Private military and security companies (PMSC) is a new actor that has attracted great attention in the debates within the International Relations discipline. Through the study of a particular north-american company, DynCorp, we seek to investigate the nature of these actors in the great process of globalization. The literature on PMSC usually presents the idea that the emergence of such players has occurred through spontaneous supply and demand forces. The hypothesis that assist this idea is that the states are moving away from the new wars. Here this hypothesis is challenged and replaced by another. The State, particularly the US, has adapted its engagement in capacity in conflicts by engaging the PMSC, and stimulating the growth of a private security market. DynCorp is part of this movement. We investigate the relationship of co-constitution, in which companies and state are organized to develop the new "market for force", and the birth of PMSC as actors of a hybrid nature, associated with the transformation of the neoliberal state. The study of DynCorp unfolds in three dimensions: its corporate face, as a transnational company associated with market principles; a fighting face, as one of the new actors on the stage of contemporary conflicts; and as a constituent part of a foreign policy apparatus, associated with their only customer, the United States government.
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Street, Daniel. "Opening Pandora's Box? : theorising the commercialisation of military force in the post-Cold War world." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690740.

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The commercialisation of military services has increased in importance since the end of the Cold War. Commercial Military Service Providers (CMSPs) have found increased respectability and worked in states on every continent. Writing on CMSPs has similarly increased. Several high profile incidents have come under intense scrutiny, and has led to some portions of the literature demonising their use. However, there are still conceptual and theoretical issues which have been under explored. This thesis contributes to the literature which has sought to address this theoretical lacuna. Historical Sociology and comparative analysis are employed to analyse the implications of CMSP use on the state. A modified version of the Ideological, Economic, Military and Political (IEMP) model developed by Michael Mann, is used to theorise the impact of commercial security providers on existing sources of power within the state, and the relationship between them. The thesis uses two case studies which are representative of the use of CMSPs during this time period. The Sierra Leone Civil War and the invasion and reconstruction of Iraq since 2003. It will be argued that CMSPs alter the balance between power structures within the state, positively and negatively affecting the power of the state. The short term use of CMSPs has proven to be useful and of increasing importance; especially when military weakness is an urgent problem. However, although there has been no example of CMSPs intentionally threatening state stability, they can also subvert the power of the state. CMSPs, particularly when used for an extended period, have undermined the relationship between the sources of power, undermining political stability. Most significantly they weakened the state by undermining the strength it gains from its embeddedness in society.
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Paoliello, Tomaz Oliveira. "Anatomia de uma Empresa Militar e de Segurança Privada: a empresa DynCorp em perspectiva global." São Paulo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136417.

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Orientador: Reginaldo Mattar Nasser
Banca: Flavia de Campos Mello
Banca: Paulo José dos Reis Pereira
Banca: Vera da Silva Telles
Banca: Marco Aurélio Chaves Cepik
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: As empresas militares e de segurança privada (PMSC) são um novo ator que tem despertado grande atenção nos debates dentro da disciplina Relações Internacionais. Através do estudo de uma companhia especificamente, a norteamericana DynCorp, procuramos investigar qual a natureza desse ator dentro do grande processo de globalização. A literatura sobre as PMSC geralmente apresenta a ideia de que o aparecimento de tais atores tenha ocorrido através de forças de oferta e demanda espontâneas e circunstanciais. A hipótese auxiliar dessa ideia, que os Estados estejam se afastando das novas guerras, é aqui desafiada e substituída por outra. O Estado, particularmente os EUA, se adaptou em sua capacidade de engajamento em conflitos através da contratação das PMSC, e estimulou o crescimento de um mercado de segurança privada. A empresa Dyncorp faz parte desse movimento. Investigaremos a relação de co-constituição, na qual empresas e Estado se articulam para desenvolver o novo "mercado da força", e o nascimento das PMSC como atores de natureza híbrida, associados às transformações do Estado neoliberal. O estudo da DynCorp se desdobra em três dimensões: sua face empresarial, como companhia transnacional associada às lógicas de mercado; uma face combatente, um dos novos atores nos palcos de conflitos contemporâneos; e como parte constituinte de um aparato de política externa, associado a seu cliente único, o governo dos Estados Unidos.
Abstract: Private military and security companies (PMSC) is a new actor that has attracted great attention in the debates within the International Relations discipline. Through the study of a particular north-american company, DynCorp, we seek to investigate the nature of these actors in the great process of globalization. The literature on PMSC usually presents the idea that the emergence of such players has occurred through spontaneous supply and demand forces. The hypothesis that assist this idea is that the states are moving away from the new wars. Here this hypothesis is challenged and replaced by another. The State, particularly the US, has adapted its engagement in capacity in conflicts by engaging the PMSC, and stimulating the growth of a private security market. DynCorp is part of this movement. We investigate the relationship of co-constitution, in which companies and state are organized to develop the new "market for force", and the birth of PMSC as actors of a hybrid nature, associated with the transformation of the neoliberal state. The study of DynCorp unfolds in three dimensions: its corporate face, as a transnational company associated with market principles; a fighting face, as one of the new actors on the stage of contemporary conflicts; and as a constituent part of a foreign policy apparatus, associated with their only customer, the United States government.
Doutor
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Cinti, Letizia. "Private Military Companies e Private Security Companies. Problemi di responsabilità internazionale degli Stati." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427198.

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The study has examined the privatization of military services, in particular the companies that offer military and security services on international scale. The first purpose of the study is to construct the legal framework through an exam of international norms applicable to the companies and to the States involved in their employment. Furthermore, we have considered the principal problems concerning the international responsibility of these states.
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Dumlupinar, Nihat. "Regulation of private military companies in Iraq." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDumlupinar.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bruneau, Thomas ; Ear, Sophal. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Private military companies, Private security companies, Civil-military relations, Regulation of private military companies, Contractors. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100). Also available in print.
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Marchetti, Carolina <1990&gt. "Private Military/Security companies: la regolamentazione italiana nel contesto internazionale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8244.

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Il lavoro prende in analisi le Private Military/Security Companies. Nella prima parte se ne analizzano le caratteristiche: contesto di apparizione, difficoltà di inquadramento giuridico, analisi della domanda, problematiche relative al loro utilizzo. Si procede poi con l'analisi delle norme internazionali applicabili agli individui che lavorano per queste imprese ed alle società in toto, facendo riferimento alle norme internazionali sui mercenari, al diritto internazionale umanitario ed alle iniziative di sof-law specificatamente elaborate in materia. Infine si analizza la normativa italiana applicabile soffermandosi in particolare sul loro utilizzo e regolamentazione nelle operazioni di contrasto della pirateria.
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Ralby, Ian McDowell. "Private military and security companies in the uncharted spaces of the law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252261.

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Tsiftzis, Zafeiris. "Private military and security companies : options for regulation under human rights law." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2017. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/1768/.

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In the aftermath of the Cold war, new actors began to carry out a wide range of tasks with regard to the use of force. For instance, States relied on private business entities to perform military and security services which before had been performed by national armed forces. PMSCs are requested by governments, international organizations and NGOs or other corporations to provide with land-based or maritime military and/or security services that traditionally belonged to States. These services usually include the armed guarding and the protection of persons and objects, the maintenance and operation of weapons system, intelligence and technical assistance, prisoner detention and interrogation of suspects and transport, advice of and/or training of local forces/security personnel, and –in some cases- the direct participation in hostilities. Consequently, the engagement of PMSCs with several and different tasks and the transnational nature of their operations increase concerns about the effectiveness of their regulation, both at international and national levels. However, some questions concerning their responsibilities for any misconduct committed by them are raised. Most actually, PMSCs are usually being involved in violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law during their operations. However, the absence of a coherent and binding international legal framework to regulate PMSCs and oversee their activities in conjunction with the lack of national regulatory and advocacy frameworks which have jurisdiction directly over PMSCs' misconduct relieved private contractors to escape from prosecution and accountability from alleged human rights violations. Within the aforementioned context, the present thesis attempts to find out whether the PMSCs and their activities could be regulated throughout the context of human rights law. Therefore, the current thesis is divided into two main parts; the first part on the international and national efforts for regulation of PMSCs; and the second one on obligations of States to regulate PMSCs’ activities and punish the perpetrators. In particular, this thesis examines the obligations of States to regulate and monitor PMSCs’ activities with regard to the Montreux Document’s standards and it also focuses on the need of the adoption of a new coherent international regulatory regime which is going to demonstrate precisely the obligations and responsibilities of States, international organisations and PMSCs for land-based and maritime-based activities. Moreover, it presents and analyses the national regulatory mechanisms for punishment and prosecution of PMSCs’ employees for human rights violations. By using examines different national legislative frameworks, the present thesis considers that the absence of an international framework to punish private contractors for human rights violations allows for non-compliance with human rights law. Furthermore, the application of human rights law on the regulation of PMSCs’ activities constitutes an important part of the present research. So as, it examines the States’ human rights obligations to regulate PMSCs’ activities and demonstrates the States’ efforts to fulfill their obligations under human rights law regarding the regulation of PMSCs’ and their employees’ activities. In conclusion, the present thesis goes one step further. It explores whether the human rights judiciary bodies, and particular the ECtHR have the jurisdiction to adjudicate PMSCs’ employees for human rights abuses.
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Books on the topic "Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)"

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Hawkins, Thalia Elli. Outsourcing Security and International Corporate Responsibility: A Critical Analysis of Private Military Companies (PMCs) and Human Rights Violations. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.

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Jäger, Thomas, and Gerhard Kümmel, eds. Private Military and Security Companies. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2.

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Spearin, Christopher. Private Military and Security Companies and States. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54903-3.

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1951-, Alexandra Andrew, Baker Deane-Peter, and Caparini Marina, eds. Private military and security companies: Ethics, policies and civil-military relations. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008.

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Victory for hire: Private security companies' impact on military effectiveness. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Security Studies, 2011.

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Dunigan, Molly. Victory for hire: Private security companies' impact on military effectiveness. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Security Studies, 2011.

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Østensen, Åsa Gilje. UN use of private military and security companies: Practices and policies. Geneva: DCAF, 2011.

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Marchetti, Esther. Private military and security companies: Il caso italiano nel contesto internazionale. Roma: Edizioni Nuova Cultura, 2013.

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Corporate soldiers and international security: The rise of private military companies. New York, NY: Routledge, 2006.

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Carmola, Kateri. Private security contractors and new wars: Risk, law, and ethics. London: Routledge, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)"

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Spearin, Christopher. "Land Power and PMSCs." In Private Military and Security Companies and States, 89–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54903-3_4.

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Spearin, Christopher. "Sea Power and PMSCs." In Private Military and Security Companies and States, 127–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54903-3_5.

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Spearin, Christopher. "Air Power and PMSCs." In Private Military and Security Companies and States, 169–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54903-3_6.

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Weigelt, Katja, and Frank Märker. "Who is Responsible? The Use of PMCs in Armed Conflict and International Law." In Private Military and Security Companies, 377–93. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2_24.

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Grant, James. "The Players: Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) in the Humanitarian Space." In Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine, 67–90. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2927-1_5.

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Daza, Felipe. "Delimitation and Presence of PMSCs: Impact on Human Rights." In Public International Law and Human Rights Violations by Private Military and Security Companies, 31–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66098-1_3.

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Avant, Deborah. "Private Military and Security Companies." In Security Studies, 389–403. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003247821-27.

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Cole, Celline, and Resy Vermeltfoort. "Private Military and Security Companies." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 67–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70827-0_10.

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Hoffman, Peter J. "Private military and security companies." In International Organization and Global Governance, 423–36. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315301914-35.

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Hoffman, Peter J. "Private military and security companies." In International Organization and Global Governance, 457–70. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003266365-38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)"

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Dyshekov, Murat. "Private Military And Security Companies: Search For International Legal And National Laws." In International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Turkayev Hassan Vakhitovich. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.36.

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Simović, Slobodan, and Mihajlo Manić. "USLUGE PRIVATNOG OBEZBEĐENjA U SRBIJI – EKONOMSKI ZNAČAJ." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.145s.

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The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century are characterized by privatization of the public goods, border transparency is getting bigger, common market and primarily the basic functions of the state are getting weaker, which leads to weakening of her efficiency in law enforcement, as well as fragmentation of the security sector, which was traditionally in jurisdiction of the state. Pressed from all sides, political, economical and variety of different threats, processes and actors, countries have lost monopoly over conducting organized violence. The consequence of that process is that countries, some voluntarily, led by economic reasons, and some regarding political and security pressures, have given up their role of the ultimate legitimate provider and guarantor of security to the private military and security companies. Development of the private security sector, inside which private and non- state providers of security are functioning, elsewhere, excessively independent of the parent state, represent very significant moment in the development of the contemporary international relations, as well as for functioning the states themselves. Private security industry, private security companies and private military companies have built, in the world, industrial chain which is functioning freely on global market, and it is organized along permanent and firm corporation relations and it is constantly growing and getting stronger.
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Kis Kelemen, Bence. "RESPONSIBILITY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS OF PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES ON EU BORDERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CONTRACTS OF THE EUROPEAN ASYLUM SUPPORT OFFICE." In EU 2020 – lessons from the past and solutions for the future. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/11900.

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Irina, Akimova. "Managing Russian Mega-Projects Amid Geopolitical Turbulence: Challenges and Opportunities for International Cooperation." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210866-ms.

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Abstract Beginning of 2022 was marked by unprecedented geopolitical turbulence between Russia and Ukraine which followed by military conflict and sanctions applied to major Russian companies and projects. Most of the international energy majors announced cutting ties with Russian state-owned and private companies and a number of mega oil and gas projects. Among them BP, Shell, Caterpillar, Eni, Equinor and others. Some mega projects were temporary put on hold but after a very short break continue its development. This conflict made serious pressure on gas prices in Europe and costs for many industrial and domestic consumers in EU. In spite of strained relationships, Russian companies still supply gas to EU according to existing long-term contracts and even were able to increase trade volumes to Asia. As Russia is still main gas supplier to EU and its very unlikely for EU to substitute such volumes in a short-term, so its very important for international gas market security to made assessments of this geopolitical turbulence on the market volatility.
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Patrascu, Petrisor. "THE APPEARANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CYBER SECURITY STRATEGIES." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-222.

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In the last years, digital world have took a lot of importance applied on multiple fields, due to benefits, but also due to multiple number of users from both government and private companies. This development had involved a lot of risks and vulnerabilities. Nowadays a lot of vulnerabilities had been attacked, another ones had been tried to jeopardize and because of that were issued measurements for protection and cyber defense. The cyber security concept was generate by a permanent development of the information and communications technology, due to an increased number of users, due to an increased number of cyber threats and attacks and also due to the importance of this concept as an instrument of the national power strength. All through, the cyberspace became a field that applied to diplomatic, information, economic and military level of the global and country policy. The cyber security had an ascendant course started from technical discipline, developed to tactical level and finally reached strategically level of the powerful countries. Development of the cyber security became country policy and worldwide directives as a consequence of an increased number of threats and cyber-attacks. Because of those a lot of states took a lot of countermeasures to protect the national cyber infrastructure. Is observed that those countermeasures had been took when the cyber infrastructures were attacked or after that. Therefore, after these moments when cyber-attacks became a threat to critical cyber infrastructure, worldwide countries started to take in consideration that prevention is the basement of the cyber security and started to develop strategies and some of these states applied laws of cyber security.
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Reports on the topic "Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)"

1

Efflandt, Scott L. Under Siege: How Private Security Companies Threaten the Military Profession. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589194.

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