Academic literature on the topic 'Probabilistic self-delay'
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Journal articles on the topic "Probabilistic self-delay"
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Barker, V., L. Romaniuk, R. N. Cardinal, M. Pope, K. Nicol, and J. Hall. "Impulsivity in borderline personality disorder." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 9 (2015): 1955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714003079.
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BackgroundImpulsivity is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and is most frequently measured using self-rating scales. There is a need to find objective, valid and reliable measures of impulsivity. This study aimed to examine performance of participants with BPD compared with healthy controls on delay and probabilistic discounting tasks and the stop-signal task (SST), which are objective measures of choice and motor impulsivity, respectively.MethodA total of 20 participants with BPD and 21 healthy control participants completed delay and probabilistic discounting tasks and the SST. They also completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-rating measure of impulsivity.ResultsParticipants with BPD showed significantly greater delay discounting than controls, manifest as a greater tendency to accept the immediately available lesser reward rather than waiting longer for a greater reward. Similarly they showed significantly greater discounting of rewards by the probability of payout, which correlated with past childhood trauma. Participants with BPD were found to choose the more certain and/or immediate rewards, irrespective of the value. On the SST the BPD and control groups did not differ significantly, demonstrating no difference in motor impulsivity. There was no significant difference between groups on self-reported impulsivity as measured by the BIS.ConclusionsMeasures of impulsivity show that while motor impulsivity was not significantly different in participants with BPD compared with controls, choice or reward-related impulsivity was significantly affected in those with BPD. This suggests that choice impulsivity but not motor impulsivity is a core feature of BPD.
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Palmieri, Francesco, and Aniello Castiglione. "Condensation-Based Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." Mobile Information Systems 8, no. 3 (2012): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/149697.
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The provision of efficient broadcast containment schemes that can dynamically cope with frequent topology changes and limited shared channel bandwidth, is one of the most challenging research topics in MANETs, and is crucial to the basic operations of networks serving fully mobile devices within areas having no fixed communication infrastructure. This problem particularly impacts the design of dynamic routing protocol that can efficiently establish routes to deliver data packets among mobile nodes with minimum communication overhead, and at the same time, ensure high throughput and low end-to-end delay. Accordingly, this work exploits and analyzes an adaptive probabilistic broadcast containment technique based on a particular condensation phenomenon borrowed from Quantum Mechanics and transposed in self-organizing random networks, that has the potential to effectively drive the on-demand route discovery process. Simulation-based performance analysis has shown that the proposed technique can introduce significant benefits on the general performance of broadcast-based reactive routing protocols in MANETs.
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Rambabu, Bandi, B. Vikranth, S. Anupkanth, Banoth Samya, and Nimmala Satyanarayana. "Spread Spectrum based QoS aware Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 1 (2023): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i1.6085.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of small, resource-constrained sensor nodes that form self-organizing, infrastructure-less, and ad-hoc networks. Many energy-efficient protocols have been developed in the network layer to extend the lifetime and scalability of these networks, but they often do not consider the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the data flow, such as delay, data rate, reliability, and throughput. In clustering, the probabilistic and randomized approach for cluster head selection can lead to varying numbers of cluster heads in different rounds of data gathering. This paper presents a new algorithm called "Spread Spectrum based QoS aware Energy Efficient Clustering for Wireless sensor Networks" that uses spread spectrum to limit the formation of clusters and optimize the number of cluster heads in WSNs, improving energy efficiency and QoS for diverse data flows. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms classical algorithms in terms of energy efficiency and QoS.
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Bhargav, Ruhaan. "Classical model of two electrons interacting in a saddle-shaped electric potential, and a constant perpendicular magnetic field." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 1318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gzdbv717.
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Electron collisions are fundamental phenomena in modern physics with diverse applications ranging from collision ionization to quantum computing and high-energy plasma studies. This paper focuses on the intricate dynamics of electron collisions within a saddle-shaped electric potential and a constant magnetic field, mimicking the conditions found in beam splitters (and particle accelerators). While existing studies often employ a quantum framework to model these interactions and actually perform the experiment, we adopt a classical approach to provide a more intuitive understanding of the phenomena involved. The transition from quantum to classical representation eliminates probabilistic elements, allowing for precise and deterministic simulations. We utilized a self-programmed python script based on mathematical expressions for the situation, which are also self-derived in the paper. We have managed to replicate 2/4 results simply by altering the starting positions of the electrons and have added further functionality within the python simulations for further research and development i.e., a softening factor controlling the relative screening effect of the material of the constriction, and a time delay feature to be able to offset the starting time of one of the particles relative to the other. Our hope with this paper is for people to be able to take our results, and the model used to derive them, and use it for the purposes of further research and exploration.
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Bernhardt, Nadine, Elisabeth Obst, Stephan Nebe, et al. "Acute alcohol effects on impulsive choice in adolescents." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 3 (2019): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881118822063.
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Background: Neurodevelopmental and alcohol-induced changes in decision-making have been proposed to critically influence impulsive behaviour in adolescents. Objective: This study tested the influence of acute alcohol administration on impulsive choice in adolescents. Methods: Fifty-four males aged 18–19 years were tested in a single-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design. During alcohol administration (infusion resulting in an arterial blood alcohol concentration of 80 mg%) and placebo condition (saline infusion), participants performed a task battery providing estimates of delay discounting, probability discounting for gains, for losses and loss aversion, and also rated subjectively experienced alcohol effects. Additionally, baseline alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, blood phosphatidylethanol levels), motives (Drinking Motive Questionnaire, Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale), family history and self-report measures of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Substance Use Risk Profile Scale) were provided. Results: No overall effects of treatment on choice behaviour were found. However, individual differences were observed. In the alcohol condition, more impulsive choice tendencies for delay discounting were associated with higher subjectively experienced alcohol effects. Further, higher risk aversion for probabilistic gains and higher loss aversion during alcohol condition were related to higher levels of real-life alcohol consumption and a family history of alcohol problems, respectively. Finally, the time to make a decision was substantially shortened for choices involving negative prospects. Conclusions: Contrary to common beliefs, acute alcohol intoxication did not generally incite impulsive decision-making. It rather appears that alcohol-induced behavioural changes in adolescents vary considerably depending on prior experiences and subjective effects of alcohol.
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Arunachalam, Ajay, and Ohm Sornil. "Reducing Routing Overhead in Random Walk Protocol under MP2P Network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (2016): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.8980.
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<p><span>Due to network dynamics in self-organizing networks the resource discovery effort increases. To discover objects in unstructured peer-to-peer network, peers rely on traditional methods like flooding, random walk and probabilistic forwarding methods. With inadequate knowledge of paths, the peers have to flood the query message which creates incredible network traffic and overhead. Many of the previous works based on random walk were done in wired network. In this context random walk was better than flooding. But under MANETs random walk approach behaved differently increasing the overhead, due to frequent link failures incurred by mobility. Decentralized applications based on peer-to-peer computing are best candidates to run over such dynamic network. Issues of P2P service discovery in wired networks have been well addressed in several earlier works. This article evaluates the performance of random walk based resource discovery protocol over P2P Mobile Adhoc Network (MP2P) and suggests an improved scheme to suit MANET. Our version reduces the network overhead, lowers the battery power consumption, minimizes the query delay while providing equally good success rate. The protocol is validated through extensive NS-2 simulations. It is clear from the results that our proposed scheme is an alternative to the existing ones for such highly dynamic mobile network scenario.</span></p>
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Arunachalam, Ajay, and Ohm Sornil. "Reducing Routing Overhead in Random Walk Protocol under MP2P Network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (2016): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp3121-3130.
Full textAbstract:
<p><span>Due to network dynamics in self-organizing networks the resource discovery effort increases. To discover objects in unstructured peer-to-peer network, peers rely on traditional methods like flooding, random walk and probabilistic forwarding methods. With inadequate knowledge of paths, the peers have to flood the query message which creates incredible network traffic and overhead. Many of the previous works based on random walk were done in wired network. In this context random walk was better than flooding. But under MANETs random walk approach behaved differently increasing the overhead, due to frequent link failures incurred by mobility. Decentralized applications based on peer-to-peer computing are best candidates to run over such dynamic network. Issues of P2P service discovery in wired networks have been well addressed in several earlier works. This article evaluates the performance of random walk based resource discovery protocol over P2P Mobile Adhoc Network (MP2P) and suggests an improved scheme to suit MANET. Our version reduces the network overhead, lowers the battery power consumption, minimizes the query delay while providing equally good success rate. The protocol is validated through extensive NS-2 simulations. It is clear from the results that our proposed scheme is an alternative to the existing ones for such highly dynamic mobile network scenario.</span></p>
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M.J., Park, Kim K.H., and Kwon O.M. "Leader-following Consensus Criterion for Multi-agent Systems with Probabilistic Self-delay." December 22, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1077495.
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This paper proposes a delay-dependent leader-following consensus condition of multi-agent systems with both communication delay and probabilistic self-delay. The proposed methods employ a suitable piecewise Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the average dwell time approach. New consensus criterion for the systems are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be easily solved by various effective optimization algorithms. Numerical example showed that the proposed method is effective.
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Schluter, Magdalen G., and David C. Hodgins. "Reward-Related Decision-Making in Current and Past Disordered Gambling: Implications for Impulsive Choice and Risk Preference in the Maintenance of Gambling Disorder." Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 15 (October 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.758329.
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Impulsive reward-related decision-making (RRDM) is robustly associated with gambling disorder (GD), although its role in the development and perpetuation of GD is still being investigated. This project sought to examine the possible roles of impulsive and risky choice, two aspects of RRDM, in the perpetuation of GD. Additionally, the potential moderating role of comorbid substance misuse was considered. A total of 434 participants with symptoms of current GD and symptoms of concurrent substance use disorder (SUD; n = 105), current GD with past SUD (n = 98), past GD with current SUD (n = 53), or past GD with past substance use disorder (SUD; n = 92), and 96 healthy controls were recruited through MTurk. Participants completed a randomly adjusting delay discounting (a measure of impulsive choice) and probabilistic discounting (a measure of risky choice) task and self-report questionnaires of gambling participation, GD and SUD symptomology, and trait impulsivity. Although control participants showed significantly greater delay discounting compared to individuals with a current or history of GD, no significant group differences emerged between individuals with current GD or a history of GD. Individuals with current GD showed significantly less probabilistic discounting compared to individuals with a history of GD and control participants showed the greatest rates of probabilistic discounting. These effects remained after controlling for lifetime gambling symptom severity and trait impulsivity. Overall, these findings suggest a potential maintaining role of risky choice in gambling disorder, but do not support a maintaining role for impulsive choice.
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O'Donnell, Brian F., Patrick D. Skosnik, William P. Hetrick, and Daniel J. Fridberg. "Decision Making and Impulsivity in Young Adult Cannabis Users." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (July 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679904.
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Aims: Chronic cannabis users show impairments on laboratory measures of decision making which reflect risk factors for initiation and continued use of cannabis. However, the differential sensitivity of these tasks to cannabis use has not been established. Moreover, studies to date have often lacked assessment of psychiatric histories and use of other illicit substances, both of which may influence decision making outcomes. The current study aimed to address these limitations by (1) including multiple types of decision making tasks, (2) implementing the Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task, a measure of decision making under uncertainty, for the first time in cannabis users, (3) including young adult cannabis users with no other psychiatric disorders, and (4) conducting urinalysis to exclude users of other illicit drugs.Methods: Thirty-three current cannabis users without comorbid psychiatric disorders and 35 cannabis non-users completed behavioral measures of decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task), reward discounting (Delay Discounting Task), choice-outcome learning (the Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task) and a questionnaire assessment of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale).Results: Relative to non-users, cannabis users demonstrated greater preference for immediate vs. delayed rewards on the Delay Discounting Task, made fewer advantageous decisions on the Iowa Gambling Task, and endorsed greater impulsivity on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale scales. Cannabis users and non-users showed comparable performance on the Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task. Frequency of past-month cannabis use and total years of use did not predict decision making or impulsivity.Conclusions: Young adult cannabis users demonstrated higher discounting rates and impairments in learning cost-benefit contingencies, while reversal learning was unaffected. Self-reported impulsivity was elevated as well. None of these measures correlated with current or lifetime estimates of cannabis use, arguing against a dose-relationship. Interventions that target improvement in affected components of decision making may be helpful in reducing cannabis use and relapse.
Book chapters on the topic "Probabilistic self-delay"
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Chun, Marvin M., and Steven B. Most. "Reasoning and Problem Solving." In Cognition. Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199950638.003.0010.
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This chapter explores the cognitive and psychological mechanisms underpinning reasoning and problem-solving. Delay discounting reveals how individuals often prioritise immediate rewards over larger, delayed benefits, highlighting the role of self-control in decisions such as financial planning and addiction. The chapter examines the types of reasoning, including deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and causal reasoning, emphasising their relevance in understanding logical thought processes, drawing generalisations, and identifying cause-and-effect relationships. Bayesian reasoning provides a probabilistic framework for decision-making under uncertainty, aiding predictions and hypothesis evaluation. Problem-solving strategies involve insight, heuristics, and creativity, showcasing how novel thinking and pattern recognition address complex challenges. Finally, social reasoning incorporates theory of mind, cooperation, and trust, demonstrating their significance in group dynamics, fairness, and collective problem-solving scenarios such as the prisoner's dilemma.
Conference papers on the topic "Probabilistic self-delay"
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Wu, Zhenhua, Junjun Xu, Weijin Wang, Runcheng Li, and Qi Tang. "Study on Passive Pulse Cooling Method of Secondary Side in PWR Nuclear Power Plant." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93049.
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Abstract Currently, the supplementary strategy of PWR nuclear power unit to deal with the Station Black-Out (SBO) and Total Loss of Feed-water (TLFW) accidents mainly depends on mobile facilities and manual operation. Under the SBO together with TLFW (SBO+TLFW) beyond design basis accident, the self-sustaining time after the loss of active accident mitigation measures (safety injection / auxiliary feed-water / containment spray) of the nuclear power plant is limited, and the operation time left to the emergency team is relatively less. Especially in the case of external disasters such as super typhoon, the reachability of temporary facilities and personnel is challenged. By analyzing the available resources of the secondary side of the unit after SBO together with TLFW accident, this paper puts forward the passive pulse cooling method of the secondary side: the steam generators are divided into power SG(s) and cooling SG(s), the high-pressure steam of the power SG(s) is used as the passive power source, inject the high-temperature deaerated water stored in the deaerator into the released cooling SG(s), and the core is cooled by pulse water injection and intermittent exhaust. Through qualitative analysis of cooling mechanism, operation strategy and operation mode are given to put into services, and the simulation machine and CATHARE model are used for verification test and simulation calculation respectively. The results show that the two calculation trends are basically the same, which can delay core melting time more than 7 hours after SBO+TLFW accident. According to the probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) of a plant, the core damage frequency (CDF) is reduced by about 7%. The research results in this paper will be helpful to optimize TLFW response strategies and avoid putting into “Feed and bleed mode” too early and contribute to provide mitigation measures for delaying core melting under SBO+TLFW accident, and to gain time for putting external mitigation measures into service.