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Dalen, Terje, and Håvard Lorås. "Monitoring Training and Match Physical Load in Junior Soccer Players: Starters versus Substitutes." Sports 7, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7030070.
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The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the physical (locomotor activities) and physiological (Banister’s training impulse) in-season training load between starters and substitutes in a well-trained junior soccer team. Physical performance variables from the Polar Team Pro system were collected and analyzed from a sample of junior soccer players (N = 18; age = 15.7 ± 0.5 years; stature, 177.9 ± 4.6 cm; body mass, 67.1 ± 5.5 kg). The study analyzed a total of 10 matches and 38 training sessions during the 2018 season with linear mixed models. The players from the starting line-ups demonstrated significantly higher average weekly physical load compared to the non-starters with respect to all variables: distance (total, running, high-speed running, and sprint) [F (1, 573) ≥ 66, p < 0.001, eta = 0.10], number of accelerations and sprints [F (1, 573) ≥ 66, p < 0.001, eta = 0.10], as well as Banister’s training impulse (TRIMP) [F (1, 569) = 10, p < 0.001, eta = 0.02]. Evidence from this study indicates that a large amount of weekly accumulated high-speed running and sprint distances is related to match playing time. Therefore, weekly fitness-related adaptations in running at high speeds seem to favor the starters in a soccer team.
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Miñano-Espin, Javier, Luis Casáis, Carlos Lago-Peñas, and Miguel Ángel Gómez-Ruano. "High Speed Running and Sprinting Profiles of Elite Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 58, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0086.
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AbstractReal Madrid was named as the best club of the 20th century by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics. The aim of this study was to compare if players from Real Madrid covered shorter distances than players from the opposing team. One hundred and forty-nine matches including league, cup and UEFA Champions League matches played by the Real Madrid were monitored during the 2001-2002 to the 2006-2007 seasons. Data from both teams (Real Madrid and the opponent) were recorded. Altogether, 2082 physical performance profiles were examined, 1052 from the Real Madrid and 1031 from the opposing team (Central Defenders (CD) = 536, External Defenders (ED) = 491, Central Midfielders (CM) = 544, External Midfielders (EM) = 233, and Forwards (F) = 278). Match performance data were collected using a computerized multiple-camera tracking system (Amisco Pro®, Nice, France). A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for distances covered at different intensities (sprinting (>24.0 km/h) and high-speed running (21.1-24.0 km/h) and the number of sprints (21.1-24.0 km/h and >24.0 km/h) during games for each player sectioned under their positional roles. Players from Real Madrid covered shorter distances in high-speed running and sprint than players from the opposing team (p < 0.01). While ED did not show differences in their physical performance, CD (p < 0.05), CM (p < 0.01), EM (p < 0.01) and F (p > 0.01) from Real Madrid covered shorter distances in high-intensity running and sprint and performed less sprints than their counterparts. Finally, no differences were found in the high-intensity running and sprint distances performed by players from Real Madrid depending on the quality of the opposition.
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Hur, Jin-Young, and Hun-Hyuk Choi. "Role of Coach-athlete Relationship Maintenance on the Relationship between Coaching Behaviors and Team Efficacy in Pro-Soccer Athletes." Journal of the Korean society for Wellness 12, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21097/ksw.2017.11.12.4.261.
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Gökkurt, Kadir, and Ali Osman Kıvrak. "The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training During Eight Weeks on Speed, Agility, and Acceleration in U19 Soccer Players." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 2390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582390.
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Aim: The aim in this study was to examine the impact of eight-week high-Intensity interval training on speed, agility, and acceleration under 19 (U19) soccer players. Materials and methods: Healthy 22 soccer players from Anadolu Selçukspor U19 football team, one of the 2nd League teams of Turkish Football Federation (TFF), participated voluntarily in this study. The soccer players taking part in the study were separated randomly into two as the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the age average of the players constituting the experimental group was 18.36±0.51 years, their height average was 1.77±0.06 m, and their body weight average was 71.76±6.52 kg while the control group’s age average was 17.55±0.69 years, height average was 1.76±0.04 m, and body weight average was 70.85±5.40 kg. In the study, the soccer players forming the experimental group attended a high-intensity interval training program three days a week for eight weeks, in addition to their regular training. The players of the control group continued their normal training schedule. The soccer players taking part in the study are the players who practice five days a week and play one official match. Results: In this study, through the comparison of the values of the pre-test and post-test regarding the speed and acceleration property of the soccer players of the experimental group, it was found that their post-test values were better (p<0.05). In terms of their agility property, an improvement of pro-rata 0.008 was seen in the experimental group, while the improvement of the control group took place at the proportion of 0.004 (p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been observed that 8-week high-intensity interval training is statistically significant in the speed and acceleration of soccer players. We contemplate that the inclusion of the high-intensity interval training within the annual training schedule in the field of soccer will affect the performance of the soccer players during the season more positively. Keywords: Agility, Soccer; Interval Training, Acceleration, Speed
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Seo, Il-Han. "The effect of Pro-Soccer team’s CSR on team Image and Parent company Loyalty : The center of FC Seoul club." Korean Journal of Sports Science 29, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2020.02.29.1.409.
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Junior, Mario Norberto Sevilio de Oliveira, Christiano Eduardo Veneroso, Guilherme Passos Ramos, Kelly E. Johnson, Justin P. Guilkey, Alyson Felipe da Costa Sena, Christian Emmanuel Torres Cabido, and Jason M. Cholewa. "Distance and Intensity Profiles in Division I Women’s Soccer Matches across a Competitive Season." Sports 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9050063.
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Women’s participation in soccer has increased rapidly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological demands imposed on women’s NCAA Division I soccer players across a season according to speed, total distance traveled, and numbers of sprints measured via GPS (Polar Team Pro®). Eighteen athletes (19.2 ± 1.1 years, 50.5 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min and 23.4 ± 3.6% fat) participated in this study. The analysis was obtained through 13 official matches. Speed zones were defined as Zone 1 (1.0 to 5.99 km·h−1), Zone 2 (6.0 to 10.99 km·h−1), Zone 3 (11.0 to 15.49 km·h−1), Zone 4 (15.5 to 19.9 km·h−1) and Zone 5 (sprint > 20 km·h−1), with Zones 4–5 considered as high intensity running. Individual differences in playing time and total distance were highly variable due to substitutions. Average distance traveled per game in quartiles was 3.9 km, 5.6 km and 7.4 km in the 25th, 50th, and 75th quartiles, respectively. Relative to playing time, players travelled an average of 113.64 ± 17.12 m/min (range: 93.7 to 143.5 m/min) and ran one sprint every 4.12 ± 2.06 min. When distance was summated and analyzed for the entire team, significant difference between halves was found for speed Zones 2, 3 and 4, with greater values found in the first half. Total distance, high intensity running and sprint distance were significantly less than previously recorded in professional players. These findings suggest that coaches should consider the unique physiological demands and recovery opportunities present in NCAA play when constructing practices and conditioning programs.
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Principe, Vitor Ayres, Ignácio Antônio Seixas-da-Silva, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale, and Rodolfo De Alkmim Moreira Nunes. "GPS technology to control of external demands of elite Brazilian female football players during competitions (Tecnología GPS para controlar las demandas externas de las jugadoras de fútbol brasileñas de élite durante las competiciones)." Retos, no. 40 (October 8, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.81943.
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Abstract. This study aimed to determine the external load demands of elite Brazilian soccer players by position and playing time, using data from global positioning technology (GPS) at a data acquisition frequency of 10Hz from a Polar Team Pro. Twenty-three professional players from a top-flight Brazilian women's soccer team participated in the study. The women were 27.65 ± 4.66 years, 165.35 ± 5.82 cm and 60.91 ± 5.34 kg. Data were collected during two competitions disputed simultaneously, the The São Paulo State Championship and the Brazilian Championship A1 series of 2019. Nine variables related to the external locomotor demand performed by the players in the disputed matches were analyzed. The statistical procedures used were the two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc for data adjustment, and Cohen’s effect size (d), with a p-value < .05 adopted to demonstrate statistical significance. The significant differences in the variables total distance, walking distance, jogging distance, running distance, Sprinting distance, acceleration zone 1, acceleration zone 2, deceleration zone 1 and deceleration zone 2 were analyzed, and the results showed a decrease in the external locomotor demand of the loads during the matches played by these athletes. These results should be used to improve load control and adapt training practices in women's soccer teams.
Resumen. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el comportamiento de las demandas de carga externa de los jugadores de fútbol brasileños de élite por posición y tiempo de juego, utilizando datos de la tecnología de posicionamiento global (GPS) a una frecuencia de adquisición de datos de 10Hz de un Polar Team Pro. Veintitrés jugadoras profesionales de un equipo de fútbol femenino brasileño de primer nivel participaron en el estudio. Las mujeres tenían 27.65 ± 4.66 años, 165.35 ± 5.82 cm y 60.91 ± 5.34 kg. Los datos fueron recolectados durante dos competencias disputadas simultáneamente, el Campeonato del Estado de São Paulo y el Brasileño de la serie A1 de 2019. Se analizaron nueve variables relacionadas con la demanda externa de locomotoras realizadas por los jugadores en los partidos disputados. Los procedimientos estadísticos utilizados fueron el ANOVA de dos vías con Bonferroni post hoc para el ajuste de datos, y el tamaño del efecto de Cohen (d), con un valor de p < .05 adoptado para demostrar la significación estadística. Se analizaron las diferencias significativas en las variables distancia caminando, distancia de trote, distancia corriendo, distancia de sprint, zona de aceleración 1, zona de aceleración 2, zona de desaceleración 1 y zona de desaceleración 2, y los resultados mostraron una disminución en la demanda locomotora externa de las cargas durante los partidos jugados por estos Atletas. Estos resultados deberían usarse para mejorar el control de carga y adaptar las prácticas de entrenamiento en los equipos de fútbol femenino.
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Zhou, Changjing, William G. Hopkins, Wanli Mao, Alberto L. Calvo, and Hongyou Liu. "Match Performance of Soccer Teams in the Chinese Super League—Effects of Situational and Environmental Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 4238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214238.
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To investigate the effects of situational factors (match location, strength of team and opponent) and environmental factors (relative air humidity, temperature and air quality index) on the technical and physical match performance of Chinese Soccer Super League teams (CSL). The generalized mixed modelling was employed to determine the effects by using the data of all 240 matches in the season 2015 collected by Amisco Pro®. Increase in the rank difference would increase the number of goal-scoring related, passing and organizing related actions to a small-to-moderate extent (Effect size [ES]: 0.37–0.99). Match location had small positive effects on goal-scoring related, passing and organizing related variables (ES: 0.27–0.51), while a small negative effect on yellow card (ES = −0.35). Increment in relative air humidity and air quality index would only bring trivial or small effects on all the technical performance (ES: −0.06–0.23). Increase in humidity would decrease the physical performance at a small magnitude (ES: −0.55–−0.38). Teams achieved the highest number in the physical performance-related parameters at the temperature between 11.6 and 15.1 °C. In the CSL, situational variables had major effects on the technical performance but trivial effects on the physical performance, on the contrary, environmental factors affected mainly the physical performance but had only trivial or small impact on the technical performance.
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Núñez-Sánchez, Francisco Javier, Francisco Javier Toscano-Bendala, Miguel Angel Campos-Vázquez, and Luis Jesus Suarez-Arrones. "Individualized speed threshold to analyze the game running demands in soccer players using GPS technology (Umbral de velocidad individualizado para analizar en jugadores de fútbol mediante tecnología GPS las exigencias de sus desplazamientos en competici." Retos, no. 32 (March 7, 2017): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i32.52871.
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The aim of the study was to compare the relative running demands (m·min-1), among different soccer players positions, coded by an absolute threshold vs. an individualized threshold based on splits of 10% of peak velocity, during friendly games, with the same tactical system and monitoring with a GPS. To this end he had 20 players on a semiprofessional soccer team. All players were monitored with a unit GPS (15 hz SPI-pro W2b, GPSport, Canberra, Australia). They are measured peak velocity with a sprint of 40 m, and its activity in 4 friendly matches. The player’s activities were coded into five absolute speed thresholds and ten individualized speed thresholds. The absolute speed thresholds were: Very low intensity running (VLIR: 0-7 km·h-1), Low intensity running (LIR: 7-13 km·h-1), medium intensity running (MIR: 13-18 km·h-1), high intensity running (HIR: 18-21 km·h-1), and very high intensity running (VHIR: >21 km·h-1). The individualized thresholds were from <10%, 10-20 %, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, 70-80%, 80-90%, and >90% of peak velocity (PV). Variables are presented as the mean (± SD), and the estimated precision is indicated with 90% confidence limits (CL). In addition to the analyses for statistical significance (i.e., paired t-tests), possible differences between players’ position was analysed (pairwise comparisons) for practical significance using magnitude-based inferences. The 30% of players get 80-90% of its peak velocity in match and 2.5% reaches 90-100% of its peak velocity.Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las demandas de carrera ent jugadores de fútbol con diferentes roles empleando tecnología GPS, analizando y comparando sus desplazamientos durante partidos amistosos en base a un umbral absoluto, frente a un umbral individualizado al perfil locomotor del jugador. Para ello se les valoró su pico máximo de velocidad realizando un sprint de 40 m, así como su actividad locomotora en 4 partidos amistosos. Los desplazamientos de los jugadores codificaron en cinco umbrales de velocidad absolutos y diez umbrales de velocidad individualizados. Los umbrales de velocidad absolutos fueron: carrera de muy baja intensidad (VLIR: 0-7 km·h-1), carrera de baja intensidad (LIR: 7-13 km·h-1), carrera de intensidad media (MIR: 13-18 km·h-1), carrera de alta intensidad (HIR: 18-21 km·h-1), y carrera de muy alta intensidad (VHIR: >21 km·h-1). Los umbrales individualizados en base a su pico de velocidad máxima (PV) fueron: <10%, 10-20 %, 20-30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, 70-80%, 80-90%, and >90% del PV. El 30% de los jugadores consiguen el 80-90% de su pico de velocidad en partidos y el 2.5 % alcanza el 90-100 % de su pico de velocidad.
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Sagiroglu, İsa, Zeki Akyildiz, Mehmet Yildiz, and Filipe Manuel Clemente. "Validity and reliability of Polar Team Pro GPS units for assessing maximum sprint speed in soccer players." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, September 18, 2021, 175433712110472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17543371211047224.
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Previous research has reported inconsistencies in the validity and reliability of different brands of global positioning systems (GPS). Therefore, it should be questioned whether GPS units measure the maximum speed measurements validly and reliably. The current study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of Polar Team Pro GPS units (10 Hz) when used to measure maximum sprint speed. Sixteen amateur soccer players (age: 27.22 ± 4.70 years; height: 177 ± 6.05 cm; body mass: 73.66 ± 5.63 kg) were tested in the 40 m sprint. Two Polar Team Pro GPS units were positioned on each player, while the radar was placed on a 1 m high tripod placed 10 m behind the starting point. The data obtained from the Polar Team Pro GPS units were compared to determine inter-unit reliability. The data obtained from one of the Polar Team Pro GPS units and radar gun (gold standard) were compared to determine validity. Good inter-unit reliability between the Polar Team Pro GPS units was reported for maximum sprint speed, with low coefficients of variation (5%–6%) and low smallest worthwhile changes (0.4 for all systems). Regarding validity, the coefficient of correlation was extremely high for maximum sprint speed ( r = 0.938, p < 0.001). Moreover, measurement differences between both systems were statistically insignificant (Mean Bias error = 0.144, R2 = 0.879, MAPE = 1.6%, MAE = 0.688, and RMSE = 0.697). Consequently, good reliability and perfect validity were observed, indicating that the Polar Team Pro GPS unit is suitable for maximum sprint speed measurements.
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Akyildiz, Zeki, Mehmet Yildiz, and Filipe Manuel Clemente. "The reliability and accuracy of Polar Team Pro GPS units." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, December 7, 2020, 175433712097666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337120976660.
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This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and reliability of Polar Team Pro GPS units (10 Hz) when used to measure distance and total distance covered in different speed zones. Eight amateur soccer players (age: 21.37 ± 1.40 years, height: 176.75 ± 5 cm, body mass: 176.75 ± 9.47 kg) completed a team sport simulation cycle. Two Polar Team Pro GPS units were positioned on each player’s chest, and one GPSports GPS unit (15 Hz) was positioned between the scapulae. The data obtained from the two Polar Team Pro GPS units were compared to determine inter-unit reliability. The data obtained from one of the Polar Team Pro GPS units and the GPSports GPS unit (reference standard) were compared to determine concurrent accuracy. There was acceptable inter-unit reliability of Polar Team Pro GPS units for total distance (TD), low speed running (LSR) (0.00–13.99 km h−1), high speed running (HSR) (14.00–19.99 km h−1) and very high speed running (VHSR) (>20.0 km h−1) with high ICCs (0.63, 0.99, 0.99 and 0.99, respectively), and low typical error of measurement (%) (TEM%) (4.64, 5.05, 1.06 and 2.89, respectively). Regarding accuracy, the ICCs were extremely high for LSR and HSR (0.99 and 0.92, respectively), but high for TD and VHSR (0.63 and 0.65, respectively). Moreover, TEM (%) values were very low for TD and LSR (0.6 and 1.6, respectively), but they were high for HSR and VHSR (13.8 and 13.1, respectively). Consequently, acceptable inter-unit reliability was observed, indicating that the Polar Team Pro GPS unit is suitable for tracking pertinent team-sport variables. Moreover, the Polar Team Pro GPS units (10 Hz) are accurate under the same conditions. However, the research showed that the two systems cannot be used interchangeably for quantifying distances covered at higher speeds.
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Nobari, Hadi, Rui Silva, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Rafael Oliveira, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, and Jorge Pérez-Gómez. "Variations of external workload across a soccer season for starters and non-starters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, August 21, 2021, 175433712110392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17543371211039297.
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The aims of this study were to (i) analyze within-group (starters and non-starters) for the weekly acute (wAW), chronic (wCW), and acute:chronic workload ratio (wACWR) throughout the pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season periods, and (ii) analyze the within-group differences for the weekly total distance (wTD), sprint total distance (wSTD), high-speed running distance (wHSRd), and repeated sprint (wRS) throughout the soccer season. The study included a professional soccer team that participated in the highest level of the Iranian Persian Gulf Pro League during a full season. A Global Positioning System was used for data collection during the study. Results revealed significant differences between season periods for wAW and wACWR for both starters (wAW: p = 0.003, ηP2 = 0.541; wACWR: p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.964) and non-starters (wAW: p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.696; wACWR: p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.943). Only non-starters had meaningful differences for wCW ( p = 0.009, ηP2 = 0.408). There were significant differences in wTD and wSTD for both starters (wTD: p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.810; wSTD: p = 0.014, ηP2 = 0.457) and non-starters (wTD: p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.895; wSTD: p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.781). Only non-starters showed significant differences ( p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.722) for wRS, while both groups showed no significant differences for wHSRd. In conclusion, these results revealed that both groups experienced significant differences in wAW, wACWR, wTD, and wSTD, while non-starters presented significant differences in wCW and wRS. Coaches should consider these group differences when planning training sessions. Exposure to wSTD and wRS should be addressed for non-starters, as well as fatigue monitoring for starters, especially for players with full match participation.
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Sanchez-Sanchez, Javier, Jose Luis Felipe, Antonio Hernandez-Martin, David Viejo-Romero, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez, Leonor Gallardo, and Jorge Garcia-Unanue. "Influence of the artificial turf certification on physical performance and muscle damage in football players (QUALTURF PROJECT)." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (April 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88192-w.
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AbstractThis study aimed to analyse the influence of the FIFA Quality PRO certification of artificial turf pitches on the physical, physiological performance and muscle damage in soccer players. Fifteen healthy male players (21.2 ± 1.4 years; 178.2 ± 4.3 cm; 79.1 ± 8.3 kg) from a university football team were selected to participate in the research. Mechanical properties related to surface–player interaction were assessed on the two surfaces selected for this study. A randomized design was used and the players performed the Ball-sport Endurance and Sprint Test (BEAST90) on the different artificial turf fields. Average time of the 20 m sprints was longer on the FIFA Quality Pro surface than on the non-certified pitch (+ 0.13 s;p < 0.05; CI 95% − 0.01 to 0.27; ES: 0.305). The players’ perceived effort was higher in the first (+ 2.64;p < 0.05; CI 95% 0.92 to 4.35; ES: 1.421) and the second half (+ 1.35;p < 0.05; CI 95% − 0.02 to 2.72; ES: 0.637) of the test on the FIFA Quality Pro field. Comparative analysis between surfaces showed no significant differences in the time spent in each of the heart rate zones and higher concentrations of CK (+ 196.58;p > 0.05; CI 95% 66.54 to 326.61; ES: 1.645) were evidenced in the non-certified pitch surface. In response to a simulated match protocol, markers of post-exercise muscle damage may be reduced on accredited artificial turf fields. These insights can provide the opportunity to maximize the efficiency of training sessions and reduce the risk of injury during the season.
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Nobari, Hadi, Daniel Castillo, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, and Jorge Pérez-Gómez. "Acute, chronic and acute/chronic ratio between starters and non-starters professional soccer players across a competitive season." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, May 8, 2021, 175433712110165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17543371211016594.
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Quantifying the external training load across the season related to the starting status of players could be relevant for physical conditioning staff, since one of the main goals is to apply the adequate individual training load. Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) monitor the acute workload (wAW), chronic workload (wCW), and acute/chronic workload ratio (wACWR) on a weekly basis using the body load (BL) in starter and non-starter professional soccer players; and (2) analyze the differences between starters and non-starters for wAW, wCW, and wACWR using BL, and (3) analyze the weekly average of distance and sprint variables during four periods of the season (pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season). Twenty-one professional soccer players (28.3 ± 3.8 years; 181.2 ± 7.0 cm; 74.4 ± 7.7 kg) belonging to the same team competing in the Iranian Persian Gulf Pro League were evaluated for a period of 48 weeks (one soccer season). The season was divided into pre-season (weeks 1–5), early-season (weeks 6–19), mid-season (weeks 20–35), and end-season (weeks 36–48). Players were classified according to their starting status: players who were in the starting line-up (i.e. starters) and players who did not make the starting line-up (i.e. non-starters). The results showed greater weekly wAW and wCW for starters compared to non-starters during the mid-season (wAW: p = 0.008, g = −1.24; wCW: p = 0.006; g = −1.31) and end-season (wAW: p = 0.001, g = −1.66; wCW: p = 0.001; g = −1.62). Starters also showed greater weekly total distance (wTD), sprint total distance (wSTD), high-speed running distance (wHSRd), and repeated sprints compared with non-starters across all four periods ( p < 0.05; g = −1.36 to −4.95), higher wHSRd/wTD during pre-season ( p = 0.007, g = −1.28) and mid-season ( p = 0.001, g = −1.62) and a greater wSTD/wTD during pre-season ( p = 0.029, g = −0.99). Based on these findings, coaches and strength and conditioning specialists should individualize training according to match exposure throughout a competitive season.
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"Cuantificación de carga externa e interna en fútbol masculino semiprofesional (External and Internal Load Quantification in a semi-professional male football team)." Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte 16, no. 48 (June 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v16i48.1750.
Full textAbstract:
Con el objetivo de analizar el comportamiento de la carga externa (CE) e interna (CI) en un equipo de fútbol de la Primera División Española Sub-19, se realizó un estudio prospectivo observacional durante un microciclo del periodo competitivo durante la temporada 2018/2019. Durante 5 sesiones de entrenamiento y 1 partido se registró la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo de sesión (sRPE) y, mediante acelerometría (Polar Team Pro), se analizaron las variables de CE distancia recorrida, número de sprint, velocidad de carrera, desaceleraciones y aceleraciones, y las variables de CI sumatorio de zonas de frecuencia cardíaca (SHRZ; summated heart rate zone) y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC). Se determinó la independencia de las variables y exploraron posibles relaciones entre las variables y su posible coocurrencia. CE y CI se comportaron de manera independiente (F=282.05; p<.001; ES=.25). Se observaron relaciones significativas entre variables de CE y CI: SHRZ se relacionó con la totalidad las variables de CE (Distancia/min, r=.845, p=.034; Sprint, r=.928, p=.008; V4/min, r=.916, p=.01; HSR/min, r=.909, p=.012; Total DF/min, r=.872, p=.023; Total AF/min, r=.921, p=.009). RRMean, con Sprint, r=-.856, p=.03; Total DF/min, r=-.943, p=.017; Total AF/min, r=-.943, p=.017). Se determinó una posible coocurrencia entre CE y CI (R2 = 1.000; p = .005) y entre CI y sRPE (R2 = 1.000; p = .008). Las variables de CE presentan una posible coocurrencia con la variable de CI SHRZ. La variable subjetiva de CI sRPE presenta una posible coocurrencia con las variables objetivas de CI relativas a la VFC (RR mean, SDNN, RMSSD) y el tiempo de exposición de sesión. Las sesiones de entrenamiento, en un contexto semiprofesional de un equipo de fútbol, no replican las demandas de competición, presentando esta la mayor exigencia del microciclo. === In order to quantify the external and internal load in a Spanish First Division U-19 football team, a prospective observational study was carried out for a microcycle during the 2018/2019 season. For a 5 training sessions and 1 match, session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) was recorded and, with accelerometry (Polar Team Pro), were analysed studying distance, sprint, running speed, decelerations and accelerations by external load, and summated heart rate zone (SHRZ) and heart rate variability (HRV) by internal load. The independence of the variables was determined and possible relationships between variables and their causality were explored. External and internal load behave independently (F=282.05; p<.001; ES=.25). Significant relationships between external and internal measures were observed: SHRZ was related con to all external variables (Distance/min, R=.845, p=.034; Sprint; r=.928, p=.008; V4/min, r=.916, p=.01; HSR/min, r=.909, p=.012; Total DF/min, r=.872, p=.023; Total AF/min, r=.921, p=.009). RRMean, con Sprint, r=-.856, p=.03; Total DF/min, r=-.943, p=.017; Total AF/min, r=-.943, p=.017). Possible causality was determined between external and internal load (R2=1.000; p=.005) and between internal load and sRPE (R2=1.000; p=.008). CE variables present a possible co-occurrence with CI variable SHRZ. The subjective IQ variable sRPE presents a possible co-occurrence with the IQ objective variables relative to HRV (RR mean, SDNN, RMSSD) and session exposure time. The training sessions, in a semi-professional context of a soccer team, do not replicate the demands of competition, this being the highest requirement of the microcycle.