Relevant bibliographies by topics / Private military companies

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Private military companies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Private military companies"

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Nebolsina, Maria A. "Private Military and Security Companies." Russia in Global Affairs 17, no. 2 (2019): 76–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2019-17-2-76-106.

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Renou, Xavier. "Private Military Companies Against Development." Oxford Development Studies 33, no. 1 (March 2005): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600810500099717.

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Kinsey, Christopher. "Private military companies: options for regulation." Conflict, Security & Development 2, no. 03 (December 2002): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14678800200590624.

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JONES, CLIVE. "Private Military Companies as ‘Epistemic Communities’." Civil Wars 8, no. 3-4 (September 2006): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698240601060660.

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Vestner, Tobias. "Targeting Private Military and Security Companies." Military Law and the Law of War Review 57, no. 2 (December 2019): 251–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2019.02.02.

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Shishmonin, Sergey Vladimirovich. "EVOLUTION OF PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES IN THE WORLD." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 9 (2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-9-107-113.

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In a rapidly changing and unstable situation on the world stage, private military companies are present and developing very effectively in the military sphere. Relation to private military companies is a relatively new actors in the military sphere, is not clear. The history of formation and development of these organizations is short, but very bright. Mercenarism and prototypes of private military companies were known in ancient times. We show the evolution of private military companies from mercenaries to modern companies. In the modern sense of the term private military companies began to be actively created only in the middle of the 20th century. European states, in particular, the United States, played an active role in these processes. This state also went down in history as the first legally regulate the activities of military companies. In just over half a century, private military companies have been involved in many military conflicts and have proven to be a highly mobile and versatile tool for addressing geopolitical and state tasks. Since the early of 21th century, international private corporations and enterprises have become interested in the services of these organizations. The private-military segment of the market is developing very actively and steadily in the conditions of the modern world situation.
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Savka, O. I. "Criminal law regulation of private military and security companies in the USA." TRANSFORMATION LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS DOCTRINAL APPROACHES AND MEASUREMENTS, no. 14 (September 1, 2023): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2023-14-321-330.

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The article examines the criminal law regulation of private military and security companies in the United States. The genesis of the emergence of private military and security companies, their functions and principles of activity are considered. The author analyzes the legislative framework that defines the status and position of private military and security companies in the United States. The legal relations of US government agencies with private military and security companies are studied. The author analyzes the US regulations on the joint activities of the US Department of Defense, the Department of Justice and the Department of State on the joint policy governing the powers of private military and security companies, namely, the mechanism of command and control over employees of private military and security companies, including in the collection and analysis of intelligence information. The author identifies topical issues of criminal law regulation of activities and liability of private military and security companies in the United States. The article examines the doctrines of liability that have, in one way or another, provided private military and security companies with the opportunity to protect themselves from prosecution in American courts. Some of the liability rules relate to the immunity of the State from prosecution in any court, both domestic and foreign, which have been repeatedly applied by the United States. Key words: private military companies in the USA, private security companies in the USA, criminal law regulation, regulatory acts of the USA, principles of activity.
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Shadzhe, Azamat M., Eduard M. Afamgotov, and Inna N. Gaidareva. "PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES: LEGAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION." Russian Studies in Law and Politics 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2576-9634-2023-2-16-27.

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Article is devoted to the problems of development of private military companies in Russia. It shows the practice of private military companies in the current political situation in the world. The phenomenon of private military companies (PMCs) is a rather controversial and ambiguous topic. Over the past more than thirty years, PMCs have played an increasingly important role in local wars and regional conflicts. With further globalization of the world economy, the role of PMCs in future wars and armed conflicts will be increasing. The authors study international documents regulating the activities of these organizations. They point out the necessity of adopting a law to allow this type of activity on the territory of the Russian Federation. Private military companies actually exist within the country and their legalization would allow to introduce their activities into the legal field. Private military companies influence the sphere of human rights, is connected with corruption and dishonest performance of obligations in implementation of contracts. The penalties for establishing and participating in illegal armed groups are shown. The possibilities of their application, both in Russia and abroad, are highlighted.
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Manoilo, A. V., and A. Ya Zaytsev. "International Legal Status of Private Military Companies." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 90, no. 1 (January 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331620010098.

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Ryngaert, C. "Litigating Abuses Committed by Private Military Companies." European Journal of International Law 19, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 1035–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chn056.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Private military companies"

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Šváb, David. "Private Military Companies v Africe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149825.

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The Master's thesis "Private Military Companies in Africa" deals with the issues of the private military and security companies and their current position in international security relations. The central thesis of this academic publication is the question whether these commercial companies are capable of representing a significant position within the international community and executing extensive operations in conflict resolution and the subsequent transition towards a stable arrangement of the stricken regions. Essentially, the arguments leading to the key objective of this thesis are drawing upon a comparative study of recent activities of PMCs on the African continent, a discursive analysis of the approach towards these private subjects, as well as their international legal status. Consequently, by relying on the gathered information from the aforementioned research, the most substantial section of the text offers basic models of potential widespread use of private military companies in connection with national states and international organizations and explains the benefits resulting from this shift towards privatization of global security. Furthermore, the publication points out specific contemporary cases for the prospective application of PMCs and analyses the space for this industry within the existing international system.
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O'Brien, James M. "Private military companies an assessment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FOBrien.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Rothstein, Hy. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 31, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-78). Also available in print.
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Dunar, Charles J. Mitchell Jared L. Robbins Donald L. "Private military industry analysis private and public companies /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FDunar%5FMBA.pdf.

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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007."
Advisor(s): Dew, Nicholas ; Hudgens, Bryan J. "December 2007." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 10, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-127). Also available in print.
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Dunar, Charles J., Donald L. Robbins, and Jared L. Mitchell. "Private military industry analysis: private and public companies." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10195.

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MBA Professional Report
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Since the end of the Cold War, the Private Military Industry has skyrocketed. This study gathers, compiles and examines demographic and financial information on 585 private and public companies that operate in the Private Military Industry. The demographic analysis reveals that an overwhelming majority of firms are privately held and offered no financial information. Firm inception dates are closely correlated with past and current world events. Majority of the private firms founders have military or government backgrounds and are located in the United States and United Kingdom. Using Singer's and Avant's classification of the Private Military Industry, the study determines that most firms are not restricted to one classification as they operate in more then one arena. The analysis of public firms reveals that revenues and profits have been increasing steadily since 2003 as well as operating expenses, shrinking profit margins. The public firm analysis presents the financial relationships between the Initial Public Offerings, locations, and employee numbers to the success of the companies. Overall this study and the analysis of the Private Military Firms offer insight into the prevalence of the Private Military Industry in the business world and how financially rewarding it can be.
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Halvarsson, Niklas. "Privatisering av svensk säkerhet : Vilka faktorer driver expansionen av privata säkerhetsföretag?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1431.

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Sedan kalla krigets slut har en ny typ av aktör dykt upp i internationella konflikter och krig världen över. Denna aktör är privata företag som i dagsläget erbjuder allt från supplementär logistik till att helt ersätta nationella arméer. Utgångspunkten i denna uppsats är att ta reda på vilka faktorer som har skapat en marknad för dessa företag generellt, samt vilka av dessa faktorer som kan förklara framväxten i Sverige specifikt. I uppsatsen undersöks befintlig forskning kring vad som drivit utvecklingen. Därefter kommer befintlig teori att prövas som förklaringsmodell för expansionen i Sverige. Den befintliga teorin som prövats på Sverige består av sju faktorer beskrivandes politiska och samhälleliga förutsättningar vilka förklarar expansionen. Av dessa återfinns samtliga i Sverige, men genom en analys av deras respektive giltighet i svensk kontext uppstår en mer nyanserad bild, där endast fyra av faktorerna är relevanta som förklaringar. Dessa är en transformation av försvarets fokus och organisation, en politisk trend av privatisering samt ett överflöd av militärt utbildad personal utan sysselsättning. Av dessa är den förstnämnda den starkaste katalysatorn medan den sistnämnda endast i viss mån påverkar den redan pågående expansionen.
Since the end of the Cold War a new phenomenon has shown in international conflict and war, worldwide. This phenomenon is the private companies nowadays offering supplementary logistics, armed troops to the front and everything in between. This essay aims to identify which factors that have contributed to the creating of a market for these companies in general, and which of these that can explain the growth of Swedish companies in particular. In the essay previous research on the topic of privatization of security are examined and thereafter applied onSwedenin order to examine to what extent it can be used to explain the changes inSweden. The existent theory applied onSwedenconsists of seven factors, describing political and social basis, which explain the expansion. All of these are found in Sweden, however, through a further analysis of their individual relevance, a more nuanced result can be seen, whereas only four out of seven are relevant as explanations. These are a transformation in defence focus and organization, a political trend of privatization and a flood of trained unemployed military personnel. The first one of these is the strongest catalyst for expansion while the latter only to a certain degree reinforces the already ongoing process.
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Cinti, Letizia. "Private Military Companies e Private Security Companies. Problemi di responsabilità internazionale degli Stati." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427198.

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The study has examined the privatization of military services, in particular the companies that offer military and security services on international scale. The first purpose of the study is to construct the legal framework through an exam of international norms applicable to the companies and to the States involved in their employment. Furthermore, we have considered the principal problems concerning the international responsibility of these states.
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Dumlupinar, Nihat. "Regulation of private military companies in Iraq." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDumlupinar.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bruneau, Thomas ; Ear, Sophal. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Private military companies, Private security companies, Civil-military relations, Regulation of private military companies, Contractors. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100). Also available in print.
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Giesen, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Private Military Companies im Völkerrecht / Stefan Giesen." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1108816622/34.

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Meyering, Alexander Barrett. "Military, Inc. Private Military Companies And State-Centrism In International Relations." Thesis, Department of Government and International Relations, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8871.

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This study sheds light on the relationship between military privatisation and state-centrism in international relations. The growth of the private military industry has led many to consider the operational implications of the military privatisation program, focusing on the merits of the industry and its inadequate regulation. Few have considered the ontological implications of military privatisation; that as the state outsources what many consider to be its core function and purpose – public security – military privatisation challenges the nature of the state and its central role in international relations. This thesis seeks to further the ontological argument by employing an English School approach to international relations. This approach allows for the puzzle to be interrogated at multiple levels and within three separate yet overlapping realms; the International System, International Society, and World Society. In contrast to existing research, I find that the state remains central to international relations. I conclude that although private military companies do not challenge the notion of state-centrism in international relations, the English School remains a powerful tool for exploring international phenomena. I also demonstrate the need for international relations theory to account for the changing identity of security actors and interplay between states.
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Galai, Katerina. "The use and regulation of private military companies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68194/.

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Books on the topic "Private military companies"

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Jäger, Thomas, and Gerhard Kümmel, eds. Private Military and Security Companies. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90313-2.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Foreign Affairs Committee. Private military companies: Written evidence. London: Stationery Office, 2003.

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Dunar, Charles J. Private military industry analysis: Private and public companies. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 2007.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Private military companies: Options for regulation. London: The Stationery Office, 2002.

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Spearin, Christopher. Private Military and Security Companies and States. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54903-3.

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Utesch, Philip. Private Military Companies, die zukünftigen Peacekeeper, Peace Enforcer? Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2014.

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(Netherlands), Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken. Employing private military companies: A question of responsibility. The Hague: AIV, Advisory Council on International Affairs, 2007.

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Xavier, Renou, ed. Peacekeeping or pillage?: Private military companies in Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2001.

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Kidwell, Deborah C. Public war, private fight?: The United States and private military companies. Fort Leavenworth, Kan: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2005.

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1951-, Alexandra Andrew, Baker Deane-Peter, and Caparini Marina, eds. Private military and security companies: Ethics, policies and civil-military relations. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Private military companies"

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Galai, Katerina. "Private military companies, a contemporary problem?" In Regulating Private Military Companies, 11–32. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465888-2.

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Cole, Celline, and Resy Vermeltfoort. "Private Military and Security Companies." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 67–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70827-0_10.

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Hoffman, Peter J. "Private military and security companies." In International Organization and Global Governance, 423–36. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315301914-35.

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Hoffman, Peter J. "Private military and security companies." In International Organization and Global Governance, 457–70. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003266365-38.

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Avant, Deborah. "Private Military and Security Companies." In Security Studies, 389–403. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003247821-27.

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Galai, Katerina. "Introduction." In Regulating Private Military Companies, 1–10. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465888-1.

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Galai, Katerina. "Conclusion." In Regulating Private Military Companies, 197–200. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465888-10.

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Galai, Katerina. "Private forces in different forms of governance." In Regulating Private Military Companies, 33–63. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465888-3.

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Galai, Katerina. "Mercenaries of the twentieth century and state responsibility." In Regulating Private Military Companies, 64–91. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465888-4.

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Galai, Katerina. "New wars, neoliberalism, and the rise of PMCs." In Regulating Private Military Companies, 92–113. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465888-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Private military companies"

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Liu, Renfang, Xianping Zhou, and Guyue Xiang. "Civil-Military Integration and Technical Innovation of Private Listed Companies." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.191225.048.

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Polischuk, Sergey. "The phenomenon of private military companies in the system of international humanitarian law." In Development of legal systems of Russia and foreign countries : problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02110-1-137-141.

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The article examines the place of private military and security companies involved in armed conflicts from the point of view of international humanitarian law and formulates proposals for determining their status.
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Dyshekov, Murat. "Private Military And Security Companies: Search For International Legal And National Laws." In International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Turkayev Hassan Vakhitovich. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.36.

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Simović, Slobodan, and Mihajlo Manić. "USLUGE PRIVATNOG OBEZBEĐENjA U SRBIJI – EKONOMSKI ZNAČAJ." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.145s.

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The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century are characterized by privatization of the public goods, border transparency is getting bigger, common market and primarily the basic functions of the state are getting weaker, which leads to weakening of her efficiency in law enforcement, as well as fragmentation of the security sector, which was traditionally in jurisdiction of the state. Pressed from all sides, political, economical and variety of different threats, processes and actors, countries have lost monopoly over conducting organized violence. The consequence of that process is that countries, some voluntarily, led by economic reasons, and some regarding political and security pressures, have given up their role of the ultimate legitimate provider and guarantor of security to the private military and security companies. Development of the private security sector, inside which private and non- state providers of security are functioning, elsewhere, excessively independent of the parent state, represent very significant moment in the development of the contemporary international relations, as well as for functioning the states themselves. Private security industry, private security companies and private military companies have built, in the world, industrial chain which is functioning freely on global market, and it is organized along permanent and firm corporation relations and it is constantly growing and getting stronger.
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Irina, Akimova. "Managing Russian Mega-Projects Amid Geopolitical Turbulence: Challenges and Opportunities for International Cooperation." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210866-ms.

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Abstract Beginning of 2022 was marked by unprecedented geopolitical turbulence between Russia and Ukraine which followed by military conflict and sanctions applied to major Russian companies and projects. Most of the international energy majors announced cutting ties with Russian state-owned and private companies and a number of mega oil and gas projects. Among them BP, Shell, Caterpillar, Eni, Equinor and others. Some mega projects were temporary put on hold but after a very short break continue its development. This conflict made serious pressure on gas prices in Europe and costs for many industrial and domestic consumers in EU. In spite of strained relationships, Russian companies still supply gas to EU according to existing long-term contracts and even were able to increase trade volumes to Asia. As Russia is still main gas supplier to EU and its very unlikely for EU to substitute such volumes in a short-term, so its very important for international gas market security to made assessments of this geopolitical turbulence on the market volatility.
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Kis Kelemen, Bence. "RESPONSIBILITY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS OF PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES ON EU BORDERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CONTRACTS OF THE EUROPEAN ASYLUM SUPPORT OFFICE." In EU 2020 – lessons from the past and solutions for the future. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/11900.

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Trajcevska, Daniela. "UNMANNED AIRCRAFT: CIVIL USE AND THREATS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.5.21.p11.

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In the last decade we have been witnessing the expansive development of the Unmanned Aircraft (UNR) in the world also known as “drones”. Initially, they were developed in the military sector during the World War II, but today they have a mass application for military and civilian goals. The Governments in the World usually use drones for reconnaissance, surveillance, or combined target acquisition and precision strikes, and they also carry out a wider range of tasks for commercial uses including transport in delivery of goods, agriculture, civil infrastructure inspection, search and rescue, aerial images and videos, wireless covering, for leisure use by private individuals, etc. In the Republic of North Macedonia about 1000 UNR are used by civilian personnel and companies;1 only 84 UNR were registered in the Civil Aviation Agency of the Republic of North Macedonia (CAA)2 during the last year. Most of the flights with UNR on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia are carried out more in urban areas than in rural, and 40% of the flights were made in Skopje from June to December 2018. In the upcoming years, following the world trends, the development of the UNR technology, the relatively low price (from few tens up to a hundred thousand of euros) and the big accessibility, will cause a rapid proliferation in the civil use of UARs in the country. Of course, the large diffusion of UARs raises a series of discussions about the security and privacy of the people and their property and risks to other airspace user. In this paper we will present an overview of UAVs applicability and potential threats in the civil sector in the Republic of North Macedonia. The main source of data are statistical data from CAA. Various contents (study papers, newspaper articles, interviews, guides, regulations, etc.) related to the civil use of UAVs and the threats of it, will be analyzed. Keywords: Unmanned Aircraft (UNR), drone, civil use of UNR, threat
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Zhang, Baobao, Markus Anderljung, Lauren Kahn, Noemi Dreksler, Michael C. Horowitz, and Allan Dafoe. "Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Machine Learning Researchers (Extended Abstract)." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/811.

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Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers play an important role in the ethics and governance of AI, including through their work, advocacy, and choice of employment. Nevertheless, this influential group's attitudes are not well understood, undermining our ability to discern consensuses or disagreements between AI/ML researchers. To examine these researchers' views, we conducted a survey of those who published in two top AI/ML conferences (N = 524). We compare these results with those from a 2016 survey of AI/ML researchers and a 2018 survey of the US public. We find that AI/ML researchers place high levels of trust in international organizations and scientific organizations to shape the development and use of AI in the public interest; moderate trust in most Western tech companies; and low trust in national militaries, Chinese tech companies, and Facebook. While the respondents were overwhelmingly opposed to AI/ML researchers working on lethal autonomous weapons, they are less opposed to researchers working on other military applications of AI, particularly logistics algorithms. A strong majority of respondents think that AI safety research should be prioritized more and a majority that ML institutions should conduct pre-publication review to assess potential harms. Being closer to the technology itself, AI/ML researchers are well placed to highlight new risks and develop technical solutions, so this novel data has broad relevance. The findings should help to improve how researchers, private sector executives, and policymakers think about regulations, governance frameworks, guiding principles, and national and international governance strategies for AI.
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9

Patrascu, Petrisor. "THE APPEARANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CYBER SECURITY STRATEGIES." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-222.

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In the last years, digital world have took a lot of importance applied on multiple fields, due to benefits, but also due to multiple number of users from both government and private companies. This development had involved a lot of risks and vulnerabilities. Nowadays a lot of vulnerabilities had been attacked, another ones had been tried to jeopardize and because of that were issued measurements for protection and cyber defense. The cyber security concept was generate by a permanent development of the information and communications technology, due to an increased number of users, due to an increased number of cyber threats and attacks and also due to the importance of this concept as an instrument of the national power strength. All through, the cyberspace became a field that applied to diplomatic, information, economic and military level of the global and country policy. The cyber security had an ascendant course started from technical discipline, developed to tactical level and finally reached strategically level of the powerful countries. Development of the cyber security became country policy and worldwide directives as a consequence of an increased number of threats and cyber-attacks. Because of those a lot of states took a lot of countermeasures to protect the national cyber infrastructure. Is observed that those countermeasures had been took when the cyber infrastructures were attacked or after that. Therefore, after these moments when cyber-attacks became a threat to critical cyber infrastructure, worldwide countries started to take in consideration that prevention is the basement of the cyber security and started to develop strategies and some of these states applied laws of cyber security.
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10

Placinta, Dimitriedaniel. "THE IMPACT OF AI/MACHINE LEARNING IN EDUCATION." In eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-004.

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5G, cloud computing, quantum computing, machine learning, blockchain, artificial intelligence, all are high technologies that change the way we are living, working into multiconnected world: social networks, intelligent houses, autonomous cars, fintech, remote health, instant communication, etc. An essential aspect for the above disrupted technologies is generated by cybersecurity, by the relationship between national security and the implementation at large scale of 5G. The 5G technology became the number one threat for USA, NATO, and European Union. Europe became the playground where the winner between Huawei and its competitors for 5G adoption will be decided. Quantum computing will dramatically change the entire cybersecurity in the next years due to its power and speed in decrypting the today's strongest cryptographic algorithms, intelligence services, large organizations, the entire world will benefit from the advantages of the new revolutionary technology, for sure new cryptographic algorithms will be implemented to secure our data. Blockchain features increased the level of cybersecurity for a lot of activities like cryptocurrencies, money transfer, data tracking, securing of large amount of data for companies or governments, protecting highly sensitive information from the military field, defending against external cyber threats, ensuring the data integrity of IoT devices, etc. Artificial intelligence it's a weapon with two blades, both cybercriminals and "white hats" are fructifying the capabilities of this technology: avoid the identification of attacks, launch automatic attacks, build undetectable content to pass the security filters, biometric authentication, predict future cyber-attacks, identify abnormal behaviors, fraud detection, mistake free cybersecurity, etc. The paper will synthetize and present the latest research from the cybersecurity field: the new cyber threats for international security, how can we fight against cyber threats at national, European and international level, what are the most dangerous international key players of cybercrime world, what is the financial impact of cybercrime, why classic war has moved into the cyberspace, why is GDPR important from the cybersecurity perspective. The continuous evolution of technologies will generate new exponential challenges related to secure communication between multiple software integrations, data privacy, right of intimacy, encryption of information, for users, companies, governments, international regulation bodies, non-government organizations, as a consequence of the huge number of connected devices and people.
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Reports on the topic "Private military companies"

1

Dunar, III, Mitchell Charles J., Robbins Jared L., and Donald L. III. Private Military Industry Analysis: Private and Public Companies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada475797.

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2

Efflandt, Scott L. Under Siege: How Private Security Companies Threaten the Military Profession. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589194.

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3

BACCELLI, François, Sébastien CANDEL, Guy PERRIN, and Jean-Loup PUGET. Large Satellite Constellations: Challenges and Impact. Académie des sciences, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62686/3.

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The New Space Age (NewSpace) marks the advent of a new era in the use of space, characterized by the opening of space to new players, the use of new space technologies, new functionalities for satellites in orbit, and the development of satellite constellations, mainly in the fields of communications and Earth observation. These developments are underpinned by first-rate scientific and technological advances, as well as considerable public and private investment, in particular in the USA, China and, to a lesser extent, Europe. Fleets of small low- and medium-orbit satellites are replacing or complementing the large geostationary satellites that predominated in the previous period. Whereas space used to be reserved to a small number of states and major industrial groups, one is now witnessing the emergence of new space states, new industrial groups such as SpaceX or Amazon, and many start-ups. One also observes the emergence of companies with launching and satellite manufacturing capacities, which are also taking on the role of telecommunication operators and content producers. The most visible result of the deployment of these new space networks is the ability to provide high-speed, low-latency Internet connections to any point on the globe. Combined with Earth observation capabilities, these new communications resources also enable real-time action to be taken in any region, including those with no equipment other than terminals. In addition, these space networks are remarkably resilient compared with terrestrial networks. Geostrategic and military considerations combine with rapidly evolving business models to explain the massive investments currently being made in this domain. However, the lack of international regulation in the field is leading to a race to occupy orbits and frequencies, which has already had serious consequences for a whole range of scientific activities. These constellations have a potentially negative impact on astronomy in the visible and infrared optical domains, as well as on radio astronomy. They also raise a major problem in terms of space congestion, with an increase in the amounts of satellite debris resulting from launches or collisions between satellites, and the possibility of reaching a phase of chain reaction collisions. In addition, from an environmental point of view, the consequences of the proliferation of launches and uncontrolled re-entries into the atmosphere are equally worrying. What’s more, the lack of regulation in the field also leads to a loss of sovereignty, since these new satellite communication networks do not comply with any of the rules that states impose on terrestrial communication networks operating on their territories. A sustainable, global solution must be found to these problems, before major and potentially irreversible damage is inflicted on the planet’s environment, geostrategic balances, democracy, and science. While the Acad´emie des Sciences considers that France and Europe need to step up their scientific and industrial actions in this field in order to benefit from the remarkable advances of these new networks, and ultimately leverage the benefits of a resilient and secure communications network, the Acad´emie also recommends working in parallel to strengthen regulation of the field with the aim of assuring sustainable access to orbital and frequency resources, as well as protection for negatively impacted fields, foremost among which are astronomy and the environment.
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