Journal articles: 'Private military companies'

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Nebolsina, Maria A. "Private Military and Security Companies." Russia in Global Affairs 17, no. 2 (2019): 76–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2019-17-2-76-106.

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Renou, Xavier. "Private Military Companies Against Development." Oxford Development Studies 33, no. 1 (March 2005): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600810500099717.

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Kinsey, Christopher. "Private military companies: options for regulation." Conflict, Security & Development 2, no. 03 (December 2002): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14678800200590624.

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JONES, CLIVE. "Private Military Companies as ‘Epistemic Communities’." Civil Wars 8, no. 3-4 (September 2006): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698240601060660.

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Vestner, Tobias. "Targeting Private Military and Security Companies." Military Law and the Law of War Review 57, no. 2 (December 2019): 251–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2019.02.02.

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Shishmonin, Sergey Vladimirovich. "EVOLUTION OF PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES IN THE WORLD." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 9 (2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-9-107-113.

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In a rapidly changing and unstable situation on the world stage, private military companies are present and developing very effectively in the military sphere. Relation to private military companies is a relatively new actors in the military sphere, is not clear. The history of formation and development of these organizations is short, but very bright. Mercenarism and prototypes of private military companies were known in ancient times. We show the evolution of private military companies from mercenaries to modern companies. In the modern sense of the term private military companies began to be actively created only in the middle of the 20th century. European states, in particular, the United States, played an active role in these processes. This state also went down in history as the first legally regulate the activities of military companies. In just over half a century, private military companies have been involved in many military conflicts and have proven to be a highly mobile and versatile tool for addressing geopolitical and state tasks. Since the early of 21th century, international private corporations and enterprises have become interested in the services of these organizations. The private-military segment of the market is developing very actively and steadily in the conditions of the modern world situation.

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Savka, O. I. "Criminal law regulation of private military and security companies in the USA." TRANSFORMATION LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS DOCTRINAL APPROACHES AND MEASUREMENTS, no. 14 (September 1, 2023): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2023-14-321-330.

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The article examines the criminal law regulation of private military and security companies in the United States. The genesis of the emergence of private military and security companies, their functions and principles of activity are considered. The author analyzes the legislative framework that defines the status and position of private military and security companies in the United States. The legal relations of US government agencies with private military and security companies are studied. The author analyzes the US regulations on the joint activities of the US Department of Defense, the Department of Justice and the Department of State on the joint policy governing the powers of private military and security companies, namely, the mechanism of command and control over employees of private military and security companies, including in the collection and analysis of intelligence information. The author identifies topical issues of criminal law regulation of activities and liability of private military and security companies in the United States. The article examines the doctrines of liability that have, in one way or another, provided private military and security companies with the opportunity to protect themselves from prosecution in American courts. Some of the liability rules relate to the immunity of the State from prosecution in any court, both domestic and foreign, which have been repeatedly applied by the United States. Key words: private military companies in the USA, private security companies in the USA, criminal law regulation, regulatory acts of the USA, principles of activity.

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Shadzhe, Azamat M., Eduard M. Afamgotov, and Inna N. Gaidareva. "PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES: LEGAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION." Russian Studies in Law and Politics 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2576-9634-2023-2-16-27.

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Article is devoted to the problems of development of private military companies in Russia. It shows the practice of private military companies in the current political situation in the world. The phenomenon of private military companies (PMCs) is a rather controversial and ambiguous topic. Over the past more than thirty years, PMCs have played an increasingly important role in local wars and regional conflicts. With further globalization of the world economy, the role of PMCs in future wars and armed conflicts will be increasing. The authors study international documents regulating the activities of these organizations. They point out the necessity of adopting a law to allow this type of activity on the territory of the Russian Federation. Private military companies actually exist within the country and their legalization would allow to introduce their activities into the legal field. Private military companies influence the sphere of human rights, is connected with corruption and dishonest performance of obligations in implementation of contracts. The penalties for establishing and participating in illegal armed groups are shown. The possibilities of their application, both in Russia and abroad, are highlighted.

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Manoilo, A. V., and A. Ya Zaytsev. "International Legal Status of Private Military Companies." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 90, no. 1 (January 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331620010098.

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Ryngaert, C. "Litigating Abuses Committed by Private Military Companies." European Journal of International Law 19, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 1035–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chn056.

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Rogozhina, Evgeniya Mikhailovna, Igor' Valer'evich Ryzhov, and Roman Nikolaevich Sokolov. "Specificity of work of private military companies in the XXI century (on the example of Near East)." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 4 (April 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2020.4.34041.

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  This article is dedicated to examination of the phenomenon of private military companies as a regional actor of security. Leaning on the analysis of international normative legal documents, the authors derive the definition of private military companies due to the fact that neither academic nor applied spheres have precise understanding of this phenomenon. The key research method is the structural and functional analysis, which allows authors considering the object of study from the perspective of various systems of actors. With the increased demand for private military services, private military companies gradually shift from the category of organizations serving military operations to the category of full-fledged independent military organizations that are capable of fulfilling the functions of regular army. For the past two decades, the market for private military services has grown from $ 55 billion to over $200 billion in 2010. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive overview of various aspects and trends that take place in the market of private military services, as well as in classification of motives and consequences of usage of private military companies in armed missions. The authors discuss the question of international legal status of private military companies, provide practical examples of their activity with the prolonged consequences for regional systems of international relations, analyze the mechanisms of use of these companies in the current context, as well as synthesize the key factors of the increased demand for their services. The absence of regulation of the work of private military companies and ambiguous status of their employees in international law make it virtually impossible to impose international responsibility upon them.  

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Петров, Владислав, and Vladislav Petrov. "Psychological characteristics of the activities of private military companies." Applied psychology and pedagogy 3, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b1ee0e6b670a3.92123818.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological characteristics of private military companies. The phenomena "private military company" and "mercenary" are considered. The Genesis of mercenary activity in the military sphere is investigated. Systematized main modern function of hired troops, as well as the psychological characteristics of mercenarism. The limitations of scientific researches in the field of psychology of activity of private military companies are shown. The author substantiates the thesis that the mercenary is permeated with psychological problems. To improve the military-professional activity of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation the author substantiates the need to develop a wide range of scientific and applied issues, such as the personality of mercenaries, the system of motivating the activities of mercenaries, the specifics of interpersonal relations among mercenaries, etc. the Study of psychological aspects of mercenaries will create additional advantages of domestic military psychology, as well as improve psychological work with the military.

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Cameron, Lindsey. "Private military companies: their status under international humanitarian law and its impact on their regulation." International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 863 (September 2006): 573–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383106000683.

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AbstractStates are increasingly hiring private military companies to act in zones where armed conflicts are occurring. The predominant feeling in the international community is that it would be best to regulate such companies. Cognizant of much confusion as to the status of the employees of private military companies under international humanitarian law, this article explains the laws on mercenaries, combatants and civilians and explores how private military companies' employees may fall into any of those categories. It demonstrates that the concept of mercenarism is unhelpful for regulating these companies and that it is unlikely that many of the employees of these companies can be considered to have combatant status. The article considers possible consequences of private military companies' employees having the status of civilians under international humanitarian law and their potential impact on regulating these companies effectively.

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Wither, James K. "European Security and Private Military Companies: The Prospects for Privatized ‘Battlegroups’." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 04, no. 2 (2005): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.04.2.14.

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Al Shehhi, Maryam. "Private military security companies in the Middle East and North Africa." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2023): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2023-2-233-248.

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The current increase in the use of private military and security companies (PMSCs) that have spread significantly both globally and within the MENA region is often viewed through a black and white lens. PMSCs have mainly been looked at through their role in combat operations, while the wide and diverse range of their services such as logistics, intelligence, and security consultation is often ignored or does not get sufficient attention. The array of actors (PMSCs and players who interact with them) and services provided creates a complex picture, making it sometimes hard to grasp the effectiveness of these companies. This article attempts to provide a clearer vision of the effects that the PMSCs have on the overall stability in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). By outlining different actors and the main tasks carried out by the PMSCs the article explores whether their presence in the MENA has a negative or positive effect on the security and stability in the region.

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Shishmonin, Sergey Vladimirovich. "Private military companies: problems and prospects of legal regulation in Russian Federation." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 10 (2019): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-10-235-242.

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In today’s world in a market economy condition and a complex geopolitical situation quite actively began to develop private military companies. However, the activity of these companies is a very urgent problem of legislative consolidation. We show European experience of private military companies legislative regulation. Especially great success in this field has reached the country, which is the main consumer of military companies services - the United States. However, this issue is becoming more and more urgent for Russia. On the territory of Russia there is a kind of “de facto”: private military companies exist, their activities are not regulated, and all this in the conditions of a legislative ban on mercenarism. Therefore, the need for legislative regulation of the military organizations activities expressed by many representatives of state power. The adoption of the law on private military companies would be a very relevant and safe way to legalize the private military companies activities. We show the main directions of possible decisions implementation by representatives of state bodies of Russia. Small steps in this direction have been taken, however, a full-fledged law has not been adopted at the moment, and the prospects for the implementation of bills in this direction are quite vague.

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Chen, Sining. "A study of the institutional structure of China's overseas establishment of private military companies." International Journal of Global Economics and Management 2, no. 3 (April 25, 2024): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijgem.v2n3.34.

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Private military companies provide specialized military knowledge, skills and military services of all kinds to the State sector and its governmental agencies (including the military forces to which they belong), international organizations, commercial enterprises and so on. With the development of economic globalization and changes in the international situation, their role in the international arena is becoming increasingly important. For this reason, the gradual development of China's system for the establishment of overseas private military companies on the basis of the experience gained from the establishment of private military companies in other extra-territorial countries deserves greater attention and recognition.

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Denisov, R. A., and R. S. Ayriyan. "Private Military Companies. Situation in the World Ocean." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 2 (206) (July 6, 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2020-2-39-44.

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The article analyzes the policy of private military companies, their capabilities and actions in the oceans. Emphasis is given to the compliance of companies with international law of the sea. The article indicates main directions of PMC activities in the oceans and their most popular functionality. An attempt to reveal the main problems of companies in this area, which impede their free activity was made. In conclusion, the most conflictogenic zones were identified and, as well as the areas where functional companies would be useful, were identified.

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Shalak, Alexander, and Dmitry Tretyakov. "The Role of Chinese Private Military Companies in the Implementation of One Belt One Road Initiative." Russian and Chinese Studies 6, no. 2 (September 26, 2022): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2022.6(2).77-83.

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The study used historical and geopolitical approaches to examine the dialectical relationship of the activities of private military companies and security firms in China in implementing global economic projects of the People’s Republic of China. We identified the features of the formation and evolution of private military companies in China. The study analyzed the role of private military companies in the implementation of the «One Belt, One Road» initiative. It is important to note that the Chinese leadership is well aware of the importance of private military companies in the implementation of the country’s economic projects and acts in this direction consistently, while maintaining state control over their activities. Currently, China’s private military firms play an important role not only in the implementation of economic projects of the state, but also in protecting the interests of business and citizens of the People’s Republic of China.

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Skuratova, A. Yu, and E. E. Korolkova. "Private military and security companies in international law." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2020-4-81-94.

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INTRODUCTION. The article analyses the sources of international law, national legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as that of certain foreign States regulating the operation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflict. The article highlights the out-comes of the work of the UN Special Rapporteurs and Working Groups to study the activity of PMSCs and the impact it had on the observance of human rights. The authors further analyze the status of PMSC personnel under international humanitarian law. The article also looks at the positions expressed by the delegations of Member States during the discussion of the 2010 Draft Convention on Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and provides recommendations for developing an appropriate international regulatory framework. The authors also examined State practice of the implementation of the The Montreux Document on Pertinent International Legal Obligations and Good Practices for Statesт Related to Operations of Private Military and Security Companies During Armed Conflict related to the operation of private military and security companies during armed conflict.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article contains an analysis of the main sources of international law, the documents drafted by the United Nations International Law Commission, special rapporteurs and working groups on the matter, and State practice. It also addresses Russian and foreign legal scholarship. From a methodological perspective, this study relied on the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systemic approach) and private legal methods of knowledge (formal-legal, comparative legal studies).RESEARCH RESULTS. Based on the study, it is argued that an international treaty should be adopted to regulate the activities of PMSCs, which would establish mechanisms to monitor and hold PMSCs and their employees legally accountable.

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Saifullin, E. "Private military and security companies and international law." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2018): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2018-2-51-63.

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Spearin, Christopher. "NATO, Russia and Private Military and Security Companies." RUSI Journal 163, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1494676.

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Malamud, Marina. "Private Military and Security Companies in UN Missions." Peace Review 26, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2014.972275.

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Zabci, Filiz. "Private military companies: ‘Shadow soldiers’ of neo-colonialism." Capital & Class 31, no. 2 (July 2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981680709200101.

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Bures, Oldrich. "Private military companies: A second best peacekeeping option?" International Peacekeeping 12, no. 4 (December 2005): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533310500201951.

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Cilliers, Jakkie. "A role for private military companies in peacekeeping?" Conflict, Security & Development 2, no. 03 (December 2002): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14678800200590626.

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Fahn, Matthias, and Tahmina Hadjer. "Optimal contracting with private military and security companies." European Journal of Political Economy 37 (March 2015): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.10.004.

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Adams, Thomas K. "Private Military Companies: Mercenaries for the 21st Century." Small Wars & Insurgencies 13, no. 2 (August 2002): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592310208559181.

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Salavatov, Ilyas K. "Political-Semantic Analysis of Private Military Companies Concept." Общество: политика, экономика, право, no. 7 (July 19, 2023): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/pep.2023.7.5.

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The issue of private military companies is a subject of scientific and public debates due to their controversial legal status and the range of moral and ethical dilemmas of PMC use. The research aims to reveal and cover the meanings attributed to the concept through stage-by-stage deconstruction analysis. Besides the traditional text analysis, the research introduces related notions collection method via artificial intelligence language model, which contributes to a more detailed study of the issue and represents experimental AI technologies use in political research. The paper highlights the instrumental application of meanings attributed to the PMC concept, questions the appropriateness of terminology and reveals the key problem nodes related to the notion.

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Tutunarov, Hristo. "Bulgarians’ Motivation for Participation in Private Military Companies." Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics 2, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2022.2.02.

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Private military companies are becoming increasingly popular; their manpower is higher than the manpower of some national armies. Nevertheless, they still exist in the shadows and are often called “shadow armies”. Recently PMC have been participating in various military conflicts including the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine. National armies are losing manpower because soldiers prefer to join private military companies. When such companies recruit staff internationally, they directly weaken the national armies because the PMC contractors are mostly ex-militaries and ex-police staff. PMCs could promote the interests of the countries from where they originate and there can be a strong link with the state despite the private nature of PMC. In this case, mercenaries contribute to the foreign policy of their own countries and their motivation is affected accordingly. The article aims at outlining the motives of Bulgarian citizens to join international private military companies, thus shedding light on this under-researched problem. It is usually considered that PMC contractors’ motives are mostly related to profit. However, there are other strong motivations that need examination. It is argued that their motivation depends on both personal characteristics, as well as on the environmental factors (social, economic, political) in contractors’ state of origin.

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Soares, Salvador, and David Price. "REGULATING PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES (PSCs) AND PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES (PMCs) UNDER THE LAW OF TIMORLESTE." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 26, no. 3 (February 8, 2015): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16035.

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Use of Private Security Companies (PSCs) and Private Military Companies (PMCs) in conflict and post-conflict countries has been the subject of ongoing critical discussion among scholars and media for many years. This paper assesses the legal status and responsibilities of PSCs and PMCs, and their operation in Timor-Leste where they are not properly regulated. It examines key legal issues, such as their definition and roles, scope and limits of operations, approved and prohibited activities, accountability, and monitoring. The paper also examines the impact of PSCs and PMCs on Timor-Leste law and society and offers astatutory framework for their management and regulation. Implementasi Private Security Companies (PSCs) dan Private Military Companies (PMCs) dalam negara yang sedang berkonflik dan pasca berkonflik telah menjadi subjek pembahasan penting diantara akademisi dan media massa selama bertahun-tahun. Penulisan ini akan menilai status hukum dan kewajiban PSCs dan PMCs, dan pelaksanaan kerja kedua lembaga tersebut di Timor-Leste dimana belum ada pengaturan yang mumpuni. Penulisan ini menganalisa isu-isu krusial mengenai beberapa pengaturan, seperti definisi dan peran, batasan dan ruang lingkup kerja, aktivitas yang diperbolehkan dan yang dilarang, akuntabilitas, serta pengawasan. Penulisan ini juga menganalisa implikasi dari PSCs dan PMCs di tatanan hukum dan masyarakat Timor-Leste, serta menawarkan sebuah kerangka undang-undang untuk manajerial dan pengaturan kedua lembaga tersebut.

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Trunov, I. L. "Private military companies. Economic and legal aspects of activity." Bulletin of Russian academy of natural sciences 23, no. 4 (2023): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52531/1682-1696-2023-23-4-93-98.

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The article discusses the issues of legal regulation of the activities of private military companies. The author examines the growth of the Private Military Companies (PMC) industry as an instrument of armed conflicts and war. The article provides an analysis of the concept of «mercenarism» contained in various regulatory legal acts, as well as the responsibility provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Examples of individual countries and international organizations have been given to create international legal norms regulating PMCs. The Montreux document is one of them. The author also discusses the development and adoption of the “International Convention on Private Security and Military Companies” in today’s multipolar world on the platform of the largest and rapidly growing interstate association BRICS. According to the author, Russia, as a global international subject of the world community, should participate in the adoption and amendment of international legislation with the aim of civilized legal regulation of the activities of private military companies.

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Khan, Dr Muhammad Asif, Dr Muhammad Fayaz, and Umar Niaz Khan. "Liability of the Private Military Companies for Violations of International Humanitarian Law." Journal of Law & Social Studies 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.04.02.247261.

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In the wake of the privatization of war, new international players known as private military companies have been given the opportunity to actively engage in many armed conflicts throughout the world. They provide a variety of services such as combat services, logistical support, operational support, intelligence, border monitoring, and providing security guards in exchange for monetary compensation. During armed conflicts workers of these military companies can violate international law, including provisions of international humanitarian law. Under the international humanitarian law, the individual criminal responsibility exists to be applied on the employees of these firms, but the international legal framework is unable to identify the liability of these private military companies. Especially, the idea of criminal corporate liability for these companies is nonexistent. This research paper proposes that the idea of corporate criminal responsibility should be introduced at the state level, with the goal of holding Private Military Companies accountable for breaches of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Laws. In addition, it is also argued that the special regulations are required to govern private military companies.

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Jefferies, Ian D. "Private Military Companies-A Positive Role to Play in Today’s International System." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 01, no. 4 (2002): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.01.4.08.

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Singh Gautam, Vijaya, and Vijay Mishra. "Revisiting the Legal Framework for Private Military and Security Contractors: Maritime Perspective." Groningen Journal of International Law 8, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.8.1.166-182.

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The paper aims to analyse legal lacunas and suggest possible solutions for the acts and wrongdoings of Private Military and Security Companies within the lens of maritime activities. The paper has been divided into three parts. Part I deals with the necessity and role of Private Military and Security Companies in the present times. Part II discusses the legal status of Private Military and Security Companies and ways of ensuring responsibility for their acts. Part III examines the legal framework for the acts of Private Maritime Security Companies. An assessment of the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL), state responsibility, applicability of the Montreux document and efforts such as GUARDCON have been discussed to highlight the inadequacy of the laws on Private Maritime Security Companies. There has been an upsurge in the employment of Private Maritime Security Companies since 2008 to cope with a myriad of problems at sea including piracy and robbery. However, an umbrella of rules including employment procedures, agreements, training techniques, responsibility in peacetime as well as in times of conflict and the guidelines of IHL must be restructured or enhanced in order to be made applicable to Private Maritime Security Companies.

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Krivokapić, Boris. "PRAVNO UREĐENJE POLOŽAJA PRIVATNIH VOJNIH KOMPANIJA." FBIM Transactions 9, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12709/fbim.09.09.01.06.

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In our time, private military and security companies, known as private military companies (PVK), are becoming increasingly important. Their growing number, increasing financial and armed strength, the fact that they employ an increasing number of people, and especially the very nature of their business in terms of providing services in the field of security, intelligence, weapons, logistics, etc., up to direct participation in armed operations, even those outside the borders of the state in which they are based, lead to the fact that these entities have an increasing role not only in events within individual states but also in international relations. After a brief review of the concept of PVK and some of the legal issues related to them, the author deals with the problem of international regulation of the position of PVK at the universal and regional level and considers the Montreux Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers and some other documents. The author concludes that everything indicates that it is necessary to create new international legal frameworks at the universal level as soon as possible, which would regulate the most important issues such as defining the most important terms; unification of conditions and ways for the establishment, licensing, and registration of PVK; rights and obligations of PVK and their staff; international supervision of PVK and their staff; the responsibility of all actors involved; the difference between a PVK staff member and a mercenary; rules related to the crossing of PVK weapons and equipment across state borders, etc. For now, much remains controversial - what and how should be regulated by a universal international treaty, who should be its members, what mechanisms of international supervision should be provided for, etc., and even on whether it is at all necessary at this time.

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Stryzhak, I. V., and L. A. Filianina. "PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES: THE PHENOMENON OF MILITARY POLICY OF THE 21ST CENTURY." Comparative-analytical law, no. 6 (2019): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0390/2019.6.129.

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Perrin, Benjamin. "Searching for Accountability: The Draft UN International Convention on the Regulation, Oversight, and Monitoring of Private Military and Security Companies." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 47 (2010): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009899.

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SummaryThe proliferation of private military and security companies has attracted significant public and scholarly attention during the last decade. This comment examines the United Nations Draft International Convention on the Regulation, Oversight and Monitoring of Private Military and Security Companies (Draft Convention). It discusses the significance of the Draft Convention and then describes the approach taken to the regulation of this controversial topic. Several problematic elements of the Draft Convention are identified including the definition of prohibited activities, State responsibility for the conduct of private military and security companies and the proposed International Criminal Court referral mechanism. Finally, specific policy recommendations are made for the government of Canada as a home state and contracting state of private military and security services, irrespective of the progress of negotiations on the Draft Convention.

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Cauia, Alexandr, and Corina Zacon. "Historical evolution of private military and security companies (part II)." Administrarea Publica, no. 4(116) (July 2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1813-8489.2022.4(116).05.

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In the contemporary period, especially after the Cold War, private military and security companies are developing at a fast pace, and international legal regulations are non-existent. The presence of employees of private military and security companies in the grey zones and in military operations is a reality. The legal regulation of the status of these companies, the types and essence of the services provided, as well as the legal mechanism for prosecuting employees seriously infringing the provisions of international humanitarian law is an imperative need for the international regulatory process and a challenge for the science of international humanitarian law.

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Jakabovič, Lukáš, and Pavel Nečas. "Political and Military Implications of Private Military Contractors in Russia." Politické vedy 26, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/politickevedy.2023.26.4.36-54.

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The topic, which is of personal interest, makes an impression that contractors are only a marginal part of the modern security studies, the academic community of international relations and the public interest. The world is in constant evolution, dominated by more urgent topics and the previous ones are pushed into the background, which specifically in this case poses a great threat. Article focuses on the issue of private military contractors as an alternative to modern privatisation of military and overview of their main differences to the known mercenaries, ethics, and their restrictions with the aim to showcase timelessness and adequate usability of these contractors with the focus on characterising the Russian Private Military Companies and their recent operations. We intend to look at the role of Russian Private Military Contractors and analyse the possible impact that these companies may have and continuously still have in the sphere of international relations and security studies. We offer an updated viewpoint on their place in the current global governance order, and we showcase why and how have they achieved their status. Such findings are crucial for understanding the role of non-state actors in the current security environment.

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41

Patel, Faiza. "Regulating Private Military and Security Companies: A Comprehensive Solution." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 107 (2013): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.107.0201.

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42

Krahmann, Elke. "Regulating Private Military Companies: What Role for the EU?" Contemporary Security Policy 26, no. 1 (April 2005): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523260500116091.

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43

Andreopoulos, George, and Shawna Brandle. "Revisiting the Role of Private Military and Security Companies." Criminal Justice Ethics 31, no. 3 (December 2012): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0731129x.2012.743339.

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Baker, Deane-Peter, and Sabelo Gumedze. "Private military/security companies and human security in Africa." African Security Review 16, no. 4 (December 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2007.9627440.

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Hoppe, C. "Passing the Buck: State Responsibility for Private Military Companies." European Journal of International Law 19, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 989–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chn074.

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Dong, Guk-In, and Tae-Yeon Hwang. "A Study on Political Feasibility for The Introduction of Private Military Companies: Focusing on Combat Training." Korean Society of Private Security 22, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2023.22.1.29.

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The reason military organizations exist is to win wars. In general, in most countries around the world, military organizations are the most powerful organizations. In normal times, the core function of the military organization is the national security function of protecting territorial sovereignty and the life, safety and property of the people. From ancient times until now, military organizations have a habit of being operated exclusively by those who have the power to effectively rule them. Since ancient times, a country or group has not allowed another military organization that does not follow the chain of command. However, there have been other military organizations since B.C., such as mercenary units with a form of private security for warfare and maintaining power. In the past, it was not very difficult to dispatch military organizations to fight an allied war. However, even if the state decides the current situation, it is not easy to decide even if there is a national interest because of domestic political situation and public opinion, international public opinion, special relationship of national view, and various circumstances. In particular, it is clear that the dispatch of combat organizations is a very difficult choice for countries that are not directly involved in national interests, even if they are allies. Private military companies appeared to solve these problems. Private military companies are absolutely necessary in the future to maximize effectiveness in war, which is the goal of military organizations. Therefore, this study suggests the feasibility of the transfer of military organizations to the private sector at a time when private military companies are developing internationally, improving the combat capability of military organizations, expanding the freedom of choice of occupation as a military company, and The goal is to secure political legitimacy for the advancement of the defense industry and secure justification in the international order by entering the country. In this study, the necessity of a private military company for the transfer of a military organization to the private sector was investigated, and the positive and negative functions of the transfer of the military organization to the private sector were examined. It will help with introduction and development. This study has limitations in generalization because it differs depending on the economic situation such as national defense of each country.

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47

CAUIA, Alexandr, and Corina ZACON. "HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES (PART I)." Administrarea Publica, no. 3(115) (October 2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1813-8489.2022.3(115).04.

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From the earliest civilizations to the Middle Ages, in addition to the participation of mercenaries in hostilities, the presence of well-organized private structures that acted for material benefits, regardless of the nature and purpose of the armed conflict, can be highlighted. The Middle Ages are considered to be the period in which private structures made up of well-trained people reached their peak. Some states have built their own private military and security companies to meet their colonial claims. This article reflects on the historical evolution of the place and role of private structures in armed conflict, aiming at the complex analysis of this phenomenon.

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Ivasechko, Olha, and Tetiana Bondar. "Private Military Companies in Russian Foreign Policy: 2014–2023 Years." Humanitarian Vision 10, no. 1 (June 5, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/shv2024.01.001.

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The article focuses on the activities of private military companies (PMCs) of the russian federation as a tool for implementing its foreign policy and geopolitical goals. The main reasons for the creation of PMCs in russia, their evolution and key stages of activity have been identified. The peculiarities of the formation of russian PMCs and the state involvement in the training of company personnel at the initial stage have been analysed. The article also outlines the imperialist policy of the russian federation, which led to the transformation of private military companies into a part of the regular army of the russian federation. Particular attention has been paid to the goals of russia’s current foreign policy, as well as to moscow’s geopolitical interests in the Middle East, Africa and the post-Soviet countries. Information on the involvement of private military companies of the russian federation in international armed conflicts in the above-mentioned regions as an element of the implementation of russia’s foreign policy has been highlighted. In addition, the article presents examples of the use of russian PMCs to achieve foreign policy goals and maintain russian influence in regions important for it. The prospects for the existence of russia’s private military companies in the coming years have been defined. In particular, the possibility of transforming PMCs into a part of the structure of the russian armed forces, which may end their activities as separate armed formations, has been analysed. It has been summarised that private military companies of the russian federation have become the main instrument for the implementation of russia’s foreign policy in geopolitically important regions for it. The question whether their involvement in the military conflicts in Syria and Libya and the unleashed war against Ukraine were successful for the russian federation in the implementation of the tasks set has been also analysed. It has been concluded that the existence of PMCs is a serious threat to international security, and therefore there is an urgent need to take measures to prevent their further activities.

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Perrin, Benjamin. "Promoting compliance of private security and military companies with international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 863 (September 2006): 613–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383106000713.

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AbstractPrivate security and military companies have become a ubiquitous part of modern armed conflict and post-conflict reconstruction. Their diverse clients include governments in the developed and developing world alike, non-state belligerents, international corporations, non-governmental organizations, the United Nations, and private individuals. The implications of this proliferation of private security and military companies for international humanitarian law and human rights are only beginning to be appreciated, as potential violations and misconduct by their employees have come to light in Iraq and Afghanistan. The author critically examines the theoretical risks posed by private military and security company activity with respect to violations of international humanitarian law and human rights, together with the incentives that these companies have to comply with those norms. Empirical evidence is also presented to expand on this theoretical framework. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, the author draws on law, international relations theory, criminology, economics, corporate strategy and political economy, as well as psychology and sociology, to analyse the competing “risk-factors” and “compliance levers” that interact at each level of private military and security company activity to enhance or reduce the likelihood of a violation occurring. These findings are then applied by the author to assess emergent measures to deal with private security and military companies outside the legal sphere, including a programme of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the advent of the International Peace Operations Association.

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Olszanecka, Natalia. "Rosyjskie prywatne firmy wojskowe i ich rola w polityce wewnętrznej i zagranicznej." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 74, no. 2 (2022): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2022.74.07.

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Russia’s use of private military companies has strengthened in recent years, reflecting lessons learned from past actions, an expansive mindset and a desire for economic, geopolitical and military benefits. Military operations in Ukraine, starting from 2014, were one of the first tests for PMC. Since then, the Russians have perfected their model of operation. Even though the activities of private contractors are illegal under the Russian Constitution, they play an important role in pursuing Russian interests, mainly abroad. They weaken US influence and support Russia’s geopolitical, military and economic interests. They are present in as many as 30 countries on four continents. The purpose of this article is to define the role of Russian private military companies in the internal and external policy of the Russian Federation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Private military companies'

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