Academic literature on the topic 'Private tender procedure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Private tender procedure"
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Pavel, Jan. "Comparison of efficiency of public procurement organized by public sector and local monopolies." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072611.
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The aim of this paper is to identify the difference between the prices achieved in public procurement by public and private bodies. The analysis exploits the fact that European legislation forced to follow the Public Procurement Act not only public sector but also private companies working in the position of local monopolies (gas supply, water supply, public transport, etc.).The analysis is based on data from the Information System of Public Procurement in the Czech Republic. The data set is created by more than 500 observations containing information about the large construction contracts from the years 2006–2011. Details of these contracts were analysed using regressions. As a dependent variable were used price achieved (in the first model) and the number of bids (in second model). As explained variables were the numbers of bids (only in the first model), type of tender, the contract size, etc. The methodology is based on foreign papers, which are dealing with the issue of competitive effects.The results show that the public sector bodies obtain in their tenders on average more bids than private firms, but their realized prices are higher. Another finding is the influence of the type of procurement procedure. In the public sector are the best rates achieved with open procedures, while in the case of private entities was not identified the influence of procurement procedures.
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SLOBODIANYK, Anna, and Nadiya REZNIK. "MANAGING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT APPEALS." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-4-9.
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Introduction. The main purpose of the public procurement system is determined by the need to ensure efficient use of budget funds in the development of competition, transparency and openness of the procurement process organization. The purpose of the research is to conduct the process analysis of contesting the public procurement procedure by tenderers. Results. The authors argue that evaluating the dispute resolution effectiveness between the complainant and the customer on the basis of the balance of rights, interests, and objectives of the procurement law is, in practice, an extremely difficult issue that must be resolved in each individual case. The specifics of determining the procurement subject by the customer are highlighted in such a way as to preserve the right to choose the product that suits him best and not to buy the cheapest existing product on the market, such as paper according to certain parameters of density and level of linen. But if the customer has already defined in the tender documentation technical and the qualitative characteristics of the procurement subject, he has no right to further deviate from them when selecting the winner. It is proved that the appeal procedure is created specifically to ensure a quick and professional settlement of conflicts between the participant or potential participant of the procurement procedure and the customer regarding the actions of the customer, which violate the right of such participant in the procurement procedure and the conclusion of the contract with the customer. Attention is drawn to the appeal terms of the tender documentation claim being challenged and the possible addition of justification for the need to amend the conditions of the tender documentation with the opportunity to give additional evidence. Conclusions. From the moment of the procurement contract conclusion between the state customer and the successful tenderer, classic private legal relations emerge, and consequently, after the conclusion of the procurement contract for public funds, which is the final stage of the procurement procedures, civil rights and obligations arise between the parties, and consequently civil rights and obligations arise to appeal the procurement procedure. Keywords: public procurement; body of appeal; tender documentation; the subject of the appeal; legislation on public procurement.
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Khaderi, Shamsida Saidan, Ani Saifuza Abd Shukor, Anis Sazira Bakri, and Rohana Mahbub. "Public Infrastructure Project Tendering Through Public Private Partnerships (PPP) – A Literature Review." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926601015.
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Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in Malaysia have been inundated by various controversies and criticisms from the very beginning. Many of the constraints that occur in PPP projects is due to the failure in tendering stage. Bidding or tender for a PPP project is usually much more complex than a traditional public-sector project involving the appointment of top advisers and designers at a great fee in the preparation of detailed design, comprehensive planning, extensive bid documentation, and lengthy clarifications. These problems as being the reason behind several high-profile withdrawals during the early PPP tenders, resulting in some preferred bidders being selected by defaults as other competitors withdrew. Base on the above premise, this study attempts to propose PPP tendering process improvement in Malaysian construction industry. This paper aims at providing an overview about literature on tendering process in PPP/PFI. The objectives of the research are to identify and understand the PPP implementation practices in Malaysia; to determine issues and challenges in PPP tendering stage; and to propose PPP tendering improvement. The approach is based on the analysis of the pertinent publications on the theme. Three main interest areas can be found in the literature which is; tendering procedure, issues and challenges, and strategies that could be enhance PPP tendering process in the Malaysian construction industry.
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Oad, Pardeep Kumar, Stephen Kajewski, Arun Kumar, and Bo Xia. "Investigation of Innovation during Bid Evaluation Process in the Road Construction Industry." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 594–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091676.
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Tender evaluation is the procedure of choosing the best contractor for a particular project from many applicants. Although rational and logical methods can be used for bidding strategies, bid evaluation remains a skill for which an engineer’s verdict is crucial. Contractors commonly witness that tender selection is not an easy job, and the lowest bid does not necessarily win the contract. The tender decision mainly depends on quantifiable measures such as financial costs and paybacks, and qualitative or invisible factors like administrative security accountability, aptitude, and the proficiency of the contractors. Moreover, Bid evaluation is a decision-making procedure that incorporates an extensive criteria range for which the information is not accordingly. Hence, ambiguity linked to such information is not appropriate for this study. This paper aims to evaluate innovation during the bid evaluation process in the road industry. The research results indicate that the private and public sectors in Australia offer innovative products and work methods, given the chance. Therefore, innovation during the bid evaluation process is welcomed and sometimes strongly encouraged. Further, it is important to have strong research in to how to effectively determine value for money in the context of developing suitable and quality roads. Therefore, this research is useful in the context of evaluating factors that help to understand value for money in the road sector in context of bid evaluation process. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091676 Full Text: PDF
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Plebankiewicz, Edyta. "CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTOR PREQUALIFICATION FROM POLISH CLIENTS’ PERSPECTIVE." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2010.05.
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A competent construction contractor is one of the indispensable conditions of a proper process and completion of a construction project. The article presents analysis results of the main criteria considered by Polish public clients in contractor competence evaluation. Research was carried out on the basis of demands stated by clients in restricted tenders announced in 2007. The author also presents research results of the methods and criteria for construction contractor selection, used by Polish private clients. To carry out the research a questionnaire was sent to 27 private clients at the turn of 2006/2007. The results of the research show that public clients in most of the restricted tenders use just one of the criteria used to qualify a candidate to the second stage of tender procedure and it is usually the contractor's experience. Generally, it is characterised by the number of realised projects similar to the ordered one. For private clients, in contractor competence evaluation, technical possibilities of a contractor are especially valued. Experience in similar investments realisation, their quality, the equipment owned, and the staff are the top qualities in the rankings. Appreciated, although to a smaller extent, is also financial reliability of a contractor. Yet, criteria connected with project management are those which are the least valued ones. Santrauka Statybos rangovo kompetencija - viena iš privalomu salygu tinkamai vykdyti statybos projekta ir užtikrinti, kad jis bus užbaigtas. Straipsnyje pristatyta Lenkijos viešojo sektoriaus klientu nustatytu svarbiausiu rodikliu rangovo kompetencijos vertinimo analize. Tyrimo metu buvo remtasi klientu reikalavimais, nustatytais uždaru konkursu, vykusiu 2007 m., metu. Autore taip pat pristato Lenkijos viešojo sektoriaus taikomu metodu ir rodikliu statybos rangovu atrankai tyrimu rezultatus. Tyrimo metu klausimynas buvo išsiustas 27 klientams. Tyrimu rezultatai parode, kad viešojo sektoriaus užsakovai daugumoje uždaru konkursu pirmame etape kandidatui vertinti naudoja tik viena rodikli ir tai dažniausia yra rangovo patirtis. Bendruoju atveju vertinama pagal igyvendintu projektu, panašiu i konkursini, skaičiu. Privačiame sektoriuje vertinant rangovo kompetencija ypatingas demesys kreipiamas i technines rangovo galimybes. Panašiu investiciniu projektu vykdymo patirtis, darbu kokybe, turima iranga ir personalas yra pagrindiniai atrankos rodikliai. Finansinis rangovo patikimumas vertinamas, bet rečiau. Rodikliai, susije su projektu valdymu, vertinami labai retai.
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Kurmanova, G. K. "On-farm land use management of agricultural entities." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-1-2708-9991.16.
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The issues of land legislation in the field of regulation of land relations have been identified. It was determined that pre-reform period was characterized by the planned development of economy, on-farm land management design was mandatory and was of a directive nature. The author notes that the Rules for Rational Use of Agricultural Lands establish the existence of onfarm land management projects aimed at their rational use. The results of the analysis showed that currently in the land legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan there are no clear requirements for drafting projects in the system of measures on land use regulation. Therefore, in practice, they are developed by only a small part of economic entities, which leads to deterioration in reclamation state of agricultural land, decrease in fertility level, contamination of crops with weeds, spread of various diseases and plant pests, degradation of forage lands (pastures, hayfields), etc. All this is the result of underdeveloped land legislation, weak implementation of public control over the use and protection of land. The existing structure of on-farm land management projects has been analyzed. The conclusion on the need for their development, as well as methodological instructions based on new approaches and innovative technologies was done. It is noted that in 2018 at the legislative level, amendments were made to the Land Code, regulating the procedure and features of the provision of State-owned agricultural land for peasant or private farm operations, agricultural production through tender commission. Owners or land users were invited to develop on-farm land management projects at their own expense.
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Kautsch, Marcin, Mateusz Lichoń, and Natalia Matuszak. "The Innovation Procurement Policies and the Development of e‑health in the EU Member States: What Can Be Learnt?" Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 4, no. 337 (September 20, 2018): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.337.14.
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The article presents findings of research on e‑health development in four European Union (EU) Member States in the context of public procurement of innovation (PPI). EU policies attempt to make public procurement leverage for innovation by introducing a number of new tender procedures. Policies and practices in PPI, including e‑health, were investigated for Denmark, Great Britain, Spain and Poland. For various reasons, all four countries struggle with the introduction of the European PPI procedures, and with making a transition to outcome‑based tenders. Though they all introduced policies implementing these procedures, Denmark and Great Britain seem to have achieved better results, having well‑established public‑private collaboration. This correlates with a more efficient adoption of e‑health solutions in those countries. With some minor successes, Spain, and particularly Poland, display attachment to traditional procedures despite changes in the public procurement regulations.
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AKYILDIZ, Nihal Arda. "Evaluation of Public Tender Law Changes in Turkey in Context of Economic Sustainability." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 05 (May 4, 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i05.cs01.
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In today's economic system, the state has to make some purchases of goods and services to produce and offer the services of the public system formed by local administrations and other administrations. These purchases are the purchases that the public deems necessary through the private sector within the framework of investment programs and budget. Although annual growth and the tranches of spending items in investment programs change every year within the framework of the country's growth, purchases in the public system necessarily occur depending on these rates. Regulations and improvements on this subject; will not only affect the current levels of economic and social welfare, but will also increase the welfare levels of future generations and will support economic sustainability. The issue of public purchases regulated by law, which has become more important especially with its wide coverage in the Eleventh Development Plan, continues to contribute to economic sustainability with its value that directs the country's economy.
In the study, literature reviews of public procurements, tender laws and related regulations which have a direct effect on the country's economy were conducted as method; and changes in the public procurements, tender laws and relevant legislation have been aimed to be revealed. Since the first law of 1925, in the four law amendments, some regulations have been made abiding by the main principles and the arrangements required by the country have been made. While the names of the procurement procedures change in the laws are partial, the main contents are preserved. The study examines the four procurement laws that have changed in this way; aiming to provide information on the subject and to address the forecasts that are realized with the support of the country's economy and sustainable development.
Keywords: Tender law, public procurement legislation, economic sustainability, sustainable development, procurement procedures and implementing regulations
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Soudek, Jan, and Jiří Skuhrovec. "Procurement procedure, competition and final unit price: The case of commodities." Journal of Public Procurement 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-16-01-2016-b001.
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We show how institutional and procedural characteristics affect the final price in public procurement. In order to obtain comparable unit prices, our analysis examined public procurement of homogeneous goods only. We examined two Czech commodity markets: electricity and natural gas, which enabled us to use a private market price as a benchmark metric. The regression analysis is based on the standard ordinary least squares method. On a dataset of 277 tenders, we found that the final unit price of the procurement is sensitive to movements in both commodity market price and price estimated ex ante by the procurer. Moreover, we identified that the final price is reduced when the procurer uses an open procedure, an electronic auction, or attracts more competitors.
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Gladović, Pavle, Vladimir Popović, and Velibor Peulić. "Expenditure Model of Line Ranking in the Public Mass Passengers Transportation System." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 6 (February 21, 2012): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i6.185.
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In all the cities of Serbia that have organized systems of public mass passenger transport (PMPT), over the past several years more and more private transport companies are being included in the network of city and suburban transportation lines. The inclusion of private transport companies in the PMPT system via public tenders should be preceded by the procedure of calculation of the realistic income and system functioning expenses in order to establish possible balances of needs for City Budget subsidies, as well as the elements on Contract of entrusting this vital communal activity of every city. The new principle for determining the total cost of PMPT system functioning, based on line difficulty ranking, has been presented in this paper. KEY WORDS: expenditure model, price, PMPT system, line, exploitation parameters, evaluation, line rank
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Private tender procedure"
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Bettoni, Lucas. "L'appel d'offres privé." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD024.
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Le recours à l’appel d’offres n’est pas, et n’a jamais été, l’apanage des personnes publiques. Parce que la mise en concurrence de cocontractants potentiels permet d’obtenir le meilleur prix, les personnes privées le pratiquent volontairement pour la réalisation de nombreuses opérations contractuelles : construction immobilière, cession d’entreprise, vente d’immeuble, acquisition de produits et de prestations de service, etc. Familière des praticiens, cette figure du paysage précontractuel est négligée par la doctrine. L’objet de cette étude est de présenter une analyse juridique d’ensemble de l’appel d’offres privé. Celui-ci est susceptible de deux acceptions. Dans la ligne directe de son appellation, il désigne une invitation à soumettre des offres. Il s’agit d’un type de proposition de contracter à part entière, distinct des propositions de contracter traditionnelles que sont l’offre et l’invitation à entrer en pourparlers. À le concevoir ensuite comme une procédure de mise en concurrence de cocontractants potentiels pour la conclusion d’un contrat définitif, l’appel d’offres privé donne naissance à un avant-contrat entre son organisateur et ses participants que l’on ne peut ramener aux catégories d’avant-contrats que connaît le droit positif. La qualification d’avant-contrat imprime à l’appel d’offres privé son régime juridique. Ainsi, les parties s’obligent à organiser et à participer à la procédure de mise en concurrence selon les règles fixées par l’organisateur et de bonne foi. Les comportements consistant à fausser le jeu de la concurrence sont alors sanctionnés pour inexécution contractuelleUsing private invitation to tender is not, and has never been, the prerogative of public entities. Because the implementation of competition calls between potentials co-contractors in order to achieve the best price, private entities practice it voluntarily to realise numerous contractual transactions : building construction, transfer of company, sale of real property, procurement of goods and service delivery, etc. Well-known by practitioners, this figure of the contractual landscape is neglected by the legal doctrine. The purpose of this study is to represent a global legal analysis of the private tender process. This one might be understood in two different ways. Literally, it designates an invitation to submit offers. It is a type of proposal to contract fully-fledged, which defers from the traditional ways of proposal to contract which are the offer and the invitation to treat. Conceived as a process introducing competition between potentials co-contractors to conclude a definitive contract, private invitation to tender give birth o a preliminary contract between its organiser and participants, which is distinct from the existing preliminary contracts. The qualification of preliminary contract print the private invitation to tender’s legal regime. Thus, parties undertook to organise and participate to the implementation of competition calls regarding the rules established by the organiser in good faith. The behaviours consisting in distorting competition are then subject to sanction on the ground of non-fulfillment of a contractul obligation
Book chapters on the topic "Private tender procedure"
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Warkentin, Merrill. "A TAM Analysis of an Alternative High-Security User Authentication Procedure." In Information Security and Ethics, 2114–29. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch142.
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The objective of information system security management is information assurance, which means to maintain confidentiality (privacy), integrity, and availability of information resources for authorized organizational end users. User authentication is a foundation procedure in the overall pursuit of these objectives, and password procedures historically have been the primary method of user authentication. There is an inverse relationship between the level of security provided by a password procedure and ease of recall for users. The longer the password and the more variability in its characters, the higher the level of security is that is provided by the password, because it is more difficult to violate or crack. However, such a password tends to be more difficult for an end user to remember, particularly when the password does not spell a recognizable word or when it includes non-alphanumeric characters such as punctuation marks or other symbols. Conversely, when end users select their own more easily remembered passwords, the passwords also may be cracked more easily. This study presents a new approach to entering passwords that combines a high level of security with easy recall for the end user. The Check-Off Password System (COPS) is more secure than self-selected passwords and high-protection, assigned-password procedures. The present study investigates tradeoffs between using COPS and three traditional password procedures, and provides a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of COPS. The study offers evidence that COPS is a valid alternative to current user authentication systems. End users perceive all tested password procedures to have equal usefulness, but the perceived ease of use of COPS passwords equals that of an established high-security password, and the new interface does not negatively affect user performance compared to a high-security password. Further research will be conducted to investigate long-term benefits.
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Warkentin, Merrill, Kimberly Davis, and Ernst Bekkering. "A TAM Analysis of an Alternative High-Security User Authentication Procedure." In Advances in End User Computing, 280–300. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-474-3.ch014.
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The objective of information system security management is information assurance, which means to maintain confidentiality (privacy), integrity, and availability of information resources for authorized organizational end users. User authentication is a foundation procedure in the overall pursuit of these objectives, and password procedures historically have been the primary method of user authentication. There is an inverse relationship between the level of security provided by a password procedure and ease of recall for users. The longer the password and the more variability in its characters, the higher the level of security is that is provided by the password, because it is more difficult to violate or crack. However, such a password tends to be more difficult for an end user to remember, particularly when the password does not spell a recognizable word or when it includes non-alphanumeric characters such as punctuation marks or other symbols. Conversely, when end users select their own more easily remembered passwords, the passwords also may be cracked more easily. This study presents a new approach to entering passwords that combines a high level of security with easy recall for the end user. The Check-Off Password System (COPS) is more secure than self-selected passwords and high-protection, assigned-password procedures. The present study investigates tradeoffs between using COPS and three traditional password procedures, and provides a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of COPS. The study offers evidence that COPS is a valid alternative to current user authentication systems. End users perceive all tested password procedures to have equal usefulness, but the perceived ease of use of COPS passwords equals that of an established high-security password, and the new interface does not negatively affect user performance compared to a high-security password. Further research will be conducted to investigate long-term benefits.
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Hénaff, Marcel. "Propositions III: The Dual Relationship and the Third Party." In The Philosophers' Gift, translated by Jean-Louis Morhange, 169–98. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286478.003.0009.
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This chapter explores the gift relationship. Whether private or socially instituted, the gift relationship appears to embody certain exemplary dimensions of being-with-others and living-together. However, a reflection on this type of gesture or procedure brings to the fore a number of unresolved problems and, for this very reason, occasions a number of misunderstandings. The main difficulty has to do with the indeterminacy of the very term, gift, too often used with respect to profoundly heterogeneous situations. This indeterminacy encourages a tendency to privilege the sense of the word sanctioned by an age-old religious and moral tradition that appears based on common sense and tends to be viewed as the standard by which the other forms of gift can be assessed: the unreciprocated generous gesture. However, this ontology is of little help when one attempts to answer questions such as the following: Who gives what to whom, under what circumstances, and for what purpose? This question concerns intersubjective as well as social relationships. It is therefore crucial to clarify the status of the partners involved and the nature of the “thing” that is offered by one to the other or that circulates between the two partners. Although dual by definition, the relationship of reciprocity cannot be reduced to a one-on-one interaction: It necessarily includes a third element, a thing from the world, which can sometimes be a mere word, or even—when the institution is already in place—an easily recognizable gesture.
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Watson, Gabrielle. "Stop and Search as a Respectful Encounter." In Respect and Criminal Justice, 68–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833345.003.0004.
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In this chapter, there is a shift in focus to the statutory power of the police to stop and search, the controversial status of which is not new. Less well documented, however, is that stop and search is highly relevant to the study of respect, since the practice tends to undermine the value, if not render it conspicuously absent. The chapter is organised as follows. The opening section explores how we might sharpen our critique of stop and search by framing it in terms of respect. Stop and search—a common form of adversarial contact between the police and the public—taps into deep and ingrained tensions between preventive policing, the exercise of coercive state authority, due process, and crime control. Among the most incisive criticisms of the power are its disproportionate and discriminatory exercise in relation to minority ethnic groups, its role in eroding police legitimacy, and the invasion of privacy and violation of bodily integrity necessitated by the search itself. The next section assesses three prominent proposals for the reform of stop and search—procedural justice training for police officers, tighter legal regulation of the power, and abolition—in terms of respect.
Conference papers on the topic "Private tender procedure"
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Rennels, Kenneth E. "Future of Engineering Technology Education." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33964.
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Engineering technology education in the United States can trace its history back to the Wickenden and Spahr study of 1931, which identified the place of engineering technology education in the technical spectrum [1]. By 1945, the Engineering Council for Professional Development developed the first accreditation procedures for two-year engineering technology programs and by 1946, the first program was accredited. On this timeline the Purdue University engineering technology programs at Indianapolis can trace their history back to 1946 [2]. Over the last 70 years, engineering technology education in the United States has distinguished itself by a history of evolution, development and continuous improvement. Engineering technology education faces significant challenges during the next several years. These challenges are driven by the rapid evolution of computer technology and changing expectations of the educational process by the stakeholders. Stakeholders include not only students and faculty but also various groups in both the public and private sectors including industry, professional organizations, funding agencies, state government and the university system. Two specific challenges facing engineering technology educators are ‘basic faculty credentials’ and changing expectations for ‘creative activities’. These two challenges can be delineated by the following questions: • Will a doctorate degree be necessary for engineering technology faculty in the future for promotion and tenure in the university environment? • Will applied research or pedagogical research be ‘good enough’ for tenure? This paper addresses these two issues using a study of current engineering technology faculty hiring practices as a basis. Ultimately, critical future discussions must occur as engineering technology education continues to evolve and move into the future.
Reports on the topic "Private tender procedure"
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.