Journal articles: 'Private organizations that are publicly funded'

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Alfirevic, Niksa, Jurica Pavicic, and Liljana Najev-Cacija. "Performance of non-profit organizations: Empirical contrasts between privately and publicly funded Croatian humanitarian organizations." Ekonomski anali 59, no. 200 (2014): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1400115a.

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In this paper we contrast different aspects of non-profit organizations? performance from the perspective of their funding sources. Based on previous empirical results indicating that sources of funding influence fundraising performance, we extend the existing research to the analysis of overall non-profit organizational performance. We use the social constructivist approach to non-profit performance to discuss contrasts between privately and publicly funded humanitarian organizations in Croatia. Some differences in growth- and development-oriented measures of nonprofit performance for these groups are identified and discussed in the context of future regional research.

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Ritchie, D. "Management of Health System Reform: A View of Changes within New Zealand." Health Services Management Research 11, no. 3 (August 1998): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489801100305.

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This paper reports on the context and process of health system reform in New Zealand. The study is based on interviews conducted with 31 managers from three Crown Health Enterprises (publicly funded hospital-based health care organizations). A number of countries with publicly funded health services (e.g. UK, Australia and New Zealand) have sought to shift from the traditional ‘passive’ health management style (using transactional management skills to balance historically-based expenditure budgets) to ‘active’ transformational leadership styles that reflect a stronger ‘private sector’ orientation (requiring active management of resources—including a return on ‘capital’ investment, identification of costs and returns on ‘product lines’, ‘marketing’ a ‘product mix’, reducing non-core activities and overhead costs, and a closer relationship with ‘shareholders’, suppliers and customers/clients). Evidence of activities and processes associated with transformational leadership are identified. Success of the New Zealand health reforms will be determined by the approach the new managers adopt to improve their organization's performance. Transformational leadership has been frequently linked to the successful implementation of significant organizational change in other settings (Kurz et al., 1988; Dunphy and Stace, 1990) but it is too early to assess whether this is applicable in a health care context.

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Ostry, Aleck S. "International Trade Regulation and Publicly Funded Health Care in Canada." International Journal of Health Services 31, no. 3 (July 2001): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mt8d-h4ec-jkme-3kd3.

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The World Trade Organization (WTO) creates new challenges for the Canadian health care system, arguably one of the most “socialized” systems in the world today. In particular, the WTO's enhanced trade dispute resolution powers, enforceable with sanctions, may make Canadian health care vulnerable to corporate penetration, particularly in the pharmaceutical and private health services delivery sectors. The Free Trade Agreement and its extension, the North American Free Trade Agreement, gave multinational pharmaceutical companies greater freedom in Canada at the expense of the Canadian generic drug industry. Recent challenges by the WTO have continued this process, which will limit the health care system's ability to control drug costs. And pressure is growing, through WTO's General Agreement on Trade in Services and moves by the Alberta provincial government to privatize health care delivery, to open up the Canadian system to corporate penetration. New WTO agreements will bring increasing pressure to privatize Canada's public health care system and limit government's ability to control pharmaceutical costs.

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Baškarada, Saša, and Brian Hanlon. "Corporate portfolio management in the public sector." Journal of Management Development 37, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-04-2017-0107.

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PurposeAlthough corporate portfolio management (CPM) has been a popular tool for strategic management of multi-business portfolios in the private sector since the late 1960s, it has received limited attention in the public sector. Accordingly, empirical research on the use of CMP in government organizations is virtually non-existent. The purpose of this paper is to partially fill that gap in the literature by highlighting and discussing some of the key points that public sector organizations may need to consider when adopting CPM.Design/methodology/approachRather than deductively proposing and testing narrowly specified hypotheses, this study aims to answer a broad research question, namely: What are the key points that public sector organizations may need to consider when adopting CMP? Hence, the study adopts the qualitative interpretive research paradigm. The findings are based on empirical research conducted in a large Australian publicly funded research organization. Potential application of CPM was iteratively and incrementally explored with a reference group comprising 15 middle management representatives and several members of the senior leadership group over the course of one year.FindingsAssessment criteria traditionally used in CPM (e.g. growth potential and market share) are generally not applicable in public sector organizations. This paper suggests that government organizations should instead consider past performance and future potential of individual business units, which may be operationalized via capability (a function of human capital and associated resources/infrastructure) and delivery (a function of the demand for, and the impact of, relevant business units). The paper also highlights the importance of organization-wide consultation, evidence-based decision making, and contestability.Originality/valueFrom a practical perspective, the paper may assist public sector organizations with adapting and applying CPM. From a theoretical perspective, the paper highlights an important and relatively neglected research problem, and suggests several avenues for future research.

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Angelis, Jannis, and Henrik Jordahl. "Merciful yet effective elderly care performance management practices." Measuring Business Excellence 19, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-11-2014-0046.

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Purpose – The study aims to compare management practices in private and publicly owned elderly care homes. The demands for cost-effective care combined with emphasis on client experience highlights the importance of appropriate management practices. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilises a survey of 500 homes covering management practices on monitoring, performance management and staff development. These are highly correlated, allowing for treating the practices both in aggregate and individually in the analysis. Additional questions capture information on site and management conditions. Findings – Management practices employed at the elderly care homes vary greatly, with high and low individual scores found in most homes. But private homes consistently score higher than public homes, especially when it comes to incentive practices. Also, elderly care homes of both ownership forms score at the top and bottom of each management practice. But looking at the average management score, there are fewer private homes that score really low and more private homes that score really high. Practical implications – The results identify given characteristics and maturity of the various management practices employed to plan and control operations in the elderly care homes and provides managerial and staff insights into their use. Originality/value – The application and impact of standard management practices has previously been limited in publicly funded services. Little is known about management practices in elderly care and whether the practices are associated with better performance.

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Laing, Angus. "Meeting patient expectations: healthcare professionals and service re-engineering." Health Services Management Research 15, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095148402320176675.

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A central theme underpinning the reform of healthcare systems in western economies since the 1980s has been the emphasis on reorienting service provision around the patient. Healthcare organizations have been forced to re-appraise the design of the service delivery process, specifically the service encounter, to take account of these changing patient expectations. This reorientation of healthcare services around the patient has fundamental implications for healthcare professionals, specifically challenging the dominance of service professionals in the design and delivery of health services. Utilizing a qualitative methodological framework, this paper explores the responses of healthcare professionals to service redesign initiatives implemented in acute NHS hospitals in Scotland and considers the implications of such professional responses for the development of patient-focused service delivery. Within this, it specifically examines evolving professional perspectives on the place of a service user focus in a publicly funded healthcare system, professional attitudes towards private sector managerial practices, and the dynamics of changing professional behaviour.

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Hursh, David. "The end of public schools? The corporate reform agenda to privatize education." Policy Futures in Education 15, no. 3 (April 2017): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210317715799.

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In this speech, Hursh shows how public education in the United States is undergoing profound changes. Education policy has been hijacked by the unelected and unaccountable corporate reformers who aspire to overhaul the education system through a corporate model of privatization and market competition. They aim to privatize education through expanding the number of publicly funded privately administered charter schools, and hand over making tests and curriculum to corporations. They desire to replace public state-run teacher education programs with programs run by charter schools, such as the Relay Graduate School. They shift where education policy is made: away from the local and public levels where parents, teachers, community members and students can have input, and towards private and often dark spaces where wealthy philanthropists, corporations, nongovernmental organizations, and hedge fund managers dominate. He also shows how educators, parents, students, and community members have collaborated in pushing back against the corporate reformers and have repealed some of the corporate reforms.

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de Souza, Andrea, Joshua A. Bittker, David L. Lahr, Steve Brudz, Simon Chatwin, Tudor I. Oprea, Anna Waller, et al. "An Overview of the Challenges in Designing, Integrating, and Delivering BARD." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 5 (January 17, 2014): 614–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057113517139.

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Recent industry–academic partnerships involve collaboration among disciplines, locations, and organizations using publicly funded “open-access” and proprietary commercial data sources. These require the effective integration of chemical and biological information from diverse data sources, which presents key informatics, personnel, and organizational challenges. The BioAssay Research Database (BARD) was conceived to address these challenges and serve as a community-wide resource and intuitive web portal for public-sector chemical-biology data. Its initial focus is to enable scientists to more effectively use the National Institutes of Health Roadmap Molecular Libraries Program (MLP) data generated from the 3-year pilot and 6-year production phases of the Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN), which is currently in its final year. BARD evolves the current data standards through structured assay and result annotations that leverage BioAssay Ontology and other industry-standard ontologies, and a core hierarchy of assay definition terms and data standards defined specifically for small-molecule assay data. We initially focused on migrating the highest-value MLP data into BARD and bringing it up to this new standard. We review the technical and organizational challenges overcome by the interdisciplinary BARD team, veterans of public- and private-sector data-integration projects, who are collaborating to describe (functional specifications), design (technical specifications), and implement this next-generation software solution.

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Khovrenkov, Iryna. "Does Foundation Giving Stimulate or Suppress Private Giving? Evidence from a Panel of Canadian Charities." Public Finance Review 47, no. 2 (September 22, 2017): 382–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142117730634.

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As non-governmental providers of public goods, charities are funded by governments and also by individuals and foundations. How do foundation grants to charities affect private donations to these organizations? The standard economic theory on voluntary contributions to the public good hypothesizes that foundation giving will crowd out private donations. An alternative giving dynamic may arise whereby foundations act as complements to private donations because they can provide a signal of charity quality to individuals and thereby influence their decisions to give. This article offers a rigorous empirical analysis of the relationship between foundation and private donations by utilizing a unique data set on Canadian social welfare and community charities matched with their foundation donors. Empirical findings confirm that an additional dollar of foundation grants to charities crowds in private giving by three dollars on average, suggesting that private donors may look to foundation grants for information on charities to make informed giving decisions.

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Denis, Jean-Louis, Ann Langley, and Daniel Lozeau. "The Role and Impact of Formal Strategic Planning in Public Hospitals." Health Services Management Research 8, no. 2 (May 1995): 86–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489500800202.

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In recent years, formal strategic planning methods originally developed for private business have been increasingly adopted by health care institutions, including publicly funded hospitals. Yet, as a technocratic management process, formal planning may seem at first sight to run counter to the natural mode of strategy formation in these organizations where negotiation and mutual adjustment between powerful groups of professionals, managers and government agencies traditionally control decision-making. This article describes an exploratory study aimed at understanding how formal strategic planning has become integrated and adapted into the management practices of a group of 23 Canadian hospitals. The context, processes and impact of planning are first examined over the entire sample of hospitals (descriptive analysis), and an attempt is then made to explain different planning outcomes in terms of a variety of contextual and process design characteristics (comparative analysis). The descriptive analysis shows that in practice formal strategic planning is easily absorbed into the political process: political and symbolic motives often drive the initiation of planning, the processes themselves are highly participative and the resulting plans often reflect the difficulties of obtaining consensus on goals in these complex organizations. The comparative analysis suggests that in general, contextual factors (eg, stimuli behind planning) appear to be more significant than process design factors (eg, extent of participation) in determining outcomes. In conclusion, it is noted that the confrontation between technocratic rationality and professional bureaucracy gives rise to a number of paradoxes that make both the use and the subsequent evaluation of formal strategic planning a difficult task in these organizations.

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Chapman, Herrick. "Paul V. Dutton,Origins of the French Welfare State: The Struggle for Social Reform in France, 1914–1947. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. xiii + 251 pp. $65.00 cloth; $27.00 paper." International Labor and Working-Class History 66 (October 2004): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904210249.

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Comparative studies of social policy usually portray the French welfare state as lagging behind most of its counterparts in Western Europe during the first decades of the twentieth century. The sheer complexity of the French system, moreover, with its baroque mixture of separate private, government and quasi-public funds, made it exceptional as well. Yet tardiness and complexity by no means prevented the French from expanding social insurance at an especially rapid clip in the decades following the Second World War. By 1980 France spent more on social security as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product than any country in Europe except Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands. Today the French are among Europe's most stalwart defenders of publicly funded pensions and health insurance. Given its unimpressive beginnings, how did the French welfare state become such a heavyweight?

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Schlegelmilch, Jeffrey, Jonathan Sury, Jeremy Brooks, and Thomas Chandler. "A Philanthropic Approach to Supporting Emergent Disaster Response and Recovery." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.97.

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ABSTRACTIn August 2017, Hurricane Harvey struck the US Gulf Coast and caused more than US $125 billion in damages in Texas. The loss of lives and the economic damages resulted in an outpouring of support for the recovery efforts in the form of federal assistance and private donations. The latter has supported more creative approaches to recovery. Organizations that normally would not receive funding were able to obtain resources to use in novel manners. Using the framework of Dynes typology to identify groups and their respective structures and tasks, this report from the field analyzes Hurricane Harvey and the financial support mechanisms used to support recovery efforts in Texas, what organizations were funded to do, and where they fit into Dynes typology. The authors close by noting the importance of these emerging organizations and the need to support diversity in funding disaster response and recovery efforts beyond large nonprofit organizations.

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Wessner, Charles W. "How Does Germany Do It?" Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-nov-3.

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This article focuses on the economic share of manufacturing industry in Germany and the role of Fraunhofer–Gesellschaft in maintaining the same. A principal factor in the manufacturing success of German small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) is the Fraunhofer–Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer Society), an independent non-governmental organization that provides high-quality, short-term, affordable applied research that small- and medium-sized firms could not otherwise afford. Fraunhofer's model is a classic government–industry partnership. The federal and state governments, private contract research, and publicly funded contract research each provide roughly one-third of its funding. Germany's government has long supported the application of technology to manufacturing. Its ongoing support for large-scale practical industrial research for small and large companies has helped keep factories and jobs in Germany. There is a need to focus more resources on applied research to harvest the benefits of the investments the nation already makes in basic technology.

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Unger, Jean-Pierre, Pierre De Paepe, Patrick Van Dessel, and Alicia Stolkiner. "The production of critical theories in Health Systems Research and Education. An epistemological approach to emancipating public research and education from private interests." Health, Culture and Society 1, no. 1 (October 11, 2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2011.50.

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This paper aims at offering alternative methodological perspectives in health systems research, to produce critical, theoretical knowledge in domains such as health policy and management of health care, organization of disease control, political economy of health and medical practice.We first examined the reasons to believe that worldwide economic agents have driven publicly funded schools of public health to adopt their preferred policies and to orient their priority research topics. We then studied whether this hidden leadership has also contributed to shape research methodologies, which we contrasted with the epistemological consequences of a quest for intellectual independence, that is, the researcher’s quest to critically understand the state of health systems and generalize results of related action-research. To do so, we applied concepts of what could be named the ‘French School of Critical Sociology’ to qualitative research methodologies in descriptive health systems research. To do so, we applied concepts of what could be named the ‘French School of Critical Sociology’ to qualitative research methodologies in descriptive health systems research.

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Archer, Norman, Cynthia Lokker, Maryam Ghasemaghaei, and Deborah DiLiberto. "eHealth Implementation Issues in Low-Resource Countries: Model, Survey, and Analysis of User Experience." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e23715. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23715.

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Background The implementation of eHealth in low-resource countries (LRCs) is challenged by limited resources and infrastructure, lack of focus on eHealth agendas, ethical and legal considerations, lack of common system interoperability standards, unreliable power, and shortage of trained workers. Objective The aim of this study is to describe and study the current situation of eHealth implementation in a small number of LRCs from the perspectives of their professional eHealth users. Methods We developed a structural equation model that reflects the opinions of professional eHealth users who work on LRC health care front lines. We recruited country coordinators from 4 LRCs to help recruit survey participants: India, Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya. Through a web-based survey that focused on barriers to eHealth implementation, we surveyed 114 participants. We analyzed the information using a structural equation model to determine the relationships among the constructs in the model, including the dependent variable, eHealth utilization. Results Although all the model constructs were important to participants, some constructs, such as user characteristics, perceived privacy, and perceived security, did not play a significant role in eHealth utilization. However, the constructs related to technology infrastructure tended to reduce the impact of concerns and uncertainties (path coefficient=−0.32; P=.001), which had a negative impact on eHealth utilization (path coefficient=−0.24; P=.01). Constructs that were positively related to eHealth utilization were implementation effectiveness (path coefficient=0.45; P<.001), the countries where participants worked (path coefficient=0.29; P=.004), and whether they worked for privately or publicly funded institutions (path coefficient=0.18; P<.001). As exploratory research, the model had a moderately good fit for eHealth utilization (adjusted R2=0.42). Conclusions eHealth success factors can be categorized into 5 groups; our study focused on frontline eHealth workers’ opinions concerning 2 of these groups: technology and its support infrastructure and user acceptance. We found significant disparities among the responses from different participant groups. Privately funded organizations tended to be further ahead with eHealth utilization than those that were publicly funded. Moreover, participant comments identified the need for more use of telemedicine in remote and rural regions in these countries. An understanding of these differences can help regions or countries that are lagging in the implementation and use of eHealth technologies. Our approach could also be applied to detailed studies of the other 3 categories of success factors: short- and long-term funding, organizational factors, and political or legislative aspects.

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Siliunas, Andreja, Mario L. Small, and Joseph Wallerstein. "We can help, but there’s a catch." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-04-2018-0018.

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Purpose Today, low-income people seeking resources from the federal government must often work through non-profit organizations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the constraints that the poor must face today to secure resources through non-profit organizations. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper. The authors review cases of non-profit organizations providing federally supported resources to the poor across multiple sectors. Findings The authors find that to accept government contracts serving the poor, nonprofit organizations must often engage in one or several practices: reject clients normally consistent with their mission, select clients based on likely outcomes, ignore problems in clients’ lives relevant to their predicament, or undermine client progress to manage funding requirements. To secure government-supported resources from nonprofits, the poor must often acquiesce to intrusions into one or more of the following: their privacy (disclosing sensitive information), their self-protection (renouncing legal rights), their identity (avowing a particular self-understanding) or their self-mastery (relinquishing authority over daily routines). Originality/value The authors show that the nonprofits’ dual role as brokers, both liaisons transferring resources and representatives of the state, can complicate their relation to their clients and the predicament of the poor themselves; the authors suggest that two larger trends, toward increasing administrative accountability and demonstrating deservingness, are having both intended and unintended consequences for the ability of low-income individuals to gain access to publicly funded resources.

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Ahern, Frank, and Nessa O'Doherty. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN IRELAND." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16, no. 2 (April 2000): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300101096.

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Ireland's health system is primarily funded from general taxation and is publicly provided, although private health care retains a considerable role. It is a unique structure, a mixture of universal health service free at the point of consumption and a fee-based private system where individuals subscribe to private health insurance that covers some of their medical expenses. The recent history of the Irish health services saw consolidation of existing services and an expansion into new areas to adapt to changing practices and needs. There has also been a drive to extract maximum efficiency so as to maintain the volume and quality of patient services at a time of very tight financial constraints. Introduction of new health technologies continued to accelerate. New technologies tended to spread rapidly before systematic appraisal of their costs and benefits. When the state is involved in funding the public hospital system, acceptance of new technology is a matter for discussion between agencies and the Department of Health and Children. Decisions about spending annual “development funding” have generally not been based on careful assessment of proposals for new technology. In 1995, a healthcare reform put new Public Health Departments in Health Boards in a prime position in Ireland's health services organization. These departments now emphasize evidence-based medicine. While Ireland does not have a national health technology assessment (HTA) program, there are plans to form an advisory group on HTA in 1998. HTA is seen as a significant element of future health policy in Ireland.

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Tripathy, JP, J. Jagnoor, BM Prasad, and R. Ivers. "Cost of injury care in India: cross-sectional analysis of National Sample Survey 2014." Injury Prevention 24, no. 2 (July 19, 2017): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042318.

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BackgroundInjuries account for nearly 10% of total deaths in India and this burden is likely to rise. We aimed to estimate the out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure and catastrophic expenditure due to hospitalisation or outpatient care as a result of any injury and factors associated with incurring catastrophic expenditure.MethodsSecondary analysis of nationally representative data for India collected by National Sample Survey Organization in 2014, reporting on health service utilisation and healthcare-related OOP expenditure by income quintiles and by type of health facility (public or private).ResultsThe median expenditure per episode of hospitalisation due to any injury was US$156, and it was three times higher among the richest quintile compared with the poorest quintile (p<0.001). There was a significantly higher prevalence (p<0.001) of catastrophic expenditure among the poorest quintile (32%) compared with the richest (21%). Mean private sector OOP hospitalisation expenditure was five times higher than in the public sector (p<0.001). Medicines accounted for 37% and 58% of public sector hospitalisation and outpatient care, respectively. Patients treated in a private facility, hospitalised for over 7 days, in the poorest wealth quintiles and of general caste had higher odds of incurring catastrophic expenditure.ConclusionPeople who sustain an injury have a high risk of catastrophic household expenditure, particularly for those in lowest income quartiles. There is a clear need for publicly funded risk protection mechanisms targeting the poor. Promotion of generic medicines and subsidisation for the poorest wealth quintile may also reduce OOP expenditure in public sector facilities.

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Wältermann, Michael, Georg Wolff, and Olaf Rank. "Formal and informal cross-cluster networks and the role of funding: A multi-level network analysis of the collaboration among publicly and privately funded cluster organizations and their managers." Social Networks 58 (July 2019): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2019.03.003.

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Chadborn, Neil, Chris Craig, Gina Sands, Justine Schneider, and John Gladman. "Improving community support for older people’s needs through commissioning third sector services: a qualitative study." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 24, no. 2 (April 2019): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819619829774.

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Aim This exploratory study of commissioning third sector services for older people aimed to explore whether service data was fed back to commissioners and whether this could improve intelligence about the population and hence inform future commissioning decisions. Background Third sector services are provided through charities and non-profit community organizations, and over recent years services have developed that assess and advise people for self-management or provide wellbeing support in the community. Third sector services have an opportunity to reach vulnerable populations and to provide intelligence about them. Some third sector services are state funded (commissioned) in the United Kingdom. While evidence is available about the commissioning of statutory health and social care, as well as private providers, there is limited evidence about how third sector health services are funded. Methods Participants were recruited from commissioner organizations and third sector organizations, both with an interest in supporting the independence, self-management and wellbeing of older people. Organizations were recruited from five purposively selected sites within one region of England (East Midlands). Semi-structured interviews explored the relationships between commissioners and providers and the nature of funding arrangements, including co-production. Interviews also explored collection of data within the service and how data were fed back to commissioners. Focus groups were held with older people with the potential to benefit from wellbeing services. Results Commissioning arrangements were varied, sometimes complex, and often involved co-production with the third sector. Commissioners valued third sector organizations for their engagement with the local community, value for money, outreach services and ability to provide information about the community. Assessing the needs and outcomes of individuals was integral to delivery of support and advice to older people. Diverse approaches were used to assess an individual’s needs and outcomes, although there were concerns that some assessment questionnaires may be too complex for this vulnerable group. Assessment and outcomes data were also used to monitor the service contract and there was potential for the data to be summarized to inform commissioning strategies, but commissioners did not report using assessment data in this way, in practice. While the policy context encouraged partnerships with third sector organizations and their involvement in decision making, the relationship with third sector organizations was not valued within contract arrangements, and may have been made more difficult by the tendering process and the lack of analysis of service data. Conclusion This exploratory study has demonstrated a diversity of commissioning arrangements for third sector services across one region of England. Most commissioners invited co-production; that is, the commissioners sought input from the third sector while specifying details of the service. Service data, including assessments of needs and outcomes, were reported to commissioners, however commissioners did not appear to use this to full advantage to inform future commissioning decisions. This may indicate a need to improve measurement of needs and outcomes in order to improve the credibility of the commissioning process.

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Burch, Elizabeth Chamblee. "Publicly Funded Objectors." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 19, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2018-0002.

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Abstract On paper, class actions run like clockwork. But practice suggests the need for tune-ups: sometimes judges still approve settlements rife with red flags, and professional objectors may be more concerned with shaking down class counsel than with improving class member’s outcomes. The lack of data on the number of opt-outs, objectors, and claims rates fuels debates on both sides, for little is known about how well or poorly class members actually fare. This reveals a ubiquitous problem — information barriers confront judges, objectors, and even reformers. Rule 23’s answer is to empower objectors. At best, objectors are a partial fix. They step in as the adversarial process breaks down in an attempt to resurrect the information-generating function that culture creates. And, as the proposed changes to Rule 23’s handling of objectors reflect, turmoil exists over how to encourage noble objectors that benefit class members while staving off those that namely seek rents from class counsel. The U.S. class-action scheme is not the only one that relies on private actors to perform public functions: citizens privately fund political campaigns, and private lobbyists provide research and information to lawmakers about public bills and policies. Across disciplines, the best responses to those challenges have often been to level up, not down. This Article therefore proposes a leveling up approach to address judges’ information deficit such that they can better perform their monitoring role. By relying on public funds to subsidize data collection efforts and nonprofit objectors’ information-gathering function, we can disrupt private class counsel’s disproportionate influence.

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Pindera, L. "Increasing private delivery of publicly funded services?" Canadian Medical Association Journal 172, no. 2 (January 18, 2005): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.045229.

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Hertzman-Miller, Ruth, Malgorzata Dawiskiba, and Cassie Frank. "Immigrants' Experience with Publicly Funded Private Health Insurance." New England Journal of Medicine 363, no. 6 (August 5, 2010): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmc1005451.

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Akpinar, Ilke, Dat T. Tran, and Philip Jacobs. "Publicly funded clinical research in Canada." Healthcare Management Forum 32, no. 6 (July 2, 2019): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470419827320.

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Clinical research is funded by industry, governments, charities, and hospitals. It is important to know the economic commitment of the various funding bodies, but until now there has been no national source available which provides these data. We surveyed the major funders to provide such a measure. There is evidence that government and charity funding of medical research is a trigger for private sector research investment; therefore, tracking all sources of funding for clinical research will provide policy-makers with an overall picture of health research funding. These data support policy decision-making related to clinical research in Canada.

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Young, Alexander S., Greer Sullivan, Dennis Murata, Roland Sturm, and Paul Koegel. "Implementing Publicly Funded Risk Contracts With Community Mental Health Organizations." Psychiatric Services 49, no. 12 (December 1998): 1579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.49.12.1579.

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Mead, Joseph, and Katherine Warren. "Quasi-Governmental Organizations at the Local Level: Publicly-Appointed Directors Leading Nonprofit Organizations." Nonprofit Policy Forum 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 289–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2014-0044.

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AbstractQuasi-Governmental Organizations (QGOs) are organizations that have both public and private characteristics, not fitting neatly into either category. One type of QGO is an organization incorporated as a private, nonprofit organization, but run by a board of directors that is composed of government officials or directors appointed by a unit of traditional government. These QGOs pose distinct conceptual and policy challenges that differ from those of traditional government entities or purely private nonprofits. Drawing on a convenience sample of five such QGOs incorporated in one metropolitan region (Greater Cleveland, Ohio), this piece explores potential reasons for, and possible pitfalls of, mixing private organizational legal status with public-affiliated leaders by developing a framework and proposing a research agenda for future study.

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White, Kari, Anthony Campbell, Kristine Hopkins, Daniel Grossman, and Joseph E. Potter. "Barriers to Offering Vasectomy at Publicly Funded Family Planning Organizations in Texas." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988317694296.

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Few publicly funded family planning clinics in the United States offer vasectomy, but little is known about the reasons this method is not more widely available at these sources of care. Between February 2012 and February 2015, three waves of in-depth interviews were conducted with program administrators at 54 family planning organizations in Texas. Participants described their organization’s vasectomy service model and factors that influenced how frequently vasectomy was provided. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using a theme-based approach. Service models and barriers to providing vasectomy were compared by organization type (e.g., women’s health center, public health clinic) and receipt of Title X funding. Two thirds of organizations did not offer vasectomy on-site or pay for referrals with family planning funding; nine organizations frequently provided vasectomy. Organizations did not widely offer vasectomy because they could not find providers that would accept the low reimbursement for the procedure or because they lacked funding for men’s reproductive health care. Respondents often did not perceive men’s reproductive health care as a service priority and commented that men, especially Latinos, had limited interest in vasectomy. Although organizations of all types reported barriers, women’s health centers and Title X-funded organizations more frequently offered vasectomy by conducting tailored outreach to men and vasectomy providers. A combination of factors operating at the health systems and provider level influence the availability of vasectomy at publicly funded family planning organizations in Texas. Multilevel approaches that address key barriers to vasectomy provision would help organizations offer comprehensive contraceptive services.

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Karnon, Jonathan, Bahareh Mesgarian Haghighi, Babu Sajjad, Sokunthea Yem, Anuji Gamage, and Aaron Thorpe. "COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE CONTRACTING TO REDUCE PUBLIC WAITING TIMES FOR JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, no. 2 (2018): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317004524.

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Objectives:Earlier treatment of publicly funded patients may achieve health gains that justify the additional costs of reducing waiting times. This study reports on the cost-effectiveness of implementing a private contracting model to meet alternative maximum waiting time targets for publicly funded patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery in Australia.Methods:A linked decision tree and cohort Markov model was developed and populated and validated using secondary data sources to represent the pathways, costs, and quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained of non-urgent patients with alternative waiting times for total knee replacement surgery to a maximum age of 100 years.Results:Assuming public waiting times are reduced through the purchase of private services, additional QALYs are gained at an incremental cost of less than $40,000. Value could be increased if lower private prices could be negotiated. Results are also sensitive to the rate of deterioration in function while waiting for surgery and the impact of functional status at the time of surgery on postsurgery outcomes.Conclusions:More evidence on the value of expanded capacity or new models of care may inform new funding models to support such investments and reduced prices for new technologies, leading to more efficient and sustainable publicly funded healthcare systems.

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Ng, Teng Fong, Michael F. Leahy, Bradley Augustson, Sally Burrow, Philip Vlaskovsky, Ben Carnley, and Matthew P. F. Wright. "Survival of Patients with Multiple Myeloma in Western Australia, a Large State of 2.5 Million Square Kilometers: A Population Based Study." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112148.

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Abstract Background There has been concern that patients with malignant disease from remote and regional country areas may have adverse outcomes compared with those from cities. Western Australia (WA) with an area of 2,526,786 square kilometers, is one third the size of Australia. It has a population of 2.6 million of which 92% live in the capital city Perth and the southwest corner. In WA, multiple myeloma is managed in tertiary public hospitals and private physician practice located in Perth. While oral based immunomodulators and alkylators are readily delivered in the regional areas, patients travel to Perth for parenteral chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. The WA state government subsidizes transport and accommodation for patients from regional areas to travel to Perth for treatment and clinical review via the Patient Assisted Travel Scheme (PATS). Telehealth through video conferencing is also used for review of patients on oral-based anti-myeloma treatment or during surveillance periods to avoid expensive and time-consuming travel to Perth. The Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS), a non-profit medical organization, provides prompt transfer of unwell patients from regional and remote areas of WA to Perth. Pathology services in remote regions are provided by the publicly funded PathWest organization. Method We retrospectively reviewed the survival outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma in the WA public healthcare system. Patients diagnosed between 2008 to 2017 were included (n=569). Staging information was extracted from the laboratory information system and the cytogenetic database in PathWest. Patient demographics, complications requiring admission, mortality and follow-up data were extracted from the public hospital patient management systems. Patients were segregated into regional or metropolitan by their residential address postcodes. Patients diagnosed and/or followed-up in the private sector were excluded. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves, Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Result Median age at diagnosis was 67 years old (range 29 to 98), with 56% above 65 years. 56% were males, 44% were females. Overall median survival was 46 months (95%CI:41,52). 1-year, 3-years and 5-years survival rates were 80%, 56% and 30% respectively. 25% (n=143) of patients resided in regional areas. No statistically significant difference in overall survival time between patients from metropolitan and regional areas was identified (p=0.2): 47 months (95% CI:43,54) and 42 months (95% CI: 33,54) respectively. Subgroup analysis also did not find any significant difference in overall survival of each R-ISS staging between metropolitan and regional areas. Discussion This retrospective study provides real-life survival data of of an Australian-based population in a state with a large land mass and low population density outside the capital city. The overall survival of patients living in regional areas was not significantly different from those living in the capital city. This gives credence to the benefit of the WA government supported regional network of travel, accommodation and Telehealth conferencing overcoming the distance barrier in the provision of comprehensive medical care in the management of a hematological malignancy. Figure. Figure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Tomm, Jillian. "Cyberspace and private-interest funding." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 23, Issue 3 23, no. 3 (April 1, 2003): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.2003.23.3.3.

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The involvement of advertisers in the development of internet search tools raises issues concerning the integrity of information access. Vested interests already intrude in selection and ranking techniques, and it would be incautious to assume that commercial interests will adhere to ideals of open and equal access. Government and publicly funded initiatives that afford opportunities for collaboration with the private sector provide alternatives to the commercial model of development.

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Cantrell, Ronald P. "Rice Genomics and the Future of Publicly Funded Rice Research." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 06, no. 24 (November 25, 2002): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030302001891.

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The article is about the sequencing of the rice genome, benefits of biotechnology, beyond rice breeding, financial constraint, the cooperation with private sector, public-privatization act, International Functional Genomics Working Group and the training of the scientists.

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Kretz, Andrew. "Inventions for Industry. Canadian Patents and Development Limited and the Commercialization of University Research in Canada." Scientia Canadensis 36, no. 2 (October 22, 2014): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027020ar.

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From 1948 to 1991, Canadian Patents and Development Limited (CPDL) managed the commercialization of inventions and discoveries arising from government departments and agencies, as well as those disclosed to it by universities and others publicly funded organizations. The existence of CPDL, however, is rarely recognized in scholarship and discussions of Canadian science, technology, and innovation; its history is largely unobserved. This paper introduces a history of CPDL into the literature and contributes to a more complete understanding of the history of technology transfer in Canada. In so doing, this paper may help those interested in research commercialization understand the dynamics affecting technology transfer intermediary organizations and government policy instruments promoting the patenting and licensing of publicly funded research.

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ATANASOVA, CHRISTINA, and EVAN GATEV. "Pension plan risk-taking: does it matter if the sponsor is publicly-traded?" Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 12, no. 2 (November 12, 2012): 218–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747212000339.

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AbstractWe use a large sample of defined benefit (DB) pension plans to document economically significant differences in the risk-taking of plans sponsored by privately-held versus publicly-traded firms. The magnitude and the main determinants of pension plan risk-taking are different for public and private firms. The effect of pension liabilities’ funded status on risk-taking is two and a half times higher for plans with publicly-traded sponsors than for plans with private sponsors. In contrast, changing sponsor contributions has more than four times higher effect on risk-taking for plans with private sponsors. The results suggest that the alignment of incentives for the stakeholders in a pension contract is different for plans sponsored by private versus publicly-traded firms.

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Coulter, Kendra, and Brittany Campbell. "Public Investment in Animal Protection Work: Data from Manitoba, Canada." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030516.

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There is a dearth of research on animal cruelty investigations policy and work, despite its importance for protecting animals from illegal forms of cruelty. This study provides baseline data about the approach used in Manitoba, one of the only Canadian provinces where animal protection is publicly funded. By integrating statistical and qualitative data collected through interviews with key informants, this paper elucidates how animal cruelty investigations are organized and undertaken in the province. Although animal protection in Manitoba is publicly funded, the workforce responsible for undertaking investigations is a cross-section of public and private actors with different occupational classifications and working conditions.

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Clawson, Dan, and Naomi Gerstel. "Caring for Our Young: Child Care in Europe and the United States." Contexts 1, no. 4 (November 2002): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2002.1.4.28.

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Parents in the United States struggle to find and afford even mediocre private child care. Most European countries provide quality publicly-funded programs. Should child care emphasize education or play? Parents or peers? Organized care or parental involvement?

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Kapczynski, Amy. "Realizing Public Rights Through Government Patent Use." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 49, no. 1 (2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2021.7.

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AbstractA substantial portion of biomedical R&D is publicly funded. But resulting medicines are typically covered by patents held by private firms, and priced without regard to the public’s investment. The Bayh-Dole Act provides a possible remedy, but its scope is limited.

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Lyzwinski, Lynnette Nathalie. "Should community-based services be publicly funded or contracted out?" Palliative and Supportive Care 11, no. 3 (July 6, 2012): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951512000454.

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AbstractObjective:The introduction of Canada's Medicare in 1966 established precedence for a universally accessible and equitable healthcare system. Although Canada has been a leader in building the foundations of socialized medicine, it has stalled short of fulfilling a vision promulgated by its architects of a system that operates on a continuum of care. The aim of this review was to examine whether the expansion of publicly funded services under the Canada Health Act would be an economically and socially viable policy option.Method:A literature review of the direct and indirect social and economic costs associated with contracting out community-based services in the form of outpatient rehabilitative care, palliative care, and home care was conducted.Results:This article concludes that the private financing of community-based services increases healthcare costs in the long term through increased density and frequency of acute care utilization. It is associated with increased indirect costs in the form of caregiver burden and reduced labor market participation of informal caregivers. The expansion of publicly funded community-based services minimizes these direct health and indirect societal costs.Significance of results:The integration of publicly funded community-based services under the Canada Health Act would ensure that the principles of Medicare in the form of equity and accessibility would be enforced while maintaining an economically sustainable healthcare system.

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McGuire, Robert A., Robert L. Ohsfeldt, and T. Norman Van Cott. "More on the choice between public and private production of a publicly funded service." Public Choice 66, no. 2 (August 1990): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00127803.

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Provan, K. G., J. E. Beagles, L. Mercken, and S. J. Leischow. "Awareness of Evidence-Based Practices by Organizations in a Publicly Funded Smoking Cessation Network." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 23, no. 1 (April 19, 2012): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus011.

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Laverty, Hugh, Kristina Maria Orrling, Fabrizio Giordanetto, Magali Poinot, Eckhard Ottow, Ton Wilhelmus Rijnders, Dimitrios Tzalis, and Stefan Jaroch. "The European lead factory—an experiment in collaborative drug discovery." Journal of Medicines Development Sciences 1, no. 1 (November 17, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/jmds.2015.01.009.

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The European Lead Factory (ELF) is a unique collaborative public–private partnership aiming to deliver innovative drug discovery starting points and improving the value generated by ultra-High Throughput Screening (uHTS) approaches. Composed of a unique compound collection derived from private pharmaceutical company collections and complemented with new chemistries from a unique public collection, it offers a unique uHTS platform accessible to both private companies and publicly funded researchers. One of the key challenges in setting up ELF has been to balance access to screening results with protecting the value of compounds in the collection. Through an ‘honest data broker’ data management platform and a royalty reward scheme based on achieved milestones, ELF has been able to overcome these challenges. Set up in 2013, it has already accepted 42 targets for screening, submitted by publicly funded researchers, and generated 12 Qualified Hit Lists. In addition, 55,000 new library compounds have been generated by the public partners and added to the 320,000 compounds made available by the companies. Although it faced many challenges in becoming operational, this unique experiment in collaboration is already generating exciting results that will hopefully, eventually lead to better medicines and tools to advance our biological knowledge, and should act as a template for future approaches in the area.

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Diminic, Sandra, and Mary Bartram. "Does Introducing Public Funding for Allied Health Psychotherapy Lead to Reductions in Private Insurance Claims? Lessons for Canada from the Australian Experience." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743718784941.

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Objective: Provincial and territorial governments are considering how best to improve access to psychotherapy from the current patchwork of programmes. To achieve the best value for money, new funding needs to reach a wider population rather than simply replacing services funded through insurance benefits. We considered lessons for Canada from the relative uptake of private insurance and public funding for allied health psychotherapy in Australia. Method: We analysed published administrative claims data from 2003–2004 to 2014–2015 on Australian privately insured psychologist services, publicly insured psychotherapy under the ‘Better Access’ initiative, and public grant funding for psychotherapy through the ‘Access to Allied Psychological Services’ programme. Utilisation was compared to the prevalence of mental disorders and treatment rates in the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Results: The introduction of public funding for psychotherapy led to a 52.1% reduction in private insurance claims. Costs per session were more than double under private insurance and likely contributed to individuals with private coverage choosing to instead access public programmes. However, despite substantial community unmet need, we estimate just 0.4% of the population made private insurance claims in the 2006–2007 period. By contrast, from its introduction, growth in the utilisation of Better Access quickly dwarfed other programmes and led to significantly increased community access to treatment. Conclusions: Although insurance in Canada is sponsored by employers, psychology claims also appear surprisingly low, and unmet need similarly high. Careful consideration will be needed in designing publicly funded psychotherapy programmes to prepare for the high demand while minimizing reductions in private insurance claims.

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Crowe, B. L. "A review of the experience with teleradiology in Australia." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 7, no. 2_suppl (December 2001): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633011937128.

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Because of the geographical dispersion of the Australian population (25–30% of the total population of 20 million live outside metropolitan areas), there has been considerable interest in the use of teleradiology. In general, the provision of teleradiology by private radiology practices has been successful. However, as regards the provision of publicly funded, statewide teleradiology services, progress has been slower than expected, following enthusiastic support for the technology in the early 1990s. While there have been some notable successes in the implementation of publicly funded teleradiology services, given the delays that have been experienced in Australia, there is a case for a closer connection between the conduct of teleradiology evaluation studies and the incorporation of the results into health policy. This link would ensure that the benefits of technology are made available to the public in as short a time as possible.

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Mariampillai, John. "Capturing the complexity: Towards a better understanding of collaborative higher education provision in the UK." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.88.10569.

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This article investigates collaborative Higher Education (HE) landscape in the United Kingdom (UK). Collaborative arrangements between publicly funded (i.e. with recurrent funding from the Funding Councils or other public bodies) Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and other private providers have witnessed a significant expansion since 2010, in terms of student numbers and public-backed student loan support. The focus of this article is on understanding the rationale and complexities around collaborative HE provision involving HEIs and other private providers. This article uses data collected through interviews, involving 19 stakeholders representing collaborative HE provision in the UK.

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Sampat, Bhaven N. "The Government and Pharmaceutical Innovation: Looking Back and Looking Ahead." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 49, no. 1 (2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2021.3.

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AbstractCurrent debates about the roles of the public and private sectors in pharmaceutical innovation have a long history. The extent to which, and ways in which, the public sector supports drug innovation has implications for assessments of the returns to public research funding, taxpayer rights in drugs, the argument the high prices are needed to support drug innovation, and the desirability of patenting publicly funded research.

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Jackson, Stephen. "Religious Education and the Anglo-World." Brill Research Perspectives in Religion and Education 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 1–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895303-12340003.

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Abstract Focusing on Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, “Religious Education and the Anglo-World” historiographically examines the relationship between empire and religious education. In each case the analysis centres on the foundational moments of publicly funded education in the mid- to late-nineteenth centuries when policy makers created largely Protestant systems of religious education, and frequently denied Roman Catholics funding for private education. Secondly, the period from 1880 to 1960 during which campaigns to strengthen religious education emerged in each context. Finally, the era of decolonisation from the 1960s through the 1980s when publicly funded religious education was challenged by the loss of Britishness as a central ideal, and Roman Catholics found unprecedented success in achieving state aid in many cases. By bringing these disparate national literatures into conversation with one another, the essay calls for a greater transnational approach to the study of religious education in the Anglo-World.

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Carlson, D. E., J. M. Cowen, and D. J. Fleming. "Third-Party Governance and Performance Measurement: A Case Study of Publicly Funded Private School Vouchers." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 24, no. 4 (March 26, 2013): 897–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mut017.

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Allin, Sara, and Jeremiah Hurley. "Inequity in publicly funded physician care: what is the role of private prescription drug insurance?" Health Economics 18, no. 10 (October 2009): 1218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.1428.

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McGuire, Robert A., Robert L. Ohsfeldt, and T. Norman van Cott. "The determinants of the choice between public and private production of a publicly funded service." Public Choice 54, no. 3 (August 1987): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00125647.

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Allin, Sara, Michael R. Law, and Audrey Laporte. "How does complementary private prescription drug insurance coverage affect seniors’ use of publicly funded medications?" Health Policy 110, no. 2-3 (May 2013): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.02.010.

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Knudsen, Hannah K., Carrie B. Oser, Amanda J. Abraham, and Paul M. Roman. "Physicians in the substance abuse treatment workforce: Understanding their employment within publicly funded treatment organizations." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 43, no. 2 (September 2012): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2011.12.003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Private organizations that are publicly funded'

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