Relevant bibliographies by topics / Probe spacing

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Probe spacing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Probe spacing.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Probe spacing"

1

HASEGAWA, SHUJI, ICHIRO SHIRAKI, FUHITO TANABE, REI HOBARA, TAIZO KANAGAWA, TAKEHIRO TANIKAWA, IWAO MATSUDA, et al. "ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION THROUGH SURFACE SUPERSTRUCTURES MEASURED BY MICROSCOPIC FOUR-POINT PROBES." Surface Review and Letters 10, no. 06 (December 2003): 963–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x03005736.

Full text
Abstract:
For in-situ measurements of the local electrical conductivity of well-defined crystal surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum, we have developed two kinds of microscopic four-point probe methods. One involves a "four-tip STM prober," in which four independently driven tips of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) are used for measurements of four-point probe conductivity. The probe spacing can be changed from 500 nm to 1 mm. The other method involves monolithic micro-four-point probes, fabricated on silicon chips, whose probe spacing is fixed around several μm. These probes are installed in scanning-electron-microscopy/electron-diffraction chambers, in which the structures of sample surfaces and probe positions are observed in situ. The probes can be positioned precisely on aimed areas on the sample with the aid of piezoactuators. By the use of these machines, the surface sensitivity in conductivity measurements has been greatly enhanced compared with the macroscopic four-point probe method. Then the conduction through the topmost atomic layers (surface-state conductivity) and the influence of atomic steps on conductivity can be directly measured.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

You, Ilhwan, Seung-Jung Lee, Goangseup Zi, and Daehyun Lim. "Influence of Carbon Fiber Incorporation on Electrical Conductivity of Cement Composites." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 8993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248993.

Full text
Abstract:
This study investigated the effects of carbon fiber (CF) length, electrode spacing, and probe configuration on the electrical conductivity of cement composites. Accordingly, 57 different types of samples were prepared, considering three different CF lengths, five different CF contents, three different electrode spacings, and two different probe configurations. This research found that the influence of CF length on the electrical resistivity of cement composite depends electrode spacing. For the cement composite with wide electrode spacing of 40 mm, its resistivity decreased as increasing CF length as in the previous study. However, when the electrode spacing is 10 mm, which is narrow (10 mm), the resistivity of the cement composite rather increased with increasing CF length. The results implied that when an electrode is designed for the cement composite incorporating CF, the CF length should be short compared to the electrode spacing. The percolation threshold of CF measured by the two-probe configuration was 2% or more. This is higher than that measured by the four-probe configuration (1%). At a lower CF content than 2%, the two-probe configuration gave higher resistivity of the cement composite than the four-probe configuration. However, the difference coming from the different probe configurations was marginal as increasing the CF content.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Onoda, Jo, Doug Vick, Mark Salomons, Robert Wolkow, and Jason Pitters. "Consistent probe spacing in multi-probe STM experiments." AIP Advances 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 105213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0021739.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

SHIRAKI, ICHIRO, TADAAKI NAGAO, SHUJI HASEGAWA, CHRISTIAN L. PETERSEN, PETER BØGGILD, TORBEN M. HANSEN, and FRANÇOIS HANSEN. "MICRO-FOUR-POINT PROBES IN A UHV SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE FOR IN-SITU SURFACE-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS." Surface Review and Letters 07, no. 05n06 (October 2000): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x00000592.

Full text
Abstract:
For in-situ measurements of surface conductivity in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), we have installed micro-four-point probes (probe spacings down to 4 μm) in a UHV scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with scanning reflection–high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). With the aid of piezoactuators for precise positioning of the probes, local conductivity of selected surface domains of well-defined superstructures could be measured during SEM and RHEED observations. It was found that the surface sensitivity of the conductivity measurements was enhanced by reducing the probe spacing, enabling the unambiguous detection of surface-state conductivity and the influence of surface defects on the electrical conduction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sumner, David. "A Comparison of Data-Reduction Methods for a Seven-Hole Probe." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 2 (May 28, 2002): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1455033.

Full text
Abstract:
Two data-reduction methods were compared for the calibration of a seven-hole conical pressure probe in incompressible flow. The polynomial curve-fit method of Gallington and the direct-interpolation method of Zilliac were applied to the same set of calibration data, for a range of calibration grid spacings. The results showed that the choice of data-reduction method and the choice of calibration grid spacing each have an influence on the measurement uncertainty. At high flow angles, greater than 30 deg, where flow may separate from the leeward side of the probe, the direct-interpolation method was preferable. At low flow angles, less than 30 deg, where flow remains attached about the probe, neither data-reduction method had any advantage. For both methods, a calibration grid with a maximum interval of 10 deg was recommended. The Reynolds-number sensitivity of the probe began at Re=5000, based on probe diameter, and was independent of the data-reduction method or calibration grid spacing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Feng, Wei, Alexander Y. Bigazzi, Sirisha Kothuri, and Robert L. Bertini. "Freeway Sensor Spacing and Probe Vehicle Penetration." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2178, no. 1 (January 2010): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2178-08.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kjølerbakken, Kai Morgan, Wojciech J. Miloch, and Ketil Røed. "The influence of probe spacing and probe bias in a double Langmuir probe setup." AIP Advances 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 085007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0058540.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Chen, Xi, Changku Sun, Changjie Liu, and Luhua Fu. "A Four-Probe Method Using Different Probe Spacings for Measurement and Exact Reconstruction of Parallel Profiles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 30, 2019): 5216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235216.

Full text
Abstract:
To realize the measurement and exact reconstruction of a pair of parallel profiles, a new scanning method using four displacement sensors as probes and different probe spacings has been invented with the advantage of preventing data processing error. The measuring device is placed between the measured objects and moved by a scanning stage to collect measurement data of both measured profiles. Considering many existing methods, the high lateral resolution of the reconstruction result and the rejection of the data processing error cannot always be achieved at the same time. When the measured profiles are in the short wavelength range, data processing errors are often on the same order of magnitude as the height difference of the measured profiles. The new method can eliminate both the straightness error of the measurement reference and the data processing error. The exact reconstruction retaining the high lateral resolution and without data processing error can be realized by rational position arrangement of sensors and corresponding processing method of the measurement data. The new method possesses the following advantages: (i) achievement of the exact reconstruction without data processing error; (ii) high lateral resolution not limited by probe spacing; (iii) concise operation without zero calibration of probes; and (iv) suitability for on-machine measurement. The feasibility and advantages of the new method were demonstrated by theoretical analyses, simulations, and experimental results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wang, Minjie, and Caiwen Ma. "Optical spectrum evolution induced by altering input light wavelength spacing." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 01 (January 10, 2016): 1550259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915502590.

Full text
Abstract:
This study explored the optical spectrum evolution process using a pump-modulated light and a continuous-wave probe, launched simultaneously into a 1 km highly nonlinear fiber. A total of 70 optical spectra were obtained by each changing the wavelength spacing (0.4 nm) between the probe and pump lights. Simulation results indicated that wavelength spacing between the two beams caused a cyclical optical spectrum evolution process induced by cross-phase modulation. As input light wavelength spacing increased, the coupling between the two optical fields showed obvious attenuation in each neat, multi-peak cycle.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Liu, Gang, Minmin Wen, Ruiqi Ren, Bing Si, Robert Horton, and Kelin Hu. "A general in situ probe spacing correction method for dual probe heat pulse sensor." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 226-227 (October 2016): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.05.011.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Probe spacing"

1

Ding, Silin. "Freeway Travel Time Estimation Using Limited Loop Data." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1205288596.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Mussini, Nicola Verfasser], Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Salvatore, Benno [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hoffmeister, Enrico [Akademischer Betreuer] Spacone, and Ioannis [Akademischer Betreuer] Vayas. "A multilevel decision-making approach for the resilience assessment of industrial plants in seismic prone areas / Nicola Mussini ; Walter Salvatore, Benno Hoffmeister, Enrico Spacone, Ioannis Vayas." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1186269766/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mussini, Nicola [Verfasser], Walter Akademischer Betreuer] Salvatore, Benno [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hoffmeister, Enrico [Akademischer Betreuer] Spacone, and Ioannis [Akademischer Betreuer] Vayas. "A multilevel decision-making approach for the resilience assessment of industrial plants in seismic prone areas / Nicola Mussini ; Walter Salvatore, Benno Hoffmeister, Enrico Spacone, Ioannis Vayas." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019051606315336820132.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

"Effects of Skewed Probe Distributions on Temporal Bisection in Rats: Factors in the Judgment of Ambiguous Intervals." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53782.

Full text
Abstract:
abstract: Temporal bisection is a common procedure for the study of interval timing in humans and non-human animals, in which participants are trained to discriminate between a “short” and a “long” interval of time. Following stable and accurate discrimination, unreinforced probe intervals between the two values are tested. In temporal bisection studies, intermediate non-reinforced probe intervals are typically arithmetically- or geometrically- spaced, yielding point of subjective equality at the arithmetic and geometric mean of the trained anchor intervals. Brown et al. (2005) suggest that judgement of the length of an interval, even when not reinforced, is influenced by its subjective length in comparison to that of other intervals. This hypothesis predicts that skewing the distribution of probe intervals shifts the psychophysical function relating interval length to the probability of reporting that interval as “long.” Data from the present temporal bisection study, using rats, suggest that there may be a within-session shift in temporal bisection responding which accounts for observed shifts in the psychophysical functions, and that this may also influence how rats categorize ambiguous intervals.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2019
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Probe spacing"

1

Lepora, Nathan F. Touch. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0016.

Full text
Abstract:
Touch is the ability to perceive the world through physical contact. This article describes three principles underlying biological touch sensing and how these principles can result in biomimetic devices. First, that cutaneous touch is superresolved, in that the accuracy of perceiving fine stimulus detail is finer than the spacing between individual sensory mechanoreceptors. Second, that touch is active, in that animals actively select and refine sensations in a purposive manner. Third, that touch is exploratory, in that animals deploy purposive action patterns to encode properties of objects via a lexicon of exploratory procedures. Biomimetic tactile systems have utilized these principles to result in superior sensing capabilities, including systems that mimic the human fingertip and hand (cutaneous touch) and the rodent whisker system (vibrissal touch). Future biomimetic touch could rival human capabilities, enabling tactile sensors to have technological applications spanning across prosthetics, telehaptics, surgical robotics, wearable computing, medical probes, and manufacturing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Probe spacing"

1

Capobianco, T. E., and Kun Yu. "Pickup Coil Spacing Effects on Eddy Current Reflection Probe Sensitivity." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 721–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1893-4_81.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Schwartz, Richard Evan. "Pixellation and Curve Turning." In The Plaid Model, 71–80. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181387.003.0007.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter revisits the idea of pixelated spacetime diagrams considered in Chapter 5. It proves a technical result, the Curve Turning Theorem, which gives a way to understand the spacetime diagrams in terms of patterns of oriented lines. Section 6.2 assigns directions to all the particle lines. This is done using a key feature of the oriented plaid model which has already been established: the directions of all instances of a particle are the same. The Curve Turning Theorem is also stated at the end of this section. Section 6.3 proves a technical result about the spacing of the particle lines in spacetime diagrams. This result will help with the proof of the Curve Turning Theorem. Section 6.4 and 6.5 prove the Curve Turning Theorem, respectively, in the vertical and the horizontal case. Section 6.6 gives two applications of the Curve Turning Theorem.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ehrenfeld, David. "Writing." In Swimming Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148527.003.0018.

Full text
Abstract:
The semester is over, my grade rosters have been handed to the registrar, and I am home, writing sporadically and glancing through a book by P. G. Wodehouse, whose incomparable prose, as elegant as it is funny, is always very soothing. The thirty students in Conservation Ecology were very good this year. Most of them were informed, outdoors-loving, committed, hard working people who cared for each other and seemed to enjoy the class. With a few exceptions, however, they can’t write English, and I am still recovering from the effects of reading the term papers upon which their grades were largely based. For twenty-five years, I have been assigning a major term paper in lieu (“in loo,” as one student wrote) of an exam. I used to get eighteen- to forty-page papers, acceptably or even nicely written; now the students struggle to reach fourteen pages with the help of triple spacing, margins you could drive a bus along, and type sizes usually reserved for the visually disabled. And the writing! The first mistake the students are making is to use the “spell-checkers” of their computer software as a substitute for proofreading. The results are papers in which all the words are spelled correctly, even if they are not the right words. Reading these spell-checked papers can be like trying to translate from Spanish to English based on the assumption that words that are spelled the same in the two languages have the same meaning. (This can lead to some confusion if, for example, the Spanish words are sin, cabal, or saber.) In one of the papers, I had to erase a long, marginal comment I had written when I realized that illicit was meant to be elicit. In another, I had trouble with the philosophical implications of the word modal, used throughout the text, until I turned it into model, which made more sense. Then there were words such as begum (“a Muslim lady of high rank,” my dictionary told me), which didn’t seem to fit easily into the context of a paper on the genetics of coyotes, and which didn’t have an obvious substitute.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

"expansion with a heterodyne laser interferometer (laser probe). Demodulation is obtained with specific electronics. The magnitude and phase of the surface vibration are given with a second lock-in amplifier (lock-in amplifier 1) and stored in a microcomputer that also drives the scanning units. With this multi-acquisition microscope, the typical duration of an experiment in order to obtain a set of five low noise images is about 15 minutes. The resolution of the SThEM is given by the size at the photothermal source (radius of the optical beam: 5 /xm here). 4.1. Application to the study of thin films The first example concerns the observation of subsurface thin layers. In order to demonstrate the capacity for subsurface investigation we successively vapour deposited a 200 nm thick SiC>2 and 100 nm thick aluminium layers onto a polycrystalline nickel substrate (Fig. 8a). The bright strip on the right part of the image (Fig. 8b) reveals the presence of the subsurface SiC>2 layer which is optically invisible. This image has been obtained at 220 kHz modulation frequency of the excitation beam. The image contrast corresponds to about 25° phase shift. As the SThEM makes it possible to observe the subsurface we decided to use it for the detection of thin films delamination. We used a 1 /xm thick DLC film deposited on a steel substrate. Several lines of Vickers indentations were performed under an applied load of 4.5N. A different spacing (25 to 140 pim) between indentations has been taken for each line. The SEM and thermoelastic images of the indentations spaced 25 /xm are shown in Fig. 9. Due to the film delamination, an optically invisible bright area between the indentations (Fig. 9a) was observed by the SThEM at 100 kHz operating frequency (Fig. 9b). It is an indication of the excessive heating resulting from the film delamination. The latter is due to the tensile residual stresses which develop around each indentation. The bright area (film delamination) could not be detected both in the case of a single indentation or when the spacing between indentations was higher than 40 /xm. In the latter case." In Adhesion Aspects of Thin Films, Volume 1, 210–12. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11971-32.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

"readers find it easier to read print that is set with equal, rather than variable, spacing between words. Punctuation itself is said to have originated as a guide to the oral reading of written documents (such as proclamations). Until recently, statutes were not punctuated and, even now, the courts are reluctant to attach significance to punctuation. The legal tradition has been one of unadorned, linear text. Such visual aids to presentation as indentation (for example, to highlight the logical structure of paragraphs) are relatively recent innovations. Bhatia indicates that we can go much further in the use of non-linear alternatives to prose, such as logical trees or flow-charts, list structures and tabulated presentations. The use of such techniques deploys the resources of the vertical as well as the horizontal dimension of the printed page. But the written document remains restricted to those two dimensions. With the aid of modern designed business judgment intelligibility-expert." In Sourcebook on English Legal System, 40. Routledge-Cavendish, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843143451-20.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Probe spacing"

1

Wang, Fei, Dirch H. Petersen, Frederik W. Osterberg, and Ole Hansen. "Accuracy of micro four-point probe measurements on inhomogeneous samples: A probe spacing dependence study." In 2009 17th International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors (RTP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtp.2009.5373449.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Shin, Heungjoo, and Peter J. Hesketh. "Micro Four-Point Probe With Metal Tip." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42443.

Full text
Abstract:
A fabrication method for a metal micro four-point probe with metal tip and measurements made using this probe are presented. A novel conical metal tip etching method using silicon dioxide chamber is also introduced. Four-point-probe resolution is decided by the electrode spacing because the effective probing depth is proportional to the electrode spacing [1]. AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) cantilever type micro four-point probe can be installed in the commercial AFM to measure the sample resistivity with low contact force and high resolution [2]. The integration of a vertical tip extends the useful application of micro four-point-probe. A conductive tip can be fabricated by coating a dielectric cantilever with conductive material. However, solid electric contact between sample and cantilever tip cannot be ensured because of the possibility of tip coating material wear. The effect of conductivity loss due to wear can be reduced with a solid metal tip.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Layachi, M. Y., and A. Bölcs. "Effect of the Axial Spacing Between Rotor and Stator With Regard to the Indexing in an Axial Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0592.

Full text
Abstract:
An experimental investigation was carried out to examine the influence of the axial spacing between rotor and stator. The test facility of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology is made up of an inlet guide vane (IGV), a rotor and a stator. Temperature and aerodynamic measurements determined the characteristics of the compressor stage. Data were acquired over a range of flow coefficients for four different axial spacings. A refined measurement mesh was used for Pitot probe measurements in different sections of the compressor. As the compressor has a rather low aspect ratio of 1.21, the flow was governed by strong secondary flows. The interaction between the different secondary flows, especially the Influence of the IGV wake on the secondary flows in the stator, were detected by the detailed Pitot probe measurements. Shifting the stator axially changes the circumferential position of the IGV wake entering the stator. From this statement, the link between an axial variation of the distance between rotor and stator and the clocking between IGV and stator will be shown. Further Pitot measurement with different indexings between IGV and stator were performed. The Pitot measurements for the different axial spacings as for the different indexings brought to light strong interactions in the wall regions especially between the IGV wake and the clearances at the rotor tip and at the stator hub. The structure of the flow thus changes with the indexing and with the axial spacing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Tanaka, Yosuke, and Takahiro Hasegawa. "Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis Using Spectrally Reshaped 12-GHz Spacing Multimode Pump and Probe." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2020.sf3p.7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Voogt, Arjan, Tim Bunnik, and Rene´ Huijsmans. "Validation of an Analytical Method to Calculate Wave Setdown on Current." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67436.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper describes an analytical model to calculate the setdown in waves with and without current. This model is based on a second order quadratic transfer function and a Lagrangian transformation for the effect of current. The method is validated against basin experiments with a large number of wave probes through the basin. The wave signals are separated in incoming and reflected bound and free waves based on the phase differences between the wave probes. The optimum probe spacing and transient phenomena in the restricted sized basin are discussed. The resulting separated bound wave shows good comparison to the setdown calculated with the analytical model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Green, Steven, and Michael Grace. "Conflict-free planning for en route spacing - A concept for integrating conflict probe and miles-in-trail." In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3988.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lippett, D., G. Woollatt, P. C. Ivey, P. Timmis, and B. A. Charnley. "The Design, Development and Evaluation of 3D Aerofoils for High Speed Axial Compressors: Part 1 — Test Facility, Instrumentation and Probe Traverse Mechanism." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68792.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper, in two parts, reports measurements from, and simulation of, Cranfield University’s 3-stage high-speed axial compressor. Using this newly built rig, supported by European Commission, a consortium of gas-turbine companies have tested a set of conventionally stacked 2D rotor and stator blades. The results from this experiment were used to evaluate and assess the performance of several commercially available CFD codes leading to the collaborative design of an advanced three-dimensional blade set seeking, if possible, a 2% efficiency gain. The limited axial spacing between the measurement planes and the blade rows required the design of a unique seven probe assembly and traverse mechanism able to yaw and pitch the probes and to control the insertion depths. This mechanism was designed to accommodate different probes, such as cobra, fast response (pneumatic) and temperature measuring probes, and deliver area traverses between rotor and stators throughout the compressor. For probe calibration a high speed wind tunnel section was designed to accommodate this mechanism enabling calibrations for Mach numbers up to 0.78, as well as for a wide range of pitch and yaw angles values. This mechanism combined with a post processing programme incorporating a mapping technique for the relative offset of the measurement points on the probe secured very detailed results throughout the compressor. Measurements show the complex three dimensional flow structure and secondary flows associated with tip-leakage, endwall boundary layers, wake transportation and blade row interactions. The importance of a rigorous mapping procedure was particularly useful where the wake thickness was small and pressure gradients high in comparison to the probe size.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kashinsky, O. N., P. D. Lobanov, A. S. Kurdyumov, N. A. Pribaturin, and S. E. Volkov. "Local Void Fraction in Triangular Arranged Rod Bundle." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54453.

Full text
Abstract:
An experimental study of gas-liquid flow in a vertical bundle of 37 rods in a triangular arrangement was performed. An interaction of gas phase with a spacing grid was considered. Gas was injected through a 1.2 mm capillary tube inserted into one of the sub channels of the central rod. Void fraction measurements were performed by a conductivity probe mounted on the central rod Measurements were performed in the flow region just downstream the spacing grid. The processing of the conductivity probe records allowed to obtain three-dimensional distribution of the gas phase around the central rod of the bundle. Measurements performed demonstrated a non-uniform distribution of the gas phase over the circumference of the central rod in the region close to the grid. The data obtained allow to estimate the rate of gas transfer between the sub channels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bartsch, Christian, Magnus Hölle, Peter Jeschke, and Timo Metzler. "1D Adaptive Measurement Grid for Improved Pneumatic Probe Measurements." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42352.

Full text
Abstract:
The subject of this paper is a flow-adaptive measurement grid developed for pneumatic probe measurements in turbomachinery flows. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by a circumferential traverse at a constant radial position with a pneumatic 5-hole probe in an annular cascade wind tunnel. Compared to a conventional equidistant measurement grid, the algorithm automatically computes the amount of measurement points needed for a high resolution of the pressure distribution in steady flow fields. The algorithm is fully automated and approximates the pressure distribution of a preliminary transient measurement very accurately. Even though the spacing of the computed measurement points differs significantly from an equidistant grid, post-processing corrections related to the probe head geometry can still be applied. Accompanying a redistribution of the measurement points is a reduction in the overall points needed for the measurement. The commonly encountered problem of data oversampling is therefore avoided. Compared to a conventional equidistant measurement grid, the adaptive grid showed a significant reduction in the overall measurement points and a reduction in the duration of the measurement — while maintaining the accuracy in the computation of flow parameters. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the performance of an automatic detection of measurement points so that valuable measurement time can be saved without a loss in quality of the obtained data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lou, Fangyuan, and Nicole L. Key. "Reconstructing Compressor Non-Uniform Circumferential Flow Field From Spatially Undersampled Data: Part 1 — Methodology and Sensitivity Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14867.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The flow field in a compressor is circumferentially non-uniform due to the wakes from upstream stators, the potential field from both upstream and downstream stators, and blade row interactions. This non-uniform flow impacts stage performance as well as blade forced vibrations. Historically, experimental characterization of the circumferential flow variation is achieved by circumferentially traversing either a probe or the stator rows. This involves the design of complex traverse mechanisms and can be costly. To address this challenge, a novel method is proposed to reconstruct compressor nonuniform circumferential flow field using spatially under-sampled data points from a few probes at fixed circumferential locations. The paper is organized into two parts. In the present part of the paper, details of the multi-wavelet approximation for the reconstruction of circumferential flow and use of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for selection of probe positions are presented. Validation of the method is performed using the total pressure field in a multi-stage compressor representative of small core compressors in aero engines. The circumferential total pressure field is reconstructed from 8 spatially distributed data points using a triple-wavelet approximation method. Results show good agreement between the reconstructed and the true total pressure fields. Also, a sensitivity analysis of the method is conducted to investigate the influence of probe spacing on the errors in the reconstructed signal.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Probe spacing' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography