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Ballapuram, Vijayanand Sreenivasan. "Impact of Queuing Schemes and VPN on the Performance of a Land Mobile Radio VoIP System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33033.
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Land mobile radio (LMR) systems are used for communication by public safety and other government and commercial organizations. LMR systems offer mission-critical or even life-critical service in the day-to-day activities of such organizations. Traditionally, a variety of different LMR systems have been deployed by different organizations, leading to a lack of radio interoperability. A voice application that connects LMR systems via a packet-switched network is called an LMR Voice over IP (LMRVoIP) system and is a potential solution to the interoperability problem. LMRVoIP systems are time critical, i.e., are delay and jitter sensitive. Transmission of LMRVoIP traffic in a congested packet-switched network with no quality of service (QoS) or priority mechanisms in place could lead to high delays and extreme variations in delay, i.e., high jitter, thus resulting in poor application performance. LMRVoIP systems may also have performance issues with the use of virtual private networks (VPNs). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no prior thorough investigation of the performance of an LMRVoIP system with different queuing schemes for QoS and with the use of VPN. In this thesis, we investigate the performance of an LMRVoIP system with different queuing schemes and with the use of VPN.
An experimental test bed was created to evaluate four QoS queuing schemes: first-in first-out queuing (FIFO), priority queuing (PQ), weighted fair queuing (WFQ), and class-based weighted fair queuing (CBWFQ). Quantitative results were obtained for voice application throughput, delay, jitter, and signaling overhead. Results show that, compared to a baseline case with no background traffic, LMRVoIP traffic suffers when carried over links with heavy contention from other traffic sources when FIFO queuing is used. There is significant packet loss for voice and control traffic and jitter increases. FIFO queuing provides no QoS and, therefore, should not be used for critical applications where the network may be congested. The situation can be greatly improved by using one of the other queuing schemes, PQ, WFQ, or CBWFQ, which perform almost equally well with one voice flow. Although PQ has the best overall performance, it tends to starve the background traffic. CBWFQ was found to have some performance benefits over WFQ in most cases and, thus, is a good candidate for deployment.
The LMRVoIP application was also tested using a VPN, which led to a modest increase in latency and bandwidth utilization, but was found to perform well.
Master of Science
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Adouane, Amine Mohamed. "Dynamic management of spectral resources in LTE networks." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS007V/document.
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La croissance exponentielle du nombre de dispositifs communicants et des services sans fils émergents fixe des objectifs toujours plus haut pour répondre à la demande de capacité sans cesse croissante des utilisateurs. Cela pose des défis constants pour atteindre les objectifs envisagés. La réutilisation spectrale élevée (High efficiency spectral reuse) a été adopté, cependant, elle conduit à des interférences accrues sur le réseau, ce qui dégrade les performances. L'OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) est utilisé comme solution dans les réseaux de 4 G. Grâce à son orthogonalité, l'OFDM élimine l'interférence intra-cellulaire, mais l'interférence inter-cellule reste importante. Plusieurs méthodes connues sous le nom d'Inter-Cell interférences coordination (ICIC) ont été proposées pour les diminuer. L'ICIC permet la gestion des ressources radio coordonnée entre plusieurs cellules appelées ENodeB. Ces eNodeB peuvent partager les informations nécessaires grâce à l'interface X2 qui les relient, ces informations sont transmises par des messages LTE normalisés. Lorsque les ENodeBs sélectionnent égoïstement les ressources, la théorie de jeux non-coopératifs est largement appliquée pour trouver un juste équilibre. Dans cette thèse, nous mettons l'accent sur l'ICIC pour la liaison descendante d'un système OFDMA cellulaire dans le contexte du projet SOAPS (Spectrum opportuniste accès à la Sécurité publique). Ce projet a pour but l'amélioration de la planification des ressources de fréquences pour fournir des services à large bande dans les systèmes PMR (radiocommunications mobiles privées) en utilisant les technologies LTE. Nous adressons le problème d'ICIC en proposant quatre solutions différentes sous forme d'algorithmes entièrement décentralisés, ces algorithmes se basent sur la théorie des jeux non-coopératifs avec des équilibres de Nash purs des jeux considérésThe exponential growth in the number of communications devices has set out new ambitious targets to meet the ever-increasing demand for user capacity in emerging wireless systems. However, the inherent impairments of communication channels in cellular systems pose constant challenges to meet the envisioned targets. High spectral reuse efficiency was adopted as a solution to higher data rates. Despite its benefits, high spectral reuse leads to increased interference over the network, which degrades performances of mobile users with bad channel quality. To face this added interfence, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is used for the new 4th generation network. Thanks to its orthogonality OFDM eliminates the intra-cellular interference, but when the same resources are used in two adjacents cells, the inter-cell interference becomes severe. To get rid of the latter, several methods for Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) have been proposed. ICIC allows coordinated radio resources management between multiple cells. The eNodeBs can share resource usage information and interference levels over the X2 interface through LTE-normalized messages. Non-cooperative game theory was largely applied were eNodeBs selfishly selects resource blocks (RBs) in order to minimize interference. In this thesis, we stress on ICIC for the downlink of a cellular OFDMA system in the context of the SOAPS (Spectrum Opportunistic Access in Public Safety) project. This project focuses on the improvement of frequency resource scheduling for Broadband Services provision by PMR (Private Mobile Radio) systems using LTE technologies. We addressed this problem with four different solutions based on Non-cooperative game theory, three algorithms are devoted to RB selection in order to manage the interference, while the last one is a power control scheme with power economy and enhanced system performances
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Sakai, Kazuya. "Security and Privacy in Large-Scale RFID Systems." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386006971.
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Duan, Jialong. "Coordination inside centralized radio access networks with limited fronthaul capacity." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0052/document.
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Le réseau d'accès radio centralisé (C-RAN) peut fortement augmenter la capacité des réseaux mobiles. Cependant, la faisabilité de C-RAN est limitée par le débit considérable engendré sur les liaisons de transport, appelées également fronthaul. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'améliorer les performances de C-RAN tout en considérant les limitations du débit sur le frontaul, l'allocation de ressources et l'ordonnancement des utilisateurs.Nous étudions d'abord les séparations fonctionnelles possibles entre les têtes radios distantes (RRH) et les unités de traitement en bande de base (BBU) sur la liaison montante pour réduire le débit de transmission sur le fronthaul : certaines fonctions de couche basse sont déplacées du BBU vers les RRH. Nous fournissons une analyse quantitative des améliorations de performances ainsi obtenues.Nous nous concentrons ensuite sur la transmission coordonnée Multi-point (CoMP) sur le lien descendant. CoMP peut améliorer l'efficacité spectrale mais nécessite une coordination inter-cellule, ce qui est possible uniquement si une capacité fronthaul élevée est disponible. Nous comparons des stratégies de transmission avec et sans coordination inter-cellule. Les résultats de simulation montrent que CoMP doit être préféré pour les utilisateurs situés en bordure de cellule et lorsque la capacité du fronthaul est élevée. Nous en déduisons une stratégie hybride pour laquelle Les utilisateurs sont divisés en deux sous-ensembles en fonction de la puissance du signal. Les utilisateurs situés dans les zones centrales sont servis par un seul RRH avec une coordination simple et ceux en bordure de cellule sont servis en mode CoMP. Cette stratégie hybride constitue un bon compromis entre les débits offerts aux utilisateurs et les débits sur le fronthaulCentralized/Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a promising mobile network architecture, which can potentially increase the capacity of mobile networks while reducing operators¿ cost and energy consumption. However, the feasibility of C-RAN is limited by the large bit rate requirement in the fronthaul. The objective of this thesis is to improve C-RAN performance while considering fronthaul throughput reduction, fronthaul capacity allocation and users scheduling.We first investigate new functional split architectures between Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) and Baseband Units (BBU) on the uplink to reduce the transmission throughput in fronthaul. Some low layer functions are moved from the BBU to RRHs and a quantitative analysis is provided to illustrate the performance gains. We then focus on Coordinated Multi-point (CoMP) transmissions on the downlink. CoMP can improve spectral efficiency but needs tight coordination between different cells, which is facilitated by C-RAN only if high fronthaul capacity is available. We compare different transmission strategies without and with multi-cell coordination. Simulation results show that CoMP should be preferred for users located in cell edge areas and when fronthaul capacity is high. We propose a hybrid transmission strategy where users are divided into two parts based on statistical Channel State Informations (CSIs). The users located in cell center areas are served by one transmission point with simple coordinated scheduling and those located in cell edge areas are served with CoMP joint transmission. This proposed hybrid transmission strategy offers a good trade-off between users¿ transmission rates and fronthaul capacity cost
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Kurien, Anish Mathew. "Approches pour la classification du trafic et l’optimisation des ressources radio dans les réseaux cellulaires : application à l’Afrique du Sud." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1090/document.
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Selon l'Union Internationale des Télécommunications (UIT), la progression importante du nombre de téléphones mobiles à travers le monde a dépassé toutes les prévisions avec un nombre d'utilisateurs estimé à 6 Mds en 2011 dont plus de 75% dans les pays développés. Cette progression importante produit une pression forte sur les opérateurs de téléphonie mobile concernant les ressources radio et leur impact sur la qualité et le degré de service (GoS) dans le réseau. Avec des demandes différenciées de services émanant de différentes classes d'utilisateurs, la capacité d'identifier les types d'utilisateurs dans le réseau devient donc vitale pour l'optimisation de l'infrastructure et des ressources. Dans la présente thèse, une nouvelle approche de classification des utilisateurs d'un réseau cellulaire mobile est proposée, en exploitant les données du trafic réseau fournies par deux opérateurs de téléphonie mobile en Afrique du Sud. Dans une première étape, celles-ci sont décomposées en utilisant deux méthodes multi-échelles ; l'approche de décomposition en mode empirique (Empirical Mode Decomposition approach - EMD) et l'approche en Ondelettes Discrètes (Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform approach - DWPT). Les résultats sont ensuite comparés avec l'approche dite de Difference Histogram qui considère le nombre de segments de données croissants dans les séries temporelles. L'approche floue de classification FCM (Fuzzy C-means) est utilisée par la suite pour déterminer les clusters, ou les différentes classes présentes dans les données, obtenus par analyse multi-échelles et par différence d'histogrammes. Les résultats obtenus montrent, pour la méthode proposée, une séparation claire entre les différentes classes de trafic par rapport aux autres méthodes. La deuxième partie de la thèse concerne la proposition d'une approche d'optimisation des ressources réseau, qui prend en compte la variation de la demande en termes de trafic basée sur les classes d'abonnés précédemment identifiés dans la première partie. Une nouvelle approche hybride en deux niveaux pour l'allocation des canaux est proposée. Le premier niveau considère un seuil fixe de canaux alloués à chaque cellule en prenant en considération la classe d'abonnés identifiée par une stratégie statique d'allocation de ressources tandis que le deuxième niveau considère une stratégie dynamique d'allocation de ressources. Le problème d'allocation de ressources est formulé comme un problème de programmation linéaire mixte (Mixed-Integer Linear programming - MILP). Ainsi, une approche d'allocation par période est proposée dans laquelle un groupe de canaux est alloué de façon dynamique pour répondre à la variation de la demande dans le réseau. Pour résoudre le problème précédent, nous avons utilisé l'outil CPLEX. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu'une solution optimale peux être atteinte par l'approche proposée (MILP)The growth in the number of cellular mobile subscribers worldwide has far outpaced expected rates of growth with worldwide mobile subscriptions reaching 6 Billion subscribers in 2011 according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). More than 75% of this figure is in developing countries. With this rate of growth, greater pressure is placed on radio resources in mobile networks which impacts on the quality and grade of service (GOS) in the network. With varying demands that are generated from different subscriber classes in a network, the ability to distinguish between subscriber types in a network is vital to optimise infrastructure and resources in a mobile network. In this study, a new approach for subscriber classification in mobile cellular networks is proposed. In the proposed approach, traffic data extracted from two network providers in South Africa is considered. The traffic data is first decomposed using traditional feature extraction approaches such as the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT) approach. The results are then compared with the Difference Histogram approach which considers the number of segments of increase in the time series. Based on the features extracted, classification is then achieved by making use of a Fuzzy C-means algorithm. It is shown from the results obtained that a clear separation between subscriber classes based on inputted traffic signals is possible through the proposed approach. Further, based on the subscriber classes extracted, a novel two-level hybrid channel allocation approach is proposed that makes use of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to consider the optimisation of radio resources in a mobile network. In the proposed model, two levels of channel allocation are considered: the first considers defining a fixed threshold of channels allocated to each cell in the network. The second level considers a dynamic channel allocation model to account for the variations in traffic experienced in each traffic class identified. Using the optimisation solver, CPLEX, it is shown that an optimal solution can be achieved with the proposed two-level hybrid allocation model
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Florea, Alina Alexandra. "Optimisation de la transmission de phonie et vidéophonie sur les réseaux à larges bandes PMR." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873686.
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Cet exposé analyse les perspectives large bande des réseaux PMR, à travers l'évaluation du candidat LTE, et la proposition d'une possible évolution du codage canal, la solution brevetée des codes turbo à protection non uniforme. Une première étude dans le chapitre 2 se concentre sur l'analyse multi-couche et l'identification des problèmes clé des communications de voix et de vidéo sur un réseau LTE professionnel. Les capacités voix et vidéo sont estimées pour les liens montant et descendant de la transmission LTE, et l'efficacité spectrale de la voix en lien descendant est comparée à celle de PMR et GSM. Ce chapitre souligne certains points clé de l'évolution de LTE. S'ils étaient pas résolus par la suite, LTE se verrait perdre de sa crédibilité en tant que candidat à l'évolution de la PMR. Une telle caractéristique clé des réseaux PMR est le codage canal à protection non uniforme, qui pourrait être adapté au système LTE pour une évolution aux contraintes de la sécurité publique. Le chapitre 3 introduit cette proposition d'évolution, qui a été brevetée: les turbo codes à protection non uniforme intégrée. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour le codage canal à protection non uniforme à travers les codes turbo progressives hiérarchiques. Les configurations parallèles et séries sont analysées. Les mécanismes de protection non uniformes sont intégrés dans la structure de l'encodeur même à travers l'insertion progressif et hiérarchique de nouvelles données de l'utilisateur. Le turbo décodage est modifié pour exploiter de façon optimale l'insertion progressive de données dans le processus d'encodage et estimer hiérarchiquement ces données. Les propriétés des structures parallèles et séries sont analysées à l'aide d'une analogie aux codes pilotes, ainsi qu'en regardant de plus près leurs caractéristiques de poids de codage. Le taux de transmission virtuel et les représentations des graphs factor fournissent une meilleure compréhension de ces propriétés. Les gains de codage sont évalués à l'aide de simulations numériques, en supposant des canaux de transmission radio statiques et dynamiques, et en utilisant des codes de référence. Enfin, dans le chapitre 4, l'idée breveté du code turbo parallal progressif et hiérarchique (PPHTC) est évaluée sur la plateforme LTE. Une description détaillée de l'architecture des bearers de LTE est donnée, et ses conséquences sont discutées. Le nouveau codage canal est inséré et évalué sur cette plateforme, et ses performances sont comparées avec des schémas de transmission typique à LTE. L'analyse de la qualité de la voix aide à conclure sur l'efficacité de la solution proposée dans un système de transmission réel. Pourtant, même si cette dernière donne les meilleurs résultats, d'avantage d'optimisations devraient être envisagées pour obtenir des gains améliorés et mieux exploiter le potentiel du codage proposé. L'exposé se conclut dans le chapitre 5 et une courte discussion présente les futures perspectives de recherche
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Taylor, Randy Lyle. "Radio networks and the redefinition of local private radio." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ37643.pdf.
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Karaminas, Panagiotis D. "Array processing in mobile radio networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11483.
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Giortzis, Athanasios. "Channel assignment in mobile radio networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266017.
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Toh, Chai-Keong. "Protocol aspects of mobile radio networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273055.
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Moessner, K. "Reconfigurable mobile communication networks." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844245/.
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Telecommunication technologies and networks are constantly changing; with the introduction of the GSM system the shift from wired to wireless telephony experienced a unique boom. Since then, behaviour and communication needs of users (i.e. subscribers) have undergone rapid changes from initially the need for pure wireless voice transmission to now data and multimedia content traffic. Introduction of the 3rd Generation (UMTS/IMT 2000) promised the delivery of these services and the integration with the Internet. However, legacy technologies and networks are not likely to be replaced soon, the different wireless and wired communication and information infrastructures will co-exist and will have to work, seemingly seamless, together. The here documented research work delivers basic mechanisms supporting this integration, therefore a variety of technologies from different areas, ranging from Software Radio technology to Object-Oriented computing, have been brought together to introduce reconfigurability to mobile communication networks. Distributed object computing technologies are evaluated and their application as signalling and support platforms for reconfigureable systems is shown in different examples. Other novelties are the introduction of a protocol for download of reconfiguration software, from various software sources, these sources include Smart Cards, wired outlets and Over-The-Air. Furthermore, an object-oriented framework for flexible, 'on-the-fly' protocol exchange has been developed; the mechanisms and architecture of this framework are described within this thesis. Combining protocol reconfiguration, software download and distributed platforms and focusing on control and management of reconfiguration have led to the design and definition of a reconfiguration management architecture. Functionality and structure of this architecture are documented, and its single modules are described. Providing means and mechanisms enabling management and control of reconfiguration within reconfigureable mobile communication networks is the purpose of this thesis. KM, Guildford, July 2001 Key words: reconfiguration, reconfiguration management. Software Radio, object-orientation, middleware, CORBA, Universal Control CHannel.
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Koshi, Virtyt. "Radio planning for future mobile communication networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390488.
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Ko, Yiu Fai. "Digital cellular mobile radio links and networks." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280911.
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Hanly, Stephen Vaughan. "Information capacity of radio networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282842.
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Corvino, Virginia <1981>. "Radio resource management for pervasive mobile communication Networks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2200/.
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Cohen, Alain Jerome. "Simulating virtual circuits in mobile packet radio networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14904.
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Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING
Bibliography: leaf 39.
by Alain Jerome Cohen.
B.S.
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Zhao, Qiyang. "Intelligent radio resource management for mobile broadband networks." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5518/.
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This thesis studies intelligent spectrum and topology management through transfer learning in mobile broadband networks, to improve the capacity density and Quality of Service (QoS) as well as to reduce the cooperation overhead and energy consumption. The dense deployment of small cell base stations (BSs) is an effective approach to provide high capacity density access. In the meantime, multi-hop wireless backhaul networks enable highly flexible deployment and self-organization of small cell BSs. A heterogeneous small cell access and multi-hop backhaul network is studied in this thesis as mobile broadband system architecture. Transfer learning is applied to Radio Resource Management (RRM) as an intelligent algorithm to improve the performance of conventional reinforcement learning. In transfer learning, a BS trains its knowledge base relying on knowledge transferred from other related BSs, who are selected using an interference coordination strategy. In a network with static topology, cooperation management is developed to identify the maturity of the knowledge base and control the coordination overhead. It is demonstrated in a multi-hop backhaul network that transfer learning delivers a QoS level that is as high as achieved by a fully coordinated algorithm, but with a very low level of information exchange which is close to a fully distributed algorithm. Transfer learning is also studied in rapidly changeable network architectures to provide reliable communication. It is carried out during the changes of network topology, through mapping the learner’s knowledge base to a prioritized action space with Pareto efficiency. This process assists the BSs to quickly identify and adapt to environment changes, and makes effective decisions. Results show that transfer learning significantly reduces QoS fluctuation during traffic variation and topology changes in a highly dynamic network. Furthermore, a dynamic topology management algorithm is developed to intelligently control the working modes of BSs, based on traffic load and capacity in multiple cells. Topology management is demonstrated to reduce the number of activated BSs with adequate QoS performance provided. Dynamic capacity provision between multiple cells is achieved from transfer learning, which significantly improves QoS and reduces energy consumption.
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Östlin, Erik. "On Radio Wave Propagation Measurements and Modelling for Cellular Mobile Radio Networks." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00443.
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To support the continuously increasing number of mobile telephone users around the world, mobile communication systems have become more advanced and sophisticated in their designs. As a result of the great success with the second generation mobile radio networks, deployment of the third and development of fourth generations, the demand for higher data rates to support available services, such as internet connection, video telephony and personal navigation systems, is ever growing. To be able to meet the requirements regarding bandwidth and number of users, enhancements of existing systems and introductions of conceptually new technologies and techniques have been researched and developed. Although new proposed technologies in theory provide increased network capacity, the backbone of a successful roll-out of a mobile telephone system is inevitably the planning of the network’s cellular structure. Hence, the fundamental aspect to a reliable cellular planning is the knowledge about the physical radio channel for wide sets of different propagation scenarios. Therefore, to study radio wave propagation in typical Australian environments, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Telecommunications Cooperative Research Centre (ATcrc) in collaboration developed a cellular code division multiple access (CDMA) pilot scanner. The pilot scanner measurement equipment enables for radio wave propagation measurements in available commercial CDMA mobile radio networks, which in Australia are usually deployed for extensive rural areas. Over time, the collected measurement data has been used to characterise many different types of mobile radio environments and some of the results are presented in this thesis. The thesis is divided into an introduction section and four parts based on peer-reviewed international research publications. The introduction section presents the reader with some relevant background on channel and propagation modelling. Also, the CDMA scanner measurement system that was developed in parallel with the research results founding this thesis is presented. The first part presents work on the evaluation and development of the different revisions of the Recommendation ITU-R P.1546 point-to-area radio wave propagation prediction model. In particular, the modified application of the terrain clearance angle (TCA) and the calculation method of the effective antenna height are scrutinized. In the second part, the correlation between the smallscale fading characteristics, described by the Ricean K-factor, and the vegetation density in the vicinity of the mobile receiving antenna is investigated. The third part presents an artificial neural network (ANN) based technique incorporated to predict path loss in rural macrocell environments. Obtained results, such as prediction accuracy and training time, are presented for different sized ANNs and different training approaches. Finally, the fourth part proposes an extension of the path loss ANN enabling the model to also predict small-scale fading characteristics.
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Turyagyenda, Charles. "Energy efficient radio resource management for future mobile cellular radio access networks." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6247/.
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Historically mobile Radio Access Networks (RANs) were optimised initially to maximise coverage and subsequently to improve capacity, user data rates and quality of service. However, the recent exponential growth in the volume of transmitted data coupled with the ever increasing energy costs has highlighted the need to optimise futuristic RANs from an energy efficiency perspective. This research study postulated the utilisation of radio resource management approaches to improve the energy efficiency of modern RANs, with a particular emphasis on the radio frequency energy performance. The research study yielded the following major outcomes. First, there was notable positive correlation between user channel quality improvements and the energy efficiency of RANs. Second, channel quality aware packet schedulers were more energy efficient than channel quality ignorant packet schedulers. Third, energy aware scheduling metrics coupled with power control algorithms can be utilised to optimise and refine the energy efficiency performance of the rate adaptive frequency domain packet scheduling. Fourth, the dynamic temporal and spatial traffic load characteristics, in the radio access network, present energy saving opportunities through collaborative and cooperative Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) management among neighbouring base stations. While the results presented in this thesis pertain to radio frequency and/or radio head energy consumption, the improved energy efficiency could be leveraged by increasing the inter site distance between base stations subsequently reducing the density of base stations in any given geographical area thus reducing the energy consumption of the RANs as a whole. The benefits of energy efficient RANs are twofold, i.e. reduction in the amount of CO2 emission and lower operating expenditure (OPEX).
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Fabri, S. N. "Multimedia communications over mobile packet networks." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343461.
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This thesis describes several concepts associated with the transmission of multimedia services over mobile radio access networks. The error performance and traffic requirements of real-time video transmission over the General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) access network and its successor Enhanced-GPRS is examined. In view of this. video error resilience techniques which exploit channel prioritisation mechanisms are introduced with a view to increasing the robustness of received video sequences encoded with MPEG-4 to channel errors. These include stream prioritisation using unequal error protection and region-of-interest prioritisation for use in multiparty communications and streaming applications. A new forward-error correction scheme for EGPRS which uses iterative serially-concatenated convolutional-Reed Solomon codes is designed and is shown to significantly enhance the error performance for real-time services. A study of (he use of backward error correction mechanisms when transmitting streaming multimedia services is carried out, and a new retransmission scheme is introduced to increase the capacity of the radio access network when supporting streaming services
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Aberra, Seble Mengesha. "Capacity enhancement of mobile radio networks using intermediate relays." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979753600.
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Stevens, David Story. "TDMA slot allocation strategies for mobile packet radio networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9190.
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Thomschutz, Hans Olaf Rutger. "Security in Packet-Switched Land Mobile Radio Backbone Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33591.
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Spurred by change in government regulations and to leverage lower-cost technology and services, many land mobile radio (LMR) operators have begun transitioning from circuit-switched to packet-switched backbone networks to handle their future communication needs. Due to the unique demands of packet-switched backbone networks for LMR, it may not be wise to carry over the previously implemented security methods used with circuit-switch systems or to treat an LMR backbone as a regular packet-switched network. This thesis investigates security in packet-switched LMR backbone networks to identify security issues in packet-switched LMR networks and provide possible solutions for them. Security solutions that are examined include different types of virtual private networks (VPNs), various encryption and keying procedures for safe communication, and logic behind how and where to implement security functions within the network. Specific schemes examined include IP Security (IPSec), OpenVPN, Virtual Tunnel (VTun), and Zebedee. I also present a quantitative analysis of the effects that the solutions have on packet-switched networks, in terms of link utilization, and on voice traffic, in terms of delay and delay jitter. In addition, I evaluate, in general terms, the additional cost or complexity that is introduced by the different security solutions.
Simulation with OPNET Modeler was used to evaluate how the various security schemes affect voice communication and network performance as a whole. Since OPNET Modeler does not provide models of security functions, the source code of the transceiver system models was modified to introduce additional overhead that is representative of the various security solutions. Through experimentation, simulation, and analysis of the security schemes considered, it was found that the most effective security scheme overall for a packet-switched LMR backbone network would either be IPSec or OpenVPN implemented at the base stations and end-hosts. Both security schemes provide strong encryption, flexibility, and are actively supported. However, if bandwidth is scarce and flexibility is less important, then a security solution with less overhead, such as VTun, should be considered. Thus, one has to balance performance with security to choose the most effective security solution for a particular application.Master of Science
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Sng, Sin Hie. "Radio channel modeling for mobile ad hoc wireless networks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FSng.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Science (Electrical Engineering))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Murali Tummala, Roberto Cristi. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71). Also available online.
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Labidi, Wael. "Smart grid-aware radio engineering in 5G mobile networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL006/document.
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La demande en énergie dans les réseaux de téléphonie mobile augmente en raison de l’émergence de nouvelles technologies et de nouveaux services aux exigences de plus en plus élevées (débits de données, délais, etc.). Dans ce contexte, l'opérateur de réseau mobile (ORM) doit fournir d'avantage de ressources radio et de capacité de traitement dans son réseau, entraînant ainsi des coûts financiers plus élevés. L’ORM n’a pas d’autre choix que de mettre en œuvre des stratégies d’économie d’énergie sur plusieurs niveaux de son infrastructure, notamment au niveau du réseau d’accès radio (RAN).En parallèle, le réseau électrique devient plus intelligent, avec de nouvelles fonctionnalités pour équilibrer l'offre et la demande en faisant varier les prix de l'électricité, permettant ainsi à certains agrégateurs d'énergie de faire partie du processus d'approvisionnement et en signant des accords de réponse à la demande avec ses clients les plus important. Dans le contexte d'un réseau électrique intelligent et fiable, l'ORM, qui compte des milliers de evolved NodeB (eNB) répartis sur tout le pays, doit jouer un rôle majeur dans le réseau en agissant en tant que consommateur potentiel capable de vendre de l'électricité. Toutefois, dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne, le réseau peut ne pas être fiable, voire même inexistant, l'ORM n'a d'autre choix que de déployer une centrale électrique virtuelle (VPP) qui l'alimente partiellement ou totalement.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les interactions entre l’opérateur de réseau et le réseau électrique, qu’il soit fiable ou non, dans les pays développés comme dans les pays en cours de développement. Nous étudions la gestion optimale de l'énergie à long et à court terme, dans le but de minimiser le coût total de possession (TCO) en énergie de l'opérateur par station de base, qui correspond à la somme de ses dépenses d'investissement (CAPEX) et de ses dépenses opérationnelles (OPEX), en assurant la satisfaction des besoins croissants en trafic de ses utilisateurs dans la cellule.L'étude à long terme nous permet de prendre des décisions d'investissement semestrielles pour le dimensionnement de la batterie et des sources énergies renouvelables, en tenant compte de la dégradation des performances des équipements, des prévisions de la croissance du trafic des utilisateurs et de l'évolution du marché de l'électricité sur une longue période de temps comptée en années.Dans le cas où elle est alimentée par un réseau intelligent fiable, la politique à court terme aide l’opérateur à définir quotidiennement une stratégie de gestion optimale de la batterie assurant l'arbitrage ou à le trading d’électricité tout en exploitant les fluctuations horaires des prix de l’électricité afin de minimiser la facture énergétique journalière de l'ORM tout en respectant certaines règles d'utilisation de ces équipements.Dans le cas d'un réseau électrique non fiable ou complètement inexistant, l'opérateur est alimenté par des sources hybrides couplant stockage (batteries), générateurs diesel, énergie solaire et le réseau électrique si ce dernier est opérationnel. Ici, nous définissons un ordre de priorité fixe sur l’utilisation de ces sources qui vise à étendre la durée de vie de la batterie et maintenir ses performancesThe energy demand in mobile networks is increasing due to the emergence of new technologies and new services with higher requirements (data rates, delays, etc). In this context, the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) has to provide more radio and processing resources in its network leading for higher financial costs. The MNO has no choice but to implement energy saving strategies in all the parts of its infrastructure and especially at the Radio Access Network (RAN).At the same time, the electrical grid is getting smarter including new functionalities to balance supply and demand by varying the electricity prices, allowing some aggregators to be part of the supply process and signing demand response agreements with its clients. In the context of reliable smart grid, the MNO having thousands of evolved NodeB (eNB) spread over all the country, has to play major role in the grid by acting as a prosumer able to sell electricity. In African Sub-Saharan countries however, the grid may be not reliable or even non existent, the MNO has no choice but to deploy a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) and rely partially or totally on it.In this thesis, we study the interactions between the network operator and the grid either reliable or not in both developed and developing countries. We investigate both long term and short term optimal energy related management, with the aim of minimising the operator's Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for energy per base station which is the sum of its Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) while satisfying the growing needs of its user traffic in the cell.The long term study enables us to make semestral based investment decisions for the battery and renewable energy sources dimensioning considering equipment performance degradation, predictions on users traffic growth and electricity market evolution over a long period of time counted in years.In the case of being powered by a reliable smart grid, the short term policy helps the operator to set on a daily basis, an optimal battery management strategy by performing electricity arbitrage or trading that takes advantage of the electricity prices hourly fluctuations in order to minimize the MNO daily energy bill while respecting some rules on the usage of its equipments.In the case of a non reliable or off-grid environment, the operator is powered by hybrid sources coupling storage, diesel generators, solar power and the grid if the latter is operational. Here, we define a fixed order of priority on the use of these sources that extends the battery lifetime and maintain its performance
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Foukas, Xenofon. "Towards a programmable and virtualized mobile radio access network architecture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31406.
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Emerging 5G mobile networks are envisioned to become multi-service environments, enabling the dynamic deployment of services with a diverse set of performance requirements, accommodating the needs of mobile network operators, verticals and over-the-top service providers. The Radio Access Network (RAN) part of mobile networks is expected to play a very significant role towards this evolution. Unfortunately, such a vision cannot be efficiently supported by the conventional RAN architecture, which adopts a fixed and rigid design. For the network to evolve, flexibility in the creation, management and control of the RAN components is of paramount importance. The key elements that can allow us to attain this flexibility are the programmability and the virtualization of the network functions. While in the case of the mobile core, these issues have been extensively studied due to the advent of technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and the similarities that the core shares with other wired networks like data centers, research in the domain of the RAN is still in its infancy. The contributions made in this thesis significantly advance the state of the art in the domain of RAN programmability and virtualization in three dimensions. First, we design and implement a software-defined RAN (SD-RAN) platform called FlexRAN, that provides a flexible control plane designed with support for real-time RAN control applications, flexibility to realize various degrees of coordination among RAN infrastructure entities, and programmability to adapt control over time and easier evolution to the future following SDN/NFV principles. Second, we leverage the capabilities of the FlexRAN platform to design and implement Orion, which is a novel RAN slicing system that enables the dynamic on-the-fly virtualization of base stations, the flexible customization of slices to meet their respective service needs and which can be used in an end-to-end network slicing setting. Third, we focus on the use case of multi-tenancy in a neutral-host indoors small-cell environment, where we design Iris, a system that builds on the capabilities of FlexRAN and Orion and introduces a dynamic pricing mechanism for the efficient and flexible allocation of shared spectrum to the tenants. A number of additional use cases that highlight the benefits of the developed systems are also presented. The lessons learned through this research are summarized and a discussion is made on interesting topics for future work in this domain. The prototype systems presented in this thesis have been made publicly available and are being used by various research groups worldwide in the context of 5G research.
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Coury, Sergio. "Quantitative models for the design of cellular networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7947.
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Nelson, Richard. "Self-similar traffic engineering and applications to mobile radio networks." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6046.
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Mobile networks are experiencing exponential rates of subscriber growth worldwide. In addition they are rapidly developing sophistication and capabilities for delivering multiple service types at widely varying data rates. Despite this very little is known about the traffic characteristics of such networks or the effects of such characteristics on network performance.
There is a growing body of evidence that video and data traffic is not Markovian and cannot be modelled using the conventional models developed for wireline telephone networks. Instead these kinds of traffic are characterised by stochastic self-similarity and are highly bursty in nature. This bursty nature is known to significantly degrade network performance, but few analytic results quantifying this are available.
Assuming that the self-similar nature of packet oriented voice and data traffic will hold when it is carried on mobile networks, this thesis develops the analysis of fundamental network elements, basic queues and random access channels with packet arrivals using a simple mathematical model of a self-similar process.
These results quantify the degradation in network performance through increasing blocking and delay caused by the shift from random Poisson arrivals to self-similar arrivals and the further effects as the self-similarity parameter increases.
Also presented here is the analysis of data sets taken from live New Zealand based cellular telephone networks. This analysis is limited by the data sets available but shows that where hand over traffic is high the channel seizure process appears not to be Markovian and may be self-similar.
The thesis concludes with a discussion of the difficulties in obtaining valid results from computer simulation when the output data stream is self-similar. This is caused by the unique statistical nature of such sequences.
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Al-Khaled, Fahad Sulaiman. "Efficient radio channel assignment techniques for mobile satellite communication networks." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391293.
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Arbi, Abdelrahman. "Spectral and energy efficiency in cellular mobile radio access networks." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18518/.
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Driven by the widespread use of smartphones and the release of a wide range of online packet data services, an unprecedented growth in the mobile data usage has been observed over the last decade. Network operators recently realised that the traditional approach of deploying more macrocells could not cope with this continuous growth in mobile data traffic and if no actions are taken, the energy demand to run the networks, which are able to support such traffic volumes risks to become unmanageable. In this context, comprehensive investigations of different cellular network deployments, and various algorithms have been evaluated and compared against each other in this thesis, to determine the best deployment options which are able to deliver the required capacity at a minimum level of energy consumption. A new scalable base station power consumption model was proposed and a joint evaluation framework for the relative improvements in throughput, energy consumption,and energy efficiency is adopted to avoid the inherent ambiguity of using only the bit/J energy efficiency metric. This framework was applied to many cellular network cases studies including macro only, small cell only and heterogeneous networks to show that pure small cell deployments outperform the macro and heterogeneous networks in terms of the energy consumption even if the backhaul power consumption is included in the analysis. Interestingly, picocell only deployments can attain up to 3 times increase in the throughput and 2.27 times reduction in the energy consumed when compared with macro only RANs at high target capacities, while it offers 2 times more throughput and reduces the energy consumption by 12% when compared with the macro/pico HetNet deployments. Further investigations have focused on improving the macrocell RAN by adding more sectors and more antennas. Importantly, the results have shown that adding small cells to the macrocell RAN is more energy efficient than adding more sectors even if adaptive sectorisation techniques are employed. While dimensioning the network by using MIMO base stations results in less consumed energy than using SISO base stations. The impact of traffic offloading to small cell, sleep mode, and inter-cell interference coordination techniques on the throughput and energy consumption in dense heterogeneous network deployments have been investigated. Significant improvements in the throughput and energy efficiency in bit/J were observed. However, a decrease in the energy consumption is obtained only in heterogeneous networks with small cells deployed to service clusters of users. Finally, the same framework is used to evaluate the throughput and energy consumption of massive MIMO deployments to show the superiority of massive MIMOs versus macrocell RANs, small cell deployments and heterogeneous networks in terms of achieving the target capacity with a minimum level of energy consumption. 1.6 times reduction in the energy consumption is achieved by massive MIMOs when compared with picocell only RAN at the same target capacity and when the backhaul power consumption is included in the analysis.
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Kassab, Hisham Ibrahim. "low-energy mobile packet radio networks : routing, scheduling, and architecture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9121.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-176).
Packet Radio Networks (PRNETs), which are also called ad-hoc networks, have the capability of fast (and ad-hoc) deployment and set-up, and therefore potentially have several useful civilian and military applications. Building low-energy PRNETs is an important design goal, because the communication devices are typically powered by batteries, and therefore are useless when the batteries are depleted. We choose to look at low-energy PRNETs by focusing on the problem of minimum-energy communication over a PRNET, resolving any related issues or design decisions in a manner consistent with the overall goal of low-energy PRNETs. We conclude that the problem of minimum-energy communication over a PRNET is really a joint routing-scheduling-topological problem. We find the joint problem to be intractable, and therefore propose to solve it by decomposing it, solving each component separately. The resulting solution is not optimal but the degree of suboptimality depends on how the problem is decomposed. Therefore we compare different decomposition methods, and select the one that is likely to yield the best solution to the joint problem. After deciding how to decompose the joint problem, we study the separate components. For the topological problem we decide that nodes should communicate with a limited number of other nodes, referred to as neighbors. We also propose and analyze the performance of a procedure for managing the set of neighbors. For the scheduling problem, we propose a novel and practical class of scheduling algorithms. The routing problem is more complex than wireline routing because of interference and fading. When they are incorporated, routing becomes a non-convex problem; and we overcome this by a novel approach that is non-optimal, but is more robust than the optimal approach.
by Hisham Ibrahim Kassab.
Ph.D.
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Parekh, Abhay Kumar. "Minimizing the number of clusters in mobile packet radio networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15014.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING
Bibliography: leaves 82-83.
by Abhay Kumar Parekh.
M.S.
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Hong, Xuemin. "Secondary mobile access via ultra-wideband and cognitive radio networks." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2196.
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Oueis, Jad. "Radio access and core functionalities in self-deployable mobile networks." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI095/document.
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Les réseaux mobiles auto-déployables sont des réseaux qui peuvent être rapidement déployés, facilement installés, sur demande, n’importe où, et n’importe quand. Ils visent divers cas d’utilisation pour fournir des services aux utilisateurs lorsque le réseau classique ne peut pas être utilisé, ou n’existe pas : lors d’événements publics, lors des situations critiques, ou dans les zones isolées. Ces réseaux font évoluer l’architecture d’un réseau classique, en éliminant la séparation physique qui existe entre le réseau d’accès et le cœur de réseau. Cette séparation est désormais uniquement fonctionnelle, vu qu’une station de base est colocalisée avec les fonctionnalités du réseau de cœur, telles que la gestion de session et le routage, en plus des serveurs d’applications. Une station de base, toute seule, sans connexion à un réseau externe, fournit des services aux utilisateurs dans sa zone de couverture. Lorsque plusieurs stations de base sont interconnectées, les liens entre elles forment un réseau d’interconnexion, qui risque d’avoir une capacité limitée. Dans ce travail, nous nous appuyons sur les propriétés distinguant les réseaux auto-déployables pour revisiter des problèmes classiques du réseau d’accès dans ce nouvel contexte, mais aussi pour aborder de nouveaux défis créés par l’architecture du réseau. Tout d’abord, nous proposons un algorithme qui retourne un schéma d’allocation de fréquences et de puissances pour les stations de base. Celui-ci augmente considérablement les débits des utilisateurs par rapport aux schémas classiques de réutilisation de fréquences. Ensuite, nous traitons le problème de placement des fonctionnalités du cœur du réseau. Pour le placement centralisé, nous proposons une nouvelle métrique de centralité qui permet de placer les fonctions de façon à maximiser le trafic pouvant être échangé dans le réseau. Pour le placement distribué, nous évaluons le nombre de fonctions nécessaires et leur placement optimal, en tenant compte de l’impact sur la capacité du réseau d’interconnexion. Nous démontrons aussi les avantages du placement distribué par rapport au centralisé en terme de consommation de ressources sur le réseau d’interconnexion. Dans le même contexte, nous abordons le problème d’attachement des utilisateurs, lorsque les fonctionnalités du cœur de réseau sont distribuées, pour déterminer par laquelle de ces fonctionnalités un utilisateur est-il servi. Enfin, avec le réseau d’accès configuré et le cœur de réseau organisé, les utilisateurs commencent à arriver. Alors, nous abordons le problème de l’association des utilisateurs. Nous proposons une nouvelle politique d’association adaptée aux propriétés des réseaux auto-déployables. Cette politique réduit la probabilité de blocage par rapport aux politiques classiques basées uniquement sur la qualité de la voie descendante, en tenant compte à la fois des ressources du réseau d’accès, des ressources sur le réseau d’interconnexion, et des demandes des utilisateursSelf-deployable mobile networks are a novel family of cellular networks, that can be rapidly deployed, easily installed, and operated on demand, anywhere, anytime. They target diverse use cases and provide network services when the classical network fails, is not suitable, or simply does not exist: when the network saturates during crowded events, when first responders need private broadband communication in disaster-relief and mission-critical situations, or when there is no infrastructure in areas with low population density. These networks are challenging a long-standing vision of cellular networks by eliminating the physical separation between the radio access network (RAN) and the core network (CN). In addition to providing RAN functionalities, such as radio signal processing and radio resource management, a base station can also provide those of the CN, such as session management and routing, in addition to housing application servers. As a result, a base station with no backhaul connection to a traditional CN can provide local services to users in its vicinity. To cover larger areas, several base stations must interconnect. With the CN functions co-located with the RAN, the links interconnecting the BSs form the backhaul network. Being setup by the BSs, potentially in an ad hoc manner, the latter may have a limited bandwidth. In this thesis, we build on the properties distinguishing self-deployable networks to revisit classical RAN problems but in the self-deployable context, and address the novel challenges created by the core network architecture. Starting with the RAN configuration, we propose an algorithm that sets a frequency and power allocation scheme. The latter outperforms conventional frequency reuse schemes in terms of the achieved user throughput and is robust facing variations in the number of users and their distribution in the network. Once the RAN is configured, we move to the CN organization, and address both centralized and distributed CN functions placements. For the centralized placement, building on the shortages of state of the art metrics, we propose a novel centrality metric that places the functions in a way that maximizes the traffic that can be exchanged in the network. For the distributed placement, we evaluate the number of needed instances of the CN functions and their optimal placement, considering the impact on the backhaul bandwidth. We further highlight the advantages of distributing CN functions, from a backhaul point of view. Accordingly, we tackle the user attachment problem to determine the CN instances serving each user when the former are distributed. Finally, with the network ready to operate, and users starting to arrive, we tackle the user association problem. We propose a novel network-aware association policy adapted to self-deployable networks, that outperforms a traditional RAN-based policy. It jointly accounts for the downlink, the uplink, the backhaul and the user throughput request
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Thong, Wai Sum. "Radio resource management for improving quality of service of mobile networks." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405766.
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Chu, Man Kin. "A hybrid approach for mobile location estimation in cellular radio networks." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/672.
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Jabbar, A. I. A. "Simulation studies of protocols for random access packet radio networks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234244.
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Shahzad, Hamid, and Nishant Jain. "Internet Protocol based Mobile Radio Access Network Architecture for Remote Service Areas." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91940.
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When it comes to their Radio Access Network (RAN) infrastructure, no two Mobile Operators, serving remote service areas, are alike. Despite situations and technologies being diverse, a well designed optimized RAN solution must adapt itself to the existing networking technologies, both with regard to legacy core networks and modern telecommunication networks in order to produce the best network which is possible subject to many constraints. There is a misconception in technical circles that an optimized internet protocol (IP) enabled RAN architecture is more theoretical than practical. On the contrary, the aforesaid is highly dependent on the technology used. Packet optimized IP- GSM Radio Access Network (GRAN) architecture is proposed in this thesis, it uses Internet Protocol (IP) rather than proprietary protocols for communication between Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), Base Station Controllers (BSC), and the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS). This architecture must deliver carrier-grade mobility, scalability, and reliability; while being optimized for efficient roaming, routing and backhauling from remote service areas. In a geographic arena that spans across the globe, classical circuit-switched networks are not cost efficient due to their integrated call control (signaling) and switching architecture. A solution to this may be soft-switching which separates the call control (Media Gateway Controller (MGC)) and switching (Media Gateway (MG)) into separate nodes. This methodology would fundamentally change the way circuit-switched services, such as traditional voice telephony, are handled. For a service provider this enables a much more efficient network, because it allows optimized equipment location for voice termination into other carrier networks. Co-location of media gateways with satellite ground stations enables local termination to the public switched telephone network (PSTN), thus offloading a great deal of the traffic from the backhaul transmission network of the mobile operator. This thesis adopts soft-switching as part of the call routing processes. The thesis considers the problem of transporting voice and signaling from-to the remote service areas, efficient routing and backhaul to the location of most suitable operator’s point of presence. The thesis explores an alternative which uses a packet switched backbone (e.g. IP based) to transport the media as close (geographically) to the dialed party as possible before terminating it at the PSTN network, thus achieving optimal routing of voice and signaling. Considering the aforesaid, the thesis describes a detailed network architecture and an operational system prototype for maritime GSM network deployment, as a befitting and challenging example of remote service area.När det gäller deras Radio access nät, finns det inte två Mobiloperatörer, som betjänar avlägsna områden, som är lika. Trots olika omständigheter och teknologier, ett väl designat optimerat RAN måste anpassa sig till den existerande nätverks teknologin, både med avseende på äldre befintlig teknologi och på moderna telekomnät, för att kunna skapa bästa möjliga nätverk givet många begränsningar. Det är en missuppfattning i tekniska kretsar att en optimerad IP anpassad RAN arkitektur är mer teoretisk än praktisk. Å andra sidan så är det ovan sagda väldigt beroende på vilken teknologi som har använts. En paket optimerad IP-GSM Radio Access Nätverks (IPGRAN) arkitektur är föreslagen i denna masters uppsats, den baseras på Internet Protokollet (IP) snarare än något egenutvecklat proprietärt protokol för komunikation mellan Basstation (BTS), Basstationscontroller (BSC), och nätets switchade subsystem (NSS). Denna arkitektur måste leverera carrier-grade (operatörs klassad) mobilitet, skalbarhet och tillgänglighet och samtidigt vara optimerat för effektiv roaming, routing och anslutning från avlägsna områden. På ett geografiskt område som sträcker sig runt hela jordklotet är inte klassiska kretskopplade nätverk kostnadseffektiva beroende på deras integrerade signallerings och samtals arkitektur. En bättre arkitektur kan vara en sk “softswitch” lösning som separerar samtalet i en (Media Gateway Controller (MGC)) och signaleringen (Media Gateway (MG)) i separata noder. Denna metod skulle på ett fundamentalt vis ändra det sätt på vilket traditionella kretskopplade tjänster som traditionell telefoni hanteras. För en tjänsteleverantör möjliggör detta ett mycket effektivare nätverk då det möjliggör optimerad utplacering av utrustning för terminering av rösttrafik in i andra operatörers nät. Samlokalisering av media gateways (MG:s) med jordstationer för satellitkommunikation möjliggör lokal anslutning till det allmänna telenätet (PSTN), vilket kraftigt minskar den trafik som behöver transporteras genom operatörens stomnät. Denna mastersuppsats behandlar “softswitching” som en del av metoden att växla och transportera samtalstrafik. Uppsatsen behandlar problemet med att skicka samtalstrafik och signalering från avlägsna områden, effektiv routing och transport av trafiken till den operatör som har den närmaste(alt. mest optimala) anslutningspunkten. Uppsatsen undersöker ett alternativ som använder ett paketförmedlat (IP baserat) transportsätt för att transportera trafiken geografiskt sett så nära den uppringda parten som möjligt innan den termineras i det allmänna telenätet (PSTN) varvid man uppnår optimal växling (alt. routing) av rösttrafik och signalering. I beaktande av ovanstående beskriver uppsatsen en detaljerad nätverksarkitektur och en funktionsduglig systemprototyp för ett maritimt GSM nät som ett utmanande exempel på ett avlägset beläget nät.
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Chitamu, Peter Jonas Joseph. "An adaptive receiver for a digital radio-telephone network." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242551.
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Rogers, William James. "Cross-Layer Game Theoretic Mechanism for Tactical Mobile Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24767.
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In recent years, Software Defined and Cognitive Radios (SDRs and CRs) have become popular topics of research. Game theory has proven to be a useful set of tools for analyzing wireless networks, including Cognitive Networks (CNs). This thesis provides a game theoretic cross-layer mechanism that can be used to control SDRs and CRs. We have constructed an upper-layer Topology Control (TC) game, which decides which links each node uses. A TDMA algorithm which we have adapted is then run on these links. The links and the TDMA schedule are then passed to a lower-layer game, the Link Adaptation Game (LAG), where nodes adjust their transmit power and their link parameters, which in this case are modulation scheme and channel coding rate. It is shown that both the TC game and the LAG converge to a Nash Equilibrium (NE). It is also shown that the solution for the TC game approximates the topology that results from maximizing the utility function when appropriate link costs are used. Also seen is the increase in throughput provided by the LAG when compared to the results of Greedy Rate Packing (GRP).Master of Science
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Martins, Moraes Thiago [Verfasser]. "Advanced Radio Resources Management for Relaying in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks / Thiago Martins Moraes." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080754660/34.
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Goni, Usman S. "Performance evaluation of a direct sequence CDMA system for future mobile radio networks." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339731.
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Griffiths, Alison. "IP multimedia access between 3G/4G mobile radio and fixed packet switched networks." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2004. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/5239/.
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This thesis addresses the problem of managing voice, image and data traffic in a single low bandwidth, interference limited wireless access network where handover takes place The aims of the thesis are to produce a model to enhance the understanding of network traffic behaviour, to produce a model that optimises the allocation of radio channels for different applications and to provide a new approach for reducing the probability of losing a radio connection when changing the connection point to the fixed network. A mathematical model was developed that predicts queue latency and size using Markov models and was compared to a simulation model produced for voice, file transfer, web browsing, database and email applications. This was found to agree with the simulation model for all applications in non-congested networks. A wireless channel allocation algorithm was modelled which helped in the understanding and optimising of channel allocation techniques. This increased the channel capacity, by allowing flexible data rates and bandwidths for different applications. Real-time applications were shown to have the lowest latencies in a mixed application environment, whilst non-real time applications had higher bandwidth requirements due to high instantaneous throughput values. These translate to efficient code allocation and de-allocation. The optimum number of channel request attempts per application was found by heuristic methods. Finally to allow seamless handover, the Cellular IP protocol in conjunction with the novel semi-soft handover algorithm designed was modelled. The semi-soft handover algorithm allows a user to request a channel from a new base station (BS) whilst receiving packets from both the old BS and new BS simultaneously. This model allows users to handover without having an adverse effect on throughput and latency whilst having a very flat hierarchy compared to Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) solutions. The semi-soft mechanism can also be used for vertical handovers to other access methods making this a truly fourth generation (4G) solution.
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Kourtis, Stamatis. "Quality-of-service-based approach for dimensioning and optimisation of mobile cellular networks." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843644/.
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Next generation high performance systems are being standardised assuming a generic service delivery paradigm capable of supporting a diversity of circuit and importantly packet services. However, this flexibility comes at a cost which is the increased complexity of the dimensioning, planning, optimisation and QoS provisioning with respect to previous generation single-service mobile systems. Accurate system dimensioning is of fundamental importance and this thesis explores this requirement at two levels. Firstly, it departs from the common assumption of static users and examines what is the impact of mobile users on the system capacity. Secondly, it examines the impact of voice and web browsing services on the system dimensioning. In spite of the accuracy of dimensioning and planning, load imbalances occur for different reasons, which result in small-scale congestion events in the system. A load equalisation scheme is proposed which utilises the overlapping areas between neighbouring cells in order to eliminate the load imbalances. Essentially, coverage overlapping is needed in order to achieve ubiquitous coverage, hence to eliminate coverage holes. However, excessive overlapping results in capacity loss in interference-limited systems which is virtually the case with all modern systems. Radio coverage optimisation is needed but today this is performed on a cell-by- cell basis producing sub-optimal results. This thesis proposes an advanced coverage optimisation algorithm which takes into consideration simultaneously all cells within the considered area. For the operators (and also the proposed coverage optimisation algorithm) it is Imperative to have accurate path loss predictions. However, contemporary planning tools come with certain limitations, and often time-consuming and expensive measurement campaigns are organised. This thesis builds on the assumption that mobile systems will be able to locate the position of mobile terminals and subsequently proposes an automated process for the estimation of the radio coverage of the network. Lastly, the assumption regarding the positioning capabilities of the mobile systems Is further exploited in order to enhance the QoS guarantees to mobile users. Thus, various algorithms are examined which perform handovers towards base stations which maximise the survivability of the handed over calls.
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Bastos, Joaquim Manuel Camões Sobral de. "Energy Efficient Radio Resource Management for Heterogeneous Networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668364.
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In the continuous evolution of mobile communication systems, there are many issues and aspects to be addressed, as well as in their effective implementation and deployment on cellular networks. In a general way, the most outstanding challenge is how to take the most advantage from the available resources, namely RF spectrum, to satisfy the communication requirements associated to a specific service or application offered to an end user. Energy efficiency has also become one important aspect associated to such requirements, since it has a significant practical impact on operators, namely regarding their networks operational expenditure, as well as on UEs, concerning their battery duration and associated autonomy.
This thesis addresses and targets contributing to the growing concerns regarding energy efficiency in the ICT industry, specifically focusing on cellular wireless networks. Moreover, taking into account the current panorama and developments in this field, namely concerning the emerging 5G communication systems and networks, the heterogeneous network (HetNet) concept is also at the core of the work that has been carried out and is presented in this thesis.
The work takes into consideration the two ends of the considered system of networks. The first are the nomad end users that should be able to roam freely in such system, always with continuous service provided in a seamless way, and the second is the core network managed by the respective telecommunications operator. To achieve this, the work carried out focused in addressing two key challenges in HetNets in general, specifically towards optimizing the energy efficiency associated to vertical handovers (VHO) and to radio resource management (RRM) mechanisms and approaches to allow energy efficient communication in a HetNet.
The work addresses energy efficiency in two different perspectives, each using a different solution exploiting distinct available mechanisms specified for cellular wireless networks. One considers UEs integrating multiple RAT interfaces, and involve a VHO-based solution exploiting IEEE 802.21 standard, and the other targets both core and radio access networks, exploiting a RRM-based solution.
The first proposed energy efficient solution exploiting features provided by IEEE 802.21 (MIH/MIIS) and VHO, targeting energy saving at modern multi-RAT mobile UEs, can eventually reduce the energy consumption at their RAT interfaces by roughly 30% on average, with a straightforward implementation, according to the attained simulation results. However, the currently proposed scheme presents a trade-off in terms of added packet loss linked to UEs velocity, which is mostly caused by delayed network re-association.
In the second solution, for downlink OFDMA HetNet system, the proposed energy efficiency optimization algorithm for radio resource allocation, taking a given data rate requirement into account, associated to QoS, presented fast convergence, which is key in the design of real EE HetNet systems. The algorithm considers not only the radiated power, but also both types of the circuit power. Simulation results can eventually be exploited towards designing optimal energy consumption networks based on QoS-oriented HetNet method, while total power is fixed.
As future work it would also be important to take into account the paradigm shift that arise with the emergence of new standards, namely 3GPP Release 15, placing the stepping stones for 5G systems and networks. In this perspective, at a first instance, it is key to go beyond the assumptions made in this work, by considering C-RAN architecture in the addressed challenge for achieving higher EE, which is a prime concern when redesigning existing and future mobile communication systems, namely in sustainable and environmental perspectives.La continua y rápida evolución de los sistemas de comunicación actuales presenta diversas líneas de actuación, con aspectos muy diversos como el despliegue e implementación eficiente de redes celulares. En este ámbito, el mayor desafío se presenta en cómo aprovechar los recursos disponibles, principalmente en cuanto al espectro RF, para satisfacer los requisitos asociados a los servicios o aplicaciones específicas ofrecidas al usuario final. La eficiencia energética también se ha convertido en un aspecto importante, dentro de los mencionados requisitos, debido al impacto que tiene para los operadores con respecto al coste operacional de las redes, y para el usuario final, debido al efecto en la autonomía de los dispositivos móviles. Este trabajo aborda la eficiencia energética en dos perspectivas diferentes, cada una utilizando una solución diferente que explota los distintos mecanismos disponibles especificados de las redes inalámbricas celulares, en particular HetNets. Uno considera que los dispositivos móviles integran múltiples interfaces RAT e involucran una solución basada en VHO que explota el estándar IEEE 802.21, y el otro apunta a las redes de acceso radio y núcleo de red, explotando una solución basada en RRM. La primera solución de eficiencia energética propuesta aprovecha las características proporcionadas por IEEE 802.21 (MIH / MIIS) y VHO para obtener un ahorro de energía en los dispositivos móviles modernos multi-RAT, y puede eventualmente reducir el consumo de energía en sus interfaces RAT en aproximadamente un 30% en promedio, con una sencilla implementación, de acuerdo con los resultados de la simulación. En la segunda solución, para el sistema OFDMA HetNet de enlace descendente, el algoritmo de optimización de eficiencia energética propuesto para la asignación de recursos de radio, teniendo en cuenta un dado requisito de velocidad de datos, asociado a QoS, presentó una convergencia rápida, lo cual es clave en el diseño de sistemas EE HetNet. El algoritmo considera no solo la potencia radiada, sino también los dos tipos de potencia del circuito. Los resultados de la simulación pueden aprovecharse para diseñar redes de consumo de energía óptimas basadas en el método HetNet orientado a QoS con una potencia total fija.
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Chow, Y. C. "Performance analysis of bandwidth-efficient modulation schemes for high capacity wireless networks 1." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337257.
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Shyam, Mahato Ben Allen. "Radio resource scheduling in homogeneous coordinated multi-point joint transmission of future mobile networks." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/314981.
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The demand of mobile users with high data-rate services continues to increase. To satisfy the needs of such mobile users, operators must continue to enhance their existing networks. The radio interface is a well-known bottleneck because the radio spectrum is limited and therefore expensive. Efficient use of the radio spectrum is, therefore, very important. To utilise the spectrum efficiently, any of the channels can be used simultaneously in any of the cells as long as interference generated by the base stations using the same channels is below an acceptable level. In cellular networks based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), inter-cell interference reduces the performance of the link throughput to users close to the cell edge. To improve the performance of cell-edge users, a technique called Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission is being researched for use in the next generation of cellular networks. For a network to benefit from CoMP, its utilisation of resources should be scheduled efficiently. The thesis focuses on the resource scheduling algorithm development for CoMP joint transmission scheme in OFDMA-based cellular networks. In addition to the algorithm, the thesis provides an analytical framework for the performance evaluation of the CoMP technique. From the system level simulation results, it has been shown that the proposed resource scheduling based on a joint maximum throughput provides higher spectral efficiency compared with a joint proportional fairness scheduling algorithm under different traffic loads in the network and under different criteria of making cell-edge decision. A hybrid model combining the analytical and simulation approaches has been developed to evaluate the average system throughput. It has been found that the results of the hybrid model are in line with the simulation based results. The benefit of the model is that the throughput of any possible call state in the system can be evaluated. Two empirical path loss models in an indoor-to-outdoor environment of a residential area have been developed based on the measurement data at carrier frequencies 900 MHz and 2 GHz. The models can be used as analytical expressions to estimate the level of interference by a femtocell to a macrocell user in link-level simulations.
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Tang, Jin. "Mobile IPv4 Secure Access to Home Networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11536.
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With the fast development of wireless networks and devices, Mobile
IP is expected to be used widely so that mobile users can access
the Internet anywhere, anytime without interruption. However, some
problems, such as firewall traversal and use of private IP
addresses, restrict use of Mobile IP. The objective of this thesis
is to design original schemes that can enable a mobile node at
abroad to access its home network as well as the Internet securely
and that can help Mobile IP to be used widely and commercially.
Our solutions are secure, efficient, and scalable. They can be
implemented and maintained easily. In this thesis, we mainly
consider Mobile IPv4, instead of Mobile IPv6. Three research
topics are discussed. In each topic, the challenges are
investigated and the new solutions are presented.
The first research topic solves the firewall traversal problems in
Mobile IP. A mobile node cannot access its firewall-protected home
network if it fails the authentication by the firewall. We propose
that an IPsec tunnel be established between the firewall and the
foreign agent for firewall traversal and that an IPsec transport
security association be shared by the mobile node and a
correspondent node for end-to-end security.
The second topic researches further on firewall traversal problems
and investigates the way of establishing security associations
among network entities. A new security model and a new key
distribution method are developed. With the help of the security
model and keys, the firewall and the relevant network entities set
up IPsec security associations to achieve firewall traversal.
A mobile node from a private home network cannot communicate with
other hosts with its private home address when it is visiting a
public foreign network. A novel and useful solution is presented
in the third research topic. We suggest that the mobile node use
its Network Access Identifier (NAI) as its identification and
obtain a public home address from its home agent. In addition, a
new tunnel between the mobile node and its home agent is proposed.
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Liu, Xiaoshan. "Mobility and radio resource management in heterogeneous wireless networks." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38233873.
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Barlow, David A. "Router-based traffic engineering in MPLS/DiffServ/HMIP radio access networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15362.
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