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Journal articles on the topic 'Probabilities – Computer simulations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

DOBRESCU, GIANINA, M. RUSU, and M. VASS. "COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF FRACTAL SURFACES: APPLICATION IN ADSORPTION." Fractals 01, no. 03 (September 1993): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x93000459.

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A computer program which is able to simulate adsorption on fractal surfaces was developed. The fractal surfaces are generated as Takagi surfaces. The computer program is based on a DLA-algorithm. Adsorption was simulated in different conditions: 1. equivalent active sites (homogeneous surfaces); 2. active sites with different adsorption probabilities; the probability associated with every active site is computed using a van der Waals potential. Our simulation allows us to explore the actual structure of the gas-solid interface and to study the sensitivity to energetic disorder. The fractal dim

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Smith, Peter J. "Underestimation of Rare Event Probabilities in Importance Sampling Simulations." SIMULATION 76, no. 3 (March 2001): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754970107600301.

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Peng, Xidan, and Xiangyang Li. "Performance Analysis for Analog Network Coding with Imperfect CSI in FDD Two Way Channels." Journal of Systems Science and Information 3, no. 4 (August 25, 2015): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jssi-2015-0357.

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AbstractA time-division duplex (TDD) two-way channel exploits reciprocity to estimate the forward channel gain from the reverse link. Many previous works explore outage probabilities in the TDD system, based on the reciprocity property. However, a frequency-division duplex (FDD) system has no reciprocity property. In this letter, we investigate the impact of CSI estimation error on the performance of non-orthogonal and orthogonal analog network coding protocols in an FDD two-way system, where channel gains are independent of each other. Considering imperfect CSI, the closed-form expressions of

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SCHURZ, GERHARD, and PAUL D. THORN. "REWARD VERSUS RISK IN UNCERTAIN INFERENCE: THEOREMS AND SIMULATIONS." Review of Symbolic Logic 5, no. 4 (July 4, 2012): 574–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020312000184.

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AbstractSystems oflogico-probabilistic(LP) reasoning characterize inference from conditional assertions that express high conditional probabilities. In this paper we investigate four prominent LP systems, the systemsO, P,Z, andQC. These systems differ in the number of inferences they licence (O⊂ P ⊂Z⊂QC). LP systems that license more inferences enjoy the possiblerewardof deriving more true and informative conclusions, but with this possible reward comes theriskof drawing more false or uninformative conclusions. In the first part of the paper, we present the four systems and extend each of them

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Shchur, Lev N., and Sergey S. Kosyakov. "Probability of Incipient Spanning Clusters in Critical Square Bond Percolation." International Journal of Modern Physics C 08, no. 03 (June 1997): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183197000394.

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The probability of simultaneous occurrence of at least k spanning clusters has been studied by Monte Carlo simulations on the 2D square lattice with free boundaries at the bond percolation threshold pc =1/2. It is found that the probability of k and more Incipient Spanning Clusters (ISC) have the values P(k>1) ≈ 0.00658(3) and P(k>2) ≈ 0.00000148(21) provided that the limit of these probabilities for infinite lattices exists. The probability P(k>3) of more than three ISC could be estimated to be of the order of 10-11 and is beyond the possibility to compute such a value by nowadays co

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Paschalidis, I. C., and S. Vassilaras. "Importance Sampling for the Estimation of Buffer Overflow Probabilities via Trace-Driven Simulations." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 12, no. 5 (October 2004): 907–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2004.836139.

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Ojha, Durga Prasad. "Nematogenic Behaviour of a Cyano-Compound Using Quantum Mechanics and Computer Simulations." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 56, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2001): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2001-0315.

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Abstract Using quantum mechanics and intermolecular forces, the molecular ordering of a nematogenic cya-no-compound, 5-(frans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)-pyrimidine (ECCPP), has been exam ined. The CNDO/2 method has been employed to evaluate the net atomic charge and the dipole mo ment components at each atomic centre of the molecule. The configuration energy has been computed using the modified Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation method at intervals of 1Ä in translation and 10P in rotations, and corresponding probabilities have been calculated using Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. The

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Chiou, Rong Nan, and Chia-Nian Shyi. "Adaptive Maximums of Random Variables for Network Simulations." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/383720.

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In order to enhance the precision of network simulations, the paper proposes an approach to adaptively decide the maximum of random variables that create the discrete probabilities to generate nodal traffic on simulated networks. In this paper, a statistical model is first suggested to manifest the bound of statistical errors. Then, according to the minimum probability that generates nodal traffic, a formula is proposed to decide the maximum. In the formula, a precision parameter is used to present the degree of simulative accuracy. Meanwhile, the maximum adaptively varies with the traffic dis

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Zhang, Xulong, and Xiaoxia Song. "Stability Analysis of a Dynamical Model for Malware Propagation with Generic Nonlinear Countermeasure and Infection Probabilities." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8859883.

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The dissemination of countermeasures is widely recognized as one of the most effective strategies of inhibiting malware propagation, and the study of general countermeasure and infection has an important and practical significance. On this point, a dynamical model incorporating generic nonlinear countermeasure and infection probabilities is proposed. Theoretical analysis shows that the model has a unique equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable. Accordingly, a real network based on the model assumptions is constructed, and some numerical simulations are conducted on it. Simulations

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Lerche, Ian, and Brett S. Mudford. "How Many Monte Carlo Simulations Does One Need to Do?" Energy Exploration & Exploitation 23, no. 6 (December 2005): 405–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459805776986876.

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This article derives an estimation procedure to evaluate how many Monte Carlo realizations need to be done in order to achieve prescribed accuracies in the estimated mean value and also in the cumulative probabilities of achieving values greater than, or less than, a particular value as the chosen particular value is allowed to vary. In addition, by inverting the argument and asking what the accuracies are that result for a prescribed number of Monte Carlo realizations, one can assess the computer time that would be involved should one choose to carry out the Monte Carlo realizations. These tw

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Moen, Jon, Pär K. Ingvarsson, and David WH Walton. "Estimates of structural complexity in clonal plant morphology: comparisons of grazed and ungrazed Acaena magellanica rhizomes." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 6 (October 30, 1999): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-047.

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The aim of this study is to examine the information given by various indices of rhizome morphology that describe grazed and ungrazed rhizome systems of Acaena magellanica (Rosaceae). Internode lengths, branching probabilities, and branching angles were estimated from grazed and ungrazed rhizomes in the field. These parameter values were then used in computer simulations of rhizome growth, and the structural complexity of the simulated rhizomes were described using size, topology, and fractal dimensions. Grazed rhizomes had shorter internodes, higher probabilities of branching, and more open br

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El-Taha, M., and D. E. Clark. "Generation of Correlated Logistic-Normal Random Variates for Medical Decision Trees." Methods of Information in Medicine 37, no. 03 (July 1998): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634534.

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AbstractA Logistic-Normal random variable (Y) is obtained from a Normal random variable (X) by the relation Y = (ex)/(1 + ex). In Monte-Carlo analysis of decision trees, Logistic-Normal random variates may be used to model the branching probabilities. In some cases, the probabilities to be modeled may not be independent, and a method for generating correlated Logistic-Normal random variates would be useful. A technique for generating correlated Normal random variates has been previously described. Using Taylor Series approximations and the algebraic definitions of variance and covariance, we d

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Van den Nest, Maarten. "Simulating quantum computers with probabilistic methods." Quantum Information and Computation 11, no. 9&10 (September 2011): 784–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic11.9-10-5.

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We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational power. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical simulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these techniques we generate new classes of classically simulatable quantum circuits where standard techniques relying on the exact computation of measurement probabilities fail to provide efficient simulations. For example, we show how various concatenations of matchgate, Toffoli, Clifford, bounded-depth, Fourier transform and other circuits are classically simulatable. We also prove th

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Hennecke, Michael. "Markov Chain Analysis of Single Spin Flip Ising Simulations." International Journal of Modern Physics C 08, no. 02 (April 1997): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183197000199.

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The Markov processes defined by random and loop-based schemes for single spin flip attempts in Monte Carlo simulations of the 2D Ising model are investigated, by explicitly constructing their transition matrices. Their analysis reveals that loops over all lattice sites using a Metropolis-type single spin flip probability often do not define ergodic Markov chains, and have distorted dynamical properties even if they are ergodic. The transition matrices also enable a comparison of the dynamics of random versus loop spin selection and Glauber versus Metropolis probabilities.

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Ha, Il-Kyu, and You-Ze Cho. "Analysis of factors affecting the speed of probabilistic target search using unmanned aerial vehicles." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 9 (September 2019): 155014771987761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719877610.

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When searching for targets using unmanned aerial vehicles, speed is important for many applications such as the discovery of patients in a medical emergency. The speed of operation of actual unmanned aerial vehicles is strongly related to the performance of the camera sensor used for target recognition, search altitude, and the search algorithm employed by the unmanned aerial vehicle. In this study, the major factors affecting the speed of a probabilistic unmanned aerial vehicle target search are analyzed. In particular, simulations are performed to analyze the influence of the search altitude

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Cherry, Joshua L. "Selection in a Subdivided Population With Local Extinction and Recolonization." Genetics 164, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.2.789.

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Abstract In a subdivided population, local extinction and subsequent recolonization affect the fate of alleles. Of particular interest is the interaction of this force with natural selection. The effect of selection can be weakened by this additional source of stochastic change in allele frequency. The behavior of a selected allele in such a population is shown to be equivalent to that of an allele with a different selection coefficient in an unstructured population with a different size. This equivalence allows use of established results for panmictic populations to predict such quantities as

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YAŞAR, F., and K. DEMIR. "STUDY OF TWO BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN VACUUM AND SOLVENT BY MOLECULAR MODELING." International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, no. 06 (June 2006): 825–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183106009382.

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The thermodynamic and structural properties of Tyrosine-Glycine-Leusine-Phenylalanine (YGLF, in a one letter code) and Lysine-Valine-Leusine-Proline-Valine-Proline-Glutamine (KVLPVPQ) peptide sequences were studied by three-dimensional molecular modeling in vacuum and solution. All the three-dimensional conformations of each peptide sequences were obtained by multicanonical simulations with using ECEPP/2 force field and each simulation started from completely random initial conformation. Solvation contributions are included by a term that is proportional to solvent-accessible surface areas of

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Yagawa, G., S. Yoshimura, N. Handa, T. Uno, K. Watashi, T. Fujioka, H. Ueda, M. Uno, K. Hojo, and S. Ueda. "Study on Life Extension of Aged RPV Material Based on Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics: Japanese Round Robin." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842095.

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This paper is concerned with round-robin analyses of probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) problems of aged RPV material. Analyzed here is a plate with a semi-elliptical surface crack subjected to various cyclic tensile and bending stresses. A depth and an aspect ratio of the surface crack are assumed to be probabilistic variables. Failure probabilities are calculated using the Monte Carlo methods with the importance sampling or the stratified sampling techniques. Material properties are chosen from the Marshall report, the ASME Code Section XI, and the experiments on a Japanese RPV material

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Simiu, Emil, and Marek Franaszek. "Melnikov-Based Open-Loop Control of Escape for a Class of Nonlinear Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801302.

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The performance of certain nonlinear stochastic systems is deemed acceptable if during a specified time interval, the systems have sufficiently low probabilities of escape from a preferred region of phase space. We propose an open-loop control method for reducing these probabilities. The method is applicable to stochastic systems whose dissipation- and excitation-free counterparts have homoclinic or heteroclinic orbits. The Melnikov relative scale factors are system properties containing information on the frequencies of the random forcing spectral components that are most effective in inducin

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Li, R., M. Hoover, and F. Gaitan. "High-fidelity single-qubit gates using non-adiabatic rapid passage." Quantum Information and Computation 7, no. 7 (September 2007): 594–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic7.7-3.

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Numerical simulation results are presented which suggest that a class of non-adiabatic rapid passage sweeps first realized experimentally in 1991 should be capable of implementing a set of quantum gates that is universal for one-qubit unitary operations and whose elements operate with error probabilities $P_{e}<10^{-4}$. The sweeps are non-composite and generate controllable quantum interference effects which allow the one-qubit gates produced to operate non-adiabatically while maintaining high accuracy. The simulations suggest that the one-qubit gates produced by these sweeps show promise

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Fukś, Henryk, and Yucen Jin. "Approximating dynamics of a number-conserving cellular automaton by a finite-dimensional dynamical system." International Journal of Modern Physics C 31, no. 12 (October 15, 2020): 2050172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183120501727.

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The local structure theory for cellular automata (CA) can be viewed as an finite-dimensional approximation of infinitely dimensional system. While it is well known that this approximation works surprisingly well for some CA, it is still not clear why it is the case, and which CA rules have this property. In order to shed some light on this problem, we present an example of a four input CA for which probabilities of occurrence of short blocks of symbols can be computed exactly. This rule is number conserving and possesses a blocking word. Its local structure approximation correctly predicts ste

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ARKIN, HANDAN, FATİH YAŞAR, TARIK ÇELİK, SÜEDA ÇELİK, and HAMİT KÖKSEL. "MOLECULAR MODELING OF TWO HEXAPEPTIDE REPEAT MOTIFS OF HMW GLUTENIN SUBUNITS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 12, no. 02 (February 2001): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183101001675.

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The three-dimensional structures of two hexapeptide repeat motifs (PGQGQQ and SGQGQQ, in one letter code) in the repetitive central domain of HMW glutenin subunits are investigated by using the multicanonical simulation procedure. Ramachandran plots were prepared and analyzed to predict the relative occurrence probabilities of β-turn and γ-turn structures and helical state. Structural predictions of PGQGQQ repeat motif indicated the presence of high level of β-turns and considerable level of γ-turns. Simulations of the repeat motifs in the repetitive central domain of HMW glutenin subunits ind

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Nowacki, Amy S., Wenle Zhao, and Yuko Y. Palesch. "A surrogate-primary replacement algorithm for response-adaptive randomization in stroke clinical trials." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, no. 3 (January 12, 2015): 1078–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280214567142.

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Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) offers clinical investigators benefit by modifying the treatment allocation probabilities to optimize the ethical, operational, or statistical performance of the trial. Delayed primary outcomes and their effect on RAR have been studied in the literature; however, the incorporation of surrogate outcomes has not been fully addressed. We explore the benefits and limitations of surrogate outcome utilization in RAR in the context of acute stroke clinical trials. We propose a novel surrogate-primary (S-P) replacement algorithm where a patient’s surrogate outcome

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Allison, Jane R. "Computational methods for exploring protein conformations." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 4 (August 5, 2020): 1707–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200193.

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Proteins are dynamic molecules that can transition between a potentially wide range of structures comprising their conformational ensemble. The nature of these conformations and their relative probabilities are described by a high-dimensional free energy landscape. While computer simulation techniques such as molecular dynamics simulations allow characterisation of the metastable conformational states and the transitions between them, and thus free energy landscapes, to be characterised, the barriers between states can be high, precluding efficient sampling without substantial computational re

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SEIGNEURIC, R. G., J.-L. CHASSÉ, P. M. AUGER, and A. L. BARDOU. "ROLE OF CELLULAR COUPLING AND DISPERSION OF REFRACTORINESS IN CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS: A SIMULATION STUDY." Journal of Biological Systems 07, no. 04 (December 1999): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339099000309.

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Computer simulation is applied to study the role of cellular coupling, dispersion of refractoriness as well as both of them, in the mechanisms underlying cardiac arrhythmias. We first assumed that local ischemia mainly induces cell to cell dispersion in the coupling resistance (case 1), refractory period (case 2) or both (case 3). Numerical experiments, based on the van Capelle and Durrer model, showed that vortices could not be induced in these conditions. In order to be more realistic about coronary circulation we simulated a patchy dispersion of cellular properties, each patch corresponding

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MHIRECH, ABDELAZIZ, and ASSIA ALAOUI ISMAILI. "VEHICULAR TRAFFIC FLOW CONTROLLED BY TRAFFIC LIGHT ON A STREET WITH OPEN BOUNDARIES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 24, no. 08 (July 3, 2013): 1350050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183113500502.

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The Nagel–Schreckenberg (NS) cellular automata (CA) model for describing the vehicular traffic flow in a street with open boundaries is studied. To control the traffic flow, a traffic signalization light operating for a fixed-time scheme is placed in the middle of the street. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to calculate various model characteristics. Essentially, we investigate the formation of the cars queue behind traffic light dependence on the duration of green light Tg, injecting and extracting probabilities α and β, respectively. Two phases of average training queues we

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Ilic, Radovan, Darko Lalic, and Srboljub Stankovic. "Srna - Monte Carlo codes for proton transport simulation in combined and voxelized geometries." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 17, no. 1-2 (2002): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0202027i.

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This paper describes new Monte Carlo codes for proton transport simulations in complex geometrical forms and in materials of different composition. The SRNA codes were developed for three dimensional (3D) dose distribution calculation in proton therapy and dosimetry. The model of these codes is based on the theory of proton multiple scattering and a simple model of compound nucleus decay. The developed package consists of two codes: SRNA-2KG and SRNA-VOX. The first code simulates proton transport in combined geometry that can be described by planes and second order surfaces. The second one use

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Balderama, Orlando F. "Development of a decision support system for small reservoir irrigation systems in rainfed and drought prone areas." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.193.

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An integrated computer program called Cropping System and Water Management Model (CSWM) with a three-step feature (expert system—simulation—optimization) was developed to address a range of decision support for rainfed farming, i.e. crop selection, scheduling and optimisation. The system was used for agricultural planning with emphasis on sustainable agriculture in the rainfed areas through the use of small farm reservoirs for increased production and resource conservation and management. The application of the model was carried out using crop, soil, and climate and water resource data from th

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Fagiolini, Andrea, Alice Matone, Claudio Gaz, Simona Panunzi, and Andrea De Gaetano. "Pharmacoeconomic comparison of ziprasidone with other atypical oral antipsychotic agents in schizophrenia." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 12, no. 1 (November 21, 2011): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v12i1.96.

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Objective: to comparatively investigate – by means of computer simulations – the economic cost and clinical outcomes of five atypical oral antipsychotic agents (ziprasidone, olanzapina, risperidone, paliperidone and aripiprazolo).Methods: a cyclical stochastic model representing patient evolution, taking into account main adverse reactions (akathisia, weight gain and extra-pyramidal ARs), drug efficacy on psychosis stabilization and probability of relapse, was developed. Ten different scenarios were compared, each starting with one of the considered antipsychotics, prescribed either at home or

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DIAMOND, P., and I. VLADIMIROV. "BRANCHING PROCESSES AND COMPUTATIONAL COLLAPSE OF DISCRETIZED UNIMODAL MAPPINGS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 12, no. 12 (December 2002): 2847–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127402006229.

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In computer simulations of smooth dynamical systems, the original phase space is replaced by machine arithmetic, which is a finite set. The resulting spatially discretized dynamical systems do not inherit all functional properties of the original systems, such as surjectivity and existence of absolutely continuous invariant measures. This can lead to computational collapse to fixed points or short cycles. The paper studies loss of such properties in spatial discretizations of dynamical systems induced by unimodal mappings of the unit interval. The problem reduces to studying set-valued negativ

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Kalinowski, Steven T. "A Graphical Method for Displaying the Model Fit of Item Response Theory Trace Lines." Educational and Psychological Measurement 79, no. 6 (May 16, 2019): 1064–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164419846234.

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Item response theory (IRT) is a statistical paradigm for developing educational tests and assessing students. IRT, however, currently lacks an established graphical method for examining model fit for the three-parameter logistic model, the most flexible and popular IRT model in educational testing. A method is presented here to do this. The graph, which is referred to herein as a “bin plot,” is the IRT equivalent of a scatterplot for linear regression. Bin plots display a conventional IRT trace line (with ability on the horizontal axis and probability correct on the vertical axis). Students ar

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Möller, Peter. "Essentials of the macroscopic-microscopic folded-Yukawa approach and examples of its record in providing nuclear-structure data for simulations." EPJ Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818401013.

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The macroscopic-microscopic model based on the folded-Yukawa singleparticle potential and a “finite-range” macroscopic model is probably the approach that has provided the most reliable predictions of a large number of nuclear-structure properties for all nuclei between the proton and neutron drip lines. I will describe some basic features of the model and the development philosophy that may be the reason for its success. Examples of quantities modeled within the same model framework are, nuclear masses, ground-state level structure, including spins, ground-state shapes, fission barriers, heav

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Salathé, Marcel, and Sebastian Bonhoeffer. "The effect of opinion clustering on disease outbreaks." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 5, no. 29 (August 19, 2008): 1505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0271.

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Many high-income countries currently experience large outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles despite the availability of highly effective vaccines. This phenomenon lacks an explanation in countries where vaccination rates are rising on an already high level. Here, we build on the growing evidence that belief systems, rather than access to vaccines, are the primary barrier to vaccination in high-income countries, and show how a simple opinion formation process can lead to clusters of unvaccinated individuals, leading to a dramatic increase in disease outbreak probability. In

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WANG, JIAN-WEI, and LI-LI RONG. "CASCADING FAILURES IN BARABÁSI–ALBERT SCALE-FREE NETWORKS WITH A BREAKDOWN PROBABILITY." International Journal of Modern Physics C 20, no. 04 (April 2009): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183109013819.

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In this paper, adopting the initial load of a node j to be [Formula: see text], where kj is the degree of the node j and α is a tunable parameter that controls the strength of the initial load of a node, we propose a cascading model with a breakdown probability and explore cascading failures on a typical network, i.e., the Barabási–Albert (BA) network with scale-free property. Assume that a failed node leads only to a redistribution of the load passing through it to its neighboring nodes. According to the simulation results, we find that BA networks reach the strongest robustness level against

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Yang, Dan, Liming Pan, Zhidan Zhao, and Tao Zhou. "Identifying the Influential Latent Edges for Promoting the Co-SIR Model." Complexity 2021 (March 24, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6614545.

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The network-based cooperative information spreading is a widely existing phenomenon in the real world. For instance, the spreading of disease outbreak news and disease prevention information often coexist and interact with each other on the Internet. Promoting the cooperative spreading of information in network-based systems is a subject of great importance in both theoretical and practical perspectives. However, very limited attention has been paid to this specific research area so far. In this study, we propose an effective approach for identifying the influential latent edges (that is, the

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Kim, Hyun Woo, and Daewoong Kwon. "Analysis on Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor with Asymmetric Spacer." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093054.

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Tunnel field-effect transistor (Tunnel FET) with asymmetric spacer is proposed to obtain high on-current and reduced inverter delay simultaneously. In order to analyze the proposed Tunnel FET, electrical characteristics are evaluated by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations with calibrated tunneling model parameters. The impact of the spacer κ values on tunneling rate is investigated with the symmetric spacer. As the κ values of the spacer increase, the on-current becomes enhanced since tunneling probabilities are increased by the fringing field through the spacer. However, on th

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German, Paul W., and Howard L. Fields. "How Prior Reward Experience Biases Exploratory Movements: A Probabilistic Model." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 3 (March 2007): 2083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00303.2006.

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Animals return to rewarded locations. An example of this is conditioned place preference (CPP), which is widely used in studies of drug reward. Although CPP is expressed as increased time spent in a previously rewarded location, the behavioral strategy underlying this change is unknown. We continuously monitored rats ( n = 22) in a three-room in-line configuration, before and after morphine conditioning in one end room. Although sequential room visit durations were variable, their probability distribution was exponential, indicating that the processes controlling visit durations can be modeled

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Watanabe, K., and S. G. Tzafestas. "Stochastic Control for Systems With Faulty Sensors." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2894131.

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The problem of control of linear discrete-time stochastic systems with faulty sensors is considered. The anomaly sensors are assumed to be modeled by a finite-state Markov chain whose transition probabilities are completely known. A passive type multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) law is developed by applying a new generalized pseudo-Bayes algorithm (GPBA), which is based on an n-step measurement update method. The present and other existing algorithms are compared through some Monte Carlo simulations. It is then shown that, for a case of only measurement noise uncertainty (i.e., a case whe

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Rao, G. Srinivasa, Sauda Mbwambo, and P. K. Josephat. "Estimation of Stress–Strength Reliability from Exponentiated Inverse Rayleigh Distribution." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 26, no. 01 (February 2019): 1950005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539319500050.

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This paper considers the estimation of stress–strength reliability when two independent exponential inverse Rayleigh distributions with different shape parameters and common scale parameter. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the reliability, its asymptotic distribution and asymptotic confidence intervals are constructed. Comparisons of the performance of the estimators are carried out using Monte Carlo simulations, the mean squared error (MSE), bias, average length and coverage probabilities. Finally, a demonstration is delivered on how the proposed reliability model may be applied in

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Ho-Van, Khuong, and Thiem Do-Dac. "Relay Selection for Security Improvement in Cognitive Radio Networks with Energy Harvesting." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 19, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9921782.

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This paper selects an unlicensed relay among available self-powered relays to not only remain but also secure information transmission from an unlicensed source to an unlicensed destination. The relays harvest energy in signals of the unlicensed source and the licensed transmitter. Then, they spend the harvested energy for their relaying operation. Conditioned on the licensed outage restriction, the peak transmission power restriction, Rayleigh fading, and the licensed interference, the current paper proposes an exact closed-form formula of the secrecy outage probability to quickly evaluate th

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Fan, Chongjun, Yang Jin, Liang-An Huo, Chen Liu, and Yunpeng Yang. "Epidemic spreading of interacting diseases with activity of nodes reshapes the critical threshold." International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, no. 01 (January 2017): 1750013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117500139.

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In this paper, based on susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS) scheme, we introduce a framework that allows us to describe the spreading dynamics of two interacting diseases with active nodes. Different from previous studies, the two different diseases, propagating concurrently on the same population, can interact with each other by modifying their transmission rates. Meanwhile, according to certain probabilities, each node on the complex networks rotates between active state and inactive state. Based on heterogeneous mean-field approach, we analyze the epidemic thresholds of the two diseases

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Lin, Chun-Li, and Che An Pai. "NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF FAILURE RISK OF CAD/CAM CERAMIC RESTORATION FOR AN ENDODONTICALLY TREATED MAXILLARY PREMOLAR WITH MO PREPARATION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 22, no. 04 (August 2010): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237210002043.

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This study evaluates the risk of failure for an endodontically treated premolar with mesio-occlosal (MO) preparation and four different computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic restoration configurations. Four three-dimensional finite element (FE) models designed with CAD/CAM ceramic inlay, endoinlay, endocrown, and classical crown restorations were constructed to perform simulations. The Weibull function was incorporated with an FE analysis to calculate the long-term failure probability relative to different load conditions. The results indicated that the stress values on the ena

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Leibold, Christian, and Michael H. K. Bendels. "Learning to Discriminate Through Long-Term Changes of Dynamical Synaptic Transmission." Neural Computation 21, no. 12 (December 2009): 3408–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2009.12-08-929.

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Short-term synaptic plasticity is modulated by long-term synaptic changes. There is, however, no general agreement on the computational role of this interaction. Here, we derive a learning rule for the release probability and the maximal synaptic conductance in a circuit model with combined recurrent and feedforward connections that allows learning to discriminate among natural inputs. Short-term synaptic plasticity thereby provides a nonlinear expansion of the input space of a linear classifier, whereas the random recurrent network serves to decorrelate the expanded input space. Computer simu

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Huynh, Tan-Phuoc, Pham Ngoc Son, and Miroslav Voznak. "Secrecy Performance of Underlay Cooperative Cognitive Network Using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Opportunistic Relay Selection." Symmetry 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030385.

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In this paper, an underlay cooperative cognitive network using a non-orthogonal multiple access (UCCN-NOMA) system is investigated, in which the intermediate multiple relays help to decode and forward two signals x 1 and x 2 from a source node to two users D1 and D2, respectively, under wiretapping of an eavesdropper (E). We study the best relay selection strategies by three types of relay selection criteria: the first and second best relay selection is based on the maximum channel gain of the links R i -D 1 , R i -D2, respectively; the third one is to ensure a minimum value of the channel gai

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HERINGA, J. R., H. W. J. BLÖTE, and A. HOOGLAND. "CRITICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D ISING SYSTEMS WITH NON-HAMILTONIAN DYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 05, no. 03 (June 1994): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183194000763.

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We investigate two three-dimensional Ising models with non-Hamiltonian Glauber dynamics. The transition probabilities of these models can, just as in the case of equilibrium models, be expressed in terms of Boltzmann factors depending only on the interacting spins and the bond strengths. However, the bond strength associated with each lattice edge assumes different values for the two spins involved. The first model has cubic symmetry and consists of two sublattices at different temperatures. In the second model a preferred direction is present. These two models are investigated by Monte Carlo

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Thall, Peter F., Richard C. Herrick, Hoang Q. Nguyen, John J. Venier, and J. Clift Norris. "Effective sample size for computing prior hyperparameters in Bayesian phase I–II dose-finding." Clinical Trials 11, no. 6 (September 1, 2014): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774514547397.

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Background: The efficacy–toxicity trade-off based design is a practical Bayesian phase I–II dose-finding methodology. Because the design’s performance is very sensitive to prior hyperparameters and the shape of the target trade-off contour, specifying these two design elements properly is essential. Purpose: The goals are to provide a method that uses elicited mean outcome probabilities to derive a prior that is neither overly informative nor overly disperse, and practical guidelines for specifying the target trade-off contour. Methods: A general algorithm is presented that determines prior hy

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Squires, John R., Kevin S. McKelvey, and Leonard F. Ruggiero. "A Snow-tracking Protocol Used to Delineate Local Lynx, Lynx canadensis, Distributions." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i4.60.

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Determining Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) distribution is an important management need, especially at the southern extent of the species range where it is listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. We describe a systematic snowtrack based sampling framework that provides reliable distribution data for Canada Lynx. We used computer simulations to evaluate protocol efficacy. Based on these simulations, the probability of detecting lynx tracks during a single visit (8 km transect) to a survey unit ranged from approximately 0.23 for surveys conducted only one day after snowfall,

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Rykova, Tatiana, Barış Göktepe, Thomas Schierl, Konstantin Samouylov, and Cornelius Hellge. "Analytical Model and Feedback Predictor Optimization for Combined Early-HARQ and HARQ." Mathematics 9, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9172104.

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In order to fulfill the stringent Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) requirements towards Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks, early-Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (e-HARQ) schemes have been introduced, aimed at providing faster feedback and thus earlier retransmission. The performance of e-HARQ prediction strongly depends on the classification mechanism, data length, threshold value. In this paper, we propose an analytical model that incorporates e-HARQ and Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) functionalities in terms of two phases in discrete time. The model implies a fast

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Li, Xiaoou, and Jingchen Liu. "Rare-event simulation and efficient discretization for the supremum of Gaussian random fields." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 03 (September 2015): 787–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800048837.

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In this paper we consider a classic problem concerning the high excursion probabilities of a Gaussian random fieldfliving on a compact setT. We develop efficient computational methods for the tail probabilitiesℙ{supTf(t) &gt;b}. For each positive ε, we present Monte Carlo algorithms that run inconstanttime and compute the probabilities with relative error ε for arbitrarily largeb. The efficiency results are applicable to a large class of Hölder continuous Gaussian random fields. Besides computations, the change of measure and its analysis techniques have several theoretical and practical i

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Li, Xiaoou, and Jingchen Liu. "Rare-event simulation and efficient discretization for the supremum of Gaussian random fields." Advances in Applied Probability 47, no. 3 (September 2015): 787–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1444308882.

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In this paper we consider a classic problem concerning the high excursion probabilities of a Gaussian random fieldfliving on a compact setT. We develop efficient computational methods for the tail probabilitiesℙ{supTf(t) >b}. For each positive ε, we present Monte Carlo algorithms that run inconstanttime and compute the probabilities with relative error ε for arbitrarily largeb. The efficiency results are applicable to a large class of Hölder continuous Gaussian random fields. Besides computations, the change of measure and its analysis techniques have several theoretical and practical indic

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