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1
De, Martino Samantha. "Essays on incentives and pro-environmental behaviour." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71257/.
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This thesis consists of four self-contained essays at the nexus of applied microeconomics, behavioural economics, and environmental economics. In the essays of the thesis, I use field experiments and econometric tools to examine the impact of monetary and non monetary incentives for behavioural change during resource scarcity. I use methods of eliciting intrinsic motivations and then empirically test theories on the interaction of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives. Specifically I analyse whether and which incentives undermine, support, or are independent of existing preferences, and whether incentives change behaviour. The first two essays analyse two distinct types of conservation policy in Brazil: i) direct payments from the state of São Paulo to small landholders living in vulnerable ecosystems conditional on the landholders conserving their land; and, ii) federal policy to regulate, monitor and enforce land use in the Brazilian Amazon through conservation zoning and creation of a public list of municipalities with high rates of deforestation (“priority municipalities”) to increase visibility and thus accountability. The first essay¹ uses a field experiment in Brazil to test if monetary incentives to conserve land on private property in vulnerable ecosystems - “Payments for Environmental Services” (PES) - crowd out demand for a conservation program. Landholders are less likely to accept the higher monetary offers to conserve compared to the lowest offers. Given that the rational choice model does not explain the role of incentives in shaping demand for PES, we then look at the interaction of the randomised incentive offers and individuals' initial intrinsic motivations. We construct methods to elicit social preferences in order to analyse this interaction. We find that, while high monetary incentives crowd in demand of progovernment landholders, they crowd out demand of pro-environment (henceforth “proenvironment”) and prosocial landholders. The second essay² combines satellite data on deforestation with data on the location and timing of the conservation zones in Brazil to estimate the effect of conservation zoning on deforestation in the period 2004-2010. We provide spatial regression discontinuity estimates and difference-in-difference estimates to show that the policy does not explain the large reduction in deforestation rates during this period. We provide evidence that zones reduce deforestation in municipalities put on a federal government “shame” list for high deforestation rates. The last two essays³ test behavioural interventions to decrease residential water consumption across the City of Cape Town in South Africa as complements to tariff increases and water restrictions during a severe water crisis. Using inserts in monthly municipal bills, we test multiple behavioural messages in a randomised control trial on the full population of free standing domestic households (400 000+). The treatments are classified into five groups: information provision and increased salience on the tariff structure, financial savings, appeals to the public good, social comparison, and social recognition. By using a number of different framings, the third essay focuses on identifying which incentives best motivate individuals of different income levels to reduce their consumption. We find that lower income households respond only to financial incentives, whereas the higher income households respond only to social incentives and appeals to their intrinsic motivation. In the final essay, we further explore the drivers behind the effect of social recognition on pro-environmental behaviour (henceforth “proenvironment behaviour”). According to Bénabou and Tirole (2006), the visibility of doing-good may create doubt to others as to the true motive of the individual and result in a crowding out of prosocial behaviour. We use three treatments within the larger randomised control trial to disentangle intrinsic motivation, extrinsic incentives, and image motivation. We exogenously vary the visibility of the social recognition treatments to test whether i) social recognition incentives crowd out intrinsic motivation and, ii) whether social recognition increases the noise of the prosocial signal and ultimately crowds out cooperation. We find, on average, using image motivation as an extrinsic incentive crowds in cooperation. Social recognition with an explicit opt-out has, on average, no effect on consumption. Thus, in our setting, the signal of social recognition for prosocial behaviour is strong enough to elicit cooperation. In application to public policy, our findings suggest public recognition can be used as an adjunct to more traditional demand side management tools, such as water restrictions and tariff increases to achieve additional conservation in the higher income households. To our knowledge, this empirical analysis has not been executed elsewhere and contributes both to the academic literature as well as policy recommendations for alternatives to traditional demand side management tools during times of resource scarcity. ¹Co-authors: Florence Kondylis, Development Research Group, World Bank; Astrid Zwager, Development Research Group, World Bank. ²Co-authors: Liana O. Anderson, National Center for Monitoring and EarlyWarning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN); Torfinn Harding, Department of Economics, NHH Norwegian School of Economics, and University of Stavanger; Karlygash Kuralbayeva, Grantham Research Institute, LSE; Andre Lima, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland. ³Co-authors: Kerri Brick, Environmental Policy Research Unit (EPRU), University of Cape Town; Martine Visser, School of Economics, University of Cape Town.
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Dilley, Luke Tobias Martin. "Governing pro-environmental behaviour change : a governmentality approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1538.
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Academics and policy makers alike have shown an increasing interest in the concept of ‘pro-environmental behaviour’. Central to this concept is the understanding that tackling environmental problems will necessitate behaviour change by individuals. Much research to date has sought to understand how attempts to encourage people to change their behaviour can be made to work more effectively. This research takes a different approach. Drawing upon Foucault’s work on ‘governmentality’, this research examines pro-environmental behaviour change as a practice of government. The research draws on an ethnographic study of the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs’ Sustainable Behaviours Unit (SBU). It examines proenvironmental behaviour change as a particular problem, object and end of government. It is argued that the SBU hopes to govern the way we ‘choose to behave’ by acting on the psychic ‘stuff’ thought to drive and inhibit various forms of behaviour. The thesis examines the ways in which behaviour is sought to be governed ‘at a distance’ by working through ‘community’ and the ‘Third Sector’. The thesis also analyses how behaviour change is mobilised at the local level by exploring a particular green communities initiative – Wenfield Energy Saving Together (WERG). It is argued that the discourse and practice of behaviour change is modified and limited as it is inserted into a particular context and set of social relations. The themes of modification and limitation are explored in more depth in the final section of the thesis. It is argued that attempts to govern are met with resistance, contestation and strategic counter moves. It is suggested that rather than being a block to the exercise of government, such ‘counter conduct’ triggers processes of governmental reform. Finally, despite some evident difficulties in fostering pro-environmental behaviour; it is contended that, as a form of government, behaviour change may become less of a policy experiment and instead a more stable strategy of the state.
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Small, Michael. "China's Social Credit System and Pro-Environmental Behaviour." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398802.
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Climate change is an enormous challenge which, if not addressed will have detrimental impacts across the globe. This problem is largely produced by human behaviour. Therefore, strategies aimed at influencing behaviour are necessary in addressing this issue. Governments are currently utilising informational campaigns, rewards, penalties, nudging and structural changes to influence pro-environmental behaviour. Although these methods are creating change, it is far from sufficient to address the massive and urgent issue of climate change. Therefore, alternative strategies should be considered. As such, this thesis aims to explore the effectiveness and the extent to which the Social Credit System, as it is being developed in China, can be considered an alternative strategy for producing pro-environmental behaviour. A framework to analyse and describe the SCS was developed by executing a literature review of key environmental behaviour models and intervention strategies aimed at producing pro-environmental behaviour. It concludes that the Social Credit System utilises a variety of methods similar to the behaviour models and interventions reviewed in this thesis, especially as far as rewards and punishments are concerned. However, surveillance stands out as a distinct means of intervention that is not utilised outside China to produce pro-environmental behaviour. The discussion suggests that this aspect of the system might be effective in contributing to address the challenge of climate change due to its coercive nature.
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Boldkhuyag, Enkhtuya. "Values and pro environmental behaviour among Mongolian adolescents:Implications for ESD." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-258952.
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The study aims to contribute in the understanding of key values and behaviours for Education for sustainable development and their correlations and to further develop knowledge about how they are distributed among upper secondary school students in relation to socio-demographic factors. There were 274 surveys collected in 5 different schools in Ulaanbaatar and analysed using ANOVA followed by Tukey test and Pearson’s correlation tests. The study supports the findings of previous research that universal, benevolence and traditional values are positively correlated with a positive environmental behaviour. The positive orientation towards sustainability suggest that the current adolescent Mongolian population can become potential environmental supporters with a strong motivation towards sustainable behaviour and attitudes. The demographic and social factors were weak in relation to value orientations, no significant difference observed in value orientation. There was a notable gender difference in pro environmental behaviour which aligned with many existing academic studies. Social factors in relation to environmentally friendly attitude suggested that pro environmental adolescents were somehow exposed to the natural environment and read books during their free time displayed increasingly positive behaviour toward the environment. Therefore this study emphasises the importance of encouraging informal outdoor activities and increasing the access and popularity of reading books among youths. These measures would also serve to strengthen the benevolence value and promote pro environmental behaviour.
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Patel, Kavita. "iGreen : a social norms intervention to encourage pro-environmental behaviour." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/35375/.
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Previous research indicates that social norms interventions provide a promising avenue to encourage behaviour change. This study examined the efficacy of a social norms intervention, with the inclusion of personalised individual feedback, to encourage pro-environmental behaviour change. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth understanding of how people respond to social norms feedback and personalised individual feedback on environmental behaviours. Central to this research was an innovative Facebook app called iGreen, which was designed specifically by the author and a number of colleagues to provide a seven-week social norms intervention. This app comprised environmentally themed games, a quiz on aspects of everyday domestic behaviours that impact on the environment, and the ability to provide feedback on respondents’ previous quiz answers. Respondents were randomly allocated to either a no feedback group, a personalised individual feedback group, or a group in which feedback also included the average quiz answer of other iGreen users (social norms feedback group). A sample of fifty-one people who used iGreen completed all quizzes, forty-four of these respondents completed a post-intervention questionnaire, and thirty respondents were interviewed. Drawing on elements of a discourse analysis approach to analyse the interviews enabled an in-depth understanding of why a social norms intervention might, or might not encourage pro-environmental behaviour and how people respond to personalised individual feedback and social norms feedback. The major finding in this research is that the quiz encouraged behaviour change because the questions increased the salience of injunctive norms and personal norms. This supports the focus theory of normative conduct and norm activation theory, which both state that increasing the salience of norms influences behaviour. Another finding is that environmental behaviour change can be constrained due to people associating some behaviours with the stigmatisation of environmental activists. Lastly, respondents in all three intervention groups claimed to have changed some behaviour and there were no apparent differences between the groups. This suggests that increased salience (in this case induced by answering repeated quiz questions) encouraged behaviour change. This raises the question of whether increased salience, rather than feedback, may account for some of the behaviour change found in previous social norms research. This research identifies key elements of an intervention that can increase its potential to encourage pro-environmental behaviour which has potential practical application in the design of innovative social norms interventions. The main contribution of this research is the discovery that making people’s everyday behaviours more salient can encourage pro-environmental behaviour. A digital quiz is a simple, cost-effective and engaging method for increasing salience and encouraging behaviour change, and this should be explored in future research.
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McCafferty, Melissa Rachael. "Communities of practice : embodiment, affiliation and community-led pro-environmental behaviour." Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676529.
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There is seemingly no panacea to encourage Pro-Environmental Behaviour (PEB) however, a viable option consistently points to communities as drivers of change. The focus on individuals as targets of change has been a futile endeavour with negligible results, which has provided the impetus for research into community-led PEB. Various types of communities exist and this thesis is concerned with Communities of Practice (CoP). The CoP framework is used to analyse the success of three communities in Northern Ireland who actively promote PEB in various capacities. The research aimed to develop the CoP framework for this analysis through the use of sensitising concepts, which helped the framework to regain its analytic ability. Using place attachment, social capital and social learning as conceptual lenses to look at the communities provided specific themes relevant to PEB and community whilst encapsulating the dimensions of the CoP framework, giving them explanatory power. The research was conducted using qualitative methods to gain a deep understanding of individual biographies, the role the community plays in their life and vice versa, and finally to understand the reasons for the successful promotion of PEB in their community. The research identifies the need for bridging and linking social capital in addition to the strong bonding social capital demonstrable in the communities, but more importantly, the need for bridging capital to bring together heterogeneous communities as opposed to homogenous communities. Accessing bridging and linking social capital relies heavily on pro-active agents who have the support and capacity to do so, which should come from both the community and Government bodies. The embodiment of the practice, and social learning, helped members form an identity that affiliated them with the rest of the community, thus impacting positively on their participation. The impetus for participation was strongly affected by place attachment, which became heightened as members became more embedded in the community through practice. The place of attachment was seemingly a determinant of the level of PEB displayed in each community. Further research which takes a broader political economy of learning approach is needed to understand the roles of both voluntary, private and public sectors in helping to promote PEB via CoP's. Taking such an approach will better inform policy making to ensure communities are receiving adequate support to maintain their efforts and promote PEB on a wider scale.
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Kirsnan, Lalitha. "Exploring the Socio-cultural Factors, Other Barriers and Facilitators of Pro-Environmental Behaviour among Singaporeans: A Qualitative Approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/376825.
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Despite the plethora of pro-environmental behaviour studies, a review of literature revealed a dearth of studies on pro-environmental behaviour in urban cities in Asia. Given the escalating rate of economic growth in Asian cities, environmental needs have taken a backseat prompting an urgent need to understand better how pro-environmental behaviour can be facilitated among Asian city dwellers. Secondly, there is a lack of studies exploring lay public’s perceptions of existing pro-environmental campaigns. Thirdly, there is an over-reliance on quantitative research methods in pro-environmental behaviour studies. Based on these gaps, the purpose for this research was to; firstly, explore in-depth the barriers and facilitators of pro-environmental behaviour in Singapore, an urban city in Asia. Secondly, this research aimed to understand directly from the lay public on their perceptions of pro-environmental campaigns. Thirty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with Singaporeans aged 18 years and above. The primary findings for this study were; family lays the foundation for pro-environmental behaviour to occur, environmental concern facilitates pro-environmental behaviour and infrastructure systems and work centric culture inhibit pro-environmental behaviour. In relation to pro-environmental campaign perceptions, participants were mostly found to be not in favour of pro-environmental campaigns with no personal impact on their behaviours.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Dept of Marketing<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Boomsma, Christine. "Visual images as a motivational bridge to pro-environmental behaviour : a cognitive approach." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1546.
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Communicating climate change and other long-term environmental issues to the wider public is a challenging process involving many barriers to action. Visualisations have the ability to overcome these barriers. Furthermore, the benefits of visual images over verbal information have been supported. However, there is a lack of research on how visual images can motivate behaviour. Based on Elaborated Intrusion theory, it is proposed that visual images can be internalised as mental images which can act as a ‘motivational bridge’ for pro-environmental behaviour. Six studies exposed participants to visual pro-environmental messages. Throughout all studies images were internalised as mental images, associated with intrusive thoughts. Consistently, mental images were strongly associated with pro-environmental goals and behaviour change (self-report and actual). Also, interfering with visual mental imagery, using cognitive tasks, reduced self-reported behaviour change (Study 6). Overall, two motivational roles of mental imagery emerged: mental images can trigger pro-environmental goals and can strengthen the relationship between pro-environmental goals and behaviour. The development, strength, and vividness of mental imagery depended on interacting individual and message characteristics. A vivid message was more effective when the message topic was relevant to the target individual (Study 2). Also, a message in line with existing values evoked more vivid mental imagery (Studies 2 to 6). A message could activate specific values as well if mental imagery was not interfered with (Study 5 and 6). And finally, positive and negative images were associated with different feelings, but could both be internalised and motivate behaviour (Study 3 and 6). A combined message could overcome the negative feelings associated with a fear appeal (Study 6). This thesis developed a theoretical framework, integrating approaches from social and cognitive psychology, which can help explain and predict responses to visual environmental messages. Six studies showed that the effect of a visual image on behaviour depends, among other factors, on its ability to trigger recurring mental imagery. Insights provide opportunities for designing evidence based visual pro-environmental messages. In turn this can maximise the impact visual messages have on changing people’s pro-environmental behaviour.
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Esfandiar, Kourosh. "Understanding pro-environmental binning behaviour of National Park visitors: A cross-cultural study." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2388.
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The growing importance of people’s pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) in relation to reducing their negative impacts and/or increasing their positive impacts in natural areas has attracted considerable research interest. Visitor engagement in pro-environmental activities is one of the key elements in maintaining and improving a national park’s ecological and biological resources. These resources are often the main components of tourism products developed in nature-based destinations.
A specific concern for many national park managers is the generation of litter by visitors. A PEB to solve the problem of litter management in national parks is binning i.e. putting litter in a bin. As such, it is essential to identify what leads visitors to bin their litter. Binning is defined in this thesis as a type of private low-cost PEBs where a visitor puts his or her own litter in a bin if provided, otherwise, in a bag or a pocket for placing in a bin later. Based on this definition, this thesis is the first study to explore such behaviour in the context of a national park.
Drawing on theories that include self-interest/rational (i.e. theory of planned behaviour) and other-interest/pro-social (i.e. norm-activation model) motives, an integrated structural model of binning behaviour was developed. The proposed model was tested among national park visitors in Iran and Australia. The direct and indirect associations among the proposed model constructs were examined using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLSSEM) approach on a sample of 240 visitors to Sorkh-e-hesar National Park in Iran and 219 visitors to Yanchep National Park in Australia. Multi-group analysis was also employed to explore the differences in binning behaviour between samples.
The PLS-SEM results revealed the association between awareness of consequences and personal norms was the strongest, and personal norms was the most influential determinant of pro-environmental binning behaviour. Further, the PLS-SEM results revealed a good fit of the model within each sample, with minimal variations in the measurement parameters across cultures. However, the results of the multi-group analysis show that the relationships between the antecedents of binning behaviour did not differ significantly between the Iranian and Australian groups. This supports the cross-cultural generalisability of the measurement and structural parameters of the theory of planned behaviour and its extension by the norm activation model.
From a practical perspective, the results of this doctoral research indicate that national park management agencies should strengthen the saliency of visitors’ personal norms and raise awareness of littering problems and social norms to increase visitors’ bin use while they are visiting a national park. The thesis contributes to the existing theories of PEB and to improving national park managers’ understanding of visitors’ motivations towards PEB in relation to nature-based tourism activities.
The thesis concludes with a research agenda, suggesting that PEB research opportunities in the context of nature-based tourism are numerous; however, its specific domains, theoretical advancement, measurability and cultural influences require significant rethinking for future research.
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McDonald, Faye Vivian. "Developing and validating an integrated framework explaining pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-and-validating-an-integrated-framework-explaining-proenvironmental-behaviour-in-the-workplace(0ddfc3b6-56ec-468d-ad07-898893086604).html.
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Changing employees’ behaviour to be more environmentally friendly, as a means to increase environmental performance of a business, is a widely accepted strategy in organisations. However,as many organisations can report, it is not always a panacea. Whilst technological solutions are simple and uncomplicated, they are often expensive and, with the continuous increase in resource use, many organisations encourage their employees to adjust their behaviour. Aiming to help organisations understand how employees decide to adopt pro-environmental behaviour, researchers of workplace pro-environmental behaviour have attempted to answer this question through the development of conceptual workplace frameworks and quantitative behavioural analysis. But,despite this contribution this body of research currently suffers from the fact that no systematic effort has been made to establish, which of the multitude of factors within these framework and models have the biggest impact on employee pro-environmental behaviour. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to understand the factors that impact pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace by testing an integrated model that encompasses all key variables, that originate from general and workplace pro-environmental literature. The integration of these variables will enable the researcher to draw conclusions on the impact of each variable and therefore confirming the key factors that explain pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace. The first stage of this study involved a review of the literature on general and workplace pro-environmental behaviour. Using inductive theory building, this study developed a theoretical framework of pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace; incorporating the findings of the previously reviewed literature. The model consists of intra, inter, motivational and external factors, all of which have potential to impact pro-environmental behaviour in the workplace. After having established the theoretical framework, quantitative methods were utilised to test the hypothesised model. An online questionnaire was distributed to a panel with a representative sample of the UK workforce. The questionnaire was further distributed to two higher educational institutions in order to collect additional data that could act as a source of rich detail and aid interpretation of the results from the representative sample. Through statistical analysis, including multiple regression, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, the final structural model confirmed some of the initial hypothesis. The conclusion drawn is that human behaviour is driven by employee’s confidence in the ability to exert control over their own motivation and behaviour. Employees with high confidence in their own abilities also take responsibility for their actions, particularly if they are aware of environmental issues. It is the workplace’s responsibility to foster this behaviour by creating an environment that encourages work satisfaction and ease of behaviour.
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Mtutu, Paidamoyo, and Gladman Thondhlana. "Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: energy use and recycling at Rhodes University, South Africa." Elsevier, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67743.
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Publisher version<br>The rapid expansion of student numbers, staff and support infrastructures in higher education institutions often result in increased demand for resources such as energy and paper. Promoting pro-environmental behaviour is critical if higher education institutions are to achieve sustainable resource use. Using surveys, reported energy use and recycling behaviour of staff and students in the Faculty of Education at Rhodes University, South Africa was explored. The results showed that self-reported pro-environmental behaviour was mediated by demographic factors and personal values such as ‘liking of aesthetic beauty and biodiversity’, ‘social relations’, ‘a varied life’ and ‘freedom’. Personal values, though key in shaping participants' attitudes toward the environment did not always translate into pro-environmental behaviour. Situational factors beyond the control of participants were cited as barriers to pro-environmental actions. Lessons from this study point to the need to carefully study the assumptions underlying intervention strategies aimed at promoting pro-environmental behaviour and to get rid of barriers to enable pro-environmental actions.
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Stols, Maria Jacoba. "The influence of pro-environmental motivation and intent on female consumers' apparel disposal behaviour." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60860.
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The apparel and textile industry plays an enormous role in the depletion of natural resources, pollution and other environmental problems. Pro-environmental efforts should thus be encouraged in all stages of the apparel supply chain, but also more specifically at the disposal stage during which consumers should be encouraged to adopt eco-friendly options such as donating, recycling and/ or reselling apparel. The aim of this study was to explore and describe female consumers' pro-environmental disposal motivation and intent regarding apparel in the South African context. The hypothesis and conceptual framework for this study was based on a combination of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Norm Activation Theory's (NAT) constructs as the underlying motivational factors that contribute to pro-environmental disposal intent. The research was carried out in the Gauteng province, South Africa. The sample comprised of 315 female consumers; female consumers were of particular interest since they tend to engage in pro-environmental behaviour to a larger extent than males. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional survey design for which a Qualtrics web-based questionnaire was developed. Data was captured and coded to be further subjected to descriptive and inferential analyses.
The findings indicated that most respondents are aware of environmental consequences related to the disposal of apparel. Social norms influenced respondents' personal norms, as well as their behavioural intent to make pro-environmental decisions regarding the disposal of apparel. It seems that consumers' attitudes also influence their pro-environmental behavioural intent significantly. In contrast, perceived behavioural control had a weaker influence on pro-environmental intent. The theoretical contribution of this study relates to the relevance of TPB and NAT constructs in the local context. In so far as practical implications are concerned, it was concluded that government and businesses should get involved in promoting pro-environmental apparel disposal options and educating consumers about the benefits of disposing apparel in a pro-environmental manner.<br>Die klere en tekstiel bedryf speel 'n noodsaaklike rol in die vermindering van natuurlike bronne, besoedeling en ander omgewingsprobleme. Pro-omgewings pogings moet dus aangemoedig word in alle stadiums van die klere voorsienings kettings, maar meer spesifiek ook in die wegdoen fase waarin verbruikers aangemoedig moet word om omgewings vriendelike opsies te oorweeg soos skenking, herwinning en herverkoping. Die doel van hierdie studie was vroulike verbruikers se pro-omgewings klere beskikkings motivering en bedoeling te verken en beskryf in 'n Suid Afrikaanse konteks. Die hipotese en konseptuele raamwerk vir hierdie studie is gebaseer op 'n kombinasie van die Teorie van Beplande Gedrag (TPB) en die Norm Aktiverings Teorie (NAT) se konsepte as die onderliggende motiverende faktore wat bydra tot verbruikers se pro-omgewings wegdoen voorneme. Die navorsing was uitgevoer in Gauteng provinsie, Suid Afrika. Die steekproef het uit 315 vroulike verbruikers bestaan; vroulike verbruikers was van besondere belang aangesien hulle geneig is om betrokke te raak in pro-omgewings gedrag tot 'n groter mate as mans. Hierdie kwantitatiewe studie het 'n deursnit opname-ontwerp gebruik waarvoor 'n Qualtrics web-gebaseerde vraelys ontwikkel is. Die data was ingevoer en verder gekodeer om beskrywende en inferentiële statistiek ontledings te ontwikkel.
Die bevindings het aangedui dat die meeste respondente bewus is van hoe die wegdoen van klere die omgewing beïnvloed. Sosiale norme het die respondente se persoonlike norme beïnvloed, asook hul gedragspatrone intensie om pro-omgewings besluite te maak ten opsigte van die wegdoen van klere. Dit blyk dat die houdings van verbruikers hul pro-omgewings gedrags intensie ook aansienlik beïnvloed. In teenstelling hiermee, het waargeneemde gedrags beheer 'n swakker invloed op pro-omgewings voorneme. Die teoretiese bydrae van hierdie studie het betrekking tot die toepaslikheid van TPB en NAT konsepte in 'n plaaslike konteks. In terme van praktiese implikasies, was die gevolgtrekking dat die regering en besighede betrokke moet raak in die bevordering van pro-omgewings wegdoen opsies en die opvoeding van verbruikers oor die voordele van die afhandeling van klere op 'n pro-omgewings wyse.<br>Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Consumer Science<br>MConsumer Science<br>Unrestricted
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Ljunggren, Johanna. "Environmental related projects at Nxuba Senior Primary School in South Africa : Constraints and possibilities." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8142.
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Since the end of apartheid South Africa has been rebuilding the country with the aim to create a society based on equality. In the rebuilding and formation of a new constitution the aim to build a society based on the principles of sustainable development is evident. Education is an important part in the rebuilding. This thesis is a case study of Nxuba Senior Primary School in the traditionally black township Lingelihle in Eastern Cape. The objective is to analyse how the school management can engage in environmental issues and take the role of promoting values, attitudes and lifestyles for sustainable development to its learners. There are three research questions: What environmental related projects are being done at Nxuba Senior Primary School? How do the school management motivate the projects? How do these projects affect the learners’ environmental awareness and ability to act pro-environmentally? The thesis is based on a field study where school documents were analysed and in-depth interviews with the school management and a questionnaire among the learners were carried out. The theoretical framework that is presented discusses what factors influence sustainable behaviour and what conditions foster pro-environmental behaviour among children. Four environmental related projects are identified at the school; a recycling project, an environmental awareness club, a vegetable garden as well as an indigenous garden and greening of the school. Based on the questionnaire the learners’ attitudes towards environmental issues and their pro-environmental behaviour are examined. In the discussion the motives behind the projects concluded to be a combination of environmental and social motives. The projects are put in relation to Stern’s four factors influencing pro-environmental behaviour and Chawla and Cushing Flanders’ six conditions for fostering pro-environmental behaviour among children.
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Trager, Vanessa, and Karin Drozd. "Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour amongst Millennials in Online Communities - The role of information and goal-frames on Instagram." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21624.
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With the aim to reduce the effects of anthropocentric climate change and achieve a more sustainable future, promotion of sustainable individual behaviour is just as essential as driving political and economic change. As social media are experiencing growth in popularity, online communities in which influencers act as opinion leaders are a promising tool to influence behaviour. The objective of this paper was to examine the role of individuals’ pre-existing value structures and the effectiveness of encouraging pro-environmental behaviour amongst the millennial generation on Instagram. The study design is based on the extended version of goal-frame theory, The Integrated Framework for Encouraging Pro-environmental Behaviour.An experiment survey has been developed to measure current pro-environmental behaviour, value structure and goal-frame, test preferred Instagram posts, and measure intentions to act pro-environmentally in the future. Survey respondents were randomly assigned to a control group, which was not shown any Instagram posts. The experiment tested whether the provision of Instagram posts, which are framed in line with one’s goal-frame, creates a more effective message subsequently leading to an increase in future intentions to act pro-environmentally. The results of the analyses indicated that framing of an Instagram post based on pre-existing goal-frames does create a more effective message but does not lead to an increase in future intentions to act pro-environmentally. The differences in intentions to start acting pro-environmentally were not significantly different between the experiment and control group.Further analysis revealed that the strongest predictor to increase intentions to act in line with the environment is a combination of high accessibility to a normative goal-frame (biospheric and altruistic values), low accessibility to a gain goal-frame (egoistic values) and university education. Additionally, it was detected that females are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviour, to have higher intentions to adjust their lifestyle as well as accessibility to a normative goal-frame. Implications of this study can be applied to future research as well as help organizations and governments to develop more targeted sustainable consumption campaign and policies.
15
Novoradovskaya, Elizaveta. "Mixed Methods Investigation of a Pro-environmental Behaviour: The Case of Reusable Coffee Cups." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84911.
Full text
16
Harcus, Stephanie Elizabeth. "Pro-environmental behaviour within tourism businesses in rural Scotland : the role of physical, social and individual context." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28744.
Full textAbstract:
Tackling climate change and other associated environmental problems has become a significant global issue. In order to tackle these challenges governments have introduced policy frameworks, legislation and laws to help mitigate their effects. The Scottish Government have invested in numerous programmes and initiatives to create and enhance a low carbon rural economy, and in order to do so successfully understanding behaviour is a vital component in achieving the aims of such policies and legislation. Rural businesses can play an important role in encouraging the uptake of pro-environmental behaviour and energy saving practices. However individuals within rural SME’s (small and medium sized enterprises) often encounter barriers which may prevent reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other environmental objectives from being achieved. Therefore it is important to understand the influences associated with pro-environmental behaviour within the workplace, specific to the rural economy. This thesis aims to investigate the role of the physical, social and individual context in influencing individuals’ workplace pro-environmental behaviour. The thesis also aims to research the barriers, facilitators and motivations individuals experience during decision-making and action taken relating to issues such as recycling, waste management, energy efficiency, transport and procurement. Different employee levels within a variety of rural tourism businesses have been studied (e.g. employees, management, and business owners) utilising a mixed methodology consisting of focus groups and a questionnaire survey in order to enhance and validate the research. By doing so this study has managed to increase understanding of the views of employees, managers and business owners, who are crucial to the uptake of pro-environmental behaviour within the rural economy. A range of antecedents were identified from existing literature as having potential effects on pro-environmental behaviour, therefore a variety of these were thoroughly investigated. The results of the studies carried out herein show the importance of understanding workplace pro-environmental behaviour from the perspective of different contexts (physical, social and individual). With respect to the physical context, antecedents influencing individuals’ workplace pro-environmental behaviours include building infrastructure, business size and building location. Individuals expressed their businesses inability to be energy efficient due to poor building infrastructure, e.g. operating from an old rural building with inefficient roof and wall insulation, to no double glazing due to being in a listed building, thus letting heat escape. Furthermore, individuals discussed renting premises for their business, therefore have no control over structural decisions which affect energy efficiency. Business size was also mentioned as an important influence of behaviour in relation to the physical context, e.g. smaller businesses produce less turnover, and therefore are not in a financial position to upgrade heating systems, or utilise clean efficient technologies and materials which are perceived to be more expensive. With regard to business location, a high proportion of participants highlighted this as a barrier to undertaking pro-environmental behaviour, e.g. lack of public transport, recycling facilities and pick-ups for particular business materials, as well as not being able to procure goods for the workplace locally due to lack of availability. In terms of the social context, antecedents influencing individuals’ workplace pro-environmental behaviour included social norms. Individuals cite being influenced by professional relationships, e.g. neighbouring businesses, colleagues, customers and higher management (industry compliance), in addition to personal social relationships e.g. friends and family. Many business owners stated feeling responsible to behave pro-environmentally and were motivated to try and set a good example to other members of their workforce in order to increase participation and awareness. The study also highlighted the importance to strengthen an individual’s identification with their workplace, as results illustrated the more an individual strongly identified with their work, the more likely they were to engage in pro-environmental behaviour. Lastly with respect to the individual context, this refers to one’s personal circumstances, outlooks and attitudes specific to them as an individual. The thesis provides support that environmental identity and level of environmental activity (contingent to the workplace) were both influences of workplace pro-environmental behaviour. The study’s findings highlighted the more an individual strongly identified with the environment, the more likely they were to engage in pro-environmental behaviour at work. With respect to the level of environmental activity as an influence of workplace behaviour, results provided evidence that the more an individual was active (e.g. in green marketing, joining green schemes, holding/attending environmental meetings etc.), the more likely they were to engage in pro-environmental behaviour at work, thus illustrating the value of these practices. In conclusion, results from this research demonstrate the relationship between the physical, social and individual context when investigating the influences of workplace pro-environmental behaviour, and furthermore identify individuals’ personal motivations, barriers and facilitators. By doing so the thesis has been able to highlight what actions and procedures could potentially be implemented to increase sustainable tourism business practices in the transition to a low carbon rural economy. It is important to recognise individuals will perceive different barriers and retain motivations personal to them, therefore when business owners apply new environmental initiatives and goals, employees’ individual needs must be acknowledged to facilitate greater engagement. Workplace pro-environmental behaviour is complex and fairly under researched in comparison to investigating home-based pro-environmental behaviours. Therefore this study has added to the body of literature by highlighting the importance of different contexts (physical, social and individual) and has increased the understanding of what influences workplace pro-environmental behaviour specific to the rural tourism industry, which is vital to Scotland’s economy.
17
Revell, K. L. "Encouraging sustainable lifestyles : local government, citizens and the impact of pro-environmental behaviour change programmes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1467257/.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, it has become apparent that in order to achieve many policy objectives, it is often necessary to stimulate behaviour change on the part of the population. Concurrently, the role of local authorities in tackling unsustainability and reducing carbon emissions has become more prominent. This thesis describes research undertaken in London, UK, to understand how local authorities have worked to tackle unsustainability and encourage pro-environmental behaviour change through sustainability programmes, and what the environmental impact of such programmes is. Overall, this thesis provides a clear picture of how local environmental programmes which require individual behaviour change, can be monitored and evaluated. To commence, a series of interviews with local authority sustainability officers found that the extent of their sustainability work was broad but there was a lack of robust monitoring and evaluation. To understand the potential contribution that sustainability programmes could make towards reducing carbon emissions, two programmes were monitored and evaluated. The first programme evaluated was a home energy visit programme, known as RE:NEW, which intended to encourage reductions in household carbon emissions. The second programme evaluated was a Camden Green Zone, which provided secure and accessible cycle parking to residents to encourage cycling rates. The environmental impact of both programmes was estimated in terms of carbon emissions abated. Evaluation found that for RE:NEW, the impact of the visits on the installation of significant energy efficiency measures and behaviour change was negligible. For Green Zones, the intervention had no significant impact on the frequency or distance with which the sample group cycled, nor did it cause a significant modal shift in transport use. Given this significant finding, that the interventions did not result in detectable behaviour change, a number of recommendations to increase the efficacy of such programmes are provided, as are recommendations for undertaking effective evaluation.
18
Lavergne, Karine. "The Hierarchical Action-Based Model of Inconsistency Compensation in the Environmental Domain: Exploring the Role of Individual Differences in Distal Motivation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32425.
Full textAbstract:
Using the action-based model of dissonance (Harmon-Jones, Amodio, & Harmon-Jones, 2009) and self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2008) as theoretical frameworks, this thesis sought to explain the motivational processes underlying the environmental belief-action gap. The thesis examined why and how people resolve inconsistencies between their favourable attitudes toward environmental protection and their environmentally harmful behaviour. I hypothesized that accounting for individual differences in autonomous and controlled distal motives for effective and unconflicted action would clarify why attitude-behaviour inconsistencies are uncomfortable and explain how people compensate for them. I carried out 3 sets of studies to test the proposed hierarchical action-based model of inconsistency compensation in the environmental domain (HABICE). The objective of the first set of 3 studies was to test hypotheses about the role of individual differences in global and contextual motivation on dissonance arousal, in response to native attitude-behaviour inconsistencies encountered across and within important life domains. The second set of 3 studies tested hypotheses about the role of individual differences in contextual motivation toward the environment on the use and choice of strategies to compensate for a recent native inconsistency in the environmental domain. Finally, the goal of the final study was to test hypotheses about the moderating effect of social factors that direct attention to public (ego-invested) versus private (authentic) aspects of the self during the perception of inconsistencies on motivation and intentions to revise pro-global warming mitigation attitudes. The results of the 7 studies (total N = 2,209) supported the main predictions of the HABICE. The cumulative evidence supported the existence of two motivational orientations operating during inconsistency compensation processes. The autonomous motivational orientation, which embodies action tendencies to facilitate organismic integration via authentic regulation, motivated people to compensate for attitude-behaviour inconsistencies to restore the integrity of authentic self-structures. As a result, autonomous motivation toward the environment led people to reduce dissonance and to compensate for perceived inconsistencies by bringing their behaviour in line with self-relevant attitudes. The controlled motivational orientation, which embodies action tendencies to facilitate instrumental outcomes via contingent regulation, motivated people to compensate for attitude-behaviour inconsistencies to protect ego-invested self-structures by avoiding the aversive consequences of their counter-environmental actions. When inconsistencies aroused dissonance, controlled motivation predicted the use of overt behavioural strategies, for example enacting a compensatory pro-environmental action, to reduce dissonance. However, when inconsistencies did not arouse dissonance or there were barriers to behaviour change, controlled motivation predicted the use of cognitive strategies, for example revising or distorting pro-environmental attitudes, to minimize the inconsistency. Consequently, autonomous compensation processes predicted relatively infrequent attitude-behaviour inconsistencies in the environmental domain while controlled compensation processes predicted relatively frequent inconsistencies. The results imply that controlled motivation toward the environment may be driving the environmental belief-action gap, but that finding ways to promote autonomous motivation toward the environment in the general population has the potential to alleviate the gap.
19
Timm, Conrad. "Högskolestudenters attityder och beteenden : En kvalitativ studie om miljömässig hållbarhet." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41442.
Full textAbstract:
För att uppnå nationella och internationella klimatmål och minska den negativa mänskliga klimatpåverkan, samt för att undvika att jordens temperatur stiger ännu mer, behövs ett miljövänligare tankesätt kring hållbarhet och miljöutmaningar. Trots många miljösatsningar i samhället är det viktigt att framhäva och få en uppfattning om individens attityder och beteenden till miljömässig hållbarhet för att lättare påverka individer att agera klimatvänligt. Syftet med denna studie är att få en bild av högskolestudenters attityder och beteenden relaterat till olika miljörelevanta områden och aktiviteter som har en negativ miljöpåverkan, samt vilka bakomliggande faktorer som är av central betydelse för att förstå just dessa beteenden. Studien framhåller tidigare forskning om beteenden relaterat till miljö med koppling till studenter, jämförelsevis mellan kvinnor och män, i relation till media, sociodemografiska och socioekonomiska faktorer. Dessa faktorer belyses även i denna studie och relateras till just de intervjuade studenternas inställning, tankar och beteenden kring miljömässig hållbarhet. Studien utgår från hermeneutiken som tolkningsmetod och med kvalitativa intervjuer som metod för insamling av material. Sammanlagt har åtta personer intervjuats, varav fyra kvinnor och fyra män. Relevanta teorier som theory of planned behaviour, norm activation model och value belief norm theory med ursprung ur socialpsykologin används för analys av empirin. Empirin resulterade i åtta teman som belyser respondenternas olika attityder och beteenden och tankar kring miljömässig hållbarhet. Som tidigare forskning påvisat bekräftar även denna studie att attityder och beteenden inte alltid hänger ihop. Resultatet visar att attityder och beteenden påverkas på två olika sätt. Dels genom personers uppväxt och omgivning men också genom en påverkan från samhället från sociala medier, trender och förebilder.<br>In order to achieve national and international climate goals and reduce the negative human impact on the climate, as well as to avoid increasing the temperature of the Earth, more environmentally friendly thinking about sustainability and environmental challenges is needed. Despite many environmental initiatives in society, it is important to emphasize and get an idea of the individual's attitudes and behaviors towards environmental sustainability to more easily influence individuals to act climate friendly. The purpose of this study is to get a picture of university students' attitudes and behaviors related to different environmentally relevant areas and activities that have a negative environmental impact, as well as underlying factors that are crucial to understand these behaviors. The study highlights previous research on behavior related to environment and students, comparatively between women and men, in relation to the media and socio-demographic and socio-economic factors. It is these factors that also are highlighted in this study and are related to the attitudes, thoughts and behaviors of the interviewed students regarding environmental sustainability. The study is based on hermeneutics as an interpretation method and with qualitative interviews as a method of collecting material. A total of eight people have been interviewed, including four women and four men. Relevant theories such as the theory of planned behavior, norm activation model and value belief norm theory derived from social psychology are used to analyze the empiricism. The study resulted in eight themes highlighting respondents' different attitudes and behaviors and thoughts about environmental sustainability. As previous research has shown, this study also confirms that attitudes and behaviors do not always coincide. The result shows that attitudes and behaviors are influenced in two different ways. Partly through a person’s childhood and social surrounding, but also through an impact of society from social media, trends and role models.
20
Rhead, Rebecca Danielle. "Concern for the natural environment and its effect on pro-environmental behaviour amongst the British public." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/concern-for-the-natural-environment-and-its-effect-on-proenvironmental-behaviour-amongst-the-british-public(dabf1d8e-1c31-4fdd-b431-8e3941ce0759).html.
Full textAbstract:
Reports from the IPCC have been consistent in their findings: climate change is happening and human activity is the cause. The temperature of the earth’s climate has been steadily rising since the industrial revolution, with profoundly negative consequences for the natural environment. Britain is amongst the top 10 global contributors towards climate change, producing more CO2 per capita than China, and yet little is known about the relationship the British public have with the natural environment. Drawing upon DEFRA’s 2009 Survey of Public Attitudes and Behaviours Towards the Environment, a nationally representative sample of the UK, this study aims to (1) explore environmental attitudes in the DEFRA sample; (2) identify the types of environmental concern that exist in the UK and; (3) examine how environmental concern is associated with pro-environmental behaviours. The overall goal is to develop a better understanding this attitude-behaviour relationship. The thesis has 3 main findings. First, environmental concern is formed of three environmental attitudes: (a) a cognitive appraisal of plant and animal welfare (ecocentric attitude); (b) welfare of the human race (human-centric attitude); and (c) a prioritisation of the self, alongside dismissal of environmental problems (denial).Second, members of the British public can be assigned to one of four groups based on their environmental concern: Pro-environment, Neutral, Disengaged and Paradoxical (the latter 2 groups are apathetic towards environmental issues though in different ways).Third, when examining behaviour variation across these environmental concern groups, it was found, unsurprisingly, that membership of the pro- environmental group is strongly predictive of pro-environmental behaviour. What was surprising was that pro-environmental concern predicts a variety of behaviours, both easy and challenging (i.e. easy behaviour such as recycling household waste as well more challenging behaviour such as an increase use of public transportation over driving), whereas previous studies have typically found such behaviours to be unaffected by attitudes. Membership of the Neutral group also predicts pro-environmental behaviours, although this relationship is weaker and exists for fewer measures of behaviour. Disengaged and Paradoxical forms of concern are not significant predictors of behaviour. Upon examining the effect of socio-economic status (SES) on group membership and this attitude-behaviour relationship, it was found that SES does not moderate the attitude-behaviour relationship, but it does influence group membership. Respondents with higher SES were more likely to belong to neutral or pro-environment groups. After reviewing these findings, it is concluded that environmental attitudes do clearly predict behaviour, but a large portion of the UK population do not possess environmental attitudes strong enough to do so (the Disengaged and Paradoxical groups amount to 36% of the population). Future studies should focus on these apathetic groups in an attempt to understand them, determine effective methods of engagement and identify factors that increase the probability of members transitioning out of these groups.
21
Zabala, Aiora. "Motivations and incentives for pro-environmental behaviour : the case of silvopasture adoption in the tropical forest frontier." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/253009.
Full textAbstract:
On the frontier of biodiversity-rich tropical forests, how land is used has an important role in buffering the primary ecosystem. Unsustainable small-scale cattle farming endangers soil quality and degrades the landscape. Silvopasture is a type of agroforestry that provides both ecological and livelihood benefits. A number of projects have been implemented across the tropics to encourage silvopasture adoption, with varying success. This dissertation questions the reasons for variable outcomes among participants within these projects: what motivates smallholders to adopt innovative land-use practices, and what form of incentives may help to overcome obstacles and catalyse adoption. This dissertation contributes to the ongoing debate on payments for ecosystem services, specifically about their suitability and effectiveness. To understand what influences decisions to adopt sustainable land-use practices, I review systematically and quantitatively the literature on adoption predictors, and I empirically analyse participation and short-term adoption in a pilot project for planting fodder trees in the border of a protected forest in Chiapas, Mexico, using primary and secondary data. I focus on subjective perspectives and livelihood strategies of actual and potential participants as explanatory variables, which have received unduly scarce attention in past studies. This lack of attention is partially caused by the difficulties of operationalising internal variables. I address this challenge by developing an analytical approach that increases the precision of the resulting perspectives in Q methodology. I cluster livelihood strategies and model adoption. This in-depth case-study suggests the type of incentives that are adequate to encourage adoption of sustainable land-use practices. Results indicate that payments may not be the best incentive for pioneer adopters, and that the adoption process is composed of separate individual steps, which are influenced distinctly by identifiable predictors, such as livelihood diversity. Uncovering this heterogeneity of motivations towards adoption provides useful knowledge for designing more effective external policy interventions.
22
Hargreaves, Tom. "Making pro-environmental behaviour work : an ethnographic case study of practice, process and power in the workplace." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/10622/.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional approaches to pro-environmental behaviour change rest on individualistic and reductive assumptions which posit that behaviour is the outcome of a linear and ultimately rational process of decision-making. Policy approaches have thus concentrated on providing tailored environmental information to individuals to encourage (eco)rational decisions and on removing barriers to 'correct' behaviour, and research has tended to focus on modelling the influences on individual decision-making processes through large scale questionnaire surveys.
23
Carter, Lewis A. "Design Considerations for a Virtual Reality Serious Game Towards Connectedness to a Nature-Based Tourism Attraction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/396198.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explores the potential of a virtual reality serious game to help people understand the complexity of a nature-based attraction, and leverage this to cultivate a connectedness to the ecosystem, working towards increasing pro-environmental behaviour. Specifically, this research examines what design considerations are necessary in working towards these goals.
To this end, the opportunities in the tourism space for serious games and virtual reality were investigated through a site visit and subsequent pilot application. The opportunities were used to create a set of objectives for a virtual reality serious game artefact. Through several iterations the artefact was developed and modified, and was used to analyse the design considerations relevant to building a videogame around a nature-based tourism attraction. Further to this, design considerations around influencing a player’s connectedness to the attraction were investigated. Iterations One and Two were developed as part of Associate Professor Alexandra Coghlan’s project on VR games and reef conservation through tourism. The final iteration formed part of this dissertation.
Utilising a Design Science methodology, the artefact was developed through a series of iterative activities. The Design, Play, Experience (DPE) Framework, a serious game specific extension of the Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics (MDA) Framework, is used to guide the development and evaluation process. While design considerations for creating serious games exists in literature, theory has neglected those specific to nature-based attractions and those around creating a connection between real-world attractions and players. Through the iterative process, a virtual reality serious game is created around the Great Barrier Reef, the chosen nature-based tourism attraction context for the work. Involvement in the project during the Pilot, Iteration One and Iteration Two was as a paid employee for Associate Professor Alexandra Coghlan.
Through the first two iterations of design science, the work identifies a series of design considerations for creating virtual reality serious games about nature-based tourism attractions for visitors. From a gameplay perspective, designers can look to engage players with non-typical elements of the attraction, while using both completely player-controlled and completely simulated events and actions from the attraction to show the attraction’s complexity. Towards teaching visitors about the attraction, designers shouldn’t focus on accuracy but interpretation when representing the environment and allow the player to conduct detrimental activities so they can see the consequences of those actions. Designers can utilize virtual reality to showcase unique perspectives, both from a literal vantage point in the attraction, and to help embody the player as the attraction. Finally, designers can create a visual language that separates the videogame components and the simulated real-world components to ensure visitors know how to interpret various elements.
Through the final iteration of design science, the work identifies several more design considerations pertaining specifically to creating a sense of connectedness between the visitor and the tourism attraction. Designers should highlight knowledge about the attraction that pertains to its struggles or threats not necessarily to for visitors to remember, but to create emotional moments. Designers should find ways to evoke different emotions from a typical visit to the attraction or find ways to evoke similar emotions towards different elements of the attraction. Designers can consider the emotional journey the visitor goes on while playing the videogame and make clear connections to the real-world attraction through various stages of their journey. Designers can highlight actions that mimic pro-environmental behaviour in the videogame to help visitors continue those actions in the real-world.
The findings seek to better enable videogame creators and designers to create systems around complex ecosystems, towards encouraging pro-environmental behaviour in players. The significance of this dissertation is that it gives videogame designers new lenses to look at their designs through, to better capture the complexity of an ecosystem into a simplified, interactive and educational videogame, while ensuring their videogame brings people closer emotionally to the attraction.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Info & Comm Tech<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Oke, Adekunle. "Understanding waste recycling behaviour in the UK : home-work consistency." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3122.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the increasing attention being paid to waste recycling, there is a dearth of both empirical evidence on recycling at work and examination of any spillover effects of recycling behaviour from home to work. Situated at the confluence of three social science debates (the study of recycling set within the waste management literature; the examination of spillover in the social psychology literature, and the work on pro-environmental behaviour at work in the organisational behaviour literature), this research seeks to understand recycling at work and the relationship between recycling behaviour at home and recycling at work using a sequential mixed methods approach. Due to the complexity of human behaviours including the heterogeneity of the factors underpinning recycling, this research adopts a sequential mixed methods approach with its pragmatic philosophical assumptions to examine recycling at work. Initially, semi-structured interviews with 15 key informants from different organisations including environmental/waste organisations in the UK were conducted. The findings from the interviews were used along with the evidence from the literature to develop the conceptual model and the research hypotheses. The quantitative data were collected, using a web-based questionnaire survey, from 367 respondents representing 43 different organisations across the UK. The collected quantitative data were analysed using SPSS for windows and IBM AMOS for path and causal analyses. Based on the findings, this research demonstrates that contextual factors such as organisational support are better determinants of recycling at work than personality/psychological factors such as attitudes that have dominated empirical and theoretical studies on pro-environmental behaviours for decades. Also, the findings of this research suggest that the concept of spillover of recycling from home to work is complex and inconsistent. Whilst there is a tendency for spillover of recycling behaviour, there is a significant difference between recycling at home and at work with regards to the volume of materials, the range of materials, and frequency of recycling. Nonetheless, the PROCESS macro allows the identification of various conditions that are likely to facilitate spillover of recycling from home to work. As a result, factors that are likely to determine recycling at work including the possible spillover of recycling from home to work are classified into personal/psychological and situational factors. These findings contribute to the existing bodies of knowledge on recycling behaviour, spillover effects, and organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment (OCBE). Also, the findings could assist businesses in finding proactive measures to increase recycling within their organisations. This would consequently reduce the total amount of resources being disposed of in the UK landfill sites.
25
Meyer, Jonette. "The role of values, beliefs and norms in female consumers' clothing disposal behaviour." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41121.
Full textAbstract:
In previous
years,
the
importance
of
sustainable
consumption
has
been
neglected,
and
as
a
result,
so
has
the
disposal
process.
This
has
lead
to
consumers
being
uneducated
about
environmental
issues
associated
with
waste
problems.
The
textile
industry
greatly
contributes
to
waste
problems;
however,
very
little
information
is
available
in
South
Africa
concerning
the
waste
management
of
the
textile
industry.
Furthermore,
very
little
research
has
been
done
in
this
country
regarding
consumer’s
clothing
disposal
behaviour.
South
Africa
is
a
country
with
various
cultures,
and
research
conducted
in
this
country
necessitates
consideration
of
consumers’
values,
beliefs
and
norms.
This
study
acknowledges
the
lack
of
sustainable
lifestyle
literature
in
a
country
such
as
South
Africa
that
has
an
emerging
economy
and
diverse
cultures,
and
therefore
provides
a
framework
that
emphasises theories
and
models
based
on
pro-‐environmental
behaviour.
The
framework
for
this
study
focuses
on
the
concepts
of
the
Value-‐Belief-‐Norm
Theory
and
the
New
Ecological
Paradigm
Scale
as
influencing
factors
for
clothing
disposal
behaviour.
For
this
study
the
clothing
disposal
methods
included
re-‐using,
recycling,
donation,
reselling
and
discarding.
© University of Pretoria
v
Furthermore,
both
the
Value-‐Belief-‐Norm
Theory
and
the
New
Ecological
Paradigm
Scale
are
new
to
the
consumer
behaviour
research
field
in
South
Africa.
The
study
was
conducted
in
the
City
of
Tshwane
and
a
sample
of
306
female
consumers
was
included.
Female
consumers
were
selected
as
it
has
been
found
that
females
tend
to
be
more
environmentally
concerned
than
men.
Respondents
were
reached
through
non-‐
probability,
purposive
and
snowball
sampling
methods.
A
quantitative
research
approach
that
included
a
cross-‐sectional
survey
design
was
used
for
descriptive
and
exploratory
purposes.
Respondents
completed
a
questionnaire
that
was
based
on
objectives
compiled
according
to
the
research
statement.
Data
was
coded
by
the
researcher
herself,
and
was
further
descriptively
and
statistically
analysed
by
statisticians
of
the
University
of
Pretoria.
The
results
for
the
study
indicated
that
the
majority
of
the
consumers
included
in
the
study
mainly
indicated
compassionate
value
orientations;
however,
they
showed
only
moderate
concern
towards
the
environment.
Nevertheless,
results
showed
that
the
majority
of
the
sample
predominantly
disposes
of
their
clothing
by
means
of
pro-‐environmental
clothing
disposal
methods
such
as
recycling,
re-‐using
and
donation.
It
was
however
found
that
different
value
orientations,
beliefs
and
norms
had
varied
influences
on
the
clothing
disposal
behaviour.
Ultimately,
the
findings
indicated
that
it
is
relevant
to
explore
consumer
behaviour
in
a
country
with
a
growing
economy
and
with
various
cultures,
since
values,
beliefs
and
norms
had
a
noteworthy
influence
on
consumers’
clothing
disposal
behaviour.<br>Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>gm2014<br>Consumer Science<br>unrestricted
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Lunden, Senja, LisaBeth Sundström, and Aya Suliman. "The effect of marketing appeals on consumers' intention to pro-environmental behaviour : A social marketing study applying the Theory of planned behaviour in Jönköping, Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49006.
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Background: Due to increasing environmental issues, the social marketing efforts from organisations are increasing with the aim to push for more sustainable behaviour. One recurring issue in these campaigns is palm oil production. Generally, social marketing relies on negative emotional appeals, such as fear, shame, and guilt, to generate desired responses to the message. This paper focuses on the use of both positive and negative emotional appeals in social marketing within the area of environmental sustainability. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between the elements of the theory of planned behaviour with the addition of the social marketing appeal and how it, in turn, affects the intention to avoid palm oil. Further, the research aims to study the effects of positive emotional appeals within pro-environmental social marketing. Method: To conduct this study, a quantitative approach was taken. Two questionnaires were made with the aim to measure respondents’ motivational factors leading to an intention to behavioural change based on the marketing appeal. One questionnaire included an advertisement using a positive appeal whereas the other utilised a negative appeal. Conclusion: Both marketing appeals show positive relationships between the elements in the adapted theoretical framework, with perceived behavioural control being the strongest predictor of the intention to behavioural change. Further, it was discovered that the financial factor can be important to consider when it comes to sustainable consumption.
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Kadel, Lena. "Mindfulness for sustainable consumption behaviour - inisghts into consumer culture." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445547.
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A large body of research implies that modern human behaviour threatens various life – sustaining resources. The excessive consumption patterns of resources by humans has been identified as one of the main causes of the environmental crisis. Automatic and unconscious decision-making behaviours have become deeply internalized among individuals, resulting in unsustainable and unnecessary consumption patterns. Emerging literature has begun to explore the concept of mindfulness in relation to sustainable consumption, and reports on a positive relation to lower ecological footprints, connectedness to nature and sustainable consumption patterns. This particular study builds upon existing empirical findings and addresses the relationship between mindfulness, impulsivity and consumption. An extensive literature review and primary data collection method based on a convenience sample, were used as methodological approaches for this study. Based on the data gathered through an online questionnaire, the study finds that mindfulness has a negative relation to impulsive buying behaviour, suggesting a decrease in impulsive consumption among individuals with a higher level of mindfulness. Contrary to existing research, this study found no significant relation between mindfulness and pro-environmental behaviour. However, there are several limitations to this study due to method bias, measurement issues as well as due to the format of the questionnaire approach, that need to be considered when discussing the findings. Overall, this research indicated that by tapping into mindfulness, individuals may become less vulnerable to automatic processing, helping to break routines and make consumers become more aware of negative effects of consumption choices. This paper recommends continued research and suggests possible future pathways.
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Strannegård, Anna, and Ola Nyrinder. "Intrinsically motivated or externally regulated?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22320.
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Unga vuxna är en viktig målgrupp att uppmana till att anta en miljövänlig livsstil, då stadiet mellan tonår och vuxenliv präglas av förändring och utveckling av livsstil och vanor. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka unga vuxnas vanor gällande miljöbeteende och vilken typ av motivation de har för att handla miljövänligt. Genom en enkätundersökning som inkluderar 294 svar har denna studie funnit att unga vuxna är motiverade till att vara miljövänliga. Studien visar att identified regulation är den mest dominanta typen av reglering till miljöbeteende. De huvudsakliga barriärerna mot ökat engagemang kan härledas till de tre grundläggande psykologiska behoven autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet. Nyckelord: motivation, miljöbeteende, unga vuxna, SDT, miljö<br>Individuals experience a fundamental change upon becoming adults. They develop lifestyles and habits that they will carry with them throughout the rest of their life. Therefore urging this group to adopt an environmentally friendly lifestyle is vital. The purpose of this study is to identify environmental habits and motivation for pro-environmental behaviour among emerging adults in Sweden. Through a questionnaire survey including 294 responses, the study has found that emerging adults are motivated to engage in environmental activities with identified regulation as the predominant type of regulation. The main barriers for further engagement are the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness.Keywords: motivation, pro-environmental behaviour, emerging adults, SDT, environment
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Page, Nadine Cheryl. "The influence of habits, opportunities and thoughts on environmentally sustainable lifestyles." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16541.
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This programme of research was focused on developing a better understanding of pro-environmental behaviours and pro-environmental behaviour change, with consideration of the powerful effect of habits in thinking, affect and behaviour. Habit networks are discussed with reference to HOT topics (Habits, Opportunities and Thoughts), and explored empirically within the context of the FIT Framework (Fletcher & Stead, 2000). This programme of research started with a literature review on established models of pro-environmental behaviour. It found a large degree of similarity in the approaches used to conceptualise pro-environmental behaviour, and suggested the need to explore pro-environmental activity from different perspectives. The FIT Framework was then presented as an alternative approach. FIT variables measure the strength of an individual's cognitive characteristics and their degree of behavioural flexibility using the FIT Profiler (Fletcher, 1999). The empirical studies presented in this programme of research suggest that levels of personal FITness are related to engagement with pro-environmental activity and the extent to which lifestyles are environmentally sustainable. Study 1 (N = 325) explored the relationships between FITness and measures of pro-environmental activity, and Study 2 (N = 134) sought to confirm these relationships in a different sample. Both studies found positive relationships between levels of personal FITness and pro-environmental activity. Based on these results, it was suggested that FIT offers a useful alternative framework to study pro-environmental activity. Studies 3 (N = 75) and 4 (N = 100) considered the performance of pro-environmental behaviours in different sites of practice, as follow-up to the differences that emerged in Studies 1 and 2. They also explored the perceived influence of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on energy saving in home and work settings. The results suggested that the pro-environmental behaviours that are performed at home are often not transferred to the workplace and this might be because extrinsic factors in an organisational setting constrain action. Higher levels of personal FITness helped to align behaviours with intrinsic beliefs; individuals with higher levels of FITness behaved as they felt they ought to, whereas individuals with lower levels of FITness behaved as they were told to. It was suggested, therefore, that higher levels of FITness might support behavioural consistency across contexts. Study 5 (N = 95) explored the extent to which pro-environmental behaviours are characterised by habit and how the strength of habit changes according to level of personal FITness. The results suggested that people act pro-environmentally within distinct behaviour categories and this has little or no bearing on their propensity to behave in an environmentally friendly way in other areas. Habits can have a positive influence on the performance of pro-environmental behaviour but a negative influence on behaviour change. The empirical results suggest that a higher level of FITness might help people to engage more readily with pro-environmental behaviours that are performed less frequently. It was, therefore, suggested that developing levels of personal FITness might help individuals to extend their behavioural repertoire and be sufficiently flexible to include more pro-environmental behaviours, including those that are, at present, characterised less by habit. A second literature review on interventions for pro-environmental behaviour change found that many techniques have been developed from the perspective of bounded rationality and have assumed that the provision of information will initiate behaviour change. These approaches are often ineffective because of the resistive effects of habit. In light of this and the findings of the empirical studies, a FIT-based behaviour change intervention, named here as Do Something Greener, was developed as an alternative approach to address directly the problem of habit. Overall, this programme of research suggests that the influence of habits, opportunities, and thoughts should be considered in the study of pro-environmental activity. Further research exploring the effectiveness of Do Something Greener for pro-environmental behaviour change is necessary and planned as the next step in this programme of research. By exploring pro-environmental behaviour from a different perspective, it is hoped that this programme of research has also challenged some of the habitual tendencies that researchers are themselves starting to develop in relation to the study of pro-environmental behaviour, and that it has added a degree of eclecticism and pragmatism to psychological approaches to pro-environmental behaviour change. It is hoped that this will help to set a more practically oriented agenda for future research.
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Vingmarker, Viktoria. "Seeing is believing is doing? : On the role of future-oriented imagination in developing motivation for a sustainable lifestyle." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353230.
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The environmental and climate-related sustainability challenges facing the world today are complex, accelerating and urgent, and they call for change from multiple stakeholders. While governments, businesses and other institutions hold a high degree of responsibility for initiating and enabling the necessary change processes towards sustainable practices, so do also individuals and communities. Despite innovative change projects worldwide much remains to be done. However, making changes is difficult for many people, and even more so in situations characterised by uncertainty. In this study the role of future-oriented imagination in motivating changes towards sustainable lifestyles was explored through an experimental intervention design. Test group participants were exposed to a guided imagination of a sustainability scenario in the year 2028, followed by a writing assignment allowing them time to engage with how they see their own future life. The control group spent the same amount of time listening to a guided present-day reflection and writing about their current everyday life. Pre- and post-intervention, both groups completed lifestyle questionnaires. The pre-intervention questionnaire constituted the baseline assessment against which their post-intervention questionnaire results (which was asking both groups to record the lifestyle decisions they thought they would be making in the year 2028 on the same behaviours as in the pre-intervention questionnaire) were compared to check for reported degrees of changes. Besides their expected lifestyle changes, their predicted future personal change and degree of pro-environmental self-identity in the year 2028 was measured. The results show that test group participants, who were exposed to the future-oriented imagination, reported a substantially higher degree of future lifestyle changes and future pro-environmental self-identity than the control group, as well as predicting a higher degree of future personal change. Future-oriented imagination seems to be a potent pathway for eliciting future-oriented sustainability engagement while avoiding some of the risks of negative spillover. This suggests that future-oriented imagination can play an important role in developing motivation for sustainable lifestyle changes, and that it can be a complement to other psychological drivers for pro-environmental behaviours.
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Riou, Mathilde, and Diniz Elisa Carvalho. "Bottom up urbanism : Exploring the potential of bottom up initiatives as to encourage pro-environmental behaviour change and action." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209218.
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It has been widely acknowledged that environmental damage and changes in the global climate can be attributed to human activities. In their attempt to deal with these issues, current top down approaches to mitigate climate change not only have limited efficacy, but also fail at changing people’s behaviour. In this thesis, we argue that bottom up initiatives can be more successful at engaging people in pro-environmental behaviour change and action than the current top down strategies. The potential of bottom up actions to encourage such change and action is first assessed in literature. A more specific perspective of bottom up initiatives is looked at in which pro-environmental behaviour is encouraged and observed through the lens of urbanism. A practical event on sustainability, co-organized by the authors of this paper at KTH Campus, is then taken as a case study to test and verify if bottom up actions can bring about change in behaviours and generate public engagement in public spaces. The results show that bottom up actions have great potential to reach the community and engage people into sustainable practices. As it was positive and solution-oriented, but also accessible, participative and fun, the event easily attracted people’s attention and interest. The stimulating environment then facilitates the process of sharing and learning information and consequently, it also increases the chances of influencing behaviour change and action.
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Han, Wei. "Online travel UGC as persuasive communication : explore its informational and normative influence on pro-environmental personal norms and behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53663/.
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It is critical to motivate tourists to behave environmentally friendly for the sustainable development of tourism. The concept of pro-environmental tourist behaviour has been the subject of many research studies. However, only a few studies have focused on the effectiveness of using informational strategies to promote pro-environmental tourist behaviour, and these studies indicate that current strategies are not so effective in achieving behavioural change. Although it is widely accepted that personal norms are the dominant determinant of pro-environmental tourist behaviour, there have been limited studies in the tourism field related to activating pro-environmental personal norms. Therefore, this research topic needs to be enriched. The emergence of social media has drawn increasing research attention and its significance for tourism industry has been highlighted. Viewing social media as a channel of interpersonal influence, this research aims to investigate the influence of social media on pro-environmental tourist behaviour by activating personal norms. A conceptual model is built in this research to investigate the way people internalise travel user generated content (UGC) to salient pro-environmental personal norms. The influence of social media is viewed from the informational and normative aspects in the conceptual model. Adopting a mixed research design, this research conducted a study of netnography to understand the research topic and build the measurements for survey research in the second phase. The data about 140 most frequently read Chinese travel blogs confirms that it is possible to use social media as a channel to provide rich environmental information by public participation and collaboration. 1787 sample observations were used to test the relationship developed in the conceptual framework. After validating the developed scales by factor analysis, both the measurements and structural models were tested using a structural equation model (SEM) with partial least square approach (PLS-SEM). The results generally confirm the original conceptualisations. Both the informational and normative influence of social media positively impacts the activation of pro-environmental personal norms. The hypotheses on the moderating effects of prior knowledge and social media engagement are partially supported. The results indicate that social media is an effective tool in promoting pro-environmental tourist behaviour by activating personal norms. Findings of this research may be of interest to social marketers and environmental activists who intend to be opinion leaders. This study also is helpful for the relevant Chinese government institutions in working out effective information to encourage sustainable tourism since they have a huge control over the Chinese internet. Meanwhile, Chinese travel website managers who want to contribute to sustainable tourist behaviour promotion may also use the findings of this research.
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Malebye, Valerie Essie. "Learners' understanding of the impact of air pollution on the environment in rural communities." Diss., Pretroia : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08172005-111501/.
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Warren, Christopher. "Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour change at tourist accommodation. How to design and apply a smart service innovation that saves energy and water." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380075.
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The topic of my thesis is saving energy and water to reduce carbon emissions and waste at self-contained B&B style accommodation. The focus is saving by conserving resource, this compares to the frequently applied strategy of introducing eco-efficient technologies. Conservation of resources involves choosing to use less and enjoying a different experience compared to using efficient systems which deliver a similar level of performance but use less energy and water. Efficiency does not necessarily save resources because of the great entanglement of systems in our everyday lives and the consequential creep of our rising energy and water use. Choosing to conserve resources is thus an alternative way to consume and to change ones routines and methods to enjoy a comfortable temperature inside. Conservation is critically important for tourist accommodation because global tourism growth is outpacing tourist accommodations’ current capacity to reduce its environmental impacts using efficient systems, and need to achieve the Paris Agreement’s target of Net Zero Emissions by 2050. We therefore need to consider a new type of tourist accommodation experience.
Creating new innovative service experiences to achieve sustainable outcomes is perhaps easier said than done. A longitudinal case study analysis of the site used in this thesis, demonstrates the challenges involved, but it also shows the causes of transitions and the benefits of focusing sustainability-oriented behaviour on core expertise to build potential competitive advantage. Further research identified that guests might apply their character strengths to pro-environmental situations and is tested with resource use feedback. Currently guests use resources without knowledge of their consumption or that of other guests or the local community. They have no way of telling from the practices they apply the corresponding impact on overall consumption.
A smart service integrating intelligent technologies and social technologies (the interplay between the host and guest) which apply pro-environmental amenities was designed, developed and installed in four cottages at one site in Australia. Guests were invited to participate through interpersonal communication and indirect feedback stimulates adaptive behaviours. Significant savings were achieved for electricity, gas and water. The use of sustainable firewood offered an alternative energy source and in three cottages guests achieve significant conserving savings. Importantly guests’ satisfaction was not impacted and the intervention was appreciated by most guests. Findings analysis high resolution resource data to show guest use comparing Intervention Group with Control to study different behaviours to save.
Self-contained B&B style accommodation was chosen for the experiment site because a) it represents one of the largest categories; b) compared to hotel rooms, guests are responsible for their own food preparation and other domestic activities, have a larger space to live in and control systems for thermal comfort, thus their actions to conserve have strong potential environmental benefits; and c) it is a category growing fast thanks to new online community style platforms so its impact maybe escalating.
This thesis therefore makes a significant contribution by conducting research using a ‘real world’ site where previously limited research has been conducted. It makes an important contribution to self-contained B&B style accommodation, a largely ignored category of tourist accommodation, by providing the first high resolution study of resource use and innovation opportunities. The thesis also contributes by undertaking the first longitudinal sustainability-oriented innovation study of a service firm and offers a framework for service industries. My thesis proposes an extended theory for resource use, resource saving persuasion, which helps explain the complexities guests have for saving resources. The final contribution is to positive psychology, using an exploratory study – subsequently tested – that applies character strengths to guests’ pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours. Recommendations propose government resource saving policy change focus more on emphasising conservation of resource use, with additional recommendations for local government, building design, peak bodies and NGO strategies.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Schröder, Kristin, and Saskia Pietralla. "Generation y’s intention to perform in-store recycling in the fast fashion industry: A combined TPB and NAM approach." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39632.
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Background: Due to accelerating environmental problems caused by fast fashion sustainable business solutions become increasingly important. Thus, the following thesis examines generation y’s intention to perform in-store recycling at fast fashion retailers and investigates the factors most influential on intention. Besides, it analyses if an attitude-intention gap exists. To fulfil the study’s purpose, a combination of the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1985) and the norm activation model (Schwartz, 1977) is used. Approach: Within this study a quantitative method in terms of an online survey is applied. Based on a sample of 326 respondents, relationships between variables are analysed with Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression. To further identify differences among groups, Independent samples t-test and ANOVA are conducted. Findings: The study’s findings reveal that generation y generally intends to participate in in-store recycling, while the intention is significantly higher among women than men. The intention to perform in-store recycling is predominantly intrinsically motivated as it is most driven by individuals’ personal norm. Value: The findings of our study particularly add value for fast fashion retailers and marketers by presenting a novel research model combining most relevant factors required to adequately address consumers among generation y to perform in-store recycling. This specifically allows fashion retailers to successfully establish the concept of in-store recycling. Our study is further beneficial for sustainability researchers, environmental activists, charity organisations and policy makers to create a more sustainable future.
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He, Jiaying. "The effects of self-identity and personal norms on prospectivetourists’ pro-environmental behaviour: The relevance of Eco-labels in online accommodation booking." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85835.
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As environmental quality strongly depends on human behaviour patterns, more attentions have been paid to understand and promote pro-environmental behaviour in the tourism sector with sustainable development. This thesis focuses on online Eco-label accommodation booking as a tourist pro-environmental behavior to study the effects of environmental self-identity and personal norms on prospective tourists’ pro-environmental behaviour. Based on a literature review on the contribution and potential of environmental social psychology for understanding and promoting pro-environmental behaviour, a conceptual framework was proposed, comprising: environmental self-identity, general personal norm and specific personal norm, and online Eco-label accommodation booking, which proposed 7 hypotheses. These hypotheses were tested by a quantitative online questionnaire to collect data and data analysis using a correlationand regression design. The results indicated that all the environmental self-identity and personal norms were positively related to online Eco-label accommodation booking. The findings demonstrated how environmental self-identity affected the intention of online Eco-label accommodation booking via a moral route and the likelihood of achieving this assumed model, which suggested that strengthening environmental self-identity could be an effective way to promotepro-environmental actions. The importance and potential ofenvironmental social psychology for understanding and promotingpro-environmental behaviour in the tourism sector have been discussed.
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Fisher, Alice Ridgway. "Promoting low-carbon lifestyles : addressing informational needs through small-group participation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9439.
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Achieving the carbon emission reductions necessary to address climate change is proving challenging. Voluntary behaviour change by individuals has the potential to make a substantial contribution to decreasing carbon emissions, but generally that potential is not being realised. Group-based interventions, however, may offer an effective method for promoting significant and durable changes in pro-environmental behaviour leading to carbon reductions. This thesis evaluates Footpaths, a group-based programme designed and implemented by Transition Leicester and consisting of seven sessions. The study investigates the effectiveness of the programme, using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach to facilitate understanding of both measurable results and the processes leading to those results. The Reasonable Person Model (RPM) is used as a theoretical framework to aid understanding of the way in which group-based interventions may promote pro-environmental behaviour. Data were collected from participants just before and immediately after involvement with the Footpaths programme, as well as a year after the sessions commenced. Questionnaires were administered at all three times and semi-structured interviews were conducted after the last session. Participants also completed a carbon footprint calculator at all three times and provided data on measured energy use. Findings show that Footpaths participants reduced their carbon footprints by 15 percent over the course of the sessions, and continued to reduce their carbon footprints resulting in a 20 percent reduction over the course of a year. Pro-environmental behaviour increased, including increases in harder to change behaviours, and measured energy use decreased. Increases in pro-environmental behaviour and reductions in carbon footprint were associated with increased understanding, greater feelings of competence, and reduced confusion; all considered to be elements of a supportive informational environment. Participants highlighted the importance of having an opportunity to examine their own behaviour coupled with active engagement with information over a period of time. Neither feedback nor a desire for social contact were related to increases in pro-environmental behaviour. Pro-environmental behaviour was more closely associated with both worldview and attitude after participation in Footpaths possibly indicating a closer alignment between attitude and behaviour after participation. This research suggests that group-based interventions are effective in promoting significant and durable changes in pro-environmental behaviour and it provides interesting insight into the design of successful interventions to encourage such behaviour. Findings highlight the potential value of the RPM as an integrative framework for understanding the characteristics of interventions that successfully promote durable sustainable behaviours.
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Daube, Marc. "Essays on issues in climate change policy." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12023.
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This thesis addresses three themes relating to climate change. The first is which types of fossil fuel to leave in the ground when they can differ in both their extraction cost and emissions rate. The analysis shows that without resource constraints there will always be use of at least one fossil fuel in the steady-state. With exhaustion constraints, any fossil fuel that has a lower extraction cost than the marginal cost of the backstop will be extracted in finite time regardless of the emissions rate. The only environmental consideration is the timing of extraction rather than leaving fossil fuel stock in the ground forever. The second theme is how altruistic concern of individuals for the well-being of others influences the socially optimal consumption levels and optimal emissions tax in a global context. If individuals have altruistic concern but believe that their consumption is negligible, they will not change their behaviour. However, non-cooperative governments maximising domestic welfare will internalise some of the damage inflicted on other countries depending on the level of altruistic concern individuals have and the cooperative optimum also changes as altruism leads individuals to effectively experience damage in other countries as well as the direct damage to them. Still, for behaviour to change, individuals need to make their decisions in a different way. The third chapter develops a new theory of moral behaviour whereby individuals balance the cost of not acting in their own self-interest against the hypothetical moral value of adopting a Kantian form of behaviour, asking what would happen if everyone else acted in the same way as they did. If individuals behave this way, then altruism matters and it may induce individuals to cut back their consumption. But nevertheless the optimal environmental tax is exactly the same as the standard Pigovian tax.
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Faleij, Louise, and Hedqvist Johanna. "Att ta in miljöaspekter i kommunala projekt : Vilka hinder och möjligheter upplever projektledare?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43785.
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De senaste decennierna har miljöfrågor blivit mer och mer aktuella och kommuner i Sverige har idag ett ansvar att arbeta för hållbarhet och med miljöaspekter. Detta försvåras av att begreppet hållbar utveckling är vagt och därmed är öppet för tolkningar om var tyngdpunkten ska ligga när det gäller de sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska aspekterna. Inom en kommun sker arbete inom många olika verksamhetsområden och ofta finns övergripande styrdokument, till exempel miljöpolicys eller visioner som gäller miljöpåverkan och som syftar till att miljöhänsyn ständigt ska finnas närvarande i all verksamhet. En vanlig arbetsform inom kommunal verksamhet är i dag att arbeta i projekt, vilket gör att projektledare då har möjlighet att inom ramen för projektet kunna påverka miljöaspekter. En del projekt har som uttalat syfte att ha en positiv miljöpåverkan, men den här studiens inriktning är projekt där miljökopplingen inte vid en första anblick är så uppenbar. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår från teorier och modeller om hållbar utveckling i projekt, men handlar också om vilka faktorer individer påverkas av när det gäller vad som hindrar eller möjliggör för dem att bete sig på ett miljövänligt sätt. Studien använder sig av kvalitativ metod och utgår från tre olika kommuner där sex projektledare har intervjuats om deras upplevelser av hinder och möjligheter för att ta in miljöaspekter i sina projekt. Flera av respondenterna upplevde att det fanns goda möjligheter för att ta in miljöaspekter i projekt. De visade själva en positiv attityd och upplevde att det generellt fanns god vilja för miljöarbete, både hos politiker, ledning och medarbetare, samtidigt var detta svårare att koppla till projekt för en del respondenter, då det inte alltid framgick tydligt i styrdokument och arbetsuppdrag och hälften av respondenterna upplevde inga förväntningar på att ta in miljöaspekter i det aktuella projektet. De hinder som framkom var projektets ekonomiska ramar, brist på detaljerad miljökunskap, brist på kommunikation men också att det fanns motsättningar, vilket också kunde påverka att andra, både inom projektgrupp, i verksamheten eller bland kommuninvånarna har olika syn på vad som bör prioriteras. Även projektets förutsättningar kunde innebära både hinder och möjligheter för att ta in miljöaspekter i projekt. Inom den dagliga verksamheten fanns inom vissa områden rutiner och vanor etablerade av miljöskäl, men när det gällde hur miljöaspekter skulle tas in i projekt var förutsättningarna sämre. I studien redovisas också förslag på hur utvecklingsområden som skulle kunna förbättra förutsättningarna för kommunala projektledare att ta in miljöaspekter i sina projekt och som kan göra att en del hinder kan övervinnas. Enligt respondenterna är dessa mer kunskap, utbildning och stöd, fler konkreta hjälpmedel men också mer diskussion kring miljöfrågor för att de ska kunna få högre prioritet.<br>Over the recent decades environmental issues has become increasingly more relevant and municipalities in Sweden carry the responsibility to strive for the attainment of sustainability and environmental aspects. This work is however obstructed by the difficulty to define the term sustainable development which leads to a hesitancy of which aspect to focus on when it comes to social, economic and environmental aspects. Within a municipality, work is often performed within several branches and there are often regulating documents, environmental policies or visions which aim for the environmental aspect to always be included. Projects are common within municipality work, which means that project managers have an opportunity to influence the environmental aspect within their respective project. Some projects have a clear purpose to attain an environmental effect, though the purpose of this study is to examine projects where the environmental aspect is not clearly stated. The theoretical framework in this study is based on theories about sustainable development within projects, as well as the factors affecting individuals when it comes to behaving in a fashion that is environmentally plausible.This study make use of a qualitative method and was conducted in three municipalities with six project managers interviewed about their experiences of obstacles and possibilities to work with environmental aspects within their projects. Several of the respondents had good experiences of working with environmental aspects in their projects. These respondents showed a positive attitude and had the general conception that there was a positive attitude towards environmental aspects among politicians, the management and co-workers alike. For some respondents though, this was not the case. They had difficulties connecting environmental aspects to their projects. Partly because there were no clear instructions in the regulating documents or assignments, but also because they perceived no expectations of such. Obstacles that were observed were uncovered economical hindrance, lack of detailed environmental knowledge and lack of communication. There were also issues of disagreement within the project staff, the branch or between the residents of the municipality of what to prioritize. Even the prerequisites of the project would sometime be a hindrance, as well as promotive, to the environmental aspects. Within the daily work there were routines and habits established because of environmental reasons, though when it came to how environmental aspects were to be included in projects the conditions were worse. This study also suggest development areas that could improve the conditions for project managers within municipalities to include environmental aspects. According to the respondents these are knowledge, education and support, concrete support as well as more discussions concerning environmental issues with the purpose of increasing their priority.
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Cecconi, Carla. "Beach clean-up as a practical implementation of ESD: effects in students’ knowledge, awareness and behavioural intentions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387304.
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In the context of the critical sustainability problem of marine plastic pollution, the present paper presents a quasiexperimental research that explores the effects that participating on beach clean-up has on students’ knowledge,awareness and behavioural intentions. Considering this intervention as an outside of school practical implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), this research aims to determine if the addition of direct experiences with nature within ESD programs can lead to a behavioural change in favour of the environment. Analysing the factors that influence pro-environmental behaviour and the role that ESD has on transforming society towards a more sustainable one, a one-time pre-test post-test research with non-equivalent groups was performed. A questionnaire on beach litter and self-reported behaviour, implemented in two schools of the Amalfi Coast, Italy, indicate that in comparison to a group which only received a lecture, a group that participated in a beach clean-up increased their knowledge and awareness towards marine plastic pollution, in addition to their willingness to participate in another beach clean-up. This supports the theory that learning in nature can have a higher influence in shaping pro-environmental behaviour, and therefore the inclusion of this type of activities within ESD programs can help beat marine plastic pollution.
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Wärme, Josefin. "Förnybar energi ur ett kvinnligt och manligt perspektiv : En attitydundersökning med avseende på att kartlägga hur synen på fönybar energi påverkas av om individen är kvinna eller man." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27390.
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Abstract The extraction and usage of energy give rise to immense environmental problems which helps to accelerate climate change. Energy is an important resource for the community and there are a variety of different types of energy sources available, that are either classified as renewable or non-renewable energy sources. The usage of renewable energy sources cause less environmental impact than the usage of non-renewable energy, which in turn means that the energy’s strain on the environment is strongly affected by the type of energy source used. The aim of the study is to describe to what extent attitudes towards renewable energy are affected by whether the individual is male or female, by examining the hypothesis regarding how women have a closer connection to nature and to a larger extent shows on an pro-environmentally friendly behavior than men, and if it also can be detected on issues related to renewable energy and thus imply that women have a friendlier approach towards renewable energy than men. A number of ecofeminist believe that women have a stronger bond with the nature through her embodiment as a woman and by her maternal role, which according to previous research also leads to the fact that women shows on a more extensive environmental behavior.Through a qualitative research method in the form of semi-structured interviews has three female and three male respondents been asked questions with regards to the environment, individual responsibility and energy. All of the respondents have an understanding of the environmental problems that exist and what they are caused by, and that individual responsibility is of great significance for a reduced environmental impact, which enabled further evaluation of all respondents' views on renewable energy. Differences and similarities can be seen between women's and men's attitude towards renewable energy, but in the end, the similarities are too great and the differences too vague in order to be able to verify that women’s closer connection to the nature and their pro-environmental behavior means that they have a more positive attitude towards renewable energy than men. There is therefore no basis in my study to claim that attitudes towards renewable energy are affected by whether the individual is female or male.<br>Sammanfattning Utvinningen och användningen av energi ger upphov till stora miljöproblem och bidrar till att påskynda klimatförändringen. Energi är en viktig resurs för samhället och det finns en mängd olika typer av energikällor att tillgå, som antingen kategoriseras som förnybara eller icke-förnybara energikällor. Förnybara energikällor ger upphov till mindre miljöpåverkan än icke förnybara energikällor, vilket i sin tur innebär att energins belastning på miljön starkt påverkas av vilken typ av energikällas om används. Syftet med undersökningen är att redogöra för i vilken utsträckning attityden gentemot förnybar energi påverkas av om individen är kvinna eller man, genom att undersöka om hypotesen som handlar om att kvinnor har en närmare koppling till naturen och visar på ett miljövänligare beteende än män också kan påvisas vid frågor som rör förnybar energi och således innebära att kvinnor är mer vänligt inställda till förnybar energi än män. En rad ekofeminister menar att kvinnor har ett starkare band till naturen genom sitt förkroppsligande som kvinna och genom sin modersroll, vilket enligt tidigare forskning också leder till att kvinnor visar på ett mer omfattande miljövänligt beteende. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tre kvinnliga respektive tre manliga respondenter har frågor kring miljö, individuellt ansvar och energi ställts. Samtliga respondenter har en förståelse för vilka miljöproblem som finns och vad de orsakas av samt att ett individuellt ansvarstagande får stor betydelse för en minskad miljöpåverkan, vilket möjliggjort för en fortsatt utvärdering av samtliga respondenters syn på förnybar energi. Skillnader och likheter kan utläsas mellan kvinnornas och männens attityd gentemot förnybar energi, men i slutändan är likheterna alltför stora och skillnaderna alltför vaga för att kunna verifiera att kvinnors närmare koppling till naturen och att deras miljövänliga beteende medför att de har en positivare attityd gentemot förnybar energi än män. Därmed finns det inte någon grund i min undersökning för att hävda att attityden gentemot förnybar energi påverkas av om individen är kvinna eller man.
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Goodhew, Julie. "Making heat visible : improving household heat efficiency through thermal images." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1956.
Full textAbstract:
Energy is largely invisible to users. It has been argued that employing technologies to visualise energy will assist people in conserving energy. Energy visibility interventions have largely focussed on appliance use and electricity consumption. This thesis aims to firstly explore whether making heat visible, using thermal images, promotes heat (and thereby energy) conservation. Secondly using a multiple method approach, it explores how. Five studies were employed. Study One and Three investigated whether using thermal images as a tailored antecedent intervention would promote energy conservation behaviours. The results confirmed that the images led to a reduction in Kg CO2 emissions attributed to domestic energy use. Study One and Three indicated that householders undertook more energy saving behaviours in relation to those aspects that were visible in the images. These actions were attributed to simple, energy saving behaviours such as proofing draughts. Study Two investigated how people make sense of the images and how behaviours are promoted by the images. Study two suggested that the images provide a unique medium through which factors which contribute to energy saving can be combined and reasoned by the viewer. It suggests the psychological factors in a pathway from prompt to behaviour. Study Four established that showing the images in an information presentation was not as effective when influencing participants’ ideas about energy conservation. Finally, Study Five explored participants gaze and demonstrated how features of the images, can attract the viewer. The novel contribution of this thesis is in establishing that ‘making heat visible’ through a tailored thermal imaging prompt can increase the likelihood of a householder taking simple energy saving actions, by providing a novel medium through which householders attend to heat and energy use.
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Hettiarachchi, Akash Brinly. "Role of green human resource management (GHRM) to achieve sustainable construction industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207281/1/Akash%20Brinly_Hettiarachchi_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research study created new knowledge relating to implementation of the Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) concept in the construction industry in developing countries. A conceptual model of GHRM was built based on the state-of-the-art-knowledge of strategic human resource management and environmental sustainability. The model was refined and validated to address employee-centric challenges in sustainable construction, using extensive surveys and interviews conducted in Sri Lanka. The outcomes of this research study will facilitate construction companies to achieving sustainable construction goals and triple bottom line, and in turn minimising or eliminating impacts of construction industry on the natural environment.
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Aitken, Nicole. "Differentiating Habits for Pro-Environmental Behaviours." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32104.
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To help protect the environment people need to change current non-environmental behaviours into more sustainable behaviours. By understanding habits for pro-environmental behaviours, people can strive toward building a more sustainable future. The goal of this thesis was to identify different types of repeated pro-environmental behaviours and how to best foster strong habits for pro-environmental behaviours. To achieve this purpose we combined the theoretical framework of habits (Bargh, 1994; Verplanken, 2006) with the theoretical framework of self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000) to address current gaps in the habit literature.
The present thesis is comprised of two articles. The first article determined if the proposed indicators of habits (i.e., behaviour frequency, habit strength, and behaviour interference) could identify different patterns of repeated pro-environmental behaviours predicted by habit and self-determination theory using cluster analysis. The three studies provided support for the three proposed types of repeated behaviours: weak habits, repeated behaviours with interference, and strong habits. These results were very robust since the same pattern was found across three studies, three samples, and three different target behaviours.
The second article used the groups (i.e., weak habit, repeated behaviour with interference, and strong habit) in exploratory multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify factors related to pro-environmental behaviours which distinguished between the different types of repeated behaviours. Once again, the same three types of repeated behaviours were found across these three studies, with three new samples and two different target behaviours. Three predictors fairly consistently identified differences between the groups: autonomous motivation toward the environment, perceived importance of the environment, and the frequency of other pro-environmental behaviours. The implications of the thesis findings are discussed in relation to self-determination theory and the study of habits.
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Dharmesti, Maria. "Sustainable Hotels: Management and Consumer Pro-environmental Behaviours." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370728.
Full textAbstract:
This research project focused on developing a better understanding of the role of
consumer and management in mainstream hotels in achieving sustainability. The
structure of this research is initiated by providing more information about the main
research background, followed by a literature review and development of the models
used. The research design is presented with the models. Results of three studies are
explained and discussed.
The main research question to be answered is ‘What is the role of consumer and
management in creating sustainability in a hotel context?’ The literature review on
stakeholder theory in strategic green management suggested a multi-perspective
involvement (company and customers) in establishing green management in hotels. The
hotel consumer literature review found a high extent of Theory of Planned Behaviour
(TPB) approaches used to conceptualise individual Pro-Environmental Behaviour
(PEB) in existing models. However, fewer studies clearly pointed out that the inclusion
of hotel green attributes contributes to a better explanation of customer loyalty in hotels.
There is also scarcity in the inclusion of behavioural elements and mindfulness in
existing PEB models. This research includes a novel feature of mindfulness, domestic
green habits (behaviour), and hotel green attributes (context) as an alternative approach
to explain individual PEB in hotels. In accordance with stakeholder theory, this research
examines co-operations between hotel management and customers to establish business
sustainability and provide win-win-win solutions for customers, company, and the
natural environment.
This research is designed on the pragmatist paradigm. A sequence of mixedmethods
design (qualitative – quantitative – qualitative) was selected as the strategy of
inquiry. In the first qualitative phase, two customer focus group discussions were
conducted to develop some questionnaire items. After the pilot study, a survey targeting
3-star to 5-star hotel users was conducted in Indonesia (n=324). A similar survey was
also carried out in Australia (n=339). Hotel management interviews (n=26) were also
conducted to develop better understandings on hotel pro-environmental management from managers’ perspectives.
The empirical studies presented in this research suggest that the proenvironmental
collaboration between consumer and hotel management maintains a
significant role in achieving sustainable hotel business. The study of individual PEB in
hotels suggests that mindfulness significantly impacts consumer PEB in hotels. Hotel
green attributes are found to be prominent in facilitating green behaviours in hotels. The
study of the influence of hotel green attributes on customer loyalty suggests that the
establishment of hotel green attributes supports customer’s positive attitudes towards
the hotel’s brand and exhorts customer loyalty. The significance of green attributes in
hotels conforms to the results of manager interviews. The green typology developed
from the management interviews suggests high-level motivation, wide scope, very good
processes and monitoring, and enhanced levels of customer communication enables best
practice pro-environmental management.
Exploring PEB in hotels from different perspectives contributes a green
collaboration concept between consumer and hotel management to the hotel
sustainability literature. A typology of hotel green management is presented to predict
the extent of green practices in mainstream hotels. The green management criteria of the
typology contribute insights to the actualisation of green management in mainstream
hotels, and detailed standards to achieve best green practices in hotels. Supporting the
stakeholder theory, staff participation and customer communications are necessary to
achieve best green management practices. The novel concept of mindfulness and the
behavioural approach to determining consumer PEB in hotels contribute a new
perspective to the consumer behaviour literature. This research contributes to hotel
management literature by providing insights on the prominent role of hotel green
attributes in the actualisation of customer PEB in hotels. Findings of this research add
deeper understandings of the role of hotel green attributes and customer experience in
generating customer loyalty in hotels.
Practically, this research mainly points to green collaboration between
stakeholders (managers, staff, and consumer) that can be applied in hotel management.
The green management typology criteria developed from this research can be applied to
measure the extent of a hotel’s green practices. It can also assist hotel managements by
providing a valid reference to enable best green practices in their hotels. Results of this
research encourage hotel managers to involve the staff in formulating a green strategy
and communicate the green strategy to their customers. Noting the positive impact of
hotel green attributes and good hotel customer experience on loyalty, findings of this research deliver a novel approach for hotel management to gain a better understanding
of their customers and to improve customer loyalty in their hotel. The inclusion of
behavioural aspects and mindfulness in determining hotel PEB challenges and
encourages the enactment of PEB among hotel customers.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Dept of Marketing<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Gillis, Ashley Jade. "Categorizing Pro-environmental Behaviors Using the Laypeople's Perspective." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/641.
Full textAbstract:
Most efforts to categorize pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) have focused on researchers’ – rather than laypeople’s – perceptions of PEBs. Drawing on the psychometric paradigm used to categorize environmental risks, we aimed to identify the PEB attributes salient to laypeople and, from that, determine the underlying dimensions of PEB. In Study 1, participants (n = 157) evaluated 30 PEBs through open-ended questions. The results revealed 21 attributes that laypeople commonly associate with PEBs. In Study 2, 250 MTurk participants rated 74 PEBs on the 21 attributes. An exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors underlying PEB: Factor 1 (Financial and Behavioral Cost), Factor 2 (External Pressures), Factor 3 (Environmental Impact and Savings) and Factor 4 (Health and Safety Impacts). PEBs were characterized along each dimension and along multiple dimensions using biplots. Additionally, the four factors strongly predicted behavior intention. The results have implications for interventions to increase PEBs in the general public.
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So, Hiu-Tung-Vivian. "Investigating pro-environmental behaviours using a multilevel modelling approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422168/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the roles of individual, household and country in individuals’ proenvironmental behaviours and aims to understand the relationship between environmental attitudes and behaviours using a multilevel modelling approach. The first and second papers analyse factors influencing individuals’ environmental behaviours in the United Kingdom using data from Wave 4 of the Understanding Society, UK Household Longitudinal Study. General environmental behaviour, as well as home-, transport- and purchasing-related behaviours are studied. The main focus is to highlight the role of the household on these individual behaviours. To account for the complex hierarchical structure of the survey data, where households are clustered within interviewers and geographical areas, both studies propose, for the first time, a cross-classified multilevel modelling approach. Results show that household, interviewer and area have significant effects on the reported environmental behaviours. The findings also suggest that individuals’ personal and environmental values have significant impacts on their behaviours. The third paper examines cross-national differences in individuals’ environmental behaviours by exploring how individual- and country-level factors influence their behaviours and how the relationship between personal environmental attitudes and behaviours varies across countries using a multilevel modelling approach. Analysis is conducted on the 2010 Environmental module of the International Social Survey Programme, a cross-national survey that deals with environmental behaviours and attitudes. General environmental behaviour, as well as home-, purchasing-, transport- and recycling-related behaviours are considered. Results show that both individual- and national-level variables have substantial effects in explaining different types of environmental behaviours. The inclusion of the random slope on environmental attitude also provides evidence that the effects of individuals’ environmental attitudes on their environmental behaviours vary significantly across nations.
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Van, Laere Pauline. "Une approche psychosociale de la protection de l'environnement : perspective temporelle et distance psychologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1227&f=14239.
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Les problèmes environnementaux sont l'un des enjeux majeurs auxquels doivent faire face nos sociétés actuelles. Comprendre les déterminants des comportements de protection de l'environnement est donc important. Après avoir exposé les variables classiquement étudiées comme les variables de personnalité ou attitudinales, nous proposons deux axes de recherche adaptés à la spécificité de notre objet d'étude portant sur des risques souvent présentés comme distants. Dans le premier axe, nous soutiendrons que la capacité à se projeter dans le temps permet de lier le comportement avec ses conséquences futures pour l'environnement et devrait ainsi favoriser l'engagement pour la protection de l'environnement. Après avoir exposé le cadre conceptuel de la perspective temporelle, nous avons réalisé une revue de la littérature montrant qu'effectivement une orientation vers le futur est liée à davantage d'engagement en faveur de l'environnement. Nos études n'ont cependant pas retrouvé ce lien. Nous avons par contre montré une corrélation négative entre l'orientation vers le présent fataliste ou le passé négatif et les comportements pro-environnementaux. L'importance d'autres variables a été démontrée lors de ces expériences comme les préoccupations environnementales, le rapport à la nature et l'implication culturelle. Dans le deuxième axe, nous défendrons la posture inverse en soutenant que c'est en rapprochant la perception des risques environnementaux que l'on favorise les comportements pro-environnementaux. Après avoir présenté le cadre conceptuel de la distance psychologique et son lien avec les niveaux de construits, nous proposons deux études, l'une mesurant la distance perçue vis-à-vis des problèmes environnementaux et l'autre la manipulant. Ces études ont d'abord permis de caractériser la distance perçue vis-à-vis de différents problèmes environnementaux, ceux-ci étant perçus comme relativement proches sur toutes les dimensions à l'exception de la dimension sociale où ils sont à la fois proches et distants. Nous avons ensuite montré qu'une distance proche est associée à davantage de préoccupations environnementales, à une évaluation comme plus réels et plus graves des risques et enfin à davantage d'intentions comportementales d'agir en faveur de l'environnement. Nous conclurons ce travail en mettant nos résultats en perspective et en proposant des applications en terme de communication sur les problèmes environnementaux<br>Environnemental issues are one of the most important problem we face today. Understand determinants of pro-environmental behaviours is crucial. After presenting classic variables as personality and attitudinal variables, we suggest two lines of research adapted to our object specificity for which risks are often distant. In the first line, we will argue that the ability of time projection links the behaviour with its future environmental consequences and should promote commitment to environmental protection. After presenting the theoretical framework of temporal perspective, we conduct a review of literature showing that future orientation is linked to more commitment to the environment. Our studies, however, have not found this link. We have shown a negative correlation between direction towards fatalistic present or negative past and pro-environmental behaviours. Importance of other variables has been demonstrated in these experiences such as environmental concerns, connexion to nature and cultural involvement. In the second line, we will defend the opposite position by arguing that it is by bringing perception of environmental risks closer that we promote pro-environmental behaviour. After exposing the theoretical framework of psychological distance and its relation to levels of constructs, we propose two studies, one measuring the perceived distance regarding environmental problems and the other manipulating it. These studies firstly allowed to characterise the perceived distance to different environmental issues, which are perceived relatively close on all dimensions except for social dimension where they are both close and distant. Then, we show that a close distance is associated with more environmental concerns, an assessment as more real and serious of risks and finally more behavioural intentions to act in favour of environment. We will conclude this work by putting our results in perspective and by suggesting applications in terms of communication on environmental problems
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Hill, Dawn Marie. "Contextual (setting/situational) Control of Pro/Anti Environmental Behavior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196064.
Full textAbstract:
Proenvironmental behavior (PEB) studies have largely taken a person-centered approach under the assumption that behavior is primarily determined by person attributes. Studies measure knowledge, values, environmentalism, attitudes, etc. - all of which apparently reside in the individual and are posited to cause pro/anti-environmental intention. Unfortunately, it has been demonstrated that intention only leads to behavior roughly 30% of the time. One reason this breakdown may exist is that half of the "causal" story is missing, which is how much the context (setting/situation) controls behavior. This study attempted to enhance the empirical literature by relying on an evolutionary foundation focused on an empirical investigation of extant contexts that present to-be-solved adaptive problems and that display affordances and cues to adaptive behavior. Furthermore, this study compares the predictive efficacy of both the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs and new evolutionary and functionalist constructs of life history strategy, environmentalism (conceived more as past behavioral history) and consumerism. This study simultaneously contrast-tested this new evolutionarily and contextually-driven approach with the conventional person-centered approach using the same subjects to empirically determine which approach accounts for the most variance (i.e. a multiple working hypothesis format). The dependent variable presented a closer approximation to real behavior in real-life situations as depicted in written multidimensional vignettes, instead of measuring intention alone in a contextual vacuum. Environmental and non-environmental settings were included, as well as theoretically driven situational dimensions that varied systematically to strategically "cue" specific adaptive problems. This study approach relied on the notion that only when the person by context relationship is studied simultaneously can PEB be better predicted. Results confirmed that settings carried a significant proportion of variance in the collapsed 16 situations tested. The TPB paradigm predicted aggregate behavior; however, it (along with measured specific intentions) did not predict specific behavioral choices in the unique situations. Overall results were mixed but suggested that new lines of research attending to the contexts and social situations in which environmental behavior occurs can provide a better basis for understanding and affecting changes in behavior toward environmental ends, as will be required for achieving long-term environmental sustainability.
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LANZINI, PIETRO. "Pro-environmental spillover in consumer behavior : existence and drivers." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10278/3640952.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis focuses on pro-environmental spillover, and is based on a panel study (pre and post-intervention online surveys) on a sample of students from Århus University, Denmark. Essay 1 analyzes the existence itself of spillover, showing that this is limited to simple and painless behaviors. Essay 2 focuses on the role played by habits as moderator of the spillover effect. Results show that habits do play a relevant role in shaping spillover trajectories, with individuals holding strong habits in the target behavior being more likely to experience stronger spillover. Essay 3 deals with the role played by incentives in spurring spillover; results suggest that the nature of rewards (monetary vs praise) is not a relevant factor in moderating spillover.