Academic literature on the topic 'Probability of manipulation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Probability of manipulation"

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Sussman, Steve, Clyde W. Dent, Brian R. Flay, et al. "Media Manipulation of Adolescents' Personal Level Judgments regarding Consequences of Smokeless Tobacco Use." Journal of Drug Education 19, no. 1 (1989): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/51yx-l5hd-y78b-5e5d.

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Videotapes were developed to try to impact on personal level judgments of concern and risk in the context of smokeless tobacco use, a growing substance use problem in adolescents. In a within-and-between-subjects design, convincingness (i.e., dramatic portrayal) of the videotaped message (high and low) and perceived probability of consequences portrayed in the message (high and low) were manipulated. Both manipulations were done by varying presentation style of the same, accurate information. The manipulation of convincingness did not alter the impact of the message on most judgments, whereas
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Khan, Ajaan Rahman, and Mohsina Akter. "An Analysis of Earnings Management: Evidence from Food & Allied Industry of Bangladesh." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 7, no. 2 (2017): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v7i2.12205.

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The objective of the study is to examine the existence of earnings management within listed companies in the food and allied industry of Bangladesh. The renowned Beneish Model has been used to test whether the firms are involved in any sort of earnings manipulation or not. In addition, the tendency of the companies to continuous practice of earnings manipulation has been examined. The study covers a span of 5 years from 2011 to 2015 where the financial figures are tested on the model to find the probability of the companies being a manipulator of earnings. According to Beneish model, companies
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Zajac, Mateusz, Tomislav Rožić, and Dora Naletina. "Determining the Probability of Unproductive Manipulations in Inland Intermodal Terminal Operations." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 35, no. 3 (2023): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v35i3.72.

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The paper concerns the method of determining the probability of unproductive manipulations during operations, maintenance or repairs on an inland intermodal terminal. The method is mathematically based on the semi-Markov process. The developed method enables revision of unproductive manipulation frequency and duration. It provides an opportunity to analyse and change inland terminal operations so as to increase productivity.
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Mućko, Przemysław, and Adam Adamczyk. "Does the bankrupt cheat? Impact of accounting manipulations on the effectiveness of a bankruptcy prediction." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (2023): e0280384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280384.

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The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the unreliability of the Altman bankruptcy prediction model may be caused by manipulations in financial statements. Our study was carried out on a group of 369 bankrupt Polish companies, with the research period covering the years 2011–2020. In the study, we divided the companies into two groups: those correctly classified by Altman’s model as at risk of bankruptcy, and companies for which the model did not indicate a significant bankruptcy risk. Using a logit model, we tested whether the probability of companies being correctly classif
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Cockett, J. Robin B., Jalel Zrida, and J. Douglas Birdwell. "Stochastic Decision Theory." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 3, no. 1 (1989): 13–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800000966.

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The manipulations and basic results of stochastic decision theory are introduced. The manipulations of idempotence, transposition, and repetition, introduced for deterministic decision trees, can be used to manipulate stochastic trees. However, there are two major differences. First, in order to obtain a complete set of manipulations it is necessary to introduce an additional rule called indifference. Second, these identities must be treated as rules of inference. Not all the rules can be soundly applied in both directions; in particular, idempotence is a one-way rule.A manipulation of a stoch
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Francesco, Paolone, and MAGAZZINO COSIMO. "Earnings Manipulation among the Main Industrial Sectors. Evidence from Italy." Economia Aziendale Online 5, no. 4 (2021): 253–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683410.

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This paper examines the risk of earnings manipulation among the Stock Italian Companies (“Società per Azioni”) in the main industrial sectors. The companies have been selected from the leading industrial sectors (textile, food, clothing, automotive and metallurgic) which have been generating relevant revenue streams over the past decades. These industry sectors have considered the ones who have driven the Italian Economy. By collecting financial data from AIDA database, we test the existence of Earnings Manipulation within Stock Italian Companies using the Beneish Model (Man
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Brooms, A. C. "Data Manipulation with R." Journal of Applied Statistics 37, no. 12 (2010): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760903075531.

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Ju, Dianming, Ying Zhang, Rui Li, Shuang Liu, Longhai Li, and Haitao Chen. "Mechanism-Independent Manipulation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Atomic Force Microscopy Tip." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (2020): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081494.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanomanipulation can align the orientation and position of individual carbon nanotubes accurately. However, the flexible deformation during the tip manipulation modifies the original shape of these nanotubes, which could affect its electrical properties and reduce the accuracy of AFM nanomanipulation. Thus, we developed a protocol for searching the synergistic parameter combinations to push single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to maintain their original shape after manipulation as far as possible, without requiring the sample physical properties and the tip
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Dee, Thomas S., Will Dobbie, Brian A. Jacob, and Jonah Rockoff. "The Causes and Consequences of Test Score Manipulation: Evidence from the New York Regents Examinations." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 11, no. 3 (2019): 382–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170520.

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We show that the design and decentralized scoring of New York’s high school exit exams—the Regents Examinations—led to systematic manipulation of test scores just below important proficiency cutoffs. Exploiting a series of reforms that eliminated score manipulation, we find heterogeneous effects of test score manipulation on academic outcomes. While inflating a score increases the probability of a student graduating from high school by about 17 percentage points, the probability of taking advanced coursework declines by roughly 10 percentage points. We argue that these results are consistent w
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Jiang, Xiaolei. "Conditional Probability in Machine Learning." Journal of Education and Educational Research 4, no. 2 (2023): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v4i2.10647.

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To help teaching of machine learning course, manipulation rules and application examples of conditional probabilities in machine learning are presented. The emphasis is to make a clear distinction between reasonable assumptions and logical deductions developed from assumptions and axioms. The formula for conditional probability of conditional probability is presented with examples in Bayesian coin tossing, Bayesian linear regression, and Gaussian processes for regression and classification. The signal + noise model is formulated in terms of a proposition and exemplified by linear-Gaussian mode
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Probability of manipulation"

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Dadkhah, Shahriyar. "SHAMAT: A Matrix Manipulation Program." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6371.

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This report is both a users guide and a programmers manual for running and modifying the program SHAMAT, an interactive matrix calculator. The program is written in Turbo Pascal version 3.0 for MS-DOS computers. This software enables the user to type in matrix equations for solving statistical problems such as multiple regression, analysis of variance, etc. All matrix operations necessary for linear models analysis are included in this program. Since each operation uses a separate subroutine, program enhancement, modification and updating is demonstrated to be easy.
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Husain, Syed Farzad. "Evaluation of Methods for 3D Environment Reconstruction with Respect to Navigation and Manipulation Tasks for Mobile Robots." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5142.

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The field of 3-D-environment reconstruction has been subject to various research activities in recent years. The applications for mobile robots are manifold. First, for navigation tasks (especially SLAM), the perception of 3-D-obstacles has many advantages over navigation in 2-D-maps, as it is commonly done. Objects that are located hanging above the ground can be recognized and furthermore, the robots gain a lot more information about its operation area what makes localization easier. Second, in the field of tele-operation of robots, a visualization of the environment in three dimensions help
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Himri, Khadidja. "Automated 3D object recognition in underwater scenarios for manipulation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673811.

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In recent decades, the rapid development of intelligent vehicle and 3D scanning tecnologies has led to a growing interest in applications based on 3D point data processing, with many applications such as augmented reality or robot manipulation and obstacle avoidance, scene understanding, robot navigation, tracking and assistive technology among others, requiring an accurate solution for the 3D pose of the recognized objects. Thus object recognition is becoming an important topic in computer vision, where machine vision and robotics techniques are becoming key players. In this thesis work
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Serais, Jérôme. "Etude de la manipulation de quelques procédures de décision collective." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN0604.

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Depuis le théorème de Gibbard et Satterthwaite (1973-75) (respectivement le théorème de Dutta, Jackson and Le Breton (2001)), on sait qu'il n'est pas possible de rejeter une règle de vote à cause de sa sensibilité à la manipulation de la part des votants (respectivement des candidats). Suivant la démarche probabiliste de Lepelley et Mbih (1994), nous étudions la fréquence de manipulation de la part des votants ou des candidats pour diverses règles de vote (pluralité, antipluralité, Borda et leurs versions iterative, et la méthode de Copeland). Nous utilisons la méthode d'énumération totale de
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McKinnon, Melissa Taylor. "Probability and Statistics for Third through Fifth Grade Classrooms." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2118.

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This document contains a variety of lesson plans that can be readily used by a teacher of intermediate students. This thesis contains two units in Probability and one unit in Statistics. Any educator can supplement this document with any curriculum to teach lessons from vocabulary to concept.
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Saut, Jean-Philippe. "Planification de Mouvement Pour la Manipulation Dextre d'Objets Rigides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715477.

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Cette thèse concerne la planification des tâches de manipulation effectuées par une main robotisée. Il s'agit de mettre au point un système de calcul automatique des trajectoires que doivent suivre les doigts et l'objet manipulé, pour passer d'une configuration initiale à une configuration finale données. La méthode proposée dans cette thèse s'appuie sur une formulation originale du problème de planification, basée sur l'étude de la connexité des espaces des configurations de prise. Ces espaces sont explorés par l'intermédiaire de graphes probabilistes. En particulier, un graphe est construit
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CASNER, ALEXIS. "Déformations, manipulations et instabilités d'interfaces liquides induites par la pression de radiation d'une onde laser." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001637.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'étude expérimentale des effets de la pression de radiation d'une onde laser continue sur une interface liquide. Les propriétés particulières du ménisque séparant deux phases liquides en coexistence au voisinage de leur point critique de démixtion nous ont permis de visualiser directement des déformations stationnaires d'interface de taille micrométrique. Au stade linéaire, i.e pour des intensités laser modérées, une loi d'échelle exprimant la hauteur des déformations a été validée, ceci pour les deux sens de propagation du faisceau relativement à l'interface. Pour d
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Gravot, Fabien. "ASyMov : fondation d'un planificateur robotique intégrant le symbolique et le géométrique." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30018.

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Eyraud-Loisel, Anne. "EDSR et EDSPR avec grossissement de filtration, problèmes d'asymétrie d'information et de couverture sur les marchés financiers." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450944.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'existence et l'unicité de solution d'équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades avec grossissement de filtration. La motivation de ce problème mathématique provient de la résolution d'un problème financier de couverture par un agent possédant une information supplémentaire inconnue sur le marché. Dans une première partie, nous résolvons ce problème, successivement dans un cadre continu puis avec sauts, et montrons que sous l'hypothèse (H3) du grossissement de filtration, grâce à un théorème de représentation des martingales, l'EDSR dans l'espa
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Chiu, Yi-Fu, and 邱奕夫. "Probability-Based Pose Planning for Mobile Manipulation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20680976530143666945.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電控工程研究所<br>102<br>In this thesis, a system is designed and experimented for efficient mobile manipulation of a dual-arm robot. Because of limited workspace of the robot arm, robot grasping may fail if the target object is outside the workspace. At the same time, navigation errors also affect the grasping as the robot needs to move toward the target object. In this thesis, we construct a graspability map to describe the possibility of successful grasping inside workspace of the robot arm and we also construct a reachability map to describe the feasibility the robot can navigate
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Books on the topic "Probability of manipulation"

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Borzyh, Stanislav. Alternatives. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1487716.

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The monograph is devoted to what the world could be in its alternative manifestations. The five central chapters consistently consider the Universe, life, culture, mind and civilization that are different, but not opposite to ours: the first examines the question of the probability of the presence of such phenomena, and the last describes the expected future that awaits them and all of us. A special approach is used, which does not consist in manipulating known elements and their settings, but in postulating, if possible, completely different components of being and the principles of their act
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Blower, Dr David J. Information Processing: Boolean Algebra, Classical Logic, Cellular Automata, and Probability Manipulation. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011.

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Makinson, David. Sets, Logic and Maths for Computing. Springer, 2020.

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Makinson, David. Sets, Logic and Maths for Computing. Springer, 2008.

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Levin, Frank S. Quantum Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0009.

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The subject of Chapter 8 is the fundamental principles of quantum theory, the abstract extension of quantum mechanics. Two of the entities explored are kets and operators, with kets being representations of quantum states as well as a source of wave functions. The quantum box and quantum spin kets are specified, as are the quantum numbers that identify them. Operators are introduced and defined in part as the symbolic representations of observable quantities such as position, momentum and quantum spin. Eigenvalues and eigenkets are defined and discussed, with the former identified as the possi
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Draganov, Alexandr. Mathematical Tools for Real-World Applications. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14218.001.0001.

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Techniques for applying mathematical concepts in the real world: six rarely taught but crucial tools for analysis, research, and problem-solving. Many young graduates leave school with a solid knowledge of mathematical concepts but struggle to apply these concepts in practice. Real scientific and engineering problems are different from those found in textbooks: they are messier, take longer to solve, and standard solution recipes might not apply. This book fills the gap between what is taught in the typical college curriculum and what a practicing engineer or scientist needs to know. It presen
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Book chapters on the topic "Probability of manipulation"

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Darrin, Speegle, and Clair Bryan. "Data Manipulation." In Probability, Statistics, and Data. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003004899-6.

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Yuan, Shuai, Lianqing Liu, Zhidong Wang, and Ning Xi. "Path Planning of Nano-Robot Using Probability Distribution Region." In AFM-Based Observation and Robotic Nano-manipulation. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0508-9_6.

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Ferrara, Matteo, and Annalisa Franco. "Morph Creation and Vulnerability of Face Recognition Systems to Morphing." In Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_6.

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AbstractFace recognition in controlled environments is nowadays considered rather reliable, and very good accuracy levels can be achieved by state-of-the-art systems in controlled scenarios. However, even under these desirable conditions, digital image alterations can severely affect the recognition performance. In particular, several studies show that automatic face recognition systems are very sensitive to the so-called face morphing attack, where face images of two individuals are mixed to produce a new face image containing facial features of both subjects. Face morphing represents nowaday
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Rose, Colin, and Murray D. Smith. "Random[Title]: Manipulating Probability Density Functions." In Computational Economics and Finance. Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2340-5_16.

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Vieira, Hiparco Lins, and Maíra M. da Silva. "Estimating the Probability of Failures of a 3RRR Manipulator Using a Metamodel." In EuCoMeS 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98020-1_45.

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Dong, Huimin, Shangkun Xu, Changyu Xu, and Delun Wang. "A Probability Way on Kinematic Positioning Error of Manipulator Caused by Joint Clearance." In Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20131-9_243.

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Lebovic, James H. "Risk Manipulation." In The False Promise of Superiority. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197680865.003.0005.

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Abstract To boost its credibility to act, the United States can arguably manipulate risk. That is, it can orchestrate conditions to convince the opponent that its probability of a costly loss is unacceptably great should it continue along a given course. By taking forceful action, the United States can hope, at least, that the increasing risk will convince the opponent to back down. As with commitments, however, risk manipulation can prove ineffective, even counterproductive. Chapter 5 develops its arguments by considering the nature of risk, US Cold War–era efforts to manipulate risk, “latent
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Meis, Constantin. "Quantized Field of Single Photons." In Single Photon Manipulation. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88378.

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We present theoretical developments expressing the physical characteristics of a single photon in conformity with the experimental evidence. The quantization of the electromagnetic field vector potential amplitude is enhanced to a free of cavity photon state. Coupling the Schrödinger equation with the relativistic massless particle Hamiltonian to a symmetrical vector potential relation, we establish the vector potential - energy equation for the photon expressing the simultaneous wave-particle nature of a single photon, an intrinsic physical property. It is shown that the vector potential can
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Hoppitt, William, and Kevin N. Laland. "Developmental Methods for Studying Social Learning." In Social Learning. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691150703.003.0007.

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This chapter describes developmental methods for studying social learning. Developmental approaches can be broadly divided into two types. The first type includes approaches that involve collecting observational data on the development of a trait and the opportunities that arise for social learning, as well as attempting to infer the role of social learning. The second consists of developmental methods that involve experimental manipulations. The chapter begins by discussing some of the methods that have been applied to observational data on the development of traits in order to elucidate the
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Balinski, Michel, and Rida Laraki. "Strategy in Grading." In Majority Judgment. The MIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262015134.003.0010.

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Identification of grading methods immune to judges’ strategic manipulation is the main focus of the chapter, which discusses social grading function immunity to manipulation and encourages the use of order function for minimizing the judges’ manipulation probability. The advantage of use of order function for the judges is discussed along with the properties of the function. Order function does not require language improvement as it provides answers for judges from different cultures in a simple language. The Borda-majority method used by the International Skating Union is compared with the SG
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Conference papers on the topic "Probability of manipulation"

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Rangel, Gustavo P., Marcelino L. Fernandes, Hugo R. Matias, and Belmira Neto. "Enhancing Jet Fuel Production: Cutting Costs and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions of Power-to-Liquid Technology." In 2024 10th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction & 2024 5th International Conference on Building Science, Technology and Sustainability. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-h0dl2d.

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This work minimises the operational costs of synthetic jet fuel production (C8 – C16 hydrocarbon range) by manipulating five operating parameters of the power-to-liquid (PtL) process. Conservative estimates for variable expenses (90th percentiles of historical costs) and revenues (10th percentiles of prices for revenues) were assumed for optimisation of the simulation in Aspen PlusTM software. The distributions of costs under parametric uncertainty were obtained using the Monte Carlo algorithm. Two optimisation scenarios for cost minimisation were developed. They differ on the assumption that
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Yuan, Shuai, Lianqing Liu, Zhidong Wang, Jingyi Xing, Ning Xi, and Yuechao Wang. "Path planning and design for AFM based nano-manipulation using probability distribution." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbs.2017.8266095.

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Wang, Jingyu, Sheng Su, Yinhong Li, Jinfu Chen, and Dongyuan Shi. "Desaturated Probability Integral Transform for Normalizing Power System Measurements in Data-Driven Manipulation Detection." In 2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm40551.2019.8973800.

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Cruz-Díaz, Alvin O., and Rubén E. Díaz-Rivera. "Hydrodynamically Induced Whole-Cell Manipulation in Micro-Fluidic Devices." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53980.

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The increasing interest for dedicated analysis of single particles at microscopic scales, such as biological cells, has led researchers to create micro-fluidic systems capable of trapping particles in a liquid flow. The most common trapping mechanism is by physical obstruction, which is simple, but it has its limitations. For instance, in these systems particle selectivity is poor because all the particles that pass through the channel may get pin down against the physical obstruction regardless of the size and shape of the particle [Di Carlo et al., Tan et al., Nilsson et al.]. In addition, r
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Hsin-Yao Tseng, Yu-Hsuan Huang, Hong-Yuan Huang, and Da-Jeng Yao. "Oviduct -mimetic chip for sperm separation and oocyte manipulation to enhance the probability of fertilization for oligozoospermia patient." In 2013 8th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2013.6559803.

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Warren, Stephen, and Panagiotis Artemiadis. "Bio-Inspired Robot Control for Human-Robot Bi-Manual Manipulation." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3834.

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As robots are increasingly used in human-cluttered environments, the requirement of human-likeness in their movements becomes essential. Although robots perform a wide variety of demanding tasks around the world in factories, remote sites and dangerous environments, they are still lacking the ability to coordinate with humans in simple, every-day life bi-manual tasks, e.g. removing a jar lid. This paper focuses on the introduction of bio-inspired control schemes for robot arms that coordinate with human arms in bi-manual manipulation tasks. Using data captured from human subjects performing a
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Manurangsi, Pasin, and Warut Suksompong. "Fixing Knockout Tournaments With Seeds." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/59.

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Knockout tournaments constitute a popular format for organizing sports competitions. While prior results have shown that it is often possible to manipulate a knockout tournament by fixing the bracket, these results ignore the prevalent aspect of player seeds, which can significantly constrain the chosen bracket. We show that certain structural conditions that guarantee that a player can win a knockout tournament without seeds are no longer sufficient in light of seed constraints. On the other hand, we prove that when the pairwise match outcomes are generated randomly, all players are still lik
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Hwang, K. H., and G. J. Park. "Development of a Robust Design Process Using a New Robustness Index." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84555.

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In product design and manufacturing, robust design leads to a product that has good quality. Robust design is reviewed in two categories: one is the process and the other is the robustness index. The process means efficient manipulation of the mean response and the variance. The robustness index indicates a measure of insensitiveness with respect to the variation. To improve existing methods, a three-step robust design (TRD) is proposed. The first step is “reduce the variance,” the second is “find multiple candidate designs,” and the third is “select the optimum robust design by using the robu
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Wood, K. L., E. K. Antonsson, and J. L. Beck. "Comparing Fuzzy and Probability Calculus for Representing Imprecision in Preliminary Engineering Design." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0012.

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Abstract A technique to perform design calculations on imprecise representations of parameters using the calculus of fuzzy sets has been previously developed [17]. An analogous approach to representing and manipulating uncertainty in choosing among alternatives (imprecision) using probability calculus is presented and compared with the fuzzy calculus technique. We find that the fuzzy calculus is well suited to representing and manipulating the imprecision aspect of uncertainty, and probability is best used to represent stochastic uncertainty.
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Weiss, Thomas, Jose Maria Rey Villazón, and Arnold Kühhorn. "A Parametric Impact Study of the Geometry, Air System and Thermal Boundary Conditions on the Life of a Two-Stage High Pressure Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68453.

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Abstract:
High Pressure Turbine Discs of Aero Engines are classified as Critical Parts. Critical Parts are those whose failure is classified as likely to have hazardous or even catastrophic effects (e.g. damage to or loss of aircraft structure, injury/loss of the crew/passengers) and therefore require special control in order to achieve an acceptably low probability of individual failure. Even though special care is taken during the design and manufacturing process of these parts, there are still tolerances within their manufacturing route and during operation. Historically, Aero Engine parts were desig
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
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