Journal articles: 'Proactive quality control'

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Xiao, Jie, Jia Li, Helen H. Lou, and Yinlun Huang. "Cure-Window-Based Proactive Quality Control in Topcoat Curing." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45, no. 7 (March 2006): 2351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie050775m.

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Liu, Zheng, Jie Xiao, and Yinlun Huang. "Proactive product quality control: An integrated product and process control approach to MIMO systems." Chemical Engineering Journal 149, no. 1-3 (July 1, 2009): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.02.007.

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Chen, Tse-Chun, and Eugenia Kalnay. "Proactive Quality Control: Observing System Simulation Experiments with the Lorenz ’96 Model." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 1 (January 2019): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0138.1.

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Proactive quality control (PQC) is a fully flow-dependent QC for observations based on the ensemble forecast sensitivity to observations technique (EFSO). It aims at reducing the forecast skill dropout events suffered in operational numerical weather prediction by rejecting observations identified as detrimental by EFSO. Past studies show that individual dropout cases from the Global Forecast System (GFS) were significantly improved by noncycling PQC. In this paper, we perform for the first time cycling PQC experiments in a controlled environment with the Lorenz model to provide a systematic testing of the new method and possibly shed light on the optimal configuration of operational implementation. We compare several configurations and PQC update methods. It is found that PQC improvement is insensitive to the suboptimal configurations in DA, including ensemble size, observing network size, model error, and the length of DA window, but the improvements increase with the flaws in observations. More importantly, we show that PQC improves the analysis and forecast even in the absence of flawed observations. The study reveals that reusing the exact same Kalman gain matrix for PQC update not only provides the best result but requires the lowest computational cost among all the tested methods.

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Chen, Tse-Chun, and Eugenia Kalnay. "Proactive Quality Control: Observing System Experiments Using the NCEP Global Forecast System." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 3911–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-20-0001.1.

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Abstract Proactive quality control (PQC) is a fully flow dependent QC based on ensemble forecast sensitivity to observations (EFSO). Past studies showed in several independent cases that GFS forecasts can be improved by rejecting observations identified as detrimental by EFSO. However, the impact of cycling PQC in sequential data assimilation has, so far, only been examined using the simple Lorenz ’96 model. Using a low-resolution spectral GFS model that assimilates PrepBUFR (no radiance) observations with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), this study aims to become a bridge between a simple model and the implementation into complex operational systems. We demonstrate the major benefit of cycling PQC in a sequential data assimilation framework through the accumulation of improvements from previous PQC updates. Such accumulated PQC improvement is much larger than the “current” PQC improvement that would be obtained at each analysis cycle using “future” observations. As a result, it is unnecessary to use future information, and hence this allows the operational implementation of cycling PQC. The results show that the analyses and forecasts are improved the most by rejecting all the observations identified as detrimental by EFSO, but that major improvements also come from rejecting just the most detrimental 10% observations. The forecast improvements brought by PQC are observed throughout the 10 days of integration and provide more than a 12-h forecast lead-time gain. An important finding is that PQC not only reduces substantially the root-mean-squared forecast errors but also the forecast biases. We also show a case of “skill dropout,” where the control forecast misses a developing baroclinic instability, whereas the accumulated PQC corrections result in a good prediction.

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Hotta, Daisuke, Tse-Chun Chen, Eugenia Kalnay, Yoichiro Ota, and Takemasa Miyoshi. "Proactive QC: A Fully Flow-Dependent Quality Control Scheme Based on EFSO." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 8 (August 2017): 3331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0290.1.

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Despite dramatic improvements over the last decades, operational NWP forecasts still occasionally suffer from abrupt drops in their forecast skill. Such forecast skill “dropouts” may occur even in a perfect NWP system because of the stochastic nature of NWP but can also result from flaws in the NWP system. Recent studies have shown that dropouts occur due not to a model’s deficiencies but to misspecified initial conditions, suggesting that they could be mitigated by improving the quality control (QC) system so that the observation-minus-background (O-B) innovations that would degrade a forecast can be detected and rejected. The ensemble forecast sensitivity to observations (EFSO) technique enables for the quantification of how much each observation has improved or degraded the forecast. A recent study has shown that 24-h EFSO can detect detrimental O-B innovations that caused regional forecast skill dropouts and that the forecast can be improved by not assimilating them. Inspired by that success, a new QC method is proposed, termed proactive QC (PQC), that detects detrimental innovations 6 h after the analysis using EFSO and then repeats the analysis and forecast without using them. PQC is implemented and tested on a lower-resolution version of NCEP’s operational global NWP system. It is shown that EFSO is insensitive to the choice of verification and lead time (24 or 6 h) and that PQC likely improves the analysis, as attested to by forecast improvements of up to 5 days and beyond. Strategies for reducing the computational costs and further optimizing the observation rejection criteria are also discussed.

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Usha, M., and R. S. D. Wahida Banu. "A proactive mechanism for quality of service control in high speed networks." International Journal of Business Information Systems 2, no. 3 (2007): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2007.011982.

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Zhang, Peilin, Mohamed Abdelaal, and Oliver Theel. "Quality of service control in proactive wireless sensor networks via lifetime planning." International Journal of Sensor Networks 26, no. 4 (2018): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsnet.2018.090486.

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Zhang, Peilin, Oliver Theel, and Mohamed Abdelaal. "Quality of service control in proactive wireless sensor networks via lifetime planning." International Journal of Sensor Networks 26, no. 4 (2018): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsnet.2018.10011722.

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Bea, Robert. "Managing the Unpredictable." Mechanical Engineering 130, no. 03 (March 1, 2008): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2008-mar-2.

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This paper focuses on case studies regarding Seattle Symphony and hospital pediatric emergency warts for handling the unpredictable situations in different fields. A symphony orchestra is the model of hierarchical organization. The paper emphasizes that the proactive approach attempts to eliminate or mitigate potential failure modes and their consequences through design and training. The reactive approach seeks to learn from previous failures. The paper also discusses that quality assurance is proactive, done before an activity to realize quality goals. Quality control is interactive, undertaken during an activity to ensure that plans achieve the desired result. We can envision interactive crisis management as lifecycle quality control processes that help achieve target quality and reliability in engineered systems. Through hospital emergency study, successful teams transitioned seamlessly from their highly structured everyday organization into loosely structured teams during emergencies. Heedful and respectful interactions characterized the pediatric teamwork. Because they had worked together so long, team members could almost read one another&s minds.

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Qiao, Ming, Ting Ren, Jon Roberts, Xiaohan Yang, Zhongbei Li, and Jianming Wu. "New insight into proactive goaf inertisation for spontaneous combustion management and control." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 161 (May 2022): 739–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.03.074.

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Carlo, Penny, Austa Parker, Andrew Salveson, Eva Steinle-Darling, and Badaoui Mouderres. "Enhanced Wastewater Source Control: Proactive and Real-Time Monitoring Helps Enforcement and Improves Water Quality (MANUSCRIPT)." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2018, no. 14 (January 1, 2018): 2222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718825156899.

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Lou, Helen H., and Yinlun L. Huang. "Hierarchical decision making for proactive quality control: system development for defect reduction in automotive coating operations." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 16, no. 3 (April 2003): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-1976(03)00060-5.

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Huang, Nan-Sheng, Yi-Chung Chen, Jørgen Christian Larsen, and Poramate Manoonpong. "AHEAD: Automatic Holistic Energy-Aware Design Methodology for MLP Neural Network Hardware Generation in Proactive BMI Edge Devices." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092180.

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The prediction of a high-level cognitive function based on a proactive brain–machine interface (BMI) control edge device is an emerging technology for improving the quality of life for disabled people. However, maintaining the stability of multiunit neural recordings is made difficult by the nonstationary nature of neurons and can affect the overall performance of proactive BMI control. Thus, it requires regular recalibration to retrain a neural network decoder for proactive control. However, retraining may lead to changes in the network parameters, such as the network topology. In terms of the hardware implementation of the neural decoder for real-time and low-power processing, it takes time to modify or redesign the hardware accelerator. Consequently, handling the engineering change of the low-power hardware design requires substantial human resources and time. To address this design challenge, this work proposes AHEAD: an automatic holistic energy-aware design methodology for multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network hardware generation in proactive BMI edge devices. By taking a holistic analysis of the proactive BMI design flow, the approach makes judicious use of the intelligent bit-width identification (BWID) and configurable hardware generation, which autonomously integrate to generate the low-power hardware decoder. The proposed AHEAD methodology begins with the trained MLP parameters and golden datasets and produces an efficient hardware design in terms of performance, power, and area (PPA) with the least loss of accuracy. The results show that the proposed methodology is up to a 4X faster in performance, 3X lower in terms of power consumption, and achieves a 5X reduction in area resources, with exact accuracy, compared to floating-point and half-floating-point design on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which makes it a promising design methodology for proactive BMI edge devices.

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Ternov, Sven, and Roland Akselsson. "A method, DEB analysis, for proactive risk analysis applied to air traffic control." Safety Science 42, no. 7 (August 2004): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2003.10.001.

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Zhang, Jian, Hongtu Zhang, Ting Ren, Jianping Wei, and Yuntao Liang. "Proactive inertisation in longwall goaf for coal spontaneous combustion control-A CFD approach." Safety Science 113 (March 2019): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.12.023.

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Suresh, S., S. Roy, and B. K. Ahuja. "QUALITY BY DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW." INDIAN DRUGS 52, no. 02 (February 26, 2015): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.52.02.p0005.

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Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic, scientific, holistic and proactive approach that begins with pre-defined objectives and emphasis on product, process understanding and process control. It essentially necessitates designing and developing the product and the manufacturing process to achieve the predefined product quality objectives. QbD identifies characteristics that are vital to quality from the patient’s point of view and converts them into critical quality attributes (CQAs) that the product should possess. Further, it establishes the limits, the design space, for critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) that affect the CQAs within which the process will be unaffected and consistently manufacture the desired product. This knowledge is then used to implement a flexible and robust manufacturing process that can adapt and yield a stable product. Risk assessment tools and design of experiments (DoE) are its integral components. This article gives a road map for successful implementation of QbD for pharmaceutical products.

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LU, Ding, and Jing WAN. "China's War on Smog: Measures and Challenges." East Asian Policy 07, no. 02 (April 2015): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930515000173.

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China has taken a series of proactive measures to prevent and control air pollution. The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (2013) includes main policy initiatives to improve national and regional air quality. Fiscal reforms are needed to fund clean-air technology and incentivise firms and households to reduce pollution and economise energy use. The War on Smog requires high-level coordination of governments at different levels and various local jurisdictions.

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Dąbkowski, Mariusz, Andrzej Grono, Piotr Niklas, and Grzegorz Redlarski. "The Behaviour Based Area Coverage of Unknown Environment by Autonomous Mobile Robot Using Modified "The Way of the Ox" Algorithm." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.80.

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In paper the methodology of complete coverage of unknown area by autonomous mobile robot is described. The main principles of complete coverage task using sensory data only are given. The shape of coverage area is defined. The modified "the way of the ox" algorithm is proposed to realize this task and its following stages are described. Definitions of two quality indicators of realization of complete coverage task are given. The behaviour based control methodology imitated reactions of animals, realized the robot's movement, is presented. The general structure of reactive and proactive behaviours is showed. The example structures of defined reactive and proactive beheaviours, which allow to achive given task, are described. The example structure of complex behaviour implemented in Matlab-Simulink environment is presented. Graphical results of simulations of complete coverage task are presented. Values of quality indicators D and E are given and discussed.

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Zahedi Fard, Seyed Yahya, Mohammad Karim Sohrabi, and Vahid Ghods. "Energy-Aware and Proactive Host Load Detection in Virtual Machine Consolidation." Information Technology and Control 50, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.50.2.28056.

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With the expansion and enhancement of cloud data centers in recent years, increasing the energy consumptionand the costs of the users have become the major concerns in the cloud research area. Service quality parametersshould be guaranteed to meet the demands of the users of the cloud, to support cloud service providers,and to reduce the energy consumption of the data centers. Therefore, the data center's resources must be managedefficiently to improve energy utilization. Using the virtual machine (VM) consolidation technique is animportant approach to enhance energy utilization in cloud computing. Since users generally do not use all thepower of a VM, the VM consolidation technique on the physical server improves the energy consumption andresource efficiency of the physical server, and thus improves the quality of service (QoS). In this article, a serverthreshold prediction method is proposed that focuses on the server overload and server underload detectionto improve server utilization and to reduce the number of VM migrations, which consequently improves theVM's QoS. Since the VM integration problem is very complex, the exponential smoothing technique is utilizedfor predicting server utilization. The results of the experiments show that the proposed method goes beyondexisting methods in terms of power efficiency and the number of VM migrations.

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Geller, Amanda. "Benefit-Cost Analysis in Policing Research: Assessing Crime-Control Benefits of Proactive Enforcement Practices." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 8, no. 3 (2017): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2017.22.

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The police are widely recognized as an important deterrent of crime, with investments in policing broadly associated with lower crime rates. Much less is known about how investments in policing contribute to crime reductions, or the relative merits and risks of specific activities in which officers engage, leaving policing as an area in which benefit-cost analysis methods stand to make a significant substantive contribution. However, the implementation of these methods involves challenges related to measuring both the quantity and quality of policing involved in a given dosage of policing, as well as the causal effects of police practices on crime. This essay lays out several of the challenges inherent in understanding the benefits and costs of policing practices, with a specific eye toward practices commonly known as “proactive policing” practices, and their effects on crime rates. I lay out potential strategies for resolving these challenges, which focus largely on identifying exogenous discontinuities in policing practices that can be used to assess outcome differences. Thorough assessment of policing practices should apply as many of these strategies as possible, in order to understand how robust or sensitive substantive conclusions may be to strategies used.

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Nebenzahl, L., R. Nagarajan, J. Wong, L. Volpe, and G. Whitney. "Chemical Integration and Contamination Control In Hard Disk Drive Manufacturing." Journal of the IEST 41, no. 5 (September 14, 1998): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.41.5.b3m3376867pj0232.

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As we approach the turn of the century, the demand for storage is rapidly increasing, fueled by multimedia and its associated applications. Hard disk drive (HDD) manufacturers continue to respond by chasing the areal density curve to provide higher capacity and higher performance disk drives. The required technology changes are expected to aggravate performance and reliability problems, such as stiction, associated with organic contamination; thermal asperities, associated with particulate contamination; and corrosion, associated with ionic contamination. Anticipation and proactive resolution of chemical integration and contamination control problems are key to the successful development and manufacturing of advanced HDDs. In this paper, types and sources of contamination that can impact HDD performance are described; various contamination-related problems are reviewed; and a methodology by which successful chemical integration in the hard disk drive business can be accomplished is outlined.

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Babaeian Jelodar, Mostafa, Pratik Hemant Raut, and Ehsan Saghatforoush. "Contractor-Delay Control in Building Projects: Escalation of Strategy from Primary Proactive to Secondary Reactive." Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction 13, no. 2 (May 2021): 04521002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)la.1943-4170.0000449.

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Kontogiannis, Tom, and Stathis Malakis. "A proactive approach to human error detection and identification in aviation and air traffic control." Safety Science 47, no. 5 (May 2009): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.09.007.

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Owen, Tony. "Quality Through People: A Blueprint for Proactive Total Quality Management by John Choppin IFS Publications, Bedford, UK, 1991, 461pages incl. index (£29.95)." Robotica 9, no. 4 (December 1991): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700000679.

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Monga, Alokparna Basu, and Liwu Hsu. "How Consumers’ Styles of Thinking Can Control Brand Dilution." GfK Marketing Intelligence Review 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gfkmir-2018-0007.

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Abstract Understanding consumers’ ways of thinking can help identify strategies to limit brand damage and elicit more favorable reactions from disapproving consumers. Analytic thinkers’ beliefs about a brand are diluted when they see negative information; those of holistic thinkers remain unaffected. While both analytic and holistic thinkers blame the brand equally for quality and manufacturing problems, holistic thinkers are more likely to blame contextual factors outside of the brand than analytic thinkers. This ability of holistic thinkers to focus on the outside context is the reason why their brand beliefs are not diluted. State-of-the-art crisis management should be proactive vis-à-vis potentially negative events. Crisis communications that highlight contextual factors as triggers of negative incidents offer a powerful mechanism to restrict brand damage. Additionally, elaborational messages that clarify the nature of the brand extension can curb negative thoughts from analytic consumers and boost their responses.

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Seo, Jihyeon, Yoonpyo Lee, Seokhyung Kang, Hyejin Chun, Wook Bum Pyun, Seong-Hoon Park, Kyong-Mee Chung, and Ick-Mo Chung. "Poor Health-Related Quality of Life and Proactive Primary Control Strategy May Act as Risk Factors for Acute Coronary Syndrome." Korean Circulation Journal 45, no. 2 (2015): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2015.45.2.117.

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Falck, Ann-Christine, Roland Örtengren, Mikael Rosenqvist, and Rikard Söderberg. "Proactive assessment of basic complexity in manual assembly: development of a tool to predict and control operator-induced quality errors." International Journal of Production Research 55, no. 15 (September 5, 2016): 4248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1227103.

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Borodin, Valeria, Jean Bourtembourg, Faicel Hnaien, and Nacima Labadie. "A multi-step rolled forward chance-constrained model and a proactive dynamic approach for the wheat crop quality control problem." European Journal of Operational Research 246, no. 2 (October 2015): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.04.048.

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Qatan, Salem, Shekar Bose, and Ann Mothershaw. "Stakeholders’ views on the status of the fish quality and safety regulatory schemes." British Food Journal 117, no. 4 (April 2, 2015): 1303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2013-0359.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the views of the primary and the secondary stakeholders on the current functioning of the fish quality and safety regulatory system in Oman. Design/methodology/approach – The views on the fish quality and safety regulatory governance mechanism were elicited using a questionnaire survey. Findings – Although specific benefits derived from the quality control (QC) regulations were recognized by both groups a number of key factors were highlighted for improvement such as funding, being more proactive, literacy, quality of fish received. Originality/value – The paper has identified some weaknesses and constraints that hinder the effective and efficient functioning of the quality and safety regulatory systems and provided appropriate policy recommendations to make the governance of the QC regulatory system in the seafood sector efficient and effective and to mitigate public health risk.

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Askari, Roohollah, Milad Shafii, Sima Rafiei, Mohammad Sadegh Abolhassani, and Elaheh Salarikhah. "Failure mode and effect analysis: improving intensive care unit risk management processes." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 30, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-04-2016-0053.

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Purpose Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a practical tool to evaluate risks, discover failures in a proactive manner and propose corrective actions to reduce or eliminate potential risks. The purpose of this paper is to apply FMEA technique to examine the hazards associated with the process of service delivery in intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in Yazd, Iran. Design/methodology/approach This was a before-after study conducted between March 2013 and December 2014. By forming a FMEA team, all potential hazards associated with ICU services – their frequency and severity – were identified. Then risk priority number was calculated for each activity as an indicator representing high priority areas that need special attention and resource allocation. Findings Eight failure modes with highest priority scores including endotracheal tube defect, wrong placement of endotracheal tube, EVD interface, aspiration failure during suctioning, chest tube failure, tissue injury and deep vein thrombosis were selected for improvement. Findings affirmed that improvement strategies were generally satisfying and significantly decreased total failures. Practical implications Application of FMEA in ICUs proved to be effective in proactively decreasing the risk of failures and corrected the control measures up to acceptable levels in all eight areas of function. Originality/value Using a prospective risk assessment approach, such as FMEA, could be beneficial in dealing with potential failures through proposing preventive actions in a proactive manner. The method could be used as a tool for healthcare continuous quality improvement so that the method identifies both systemic and human errors, and offers practical advice to deal effectively with them.

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Liu, Xiaofeng, and Arunita Jaekel. "Congestion Control in V2V Safety Communication: Problem, Analysis, Approaches." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050540.

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The emergence of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is expected to be an important step toward achieving safety and efficiency in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). One important requirement of safety applications is that vehicles are able to communicate with neighboring vehicles, with very low latency and packet loss. The high mobility, unreliable channel quality and high message rates make this a challenging problem for VANETs. There have been significant research activities in recent years in the development of congestion control algorithms that ensure reliable delivery of safety messages in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of congestion control approaches for VANET. We identify the relevant parameters and performance metrics that can be used to evaluate these approaches and analyze each approach based a number of factors such as the type of traffic, whether it is proactive or reactive, and the mechanism for controlling congestion. We conclude this paper with some additional considerations for designing V2V communication protocols and interesting and open research problems and directions for future work.

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Sauk Hee, Park. "Consolidating Public Sector Reform through Policy Transfer in Korea: Global Diffusion and Local Control." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 27, no. 3 (December 31, 2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps27301.

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In Korea, demands for economic and social democratization increasedafter 2000, as the country dealt with economic recession after the 1997 Asianfinancial crisis and with other problems resulting from mismanaged domesticpolicies. In response, the Korean state carried out unprecedented reform of thepublic sector to address these problems by streamlining state capacity. Theprimary objectives of this article are to understand Korean public sector reformtogether with its domestic political factors from a policy transfer perspective,and to suggest an alternate model for the reforms. The reforms, which took placeduring the Kim Dae-Jung and the Roh Mu-Hyun administrations, were consolidatedthrough proactive policy transfer by politico-bureaucratic decisions inorder to establish a new statecraft despite the global diffusion of policy trends.Investigation of its domestic political circumstances and historical contextreveals that the reforms were not direct emulations of global norms, but ratheran attempt to use a mixture of models to raise the quality of government.

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Dymond, Amy, Heather Davies, Stuart Mealing, Vicki Pollit, Francesc Coll, Nicholas M. Brown, and Sharon J. Peacock. "Genomic Surveillance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Mathematical Early Modeling Study of Cost-effectiveness." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 8 (June 18, 2019): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz480.

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Abstract Background Genomic surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identifies unsuspected transmission events and outbreaks. Used proactively, this could direct early and highly targeted infection control interventions to prevent ongoing spread. Here, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of this intervention in a model that compared whole-genome sequencing plus current practice versus current practice alone. Methods A UK cost-effectiveness study was conducted using an early model built from the perspective of the National Health Service and personal social services. The effectiveness of sequencing was based on the relative reduction in total MRSA acquisitions in a cohort of hospitalized patients in the year following their index admissions. A sensitivity analysis was used to illustrate and assess the level of confidence associated with the conclusions of our economic evaluation. Results A cohort of 65 000 patients were run through the model. Assuming that sequencing would result in a 90% reduction in MRSA acquisition, 290 new MRSA cases were avoided. This gave an absolute reduction of 28.8% and avoidance of 2 MRSA-related deaths. Base case results indicated that the use of routine, proactive MRSA sequencing would be associated with estimated cost savings of over £728 290 per annual hospitalized cohort. The impact in total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was relatively modest, with sequencing leading to an additional 14.28 QALYs gained. Results were most sensitive to changes in the probability of a MRSA-negative patient acquiring MRSA during their hospital admission. Conclusions We showed that proactive genomic surveillance of MRSA is likely to be cost-effective. Further evaluation is required in the context of a prospective study.

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Hommel, Inge, Petra van Gurp, Alfons den Broeder, Hub Wollersheim, Femke Atsma, Marlies Hulscher, and Cees Tack. "Reactive Rather than Proactive Diabetes Management in the Perioperative Period." Hormone and Metabolic Research 49, no. 07 (April 24, 2017): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-105501.

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AbstractAs perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with poor postoperative patient outcomes, clinical guidelines provide recommendations for optimal perioperative glucose control. It is unclear to what extent recommended glucose levels are met in daily practice, and little is known about factors that influence these levels. We describe blood glucose levels throughout the hospital care pathway in 375 non-critically ill patients with diabetes who underwent major surgery (abdominal, cardiac, or orthopedic) in 6 hospitals, examine determinants of these levels including adherence to 9 quality indicators for optimal perioperative diabetes care, and perform qualitative interviews to identify barriers for optimal care. Virtually all patients (95%) experienced at least one hyperglycemic value (>10 mmol/l); 9% had at least one value <4 mmol/l. Mean glucose increased from preoperative to postoperative day (POD) 1 (+2.3 mmol/l, 5–95% CI 1.9–2.7), and then gradually decreased on POD 2–14 (+1.8 mmol/l, 5–95% CI 1.4–2.2). Insulin-treated patients (with or without oral agents) had higher glucose levels (+1.7 mmol/l, 5–95% CI 0.5–3.0, and +1.2 mmol/l, −0.1 to −2.5) than patients using oral agents only. Indicator adherence tended to be associated with higher glucose levels. Barriers for optimal care included a lack of formalized agreements on target glucose levels, absence of directly obvious disadvantages of hyperglycemia, and concern about inducing hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia is common after major surgery, in particular on POD1 and in insulin-treated patients. Our results suggest that perioperative diabetes care is reactive rather than proactive, and that current emphasis of professionals is on treating instead of preventing postoperative hyperglycemia.

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Rana, Brinda K., Matthew S. Panizzon, Carol E. Franz, Kelly M. Spoon, Kristen C. Jacobson, Hong Xian, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Michael Lyons, and William S. Kremen. "Association of Sleep Quality on Memory-Related Executive Functions in Middle Age." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717000637.

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AbstractObjectives: Sleep quality affects memory and executive function in older adults, but little is known about its effects in midlife. If it affects cognition in midlife, it may be a modifiable factor for later-life functioning. Methods: We examined the association between sleep quality and cognition in 1220 middle-aged male twins (age 51–60 years) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. We interviewed participants with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and tested them for episodic memory as well as executive functions of inhibitory and interference control, updating in working memory, and set shifting. Interference control was assessed during episodic memory, inhibitory control during working memory, and non-memory conditions and set shifting during working memory and non-memory conditions. Results: After adjusting for covariates and correcting for multiple comparisons, sleep quality was positively associated with updating in working memory, set shifting in the context of working memory, and better visual-spatial (but not verbal) episodic memory, and at trend level, with interference control in the context of episodic memory. Conclusions: Sleep quality was associated with visual-spatial recall and possible resistance to proactive/retroactive interference. It was also associated with updating in working memory and with set shifting, but only when working memory demands were relatively high. Thus, effects of sleep quality on midlife cognition appear to be at the intersection of executive function and memory processes. Subtle deficits in these age-susceptible cognitive functions may indicate increased risk for decline in cognitive abilities later in life that might be reduced by improved midlife sleep quality. (JINS, 2018, 24, 67–76)

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Klopfer, Kristina M., Katreena Scott, Jennifer Jenkins, and Joe Ducharme. "Effect of Preservice Classroom Management Training on Attitudes and Skills for Teaching Children With Emotional and Behavioral Problems: A Randomized Control Trial." Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children 42, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888406417735877.

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Childhood emotional and behavioral problems are prevalent in elementary classroom settings, making it imperative that high-quality, efficacious training be available to support teachers in managing disruptive and distressed child behaviors. Our study used a randomized control design to examine the impact of 36 hours of preservice education targeted at improving the attitudes of teachers toward children with emotional and behavioral difficulties, and developing their skills in using proactive and preventative strategies to address anticipated behavioral challenges. Eighty-two preservice teachers were randomly assigned to an elective course on management of emotional and behavioral problems (50 teachers) or to an alternate elective of their choice (32 teachers). Results highlight the positive influence of targeted preservice instruction; specifically, there were medium to large posttest effect size differences between preservice teachers who received this elective as compared with those who did not on measures of teachers’ use of psychological pressure (e.g., teacher disappointment and shaming; d = 0.76), their positive emotions ( d = 0.69), negative reactions ( d = 1.05), and their use of proactive strategies ( d = 1.43 and 1.59), inadequate strategies ( d = 0.73), and reactive strategies ( d = 1.01) in response to challenging child behaviors in simulated classrooms. No significant intervention-related differences were noted in preservice teacher self-efficacy, endorsement of rules and control, warmth and support, or negative beliefs. Overall, results provide promising evidence that preservice training can effectively affect the immediate attitudes and skills of teachers for supporting children with emotional and behavioral problems in a regular classroom context.

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Tiele, Akira, Siavash Esfahani, and James Covington. "Design and Development of a Low-Cost, Portable Monitoring Device for Indoor Environment Quality." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5353816.

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This article describes the design and development of a low-cost, portable monitoring system for indoor environment quality (IEQ). IEQ is a holistic concept that encompasses elements of indoor air quality (IAQ), indoor lighting quality (ILQ), acoustic comfort, and thermal comfort (temperature and relative humidity). The unit is intended for the monitoring of temperature, humidity, PM2.5, PM10, total VOCs (×3), CO2, CO, illuminance, and sound levels. Experiments were conducted in various environments, including a typical indoor working environment and outdoor pollution, to evaluate the unit’s potential to monitor IEQ parameters. The developed system was successfully able to monitor parameter variations, based on specific events. A custom IEQ index was devised to rate the parameter readings with a simple scoring system to calculate an overall IEQ percentage. The advantages of the proposed system, with respect to commercial units, is associated with better customisation and flexibility to implement a variety of low-cost sensors. Moreover, low-cost sensor modules reduce the overall cost to provide a comprehensive, portable, and real-time monitoring solution. This development facilities researchers and interested enthusiasts to become engaged and proactive in participating in the study, management, and improvement of IEQ.

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Kim, Yunkon, and Eui-Nam Huh. "EDCrammer: An Efficient Caching Rate-Control Algorithm for Streaming Data on Resource-Limited Edge Nodes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 23, 2019): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122560.

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This paper explores data caching as a key factor of edge computing. State-of-the-art research of data caching on edge nodes mainly considers reactive and proactive caching, and machine learning based caching, which could be a heavy task for edge nodes. However, edge nodes usually have relatively lower computing resources than cloud datacenters as those are geo-distributed from the administrator. Therefore, a caching algorithm should be lightweight for saving computing resources on edge nodes. In addition, the data caching should be agile because it has to support high-quality services on edge nodes. Accordingly, this paper proposes a lightweight, agile caching algorithm, EDCrammer (Efficient Data Crammer), which performs agile operations to control caching rate for streaming data by using the enhanced PID (Proportional-Integral-Differential) controller. Experimental results using this lightweight, agile caching algorithm show its significant value in each scenario. In four common scenarios, the desired cache utilization was reached in 1.1 s on average and then maintained within a 4–7% deviation. The cache hit ratio is about 96%, and the optimal cache capacity is around 1.5 MB. Thus, EDCrammer can help distribute the streaming data traffic to the edge nodes, mitigate the uplink load on the central cloud, and ultimately provide users with high-quality video services. We also hope that EDCrammer can improve overall service quality in 5G environment, Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR), Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Internet of Things (IoT), etc.

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David, K., and R. Anand. "Determination of influencing metricsin water fall model." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.26 (May 7, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.26.12524.

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You cannot control what you can’t measure - Tom DeMarco -Metrics plays a critical role in any industry. The metrics can tell the senior management the health of the activity in that organization. In the paper, we have studied the relationship between the metrics and the quality of deliverables. Once the right metrics are identified for a particular phasein the life cycle model it will help the project manager to proactive-ly detect the issues earlier and arrest the defects. This can help the project teams to deliver the product on time without defects. There by the cost of the projects can be reduced which in turn will have high customer satisfaction.

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Pollock, Carol A. "The Impact of Guidelines for the Prevention of Anemia on Clinical Outcome." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 25, no. 3_suppl (February 2005): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080502503s25.

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Guidelines for anemia management in renal disease are supported by substantial evidence demonstrating improvement in quality of life and objective markers of physical and cognitive performance. Randomized control studies demonstrating a survival benefit or improved cardiovascular outcomes are inconsistent. However, observational studies clearly demonstrate reduced mortality and hospitalization rate in patient cohorts on hemodialysis with hemoglobin measurements within the recommended target ranges. Data from patients in the predialysis phase of chronic kidney disease and those on peritoneal dialysis are limited and studies assessing the clinical impact of adherence to guidelines should be further explored in these populations. Available evidence suggests a proactive approach to anemia management should be practiced.

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Beltran, V., A. F. Skarmeta, and P. M. Ruiz. "An ARM-Compliant Architecture for User Privacy in Smart Cities: SMARTIE—Quality by Design in the IoT." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3859836.

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Much has been said about the benefits that the Internet of Things (IoT) will bring to citizens’ life. Countless smart objects will be soon offering autonomous behavior in smart environments by sensing the physical world around us, collecting information about us, and taking proactive actions (many times without our consent) with the ultimate goal of improving our wellness. Without a strong guarantee on user privacy, the IoT may sound scary for many citizens. Indeed, the IoT-Architecture Reference Model (IoT-ARM) is a European effort for promoting IoT quality aspects such as security and privacy. This paper paves the way to the adoption of reference architectures by describing the application of the IoT-ARM within a European-funded project, SMARTIE. The SMARTIE architecture has been designed to empower citizens to take control of their IoT devices and privacy, while guaranteeing scalability for large deployments in smart cities.

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Thomas, Philippe, Hind Bril El Haouzi, Marie-Christine Suhner, André Thomas, Emmanuel Zimmermann, and Mélanie Noyel. "Using a classifier ensemble for proactive quality monitoring and control: The impact of the choice of classifiers types, selection criterion, and fusion process." Computers in Industry 99 (August 2018): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.03.038.

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Mesa-Jiménez, José Joaquín, Lee Stokes, QingPing Yang, and Valerie Livina. "Early warning signals of failures in building management systems." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 12 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2021009.

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In the context of sensor data generated by Building Management Systems (BMS), early warning signals are still an unexplored topic. The early detection of anomalies can help preventing malfunctions of key parts of a heating, cooling and air conditioning (HVAC) system that may lead to a range of BMS problems, from important energy waste to fatal errors in the worst case. We analyse early warning signals in BMS sensor data for early failure detection. In this paper, the studied failure is a malfunction of one specific Air Handling Unit (AHU) control system that causes temperature spikes of up to 30 degrees Celsius due to overreaction of the heating and cooling valves in response to an anomalous temperature change caused by the pre-heat coil in winter period in a specific area of a manufacturing facility. For such purpose, variance, lag-1 autocorrelation function (ACF1), power spectrum (PS) and variational autoencoder (VAE) techniques are applied to both univariate and multivariate scenarios. The univariate scenario considers the application of these techniques to the control variable only (the one that displays the failure), whereas the multivariate analysis considers the variables affecting the control variable for the same purpose. Results show that anomalies can be detected up to 32 hours prior to failure, which gives sufficient time to BMS engineers to prevent a failure and therefore, an proactive approach to BMS failures is adopted instead of a reactive one.

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Yang, Jyh-Bin. "Reviewing Construction Schedule Float Management." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801711010001.

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As the complexity in construction projects increased, simply managing the obtained float values and critical path(s) by the CPM method usually results in more difficult schedule control and, consequently, in incorrect decision making due to non-realistic float values. This study thoroughly reviewed various float types in the literature and professional project management systems, and discussed five managerial essentials and three proactive strategies on mitigating challenging float-related problems based on the perspective of managing schedules by controlling floats. With some comments and suggestions, the outcomes of this study not only improve the knowledge level on schedule management but also provide a better understanding of float management to improve the quality of schedule management.

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He, Runqin. "Automatic Equipment Design of Intelligent Manufacturing Flexible Production Line Based on Industrial Motorized Spindle." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 15, no. 2 (April 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.287627.

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Based on the previous research on the production line automation, this paper carries out further research and further design and development on the basis of the original production line automation equipment. In this paper, the overall design of the automatic production line is carried out, and the various systems in the automatic production line are optimized, and the backward instruments are eliminated, and then some more advanced and convenient instruments are applied. Then, the hardware and software of the automatic production line are studied respectively, and the human-computer interaction module and real-time main control circuit module are re developed, and the electric shaft is applied to the automatic production line. Finally, the fuzzy PID controller of the stepping motor is designed. The experiment shows that the fuzzy PID control scheme is better than the traditional PID control scheme. After the rationalization of the system, the quality robustness of proactive planning is improved obviously. Then, the temperature of motorized spindle was tested.

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Gnidenko, A. S. "Hierachical model-algorithmic complex of combined planning and proactive control regarding the example of railway train group coordination." Informatization and communication 5 (December 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34219/2078-8320-2020-11-5-41-50.

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Aim. At present there are quite a few systems that automate the control of a train or group of trains in order to reduce manual control and create an optimal schedule within the railway network. However, those systems are mostly based on rules of thumb and lack universality, so they have a fairly narrow scope of application. The original software and algorithmic complex considered in this article allows to solve this problem of multi-level planning, optimizes the capacity of the railway network, and minimizes violations of the due arrival times. Materials and methods. An original multi-model software and algorithmic complex, divided into several layers is used to solve the described problem of multi-level planning. At the lower level of the hierarchy, the movement of an individual train is planned, the next level is devoted to regarding the processes of passing a particular section of the network to technological works in terms of network planning, and at the upper level evaluation and optimization of integrated quality indicators for a whole group of trains, as well as evaluating and adding stability reserves to the built plan take place. Results. An original method and a software-algorithmic complex based on it were developed. This system solves the problem of planning and coordinating a group of trains within a single railway network in order to optimize its capacity and minimize violations of arrival deadlines. Along with this, the developed complex solves the problem of proactive real-time train control, and can be used as a decision support system. Conslusions. The proposed methodic, using fundamental approaches, can signifi cantly reduce the complexity of the original multidimensional computational problem by solving it by a hierarchy of models and reducing the original task to a network planning problem. The developed softwarealgorithmic complex solves a wide range of tasks in terms of train group movement planning and coordination, and has a high versatility. Therefore, the chosen approach has good prospects, but it requires further testing and application for real transport systems to prove its effi ciency.

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Москалева, Наталья, and Natal'ya Moskaleva. "IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TRANSPORT SERVICES FOR LONG-DISTANCE ROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION." Services in Russia and abroad 11, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-042x-11-6-5.

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The article justifies the role of self-control by transportation organizations and monitoring by tour operators and insurance companies of the behavior of drivers, their health and technical condition of vehicles. The article reveals the methodology of improving the quality of social services for the public by monitoring the behavior, health of drivers of vehicles and the technical state of vehicles in longdistance, international transport of the population (including tourists). The methodology is aimed at identifying possible dangers, discomfort in the process of providing services to the population and proactive purposeful actions to eliminate or minimize the negative consequences. The methodology contains a set of measures and recommendations that improve the quality of tourism road transportation, and allow car carriers, tour operators and travel agents significantly to reduce financial costs by avoiding traffic accidents through the fault of drivers of car carriers. The author develops and analyzes the concepts of behavior, the health status of drivers of the vehicle, the signs of their manifestation. The methodology includes recommendations for transportation organizations, tour operators (travel agents) for tests of the behavior of vehicle drivers through a «mysterious passenger». The author suggests ways to organize quality control of pre-trip medical examination of drivers. The author recommends for auto carriers introduce measures aimed at maintaining the normal technical condition of vehicles. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of implementing the methodology in the work of auto carriers, tour operators, travel agents not only in the Russian Federation, but also the host party abroad.

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Brinanti, Brinanti, Zakaria Wahab, Marlina Widiyanti, and Aslamia Rosa. "influence of product quality and promotion on the purchase decision of NPK retail non subsidy fertilizer at PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang in the South Sumatra Region." International journal of business, economics & management 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijbem.v4n4.1814.

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This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and promotion on purchasing decisions of retail non-subsidized NPK fertilizers at PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang in the South Sumatra region. The population in this study is the end-user, namely household food crops agricultural buyers of non-subsidized retail NPK fertilizers, both Pusri and other brands divided based on the harvest area in 2019 in South Sumatera Province many as 100 respondents using two-stage cluster random sampling technique as a sample determination. The multiple linear regression analysis results show that product quality positively and significantly affects purchasing decisions. The promotion has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Product quality is better to improve quality control of the production process and product quality, evaluate the standard of fertilizer bags used, evaluate the fertilizer distribution process, evaluate the implementation of fertilizer storage at GPP, and conduct socialization and education to kiosk. Promotions, giving direct gifts to farmers, conducting outreach activities, and meeting customers, Pusri officers in the field must be more proactive in visiting kiosk, providing scheduled soft skills training to Pusri officers.

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Berg, Alvyn P., Ting-An Fang, and Hao L. Tang. "Variability of residual chlorine in swimming pool water and determination of chlorine consumption for maintaining hygienic safety of bathers with a simple mass balance model." Journal of Water and Health 17, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.217.

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Abstract Trial-and-error chlorination as a conventional practice for swimming pool water disinfection may fail to consistently maintain the pool's residual chlorine within regulatory limits. This study explored the variability of residual chlorine and other common water quality parameters of two sample swimming pools and examined the potential of using a mass balance model for proactive determination of chlorine consumption to better secure the hygienic safety of bathers. A lightly loaded Pool 1 with a normalized bather load of 0.038 bather/m3/day and a heavily loaded Pool 2 with a normalized bather load of 0.36 bather/m3/day showed great variances in residual free and combined chlorine control by trial-and-error methods due to dynamic pool uses. A mass balance model based on chemical and physical chlorine consumption mechanisms was found to be statistically valid using field data obtained from Pool 1. The chlorine consumption per capita coefficient was determined to be 4120 mg/bather. The predictive method based on chlorine demand has a potential to be used as a complementary approach to the existing trial-and-error chlorination practices for swimming pool water disinfection. The research is useful for pool maintenance to proactively determine the required chlorine dosage for compliance of pool regulations.

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Ambali, H. A., E. C. Okolocha, J. Kabir, and N. H. Moru. "Quality assessment of commercially available Newcastle disease vaccine in Lagos State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i2.11.

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Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks occur among vaccinated and non-vaccinated poultry flocks causing varying degrees of economic losses despite vigorous vaccination for the control of the disease. In this study, the qualities of vaccines available for the control of ND in poultry in Lagos State were evaluated. A total of 264 blood samples were collected from poultry flocks of the enrolled farmers and 80vials of ND vaccines were obtained from nine poultry vaccine retailers patronized by the enrolled farmers. Twenty-five vials of ND vaccines were also collected from five importers that were patronized by the poultry vaccine retailers. Five vials each of the different ND vaccines were purchased from each retailers or importers and were used as representative samples of the different ND vaccines available for sale at the time of sampling. These were subjected to both physical and serological testing using Haemagglutination test (HA), Haemagglutination–inhibition test (HI) and Enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Coefficient of variance of solubility among all the vaccines ranged from 7.06% to 378.89%. Vaccines obtained from retailers had meanHA titres of between 0.2 log and 11 log , while for the imported vaccines the mean HA titre 2 2 was between 6 log₂and 10.8log₂. Two hundred and sixty-four sera were tested for ND antibody, out of which 240 (90.91%) and 262 (99.24%) were positive for the presence of protective HI and ELISA ND antibodies respectively. From this study, lower coefficient of variance of solubility was observed in vaccines from importers than those from retailerswhich could indicate that vaccines are probably better stored by importers than the retailers. There should be proactive government monitoring agency at all levels of vaccine protocols.

Journal articles on the topic 'Proactive quality control'

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