Dissertations / Theses: 'Probiotica'

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Turcanu, Michaela. "Kan probiotica vara ett komplement vid behandling av Helicobacter pylori-infektion?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27380.

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Helicobacter pylori (HP) är en mycket vanlig bakterie och 50 % av jordens befolkning bär på denna bakterie. 1982 bevisade australiensarna Barry Marshall och Robin Warren att bakterien kunde överleva i magens sura miljö. Bakterien orsakar kronisk inflammation genom att skada slemhinnan i magsäcken och tolvfingertarmen och kan ge upphov till magsår. Efter upptäckten av H. pylori har Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) deklarerat bakterien som en klass 1-carcinogen. H. pylori-behandlingen består av trippelterapi där två olika sorters antibiotika tillsammans med PPI (protonpumpshämmare) används. På grund av problematiken med antibiotikaresistens samt antibiotikaassocierade biverkningar misslyckas 35 % av H. pylori- behandling vid bruk av förstahandsalternativet. Vid misslyckande måste patienten äta tre eller flera sorters antibiotika som ger fler biverkningar. Probiotika är levande bakteriekultur av flera olika stammar av de ”goda” bakterier som återställer balansen i tarmfloran. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om probiotika kan vara ett komplement till antibiotikavid behandling av H. pylori- infektioner. Metoden som användes var litteratustudier av randomiserade kliniska studier från databasen PubMed och Google Scholar där olika trippelbehandlingar och probiotika-stammar jämförs på patienter med H. pylori. Resultat från studierna visade att för- och efteradministrering med probiotika i samband med trippelbehandling minskar bakteriehalten och förbättrar eradikeringsresultaten. Samtidigt är probiotikakomplement mycket effektivt vad gäller minskning av antibiotikaassocierade biverkningar. Slutsatsen blev att det krävs ytterligare forskning där stora, långsiktiga och placebokontrollerade studier utförs för att bestämma exakt vilken stam eller hur hög dos av probiotika som bör användas . Studieresultaten visar att tillskott med probiotika kan användas som komplement vid behandling av H. pylori-infektioner eftersom detta ökar patientens livskvalitet genom att reducera symtom som H. pylori orsakar och biverkningar från antibiotika.

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Kočnar, Michal. "Příprava a stabilita piva s přídavkem probiotických bakterií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401899.

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The presented diploma thesis is focused on the preparation and the monitoring of the biological stability of beer enriched with probiotics. Probiotic bacterial strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum were used in this study. The theoretical part is divided into two sections. In the first section, probiotics are generally characterized, and their role within a gut microbiota is described. Next, the microbiology of particular probiotic microorganisms including the genera of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium is described. Then, some factors influencing the viability and the growth of probiotics are stated. In this section, biological effects of probiotics on the human organism and their potential clinical applications are described. The second section of the theoretical part deals with the technology of brewing, the chemical composition of beer and particular beer styles. In the experimental part, the methods of probiotic bacterial cell concentration and viability determination were optimized. Several techniques for determination of these parameters were selected, particularly the cultivation method, flow cytometry and the spectrophotometric measurement of turbidity. Then, the growth curves of the probiotic strains were measured in MRS medium. Probiotic bacteria were cultivated in model beer samples, i.e. in MRS media with several different concentrations of ethanol. It is possible to say that ethanol did not have significant effect on probiotics growth. Next, experimental cultivations of individual probiotic bacteria and their mixtures in nine real beer samples were conducted. No increase of viable cells concentrations was detected in the samples. On the contrary, a decrease of the concentrations was observed, mainly in the samples with individual bacterial strains. However, certain values of viable cells concentrations were determined at the end of the cultivations in all cases. A pale, top-fermented beer was brewed and supplemented with probiotics, and the concentrations of viable probiotic cells were monitored during 37 days of fermentation. A decrease of concentrations by two orders of magnitude of CFU/ml was observed in almost all samples. Yet, viable cells of probiotic bacteria were detected in all samples of beer at the end of the fermentation. Maximal concentration of viable probiotic cells in the brewed beer was determined with the cultivation method at (3,80 ± 0,14)10^5 CFU/ml. Chosen samples were analyzed with HPLC-RI method that quantified the common beer concentrations of ethanol in all chosen samples, lactic acid was not detected. Sensory analysis was conducted as well. Based on the results of the experimental part and the bibliography, an optimal technology of the preparation of beer enriched with probiotics is discussed in this study.

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Hamalová, Sabina. "Fermentance vybraných cereálií pomocí bakterií Lactobacillus plantarum 299v." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216488.

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Počet obyvatel trpících různými infekčními, zánětlivými a alergickými nemocemi stejně jako výskyt laktózové nesnášenlivosti a vysoké hodnoty krevního cholesterolu, má narůstající tendenci. Některé z těchto zdravotních problémů jsou způsobeny nevyváženou střevní mikroflorou. Probiotika jsou pak chápána (nejen) jako potravní komponenty, které přispívají k ustanovení mikrobiální rovnováhy (Parker, 1974) mezi zdraví prospěšnými a škodlivými bakteriemi. Z tohoto důvodu, terapie založená na podávání probiotik pacientům přitáhla zájem ze strany vědců. Vhodný probiotický kmen se pak volí v závislosti na požadovaném zdravotním účinku (příp. zdravotním problému, který má být probiotickou terapií léčen). Lactobacillus plantarum 299v již prokázal své blahodárné účinky na lidech a zároveň byla i potvrzena jeho zdravotní bezpečnost, díky čemuž může tato bakterie být kategorizována jako probiotický kmen (Probi AB, Sweden). I díky tomu je Lactobacillus plantarum 299v ve značné oblibě přidáván do mnoha fukčních potravin a prodáván na trhu pod různými jmény, probiotický nápoj ProViva je jedním takovým příkladem. Cílem této práce bylo studovat fermentační proces na žitném, ječmenném a sojovém substrátu pomocí kmene Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, přičemž zvýšená pozornost byla věnována právě soji a ječmeni jako potenciálně novým substrátům pro výše uvedenou bakterii. Hlavními záměry bylo zkoumání růstu a metabolické aktivity bakterie Lactobacillus plantarum 299v v asociaci s různými cereálními substráty, a později bylo studováno totéž také ve směsi fermentované cereální komponenty s běžně dostupným ovocným džusem. K tomu, aby se dosáhlo optimálních podmínek fermentace, je třeba vzít v úvahu několik aspektů. Hlavní role při konceptování nového fermentovaného produktu patří především zpracování a taktéž kompozici surového materiálu, růstové kapacitě a produktivitě bakteriální kultury a stabilitě finálního produktu během skladování (De Vuyst, 2000). Tyto parametry jsou důležité hlavně ze strany výrobců. Krom toho jsou tu ale i zákazníci, pro něž je přijatelnost produktu založena z velké části na organoleptických vlastnostech finálního probiotického produktu, tj. aromatu a chuti. Přítomnost a dostupnost různých jednotlivých nutrientů, která byla obsažena ve fermentačním médiu výsledkem rozdílných použitých cereálních substrátů, pravděpodobně vyústila v odlišnosti metabolických drah, což pak později mohlo způsobit rozdíly v organoleptických vlastnostech finálního produktu.

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Blomström, Magdalena. "Probiotika vid IBS : Enskilda probiotiska stammar vs blandprobiotika." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91292.

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Krahulcová, Aneta. "Vývoj probiotického doplňku stravy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216800.

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The thesis deals with a theme of probiotic mikroorganisms which are aplicated as a dietary supplement. Health benefit on the host have been known for a long time, however, there might be some negative effects affecting a consumer. In connection with this observation defining requirements and evaluating of safety of probiotics in food was necessary. The new probiotic dietary supplement can not be expanded on the market without these processes. Every strain must be tested separately on each property. The ability of rezistance against conditions inside human gastrointestinal tract belongs to the most basic tests. The aim of the practical part is testing this ability of rezistance in vitro by simulated conditions. The model of gastrointestinal juices was designed according to the Czechoslovak codex. The form contributes to the higher rezistance of probiotics within implementing to the host. Also a dosage form of probiotics was involved to a in vitro testing.

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Eklöf, Ida, and Sara Björn. "En inventering av i vilken utsträckning lactobaciller används i vården på Akademiska sjukhuset." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-106835.

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Syfte: Syftet med studien var att inventera lactobacillanvändandet i vården av patienter på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Metod: Enkäter skickades ut till 67 vårdavdelningar på sjukhuset. Svarsfrekvens var 79 % och bortfallet 21 %.Resultat: Huvudresultatet i studien är att en stor del (76 %) av avdelningarna vid Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala använder sig av lactobaciller i vården av patienter. Den mest frekvent använda produkten är Proviva saft/fruktsoppa (54 %). De samlade filprodukterna står tillsammans för 24 % av användandet. Den främsta indikationen varför lactobacillprodukter ges är vid antibiotikabehandling för att undvika relaterade magproblem. Nästa stora indikationsgrundande tillstånd är den generella användningen då man serverar exempelvis filprodukter på generell basis ("det enda som finns”).Diskussion: Att användningen av Lactobaciller är så utbredd kan bland annat vara ett resultat av intensiv marknadsföring som tilltalat både vårdpersonal och patienter. Vid några av de adminsitreringsgrundande tillstånden som avdelningarna angett finns kliniska studier som kan tänkas ligga till grund för administration, men mycket av distributionen tycks ske utan evidens som grund.Slutsats: Lactobaciller används i stor utsträckning i vården av patienter på Akademiska sjukhuset och vid många olika tillstånd, men med tonvikt på olika mag-tarm åkommor och främst vid antibiotikabehandling.

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Brink, Marelize. "Market and product assessment of probiotics and prebiotics and probiotic strains for commercial use." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50011.

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Thesis (MSc Nutrition Science)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Probiotics (live microbes) and prebiotics (non-digestible food-ingredients) are rapidly gaining interest worldwide as supplements and functional food ingredients but little South African information in this regard is available. Furthermore, the availability of South African produced probiotic concentrates for commercial use is also very limited. The aims of this study therefore were to complete a market and product assessment of probiotic and prebiotic containing products in South Africa and to evaluate probiotic strains for commercial use in South Africa. For the purposes of market and product assessment probiotic and/or prebiotic containing products manufactured in South Africa were identified. The scientific and legal correctness of health and content claims made on the labels of the products were assessed. An exploratory survey was conducted to determine the awareness of South African consumers of probiotics and prebiotics. For the evaluation of probiotic strains for potential commercial use in South Africa, a panel of twelve lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened for inhibitory activity against two porcine pathogens and indicator strains from the LMG-panel isolated from the faeces of patients diagnosed with AIDS. The five LAB with the best inhibitory activity were tested for growth in soymilk-base and for the effect of lyophilization on the inhibitory activity thereof. The effect of prebiotics on the growth and inhibitory activity of the strains was tested in vitro. A range of products containing probiotics and prebiotics available on the South African market was identified. Irregulatories concerning health claims on the labels were found, but content claims seemed to be less of a problem. The results also indicate that the proposed South African regulations for the labelling of probiotic and prebiotic containing products need to be revised to include the probiotic and prebiotic related health claims for which sufficient scientific evidence is available. The probiotic strains with potential for commercial use in South Africa that were identified, include Lactobacillus plantarum 423, Lactobacillus casei LHS, Lactobacillus salivarius 241, Lactobacillus curvatus DF38 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 34. These strains were grown successfully in soymilkbase and lyophilization did not have a negative effective on the inhibitory activity thereof. The growth and inhibitory activity of the five LAB were promoted when combined with 1% (w/v) Raftilose® Synergyl . It is concluded that although a variety of probiotic and prebiotic containing products are available on the South African market, the scientific and legislative correctness of especially health related claims is not satisfactory and that South African consumer awareness of these products is low. It is also concluded that a combination of at least three of the five identified LAB and 1% Raftilose® Synergy can be used by South African manufacturers for the production of probiotic and prebiotic containing supplements. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangstelling in probiotika (lewendige mikrobe) en prebiotika (onverteerbare voedselbestanddele) as supplemente en funksionele voedselbestanddele is besig om wêreldwyd toe te neem, alhoewel weinig Suid-Arikaanse inligting in hierdie verband beskikbaar is. Die beskikbaarheid van Suid-Afrikaans geproduseerde probiotika konsentrate vir kommersïele gebruik is ook baie beperk. Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was dus om 'n mark- en produkevaluering van probiotika- en prebiotika-bevattende produkte in Suid-Afrika uit te voer en om probiotiese stamme te evalueer vir uiteindelike kommersiële gebruik in Suid-Afrika. Vir die doel van die mark- en produkevaluering is probiotika- en prebiotika-bevattende produkte wat in Suid-Afrika vervaardig word geïdentifiseer. Die wetenskaplike en wetlike korrektheid van die gesondheids- en inhoudsaansprake op die etikette van die produkte is evalueer. 'n Markopname is uitgevoer om die bewustheid van Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers van probiotika en prebiotika vas te stel. Vir die evaluering van probiotiese stamme vir potensïele kommersiële gebruik in Suid-Afrika is 'n paneel van twaalf melksuurbakteriëe getoets vir inhibitoriese aktiwiteit teen twee patogene geïsoleer uit varke asook teen indikator stamme van die LMG-paneel. Die vyf melksuurbakteriëe met die beste inhibitoriese aktiwiteit is getoets vir groei in sojamelk-basis en ook vir die effek van vriesdroging op die groei en inhibitoriese aktiwiteit van die stamme daarvan. Die effek van prebiotika op die groei en inhibitoriese aktiwiteit van die stamme is in vitro getoets. 'n Reeks van probiotika- en prebiotika-bevattende produkte wat beskikbaar is op die Suid-Afrikaanse mark, is geidentifiseer. Ongeruimdhede met die gesondheidsaansprake op die etikette is gevind, maar inhoudsaansprake was minder problematies. Die resultate dui ook daarop dat die voorgestelde Suid- Afrikaanse regulasies vir die etikettering van probiotika- en prebiotika-bevattende produkte hersien moet word om al die probiotika- en prebiotika-verwante gesondheidsaansprake waarvoor voldoende wetenskaplike bewyse beskikbaar is in te sluit. Die probiotiese stamme met potensiaal vir kommersiële gebruik in Suid-Afrika sluit die volgende in: Lactobacillus plantarum 423, Lactobacillus casei LHS, Lactobacillus salivarius 241, Lactobacillus curvatus DF 38 en Pediococcus pentosaceus 34. Hierdie stamme is suksesvol gekweek in sojamelk-basis en vriesdroging het nie' n negatiewe effek op die groei en inhibitoriese aktiwiteit daarvan gehad me. Die kombinasie van die vyf melksuurbakteriëe met 1% Raftilose® Synergy het die groei en inhibitoriese aktiwiteit daarvan bevorder. Die gevolgtrekking wat gemaak word is dat alhoewel 'n varrasie van probiotika- en prebiotikabevattende produkte beskikbaar is op die Suid-Afrikaanse mark, die wetenskaplike en wetlike korrektheid van spesifiek die gesondheids-verwante aansprake op die etikette daarvan nie bevredigend is nie en dat die bewustheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers van hierdie produkte laag is. Die gevolgtrekking kan ook gemaak word dat 'n kombinasie van ten minste drie van die vyf geïdentifiseerde melksuurbakteriëe en 1% Raftilose® Synergy deur Suid-Afrikaanse vervaardigers gebruik kan word vir die vervaardiging van produkte wat probiotika en prebiotika bevat.

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Sanchez, Alzuria Nuria. "Evaluación del efecto probiótico de las cepas Lactobacillus reuteri CECT7266 y Lactobacillus fermentum CECT7265 en perros sanos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/367686.

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Rasiukevičius, Adomas. "Probiotikų įtaka bičių produktyvumui ir medaus kokybei." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_233545-37692.

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Nuolat ieškoma ekologiškų bei saugių preparatų, kuriuos būtų galima panaudoti bitynuose. Vieni iš jų probiotikai. Šiuo metu yra mažai atlikta tyrimų panaudojant probiotikus bitininkystėje. Todėl tyrimai su probiotikais svarbūs moksliniu bei praktinių požiūriu. Atliekant eksperimentą buvo įvertinta probiotiko įtaka bičių produktyvumui, bičių kūnelių SM ir medaus cheminiai sudėčiai. Meduje nustatyta: kadmio, švino kiekiai, redukuotas cukrus, diastazės aktyvumas, sacharozės kiekiai. Bičių kūnelių sausojoje medžiagoje nustatyta: baltymų kiekis, riebalų kiekis, kadmio ir švino kiekiai. Nustatyta, kad naudojant probiotiką pavasarinis viduriavimas išgydomas per keletą dienų bei padidėja perų skaičius aviliuose kas padidina bičių produktyvumą. Praturtinus bičių mitybą probiotiniais preparatais pastebėtas mažesnis kiekis sunkiųjų metalų, o riebalų kiekis padidėjo. Naudojant probiotinį preparatą galima gauti didesnį kiekį medaus ir žiedadulkių atitinkamai 70,5 kg ir 2,7kg. Constantly looking for eco-friendly and safe products which can be used in apiaries. Some of these probiotics. Currently, there are only few studies using probiotics in beekeeping. Therefore, studies with probiotics are important scientific and practical point of view. The experiment was evaluated the influence of probiotics on productivity of bees, bee cells SM and honey chemical composition. In honey was established: cadmium, plumbum levels, reduced sugar, diastase activity, sucrose levels. Bee cells in dry matter were set: protein, fat, cadmium and plumbum levels. It was established, that the use of probiotic spring diarrhea cured within a few days and an increase in the number of brood in the hives of bees which increases productivity. Enriches bee nutrition probiotic products had lower amount of heavy metals and fat content increased. Using a probiotic preparation can get a larger amount of honey and pollen, respectively, 70.5 kg and 2.7 kg.

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Johansson, Sofia, and Camilla Lundberg. "Varför konsumerar vi probiotika? : En enkätundersökning om motiv till konsumtion samt vad konsumenter anser om probiotiska produkters pris." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51874.

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Bakgrund Probiotika definieras som levande mikroorganismer som när de intas i tillräckliga mängder ger hälsosamma fördelar. Livsmedel med probiotika får bära ett produktspecifikt hälsopåstående, om produkten har visat sig ha en signifikant effekt jämfört med traditionella livsmedel. Få studier är gjorda på människors attityder kring dessa livsmedel.Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka varför personer valde att köpa livsmedel med probiotika.Metod En enkätstudie genomfördes där 103 personer, varav 63 kvinnor och 40 män i åldrarna 19-77, som köpte eller hade testat produkter innehållande probiotika svarade på enkäten. Dessa söktes upp på två stormarknader, ICA Maxi och Willys, i Umeå samt på Umeå Universitet. Insamlad data analyserades i SPSS Statistics 17,0 för att göra hypotesprövning med hjälp av Chi2-test och ett p-värde <0,05 ansågs visa en statistisk säkerställd skillnad mellan grupperna. Resultat Flera anledningar fanns till varför man köpte produkterna, varav den vanligaste var för magfunktionens skull (35 %). Även smak och utseende spelade roll för valet av produkt. Personer med laktoskänslighet angav att de köpte produkterna främst för deras laktosfria egenskaper. Av 99 deltagare var 81 % positivt inställda till priset på produkterna, gentemot 19 % som var mer negativt inställda. Resultaten visade att ProViva var den produkt som köptes mest regelbundet (n=38) och därefter kom Verum (n=35). ProViva var även den produkt informanterna angav att de köpte oftast vid sjukdom (n=16).Slutsats Personer i Umeå köpte probiotiska produkter av olika anledningar, där den största anledningen var för att ha en väl fungerande mage. Även produkternas utseende, smak och deras hälsopåståenden var något som bidrog till konsumtion. I den utsträckning informanterna köpte produkterna ansåg majoriteten att produkterna var prisvärda men hade probiotiska produkter haft ett lägre pris är det inte helt osannolikt att fler personer hade köpt dessa. Background Probiotics is defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Foods with probiotics are allowed to bear a specific health claim if the product has shown to have a significant effect compared to traditional foods. Few studies have been made on attitudes regarding these foods. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate why people chose to buy foods that contain probiotics. Method A questionnaire study was conducted where 103 individuals, 63 women and 40 men between 19 and 77 years of age, who bought or had tested products containing probiotics answered the questionnaire. These were sought at two supermarkets, ICA Maxi and Willys, in Umeå and at Umeå University. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS Statistics 17.0 for doing hypothesis testing with Chi2-test and a p-value <0.05 was considered to show a statistically significant difference between groups. Results Several reasons were given as to why people bought the products. The most common reason was for stomach functions (35%). Taste and appearance also played a role in product selection (24 %). People with lactose sensitivity indicated that they bought the products mainly because of their lactose-free qualities. Of the 99 participants 81 % were in favor of the price of products, while 19 % were more negative towards the price. The results showed that ProViva was the product that was most frequently purchased (n=38) and second place came Verum (n=35). ProViva was also the product the informants indicated that they purchased most often during sickness (n=16). Conclusion People in Umeå bought probiotics for different reasons. The primary reason appeared to be to have a well functioning stomach. The products appearance, taste and “health claims” also contributed to consumption. To the extent the informants purchased the products, the majority considered them to be affordable, but if probiotic products had a lower price, it is likely that more people would have bought them.

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Burén, Nathalie, and Yazdi Nadia Khanzadeh. "Probiotika som förebyggande och lindrande behandling mot Clostridium difficile i samband med antibiotikabehandling." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444425.

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Bakgrund: Antibiotikabehandling kan medföra gastrointestinala besvär hos patienter. En vanlig orsak till detta är bakterien Clostridium difficile som normalt kan återfinnas i tarmfloran. Vid antibiotikabehandling kan flera av tarmflorans goda bakterier slås ut vilket kan resultera i att C. difficile växer till sig och genom toxiner ge gastrointestinala besvär. Detta kan orsaka patienter onödigt lidande och kostar hälso- och sjukvården mycket pengar årligen. Probiotika består av levande mikroorganismer och det finns teorier om att dessa kan ha en positiv inverkan på tarmfloran genom stabilisering av den samt förhindrar överväxt av C. difficile i floran. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om behandling med probiotika kan förebygga C. difficile infektion och/eller lindra gastrointestinala besvär orsakade av C. difficile i samband med antibiotikabehandling. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturöversikt. Litteratursökning gjordes i CINAHL och PubMed. Elva randomiserade kontrollerade studier utgjorde resultatet i litteraturöversikten efter att ha genomgått en kvalitetsgranskning. Resultat: En statistisk signifikant skillnad gällande förebyggande av C. difficile fanns i tre av de elva inkluderade studierna. Probiotika som symtomlindring mot C. difficile visade på en signifikant skillnad avseende diarré och lösa avföringar i fyra studier med signifikant fler fall i kontroll- än interventionsgrupperna. Andra symtom som undersöktes i sammanlagt sju studier var utspänd buk, buksmärta, illamående, kräkning och flatulens. Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten påvisade att probiotika i vissa fall kan ha effekt mot infektion orsakad av C. difficile i samband med antibiotikabehandling. Effekten visar sig i form av lindrande effekt på vissa gastrointestinala besvär. Litteraturöversikten kunde dock inte påvisa tillräcklig evidens på grund av varierande resultat i de inkluderade artiklarna. Det gör att probiotika i nuläget inte är aktuellt för implementering inom sjukvården i samband med antibiotikabehandling för att förebygga eller lindra infektion av C. difficile. Background: Patients treated with antibiotics can experience gastrointestinal side effects. A common cause of the side effects is the bacterium Clostridium difficile. C. difficile can normally be found in the intestinal human flora. Antibiotic treatment can cause imbalance in the intestinal flora because antibiotics sometimes eliminate several of the good bacteria in the gastrointestinal microbiome. This can cause an overgrowth of C. difficile and through its toxins cause gastrointestinal side effects for the individual. The side effects of antibiotics and C. difficile can cause individual suffering and cost healthcare a lot of money annually. Probiotics contain living microorganisms and there are theories that these microorganisms can have a positive effect on the intestinal human flora by stabilizing the gastrointestinal microbiome and preventing overgrowth of C. difficile in the human flora. Aim: The aim was to investigate if treatment with probiotics could prevent C. difficile infection and/or relieve the occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects caused by C. difficile in patients treated with antibiotics. Method: A descriptive literature review. Data collection was made in CINAHL and PubMed. Eleven randomized controlled trials were included in this literature review after a quality review. Results: A statistically significant difference in the prevention of C. difficile was found in three of the included articles. Probiotics used for relief of symptoms caused by C. difficile showed a significant difference in four studies that examined loose stools and diarrhea with more cases in the control group than the intervention group. Other symptoms examined in a total of seven articles were distended abdomen, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and flatulence. Conclusion: This literature review proved that probiotics in some cases may have an effect on infections caused by C. difficile during treatment with antibiotics. The literature review could not prove sufficient evidence due to varying results in the included studies. That makes probiotics at the present time not relevant for implementation in healthcare services during treatment with antibiotics for prevention of C. difficile.

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Santos, Victor Daniel de Salles. "Desenvolvimento de uma formulação probiótica para a prevenção e tratamento da mastite em bovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97132/tde-03122015-145525/.

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O Brasil é o quinto maior produtor de leite do mundo, entretanto sua produtividade é considerada baixa. Um dos motivos desta baixa produtividade é a alta incidência da mastite no rebanho. A mastite é a reação inflamatória da glândula mamária, causada principalmente pela invasão e ação de espécies de micro-organismos patogênicos. O principal tratamento consiste no uso de antibióticos de aplicação intramamária. Entretanto, o uso constante de antibióticos apresenta problemas graves como o surgimento de cepas de bactérias resistentes e a presença de resíduos destes medicamentos no leite. Para reduzir esses problemas, formas alternativas de prevenção e tratamento da mastite têm sido estudadas, como o uso de preparações contendo espécies probióticas. Pesquisas recentes têm demonstrado o potencial de algumas destas espécies no tratamento e prevenção da mastite bovina tendo em vista sua atividade inibitória sobre os patógenos responsáveis por esta infecção. Desta forma, a proposta deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar a estabilidade de uma preparação probiótica na forma de emulsão de aplicação intramamária contendo 108 UFC/mL de um \"pool\" constituído de cinco cepas de Lactobacillus (L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, L. casei ATCC 7469, L. fermentum ATCC 9338, L. plantarum ATCC 8014 e L. paracasei Nestlé ST11). Para tanto, 12 formulações de emulsão base foram desenvolvidas e avaliadas em ensaios preliminares de estabilidade (centrifugação e estresse térmico), sendo a formulação contendo monestearato de glicerila, lanolina anidra, óleo mineral, Tween 80® e Spam 80® selecionada para formulação da preparação probiótica. Adicionalmente, selecionou-se como agente conservante sorbato de potássio visando aumentar a vida útil da preparação probiótica. A preparação, assim desenvolvida, foi submetida ao teste de estabilidade físico-químico por 90 dias a 50°C ± 2°C. Observou-se que o aspecto da preparação se manteve estável, mas com redução nos parâmetros pH, densidade e aumento na viscosidade. A manutenção da viabilidade dos Lactobacillus na preparação foi estudada em um ensaio de 120 dias, sendo avaliada a influência dos fatores: temperatura de estocagem, adição de sacarose e sorbato de potássio. Observou-se influência significativa da temperatura demonstrando a importância da refrigeração na manutenção na viabilidade dos Lactobacillus. Verificou-se também que, sob refrigeração, a adição de sacarose promoveu redução de 0,5 ciclo logarítmico em relação a população inicial de células viáveis. Observou-se redução do pH da preparação probiótica avaliada nestas condições. Estes resultados permitem concluir que a refrigeração da preparação é indispensável para a manutenção da viabilidade das bactérias probióticas. A adição de 2% de sacarose à preparação, mantida sob refrigeração, se mostrou eficiente na manutenção da população de células viáveis ao final de 120 dias de ensaio, contendo 108 UFC/g, característica desejável para um produto probiótico. Brazil is the world\'s fifth largest milk producer, though its productivity has been considered low. One of the reasons for this low productivity is the high incidence of mastitis in the herd. Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland, mainly caused by the invasion and action of pathogenic microorganisms. The treatment is accomplished through the use of intramammary application of antibiotics. However, the constant use of antibiotics has serious problems such as the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria and the presence of residues of these drugs in milk. To reduce these problems, alternative means of prevention and treatment of mastitis has been studied as the use of preparations containing probiotic species. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of some of these species in the treatment and prevention of bovine mastitis due to their inhibitory activity on pathogen species responsible for the infection. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the stability of probiotic preparation in the form of intramammary application emulsion containing 108 CFU/mL of five Lactobacillus strains (L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, L. casei ATCC 7469 L. fermentum ATCC 9338, ATCC 8014, L. plantarum and L. paracasei ST11 Nestle). Therefore, 12 basic emulsion formulations were developed and evaluated in preliminary tests for stability (thermal stress and centrifugation), and only one was selected. Additionally, potassium sorbate was selected as preservative in order to increase the shelf life of the preparation. The developed preparation was subjected to study the physicochemical stability for 90 days at 50 ° C ± 2 ° C. The results showed that the aspect of the preparation remained stable, but decreasing in pH and density and increasing in viscosity. The maintenance of the viability of the lactobacillus in the preparation was studied in a 120-day test, and flowing factors were considered: storage temperature, sucrose addition and the potassium sorbate addition. It was observed that there was significant differences in the temperature factor demonstrating the importance of cooling in maintaining the viability of Lactobacillus. It was also observed that sucrose decreased by 0,5 log cycle compared to initial population of viable cells in the refrigerated preparation. Regarding the pH, it was noted a decrease in the different formulations evaluated. These results show that the cooling of the preparation is indispensable for maintaining the viability of probiotic bacteria. The addition of 2% sucrose to the preparation proved efficient with a slower decrease in viability maintaining the population of viable cells at the end of the 120 days of the assay.

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Ryšávka, Petr. "Tvorba biofilmu u probiotických kultur a možnosti jeho využití ve farmacii." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438777.

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The work was comprehensively focused on the development of adhesive forms of probiotics in the form of a biofilm on combined carriers with a prebiotic component. The second part dealed with the influence of food on the multiplication and survival of selected types of probiotic bacteria. Subsequently, the effect of individualized probiotic supplements on changes in the human intestinal microbiome was monitored. Suitable adherent probiotic strains for biofilm formation were selected and tested. Methods have been introduced and different variants of carriers for culturing and binding bacteria have been tested. In vitro experiments verified the stability of biofilm stucture and its resistance to low pH, bile and antibiotics in comparison with the planktonic cell form. The antimicrobial effect of probiotic strains in the form of a biofilm was studied. The cultivation of the multispecies biofilm on the combined carrier was optimized and the stability of the biofilm and the final viability of probiotic bacteria were confirmed. Furthermore, the influence of various foods and beverages on the viability of probiotic bacteria was evaluated with emphasis on the simulation of passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Both models, solutions with standardised concentrations of alcohol, sugar, salts, proteins or different pH and different types of real foods and beverages were tested. The effect of food and beverages was tested on monocultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and on probiotic capsules containing a mixed culture of probiotic microorganisms. The survival of probiotics in various food matrices in the simulated gastrointestinal tract was quantitatively different. We managed to define foods suitable for supporting the multiplication of probiotic bacteria. A separate part of the work was focused on the targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiome by individualized probiotics that were prepared on the basis of molecular biological analyzes of the intestinal microbiome aimed at detecting the percentage of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Personalized probiotic supplementation confirmed the positive effect of this approach on microbiome changes, especially on the increase of the content of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and the overall diversity of the microbiome.

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Katiliūtė, Lina. "Prebiotikų ir probiotikų panaudojimas Lietuvoje gaminamuose pieno produktuose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070417_094418-55446.

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The aim of this work is to collect, analyze and summarize information about prebiotics and probiotics using in producible dairy products in Lithuania, about features and quality of their consumption, production and labeling marking. Prebiotics and probiotics are mostly inserting into dairy products because it results their vitality. In process of this work was done written consumers quiz, sensual analysis of dairy products with prebiotics and probiotics, analysis of requests of labeling marking of those products according valid legislation. On purpose to find out if consumers have enough information about prebiotics and probiotics was preparing the questionnaire. During the poll it was aimed if consumers use products with prebiotics and probiotics. 50 Lithuanian residents were investigated. The data of the poll showed that consumers know about prebiotics and probiotics but not large amount of residents use those products. It is the reason of the deficit of information.-According valid legislation was done sensual analysis of yogurts: were evaluated sensual characteristics of yogurts and sensual descriptive- profiled analysis. Was formed the group of 5 estimators to valuate following characteristics: design, consistency, savour and smell. And was found out the average. During the sensual descriptive- profiled analysis consumers excluded 7 characteristics: sweetness, acidity, consistency, homogeneity, intensity of smell, intensity of savour, residual taste. The average of... [to full text]

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Tėvelis, Giedrius. "Probiotinio preparato Baktocell® ir prebiotinio preparato Agrimos® poveikis viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesams bei jų produktyvumui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080628_104103-22530.

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1. Probiotinio Bactocell® preparato poveikyje bandymo pabaigoje paukščių svoris buvo 1% didesnis nei I kontrolinės grupės, o lesalų sąnaudos 1 kg priesvorio gauti buvo 4% mažesnės lyginant su I kontroline grupe; 2. Probiotinio Bactocell® + prebiotinio Agrimos® priedų poveikyje bandymo pabaigoje viščiukų broilerių svoris buvo 2% didesnis lyginant su I kontroline grupe, o lesalų sąnaudos 1 kg priesvorio gauti 3% mažesnės nei I kontrolinės grupės; 3. Preparatai Bactocell® ir Agrimos® paukščių išsaugojimui esminės įtakos neturėjo; 4. Preparatai Bactocell® ir Agrimos® liaukinio skrandžio (pars glandularis ventriculi), raumeninio skrandžio (pars muscularis ventriculi), dvylikapirštės žarnos (duodenum), aklųjų maišų (caecum), plonųjų žarnų paskutinio segmento (intestinum tenue), storosios žarnos (intestinum crassum) himusų pH esminės įtakos neturėjo; 5. Ženklus sausųjų medžiagų sumažėjimas iki 5,54% himusuose liaukinio skrandžio (pars glandularis ventriculi), raumeninio skrandžio (pars muscularis ventriculi), dvylikapirštės žarnos (duodenum), aklųjų maišų (caecum), plonųjų žarnų paskutinio segmento (intestinum tenue), storosios žarnos (intestinum crassum) nustatytas, naudojant preparatus Bactocell® + Agrimos® ; 6. Preparatų probiotinio Bactocell® ir probiotinio Bactocell® + prebiotinio Agrimos® poveikyje padidėjo– tiek bendra, tiek ir atskirų riebalų rūgščių koncentracija; 7. Naudojant probiotinį Bactocell® + prebiotinį Agrimos® preparatus amoniako kiekis viščiukų broilerių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] The objectives of this work is the analysis of effect of probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimos® on process digestive and on productivity of broiler chickens. 800 items of Cobb500 broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age were taken, for this research to be made. The birds were divided into 4 treatment groups. They were kept on deep litter, watered from stationary drinking - bowls. They were fed and allocated according to the recommendations of suppliers of broiler cross. Grown and slaughtered broilers were analyzed by evaluation of activity of fermentation, amount of dry substances, pH- level within the alimentary canal. Also, index of growth intensity, feed expenditures were registered. In addition, characteristics of meat of chicken legs and breast were examined on the background of sensual perception. After the research was undertaken, it was determined that after using probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimos® the feed expenditure decreased by 1-2 %, whereas, the daily weight increased by 2 – 4 %. level. The influence on the pH- level within the alimentary canal wasn't significant; the level of ammonia and dry substances tended to decrease. Whereas, activity of fermentation was registered as increased. It was determined, the probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimoss® treated seed meal hasn't any significant effect for the sensual perception of the meat.

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Páterová, Alena. "Obsah mléčných bakterií ve vybraných typech probiotických potravin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216612.

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Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that have, if ingested, a positive impact on human and animals health. The best known probiotics are the lactic acid bacteria, among them most commonly used are lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. For therapy the minimum daily consumption of at least 100 g of milk product with a minimum 1000000 of probiotic bacteria in 1 g or 1 ml is considered. In this work, several products that have declared on the label probiotic cultures have been selected. All products were analyzed for the number of lactic acid bacteria. Two media - MRS agar and skim milk agar Modified were used for cultivation. Cultivation proceeded at 37 °C for 48 hours under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Amount of live bacteria, which must be present in the product, indicates Ministry of Agriculture No. 77/2003 Coll.. Quantitative representation of lactic acid bacteria in all selected products comply with the requirements of legislation.

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Durrer, Katherine Elaine. "Impact of a Genetically Engineered Probiotic Therapy and IGF-1 Genomics in the PAHenu2 Mouse Model of PKU." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822730/.

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Absence of functional phenylalanine hydroxylase results in phenylketonuria (PKU). Viable treatments remain few, expensive and secondary conditions such as osteopenia occur in most PKU patients. Objective 1: Given the recently described roles of gut microbes to aid host digestion, an orally administered genetically engineered probiotic as the delivery vehicle for enzyme replacement therapy was created. The engineered probiotic, pHENOMMenal, produced phenylalanine ammonia lyase with significant production of trans-cinnamate (phenylalanine cleavage product) in vitro and resulted in a reduction of 515 μM in blood phenylalanine when fed to PKU animals for 14 days (from 2307µM ± 264µM to 1792µM ± 261µM, n = 6, P < 0.05). The control probiotic produced no change in blood phenylalanine. Thus, pHENOMMenal treatment in PKU mice demonstrated engineered microbes could compensate for a metabolic deficiency of the host. Objective 2: Evaluate the PAHenu2 mouse model of PKU for a genetic discrepancy causing ocular enlargement and delayed development observed only after the PAHenu2 mutation was crossed to the C57BL/6J mouse. When compared to healthy littermates, ELISA indicated a consistent but insignificant decrease in plasma IGF-1 and an increase in ocular IGF-1 in PKU animals. SNP screening demonstrated a differential inheritance of IGF-1 alleles in healthy and PKU animals based on PAH allele inheritance. Ocular and developmental phenotypes in the PAHenu2 colony match those described in previous IGF-1 studies. Understanding the IGF-1 inheritance discrepancy will enable better osteopenia research using PAHenu2 mice and allow breeding of a healthier mouse colony for continued research. Collectively the results from this work describe a new therapeutic approach for treatment of PKU as well as a better understanding of the PAHenu2 mouse model to study this disease.

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Zschüttig, Anke. "Escherichia coli als probiotischer Wirkstoff von Arzneimitteln - Molekulare und funktionelle Charakterisierung gesundheitsfördernder Stämme." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-92646.

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Aus E. coli bestehende probiotische Produkte wie Mutaflor (Ardeypharm, Herdecke) und Symbioflor 2 (SymbioPharm, Herborn) werden seit Jahrzehnten erfolgreich für die Behandlung gastroenterologischer Erkrankungen verwendet. Die Probiotika gelten aufgrund der langjährigen Erfahrung als sicher. Seit ca. 20 Jahren werden zunehmend Studien ins Leben gerufen, welche sowohl die Wirkung der Produkte klinisch bestätigen als auch die bisher unbekannten Wirkmechanismen aufklären sollen. Das in Mutaflor enthaltene Bakterium E. coli Nissle 1917 wurde bereits erfolgversprechend in klinischen Studien zur Remissionserhaltung bei Colitis ulcerosa getestet und wird seither als therapeutische Alternative zur Standardmedikation eingesetzt. Auch die Wirkung von Symbioflor 2 bei Erwachsenen und Kindern mit Reizdarmsyndrom konnte in ersten klinischen Studien belegt werden. Es gibt bereits zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten mit E. coli Nissle 1917, die sich mit der molekularen Charakterisierung des Stamms befassen. Auch das Genom des Stamms wurde sequenziert. Dennoch fehlen schlüssige Argumente, welche Gene, Genprodukte und molekularen Mechanismen den probiotischen Effekt von EcN bewirken. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde nun das Produkt Symbioflor 2 näher untersucht. Es besteht aus den sechs E. coli-Genomotypen G1/2, G3/10, G4/9, G5, G6/7 und G8, die ursprünglich aus dem Habitat eines Spenders isoliert wurden. Alle sechs Genome inklusive der insgesamt zwölf natürlich enthaltenen Plasmide wurden sequenziert, annotiert und manuell nachbearbeitet. Die sechs E. coli-Genomotypen repräsentieren zusammen das im Produkt Symbioflor 2 enthaltene Pangenom. Somit konnten genomisch kodierte Virulenz- und Fitnessfaktoren analysiert werden. Ein Vergleich mit einer Vielzahl anderer bisher sequenzierter E. coli ermöglichte eine Einordnung der Symbioflor 2 E. coli in das Cluster der apathogenen E. coli. Unter Verwendung eines in vitro Testsystems mit humanen intestinalen Epithelzellen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die probiotischen Stämme E. coli Nissle 1917 und E. coli G3/10 im Gegensatz zu Kontrollstämmen die Adhärenz enteropathogener E. coli signifikant hemmen. In weiteren Versuchen konnten dann kleine ribosomal synthetisierte und antibakteriell wirksame Moleküle, in EcN die Mikrozine M und H47, für diesen Effekt verantwortlich gemacht werden. In der Folge wurde auch in E. coli G3/10 ein neues, bisher unbeschriebenes Mikrozin detektiert, welches Mikrozin S genannt wird. Zudem konnten vier Gene auf dem Plasmid pSYM1 lokalisiert werden, die unterschiedliche Funktionen bei der Produktion von Mikrozin S haben. Zwei der Gene kodieren am Transport beteiligte Proteine. Ein kleiner Leserahmen konnte als das Mikrozin S-kodierende Gen mcsS identifiziert werden. Ein weiteres Gen vermittelt eine Immunität gegenüber Mikrozin S. Seine Expression in einem zuvor sensitiven Stamm macht diesen resistent gegenüber der Wirkung von Mikrozin S. Erst im September 2011 erfolgte ein erster Eintrag in die NCBI-Datenbank, in dem die Gensequenz von mcsS plasmidkodiert in einer Shigelle annotiert als hypothetisches Protein aufgeführt ist. Dem Gen wurde keine Funktion zugewiesen. Wird die Expression von mcsS in dem E. coli-Laborstamm MDS42 in Abwesenheit eines Immunitätsproteins induziert, wirkt das Peptid toxisch auf die bakteriellen Zellen. Mikrozin S kann zudem anhand seiner Aminosäuresequenz und der genetischen Organisation in die Mikrozine-Klasse IIa eingeordnet werden. Mikrozine können vielfältig verwendet werden, haben jedoch im Vergleich zu Bakteriozinen Gram-positiver Bakterien bisher zu wenig Beachtung gefunden. Anwendungsmöglichkeiten liegen in der Lebensmittelindustrie, der Human- und Veterinärmedizin, wo Mikrozin S nah verwandte Gram-negative Bakterien im Wachstum hemmen bzw. abtöten könnte. Zum Beispiel wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Wirkung von E. coli Nissle 1917 und E. coli G3/10 auf enterohämorrhagische E. coli in vitro getestet. Es wird gezeigt, dass das von E. coli G3/10 gebildete Mikrozin S eine Adhärenzminderung aller verwendeten EHEC-Stämme an humane intestinale Epithelzellen vermittelt. Da EcN nur einen der vier getesteten EHEC-Stämme inhibiert, wurden Untersuchungen begonnen, die die Ursache dafür thematisieren. Die in dieser Arbeit generierten Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für weitere Studien zu den in dem Produkt Symbioflor 2 enthaltenen E. coli. Zudem können umfangreiche Analysen von Mikrozin S, wie die Reinigung des Proteins, seine Produktion in großem Maßstab und die Testung von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten fortgeführt werden.

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Vyskočilová, Terezie. "Enkapsulace vybraných přírodních extraktů pro využití v potravinářství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217067.

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This diploma thesis deals with encapsulation of natural extracts. In the theoretical part the methods of encapsulation, materials for particle preparation, as well as application of encapsulation techniques in food industry were described. In experimental part selected natural extracts of propolis, green barley and probiotics were characterized. There substances were encapsulated into alginate and chitosan. In the total of 25 types of prepared particles long-term stability in some model physiological conditions as well as in four different model foods was evaluated. Additionally, stability of selected particles in several real milk-based products was followed too. The stability of particles was determined spectroptohometrically. In natural extract a content of polyphenols, proteins, chlorophylls, as well as total antioxidant activity were analysed. To analysis of probiotics optical and fluorescence microscopy were used. In propolis and green barley antimicrobial activity was tested too. Moreover, in the sample of propolis also cytotoxic assay was applied. Agar-chitosan was chosen as the best shell material for propolis due to its optimal stability in model physiological conditions as well as model foods. Liposomes were evaluated as unstable and were not recommended for further application. As the suitable shell material for powdered green barley starch-alginate (rate 1:4) and agar-chitosan were proposed, while the second one showed better stability for released proteins. Agar-chitosan shell material was usable for fresh green barley too. For probiotics encapsulation alginate or alginate-starch were chosen because of their porosity and possibility of nutrients diffusion. In real foods the best results were reached with application of probiotic particles into milk. Coencapsulation of powdered barley and probiotics did not confirm inhibition of culture growth. Neither the antimicrobial effect of propolis and barley nor the cytotoxic effect of propolis were confirmed.

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Persson, Viktoria, and Anna-Maria Enroth. "Kunskap och tillämpning av Functional food i det kariespreventiva arbetet inom tandvården : En enkätstudie." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Oral hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27056.

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Bakgrund: Ett lämpligt näringsintag är viktigt för främjandet och bevarandet av både den allmänna och orala hälsan. Karies är en multifaktoriell sjukdom där kosten har en betydelsefull roll. Kosten kan bidra till både kariesförekomst och kariesprevention. Functional food definieras som ”livsmedel som ger hälsovinster utöver basnutritionen” och ”livsmedel som har en eller flera tillsatser som modifierats för att bidra till en hälsosam kosthållning”. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga kunskapsnivån och tillämpningen av information till patienterna om Functional food i det kariesförebyggande arbetet inom Folktandvården, Landstinget Kronoberg. Metod: Enkätstudiens urval bestod av tandläkare, tandhygienister och tandsköterskor, totalt 106 deltagare, från 17 olika Folktandvårdskliniker tillhörande allmäntandvården i Landstinget Kronoberg. Enkäten bestod av 24 frågor som bedömdes enligt ett graderat poängsättningssystem. Resultatet redovisades deskriptivt med hjälp av tabeller och diagram. Statistiska analyser utfördes med hjälp chitvåtest. Resultat: Majoriteten av deltagarna kategoriserades i grupperna: låg kunskapsnivå samt låg till medelhög tillämpningsnivå av Functional food i det kariesförebyggande arbetet. Merparten av deltagarna hade ett stort intresse av att få ytterligare kunskap. Slutsats: Tandvårdspersonalen önskade mer kunskap om Functional food för en ökad tillämpning i patientarbetet, givet att vetenskaplig evidens uppnås. Background: An adequate nutrition is essential for the promotion and maintenance of the general and oral health. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease in which diet is a important factor. Functional foods are defined as "foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition" and "foods that has one or more additives, modified to contribute to a healthy diet". Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the level of knowledge and application regarding information to patients about Functional food in caries prevention work in Public dental services, County Council of Kronoberg. Method: The survey included 106 participants consisted of dentists, dental hygienists and dental nurses from 17 different Public dental services. The survey consisted of 24 questions. The results were presented descriptive, with tables and charts, as well as statistically analyzes using chi-square tests. Results: The majority of participants were categorized into the groups: low level of knowledge and medium or low application level of Functional food in the caries prevention work. Most of the participants had a great interest in obtaining additional knowledge. Conclusion: Dental professionals would like to get more knowledge about Functional food for an increased application in patient care, provided that scientific evidence is obtained.

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Viadanna, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira. "Uso de imunoestimulante Saccharomyces cerevesiae em peixes da espécie Cyprinus carpio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-23052013-141853/.

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O aquarismo é uma atividade mundialmente difundida e um segmento extremamente grande da indústria de animais de estimação. O Brasil, em 2007, exportou o valor de US$ 5.871.576,73 em peixes. Devido à biologia dos peixes, todo seu manejo pode desencadear uma resposta fisiológica de estresse, que, dependendo da duração, tipo e espécie de manejo leva a uma resposta imunossupressora, que pode acarretar doença e morte aguda e consequentemente grande prejuízo à produção desses animais. O uso de imunoestimulantes, como suplementação dietética pode prover defesa inata e resistência a patógenos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de mananoligossacarídeo de levedo de cerveja (Saccharomyces cerevesiae), como imunoestimulante adicionado à ração oferecida a peixes da espécie Cyprinus carpio durante 45 dias. Para avaliar a imunidade dos peixes, foram feitas avaliações hematológicas periódicas e, no final do período determinado, os peixes foram desafiados imunologicamente com estresse e infectados com Aeromonas hydrophila. As carpas do grupo controle tiveram uma taxa de crescimento de 0,05 g/dia, conversão alimentar de 14,09 e eficiência protéica de 0,25, enquanto o grupo imunoestimulado obteve a taxa de crescimento de 0,11g/dia, conversão alimentar de 6,15 e eficiência protéica de 0,57. Não houve diferença estatística entre o resultado da hematologia dos animais do grupo controle e do grupo imunoestimulado. Dos animais infectados experimentalmente, 88% morreram em menos de 24 horas por choque endotóxico e, no exame post mortem, não houve diferença entre os grupos. A carpa que recebeu alimentação controle e foi infectada teve anemia macrocítica normocrômica, trombocitopenia, linfopenia, monocitose e aumento do número de CGE. A carpa que recebeu alimentação com MOS, foi infectada e sobreviveu, não apresentou alteração nos parâmetros hematológicos. A ração com MOS foi zootecnicamente melhor para a nutrição das carpas. Com base na taxa de sobrevivência e na avaliação hematológica, não há como responder se a ração suplementada com MOS foi imunologicamente melhor do que a ração controle. The aquarium hobby is an activity wordwide spread and a segment extremely large of the pet industry. Brazil, in 2007, exported an amount of US$ 5.871.576,73 of fishes. Due to the biology of the fishes, all its management can trigger a physiological response leading to stress, that depending on the duration, type and specie, can conclude in immunosuppressive response, leading to disease and acute death, creating a great prejudice. The use of immunostimulants, as dietary supplementation may provide an innate defense against pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using mannan oligosaccharide of brewer yeast (Saccharomyces cerevesiae) as immunostimulants added to the feed for koi fishes (Cyprinus carpio) during 45 days. To evaluate the immunity of the fishes, periodic hematologic evaluations were made and at the end of the determined period, the fishes were immunologically challenged with stress and inoculation with Aeromonas hydrophila. The control group had a growth rate of 0,05g/day, feed conversion of 14,09 and protein efficiency ratio of 0,25, while the treatment group had growth rate of 0,11g/day, feed conversion of 6,15 and protein efficiency ratio of 0,57. The hematological results showed no statistical difference between the control group and immunostimulant group according. Analyzing the experimental infected animals, 88% died within 24 hours, due to endotoxic shock, and in the post mortem examination, there were no difference between groups. The koi that received control feed and it was infected had macrocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, monocytosis and increased of special granulocytic cells. The koi that received the MOS feed, was infected with A. hydrophila and survived, had no alteration on haematological parameters. The feed with MOS was zootechnical better than the control feed to carps. Based on the rate of survival and hematology, there are no possibility of answering if supplemented feed with MOS was immunologic better than control feed.

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Carlie, Katarina. "Spädbarns tarmflora & probiotikas effekt vid kolik : Kan skillnader i spädbarns tarmflora förklara kolik och är probiotika en effektiv behandling vid kolik?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46794.

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Ett av fem spädbarn drabbas av kolik under första tre levnadsmånaderna. I övrigt friska spädbarn skriker, gråter och är otröstbara minst tre timmar i sträck per dag mer än tre dagar i veckan. Trots att kolik är ett vanligt förekommande problem för både spädbarn och föräldrar finns det idag ingen effektiv behandling. Etiologin är oklar men rökning och mental ohälsa hos modern prepartum, födoämnesallergi och ett outvecklat magtarmsystem hos spädbarnet tros vara några bidragande faktorer. Denna litteraturstudie granskar åtta artiklar för att dels undersöka skillnaderna i tarmfloran mellan spädbarn med och utan kolik, om skillnaderna kan förklara kolik samt probiotikas effekt vid kolik. Granskade studier visar att förekomsten av Proteobacteria, koliforma bakterier och Escherichia coli är högre hos spädbarn med kolik. Till skillnad från spädbarn utan kolik uppvisar kolikbarn en mindre bakteriell mångfald, mindre kolonisation av Bacteroidetes och de gynnsamma bakteriesläkterna Lactobacillus och Bifidobacterium. Hos ammade kolikbarn som behandlades med den probiotiska bakteriestammen Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 erhölls i två av tre studier god effekt av probiotika utan några biverkningar där gråttiden reducerats till mer än hälften. Resultatet varierar geografiskt och evidensen kring probiotikas effekt hos flaskmatade spädbarn med kolik är fortfarande bristfällig. Det är oklart om en förändrad tarmflora kan orsaka kolik eller är ett resultat av koliken då tarmfloran är mycket komplex och fler studier inom området behövs. One out of five infants suffer from colic during the first three months of life. Otherwise healthy infants suffer from severe crying and are unable to be comforted during at least three consecutive hours per day for more than three days a week. Although colic is a common problem for both babies and parents, there is currently no effective treatment. The etiology is unclear, but smoking and prepartum maternal mental illness, allergies to foods and an undeveloped gastrointestinal system in infants are believed to be contributing factors. This study reviews eight articles that examine the differences in intestinal flora between infants with and without colic, to see if the differences can explain colic and probiotic effect in colicky infants. Reviewed studies show that the prevalence of Proteobacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli is higher in infants with colic. Unlike infants without colic, colicky infants exhibit a minor bacterial diversity, reduced colonization of Bacteroidetes and the beneficial bacterial genus of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Breastfed colicky infants treated with the probiotic bacterial strain, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, obtained, in two out of three studies, a positive effect on colic symtoms without any side effects, where the crying time was reduced to less than half. Results vary geographically and evidence for a probiotic effect on bottle-fed infants with colic is still inadequate. It remains unclear whether an altered intestinal flora can cause colic or is a result of colic as the intestinal flora is very complex and more studies are needed in this area.

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Semaškaitė, Agila. "Probiotikų, prebiotikų ir fermentų įtaka žiurkių ir viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesams bei viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20081020_091651-71122.

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Darbo tikslas - nustatyti probiotikų, gautų iš pieno rūgšties bakterijų kamieno Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18 5 M, prebiotikų fruktooligosacharidų ir nekrakmolinius polisacharidus skaldančių fermentų įtaką žiurkių ir viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesams, viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui ir mėsos juslinėms savybėms. Darbo metu atlikti moksliniai eksperimentai siekiant palyginti skirtingų vienkamerinių gyvūnų – žiurkių ir viščiukų broilerių virškinimo procesų kitimą šeriant ir lesinant juos probiotikų, prebiotikų, NKP skaldančių fermentų ir jų kombinacijų priedais. Šiame darbe atlikti išsamūs moksliniai tyrimai, kurių metu pagal vienodas bandymų schemas vykdyti eksperimentai su laboratoriniais gyvūnais (žiurkėmis) ir viščiukais broileriais. Vykdyti palyginamieji tyrimai, kurie gali būti naudojami kaip modelis tiriant naujus pašarų priedus. Pirmą kartą ištirta probiotikų, prebiotikų ir NKP skaldančių fermentų įtaka žiurkių ir viščiukų broilerių aklosios žarnos chimuso bakterinių fermentų, apsprendžiančių kancerogeninių metabolitų susidarymą, aktyvumams ir viščiukų broilerių mėsos juslinėms savybėms. Be to, nustatyta šių zootechninių pašarų priedų įtaka viščiukų broilerių produktyvumui ir jų fiziologinei būklei. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of probiotics lactic acid bacteria, produced from strain Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18 5 M, prebiotics fructooligosaccharides and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) hydrolyzing enzymes on digestive processes of rats and broiler chickens, productivity and sensory attributes of the meat of broiler chickens. Three studies to determine the digestive processes of two different species of monogastric animals such as rats and broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) hydrolyzing enzymes were performed. The studies with laboratory animals (rats) and broiler chickens were performed according to the same experimental scheme. The comparable studies, which can be used as model for analysis of new zootechnical feed additives, were performed for the first time. The effect of probiotics, prebiotics and NSP hydrolyzing enzymes on activity of caecal chymus bacterial enzymes, which might play a role in activation of procarcinogens in large intestine of rats and broiler chickens were determined for the first time. Due to production of health, safe and high quality poultry products, the effects of these zootechnical feed additives on sensory attributes of the meat of broiler chickens were determined for the first time.

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Tamulienė, Renata. "Probiotoko Yeasture poveikis penimų kiaulių produktyvumui ir mėsos kokybei Probiotoko Yeasture poveikis penimų kiaulių produktyvumui ir mėsos kokybei Probiotoko Yeasture poveikis penimų kiaulių produktyvumui ir mėsos kokybei." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080319_131344-08848.

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Pastaraisiais metais, siekiant geriau panaudoti kiaulių genetinį potencialą, mažinti pašarų sąnaudas ir kiaulienos savikainą, apsaugoti nuo kai kurių virškinimo trakto ligų, pradėti naudoti biologiškai aktyvių medžiagų pašarų priedai. Vis plačiau naudojami mikrobinės kilmės produktai – probiotikai – jie normalizuoja žarnyno veiklą, gerina pašarų maistinę vertę, gerina pašaro maistingųjų dalių pasisavinimą ir didina gyvulių produktyvumą. Darbo tikslas. Ištirti probiotiko Yeasture kombinuotuosiuose pašaruose įtaką penimų kiaulių augimui, pa��arų sąnaudoms ir mėsos fizinėms savybėms. Tyrimo metodika. Eksperimentinis darbas buvo atliktas Jono Juodžio vadovaujamoje UAB „Dainavos kiaulių veislynas“ kiaulių fermoje. Bandymo metu analogų principu buvo sudarytos dvi penimų kiaulių grupės – I (kontrolinė) ir II (bandomoji). Bandomosios grupės kiaulės buvo šeriamos visaverčiais kombinuotaisiais pašarais su probiotiku Yeasture, kuris buvo įmaišomas į kombinuotąjį pašarą, o kontrolinė grupė su kombinuotaisiais pašarais be probiotiko. Masės prieaugiui nustatyti kiaulės buvo sveriamos. Bandymo pabaigoje kiaulės buvo skerdžiamos ir paimti mėginiai mėsos kokybiniams rodikliams nustatyti. Mėginiai tyrimams buvo paimti iš ilgiausiojo nugaros raumens (musculus longissimus dorsi) tarpe 12 ir paskutiniojo šonkaulio. Mėsos kokybės rodikliai buvo nustatinėjami „Gyvulių mėsinių savybių ir mėsos kokybės vertinimo“ laboratorijoje. Tyrimo rezultatai. Per visą bandymo laikotarpį tiriamųjų gyvulių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] The object of the work: To analyze the influence of the probiotic. Yeasture in combinet fodder on the growth of porkers, the fodder expenditure and physical characteristics of meat. The following tasks were set to perform the work: 1. to evaluate the speed or porker growth by using the ration of different structure; 2. to evaluate the fodder expenditure in kg necessary to gain 1kg increase in weight; 3. to analyze the physical characteristics of meat; 4. to calculate the economic efficiency . Research methods: On the basis of analogues, 2 porker groups (control and experimental) were formed. Porkers from the control group were foddered with a full-valued combined fodder without probiotic, and the probiotic Yeasture was mixed in the fodder for experimental group on the ratio 1 kg:ton. Porkers were weighed three times during the whole experimental period, and the average increase in weight within twenty-four hours was calculated. In all weighing, increases in weight within twenty-four hours were statistically reliably greater in the experimental group of porkers – by 15 per cent. Fodder expenditure in kg necessary to gain 1 kg increase in weight was considerably greater in the experimental group of porkers (4.1 kg-3,1 kg). Here data were also reliable (p < 0,001). The economic efficiency was calculated that has showed the positive influence of probiotic on raising the porkers. The probiotic Yeasture was economically efficient (expenditure necessary to produce a production unit... [to full text]

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Olberkienė, Gintarė. "Probiotikų YEASTURE ir MICROBOND įtaka avių prieauglio produktyvumui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050705_133255-20751.

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Two groups of 5 and two groups of 9 Romanov breed hogs in each were performed at Pranas Gaidamavičius breeding herd at 90 days of age. All hogs were fed by the growing scheme what was used at the herd; probiotics were mixed into the four age for the test hogs: 2 kg/t of probiotics YEASTURE and MICROBOND. Wool production was evaluated, clipped wool weight, at age of 5 month. The results showed, that probiotics MICROBOND and YEASTURE activates the growth speed of hogs. The most growth of performance was with hogs fed with YEASTURE probiotics. During the test period, overweight of hogs from the test group was 14,29 percent higher than from analogues of the control group (p>0,05). Probiotics MICROBOND increased growth performance too. Overweight of hogs from the test group was 12,59 percent higher than from analogues of the control group (p<0,05). Wool production tests shows, that during test period, the average of wool overweight of the test group, fed with probiotics MICROBOND, was 0,5 percent higher than from analogues of the control group. And the same tests with the test group, fed with probiotics YEASTURE, shows that the average of wool overweight of the test group was 10 percent higher than from analogues of the control group. During the test period usage of probiotics YEASTURE and MICROBOND didn‘t had negative influence on hog‘s physiological rules and wellness. The usage of probiotics in hog’s nutrition is purposeful and effective hogs, which were fed with probiotics... [to full text]

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Bakšenskaitė, Rasa. "Preparatų BACTOCELL ir AGRIMOS įtaka lipidų kiekio pokyčiams putpelių (Coturnix coturnix japonica) organizme." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_174244-50615.

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Savo darbe tyrėme probiotinio preparato BACTOCELLR ir prebiotinio preparato AGRIMOSR įtaką lipidų kiekio pokyčiams japoninių putpelių (Coturnix coturnix japonica) organizme. Bandymo eigoje buvo tiriami šie rodikliai: bendrųjų lipidų kiekis kraujo serume, trigliceridų kiekis kraujo serume, cholesterolio kiekis kraujo serume, lipidų kiekis raumeniniame skrandyje, lipidų kiekis kepenyse, lipidų kiekis kiaušinio trynyje, vitamino A kiekis kiaušinio trynyje, trynio masė, kiaušinio masė. Atlikus eksperimentą ir išanalizavus tyrimų duomenis nustatyta, kad probiotinio preparato Bactocell ir prebiotinio preparato Agrimos įtakoje: bendrųjų lipidų kiekis kraujo serume bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 11,40 % iki 15,41 %, trigliceridų kiekis kraujo serume bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 1,25 % iki 8,05 %, cholesterolio kiekis kraujo serume bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai mažėjo nuo 2,35 % iki 3,08 %, lipidų kiekis raumeniniame skrandyje bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 16,67 % iki 33,33 %, lipidų kiekis kepenyse bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 14,29 % iki 33,33 %, lipidų kiekis kiaušinių tryniuose bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 7,11 % iki 14,29 %, vitamino A kiekis kiaušinio trynyje bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 8,51 % iki 14,89 %, trynio masė bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 12,93 % iki 20,11 %, kiaušinio masė bandomosiose grupėse vidutiniškai didėjo nuo 3,73 % iki 11,45 %, lyginant su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] We investigated and presented in this paper the influence of probiotic preparation BACTOCELLR and prebiotic preparation AGRIMOSR on the lipid quantity changes in the organisms of Japanese quails. During the experiment the following readings were examined: the total lipid quantity in the blood serum, the quantity of triglicerids in the blood serum, the quantity of cholesterol in blood serum, the quantity of lipids in the muscular stomach, the quantity of lipids in the liver, the quantity of lipids in egg yolk, the quantity of vitamin A in the egg yolk, egg yolk weight, and egg weight. After the experiment and data analysis we discovered that under the influence of probiotic preparation BACTOCELLR and prebiotic preparation AGRIMOSR, in comparison with the check-group, the total quantity of lipids in the blood serum of experimental groups raised from 11,40 % to 15,41 %; the quantity of triglicerids in the blood serum of experimental groups raised from 1,25 % to 8,05 %; the quantity of cholesterol in the blood serum of experimental groups fell from 2,35 % to 3,08 %; the quantity of lipids in the muscular stomach of experimental groups raised from 16,67 % to 33,33 %, the quantity of lipids in the liver of experimental groups fell from 14,29 % to 33,33 %, the quantity of lipids in the egg yolk of experimental groups raised from 7,11 % to 14,29 %; the quantity of vitamin A in the egg yolk of experimental groups raised from 8,51 % to 14,89 %, the yolk weight of experimental groups... [to full text]

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López, Cabanillas Lomelí Manuel. "Incorporación de Bacillus coagulans a productos derivados de cereales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457965.

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El papel de la dieta en el ser humano es el proporcionar suficientes nutrientes para satisfacer las necesidades metabólicas, además de brindar una sensación de satisfacción y bienestar. Hoy en día se sabe que los alimentos que consumimos juegan un papel importante en la modulación de diversas funciones fisiológicas de nuestro organismo. Las personas actualmente se preocupan más por los alimentos que consumen y sus beneficios a la salud que producen, por lo que gracias al avance del conocimiento sobre los que los alimentos pueden aportar, surgen los alimentos funcionales donde una de las categorías con mayor demanda y aceptación son los productos que contienen microorganismos beneficios a la salud, denominados alimentos con probióticos. La mayoría de los alimentos con probióticos se encuentran en el sector de lácteos, pero existe un segmento importante de la población que no los consume, por lo que el desarrollo de productos derivados de cereales con probióticos puede ser una alternativa para ellos. El objetivo de la investigación fue probar la factibilidad de la incorporación de microorganismos probióticos, específicamente Bacillus coagulans (Ganeden®) a una barra de cereal rellena de fruta y a una galleta de avena, y evaluar la sobrevivencia en condiciones de vida de anaquel. Se realizó una caracterización de la cepa de B. coagulans (Ganeden®) mediante pruebas: microbiológicas básicas, de funcionalidad, de inocuidad y de identificación molecular, posteriormente se analizaron los flujos de elaboración a nivel industrial de los productos para determinar la forma de incorporación de los microorganismos probióticos. Posterior al proceso tecnológico se evaluó en las diferentes fases de elaboración de los productos (ingredientes secos, masa, masa fermentada y producto terminado) la sobrevivencia del B. coagulans incorporado, La sobrevivencia en la vida de anaquel en seis meses almacenados a temperatura ambiente y bajo condiciones de abuso de temperatura también fueron evaluadas. En la presente investigación se comprobó la pureza, las características funcionales y de inocuidad del microorganismo utilizado B. coagulans (Ganeden®), así mismo se realizó una identificación con métodos moleculares hasta el nivel de especie, lo que da certeza del consumo en el caso de que el desarrollo llegara al mercado. De los productos a los que se les incorporó el microorganismo probiótico en esta investigación, la galleta de avena presentó mejor sobrevivencia, ya que no se observa reducción en el contenido de microorganismos en los 6 meses estudiados, mientras que la barra de cereal con relleno de fruta presentó una reducción de medio ciclo logarítmico en el mismo tiempo, por lo que se considera que es factible en un futuro el poder escalar de forma industrial el proceso estudiado y poner a disposición del consumidor una nueva opción de productos derivados de cereales con probióticos. The role of diet in humans is to provide enough nutrients to satisfied metabolic needs, in addition to provide a sense of satisfaction and well-being. Today we know that the food we eat plays an important role in modulating physiological functions of our body. People nowadays are more concerned with the foods they eat and their health benefits, so thanks to the advance of the knowledge that food can provide functional foods arise where one of the categories with the highest demand and acceptance are products containing microorganisms with health benefits, called food with probiotics. Most probiotic foods are in the dairy sector, but there is a large segment of the population that does not consume them, so the development of probiotic-based cereal products may be an alternative for them. The objective of the research was to test the feasibility of incorporating probiotic microorganisms, specifically Bacillus coagulans (Ganeden®) into a fruit-filled cereal bar and an oatmeal cookie, and to evaluate survival in shelf-life conditions. A characterization of the B. coagulans strain (Ganeden ®) was carried out through basic microbiological, functional, safety and molecular identification tests, followed by an analysis of the industrial processing flows of the products to determine the way of incorporation of probiotic microorganisms. Subsequent to the technological process, the survival of B. coagulans was evaluated in the different stages of product processing (dry ingredients, dough, fermented dough and finished product). The survival during its shelf life during six months stored at room temperature and under conditions of temperature abuse were also evaluated. In the present investigation, the purity, functional and safety characteristics of the microorganism used B. coagulans (Ganeden®) were verified, as well as an identification with molecular methods up to the species level, which gives certainty of the consumption in the case this development reach to the market. Of the products to which the probiotic microorganism was incorporated in this research, the oat cracker presented better survival, since there was no reduction in the content of microorganisms in the 6 months studied, while the cereal bar filled with fruit presented a reduction of half log cycle at the same time, so it’s considered that in the future may be feasible to scale the process in an industrial way and to make available to the consumer a new choice of products derived from cereals with probiotics.

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Romanovská, Denisa. "Identifikace mikroorganismů v kosmetických výrobcích s obsahem probiotik." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295691.

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Probiotics products are an integral part of the current market. Products containing probiotics cultures are also cosmetic products. The first part of the study focuses on testing of bacterial survival abilities in the environment of preservatives presented in cosmetic products. Collection strains of genus Lactobacillus were used for these tests. Another part of the study focuses on isolation of bacterial DNA from probiotic cosmetic products Ryor, Yoghurt of Bulgaria, FeminaMed and Lactovit Activit in PCR-ready quality. DNA was isolated by fenol extraction and with magnetic particles. Presence of bacteria was proved by genus and species specific PCRs Lactobacillus. Species specific PCR for identification of Lactobacillus pentosus was optimalized. Species identification was in accord with data declared by producers.

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Thantsha, Mapitsi Silvester. "Cell immobilization techniques for the preservation of probiotics." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01282008-105551.

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Donthidi, Amarender Reddy. "Encapsulation of probiotics." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.688270.

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Ovarienė, Dovilė. "Probiotiko probio - active įtaka melžiamų karvių produktyvumui ir sveikatingumui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140519_092447-56528.

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Darbo tikslas: ištirti probiotikų įtaką melžiamų karvių produktyvumui, produkcijos rodikliams ir sveikatingumui. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti probiotiko Probio - active įtaką melžiamų karvių pieno primilžiui ir pieno rodikliams. 2. Įvertinti probiotiko įtaką melžiamų karvių kraujo morfologiniams rodikliams. 3. Įvertinti probiotiko įtaką melžiamų karvių didžiojo prieskrandžio fermentaciniams procesams. Tyrimo metodika: tyrimas buvo atliekamas kooperatinėje bendrovėje „Blauzdžių agroservisas“, 2013 metų birželio – spalio mėnesiais. Bandymo metu buvo suformuotos dvi grupės melžiamų karvių: kontrolinė ir bandomoji, po 115 Lietuvos juodmargių veislės melžiamų 2-5 laktacijos karvių kiekvienoje. Kontrolinėje ir bandomojoje grupėse karvės buvo paskirstytos vienodai, atsižvelgiant į jų laktacijų skaičių ir veršiavimosi laiką. Bandomosios grupės karvės su įprastiniu racionu papildomai gavo probiotiko. Į kiekvienos bandomosios grupės karvių kombinuotuosius pašarus, kiekvieną šėrimo dieną individualiai, buvo įmaišoma po 150 ml probiotiko. Bandymas vyko nuo 60-os iki 120-os karvių laktacijos dienos ir truko 60 dienų. Pirmas 30 dienų bandymas vyko tvartiniu laikotarpiu, o paskutines 30 dienų – ganykliniu laikotarpiu . Bandymo metu buvo naudotas probiotikas Probio - active, įmaišytas į racioną normuojant po 150 ml kiekvienai karvei, normą padalinant į dvi dalis ir sušeriant paros laike per du šėrimus. Tyrimo metu mėginiai pieno tyrimams buvo imami bandymo pradžioje, praėjus 60 d., 90 ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] Aim: to research the effects of probiotics on dairy cows’ productivity, productions values and the overall health. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the effects Probio – active probiotics toward dairy cows’ yield and milk index. 2. To evaluate the effects of probiotics on dairy cows morphological blood indexes. 3. To evaluate the effects of probiotics to the rumens fermentation processes on dairy cows. Methodology of the research: the research was carried out at the cooperative company “Blauzdžių Agroservisas” 2013 June - October. During the research two similar groups of dairy cows were created: the control group and experimental group. The groups were made out of 115 Lithuanian Black and White breed dairy cows in their 2-5 lactation stages each. Cows were considered and maintained under the same conditions. For the experimental group cows with normal diet each day in addition received 150 ml of a probiotic. The study samples of milk were taken for research at the beginning of the test after 60 days, 90 and 120 days, from the start. Haematological tests of dairy cows blood samples were taken at the beginning and the end. The rumen contents - at the beginning and after a two-month test. Results: during the research it was determined that the cows which received probiotics yielded 4.4 percent (p>0.05) more milk opposed to the ones that did not receive probiotics. It was also detriment that the use of probiotics have an effect on the quality indexes (protein, fat), and have... [to full text]

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Vajglová, Klára. "Vliv různých potravin na viabilitu a růst probiotických bakterií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295711.

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The goal of this work was a study the influence of food and beverages on the viability and growth of probiotic bacteria. The influence of food and beverages was tested on monocultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and mixed culture of probiotic microorganisms. In the experimental part, probiotic cultures were incubated in selected foods and beverages. After that they were tested in a model conditions of digestive tract. In some probiotic cultures, growth of viable cells during incubation in the digestive tract was observed. The increase of probiotic cells was showed predominantly in foods that contained higher levels of sugars and fats or a suitable combination. Their increase was up to four times in some cases. Based on the results, mixed probiotic cultures aren’t surprisingly exhibited better survival and maintain sufficient amount of viable cells even during the digestive process. Moreover, probiotic microorganisms could be recommended to consumption during meals better than just with a beverage.

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Toft, Ingfeldt Camilla, and Gunilla Holmén. "Probiotika i små barns kost." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4685.

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Probiotika, nyttiga bakterier som är välgörande för människan, förekommer allt mer i olika produkter riktade till små barn – alltifrån droppar och kapslar till modersmjölksersättningar och grötar. Inom barnhälsovården saknar barnsjuksköterskan/ distriktssköterskan vägledning och riktlinjer angående probiotika i små barns kost. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka evidens angående probiotikas hälsoeffekter i preventivt syfte på friska små barn. Metoden var en litteraturstudie baserad på 20 vetenskapliga artiklar. Analysen resulterade i att probiotika var säkert att ge till friska små barn. Samtliga studier gav enhetligt resultat, att inga nackdelar fanns med att ge små barn probiotika. Inga negativa hälsoeffekter med probiotika kom fram i denna litteraturstudie. Positiva hälsoeffekter av stor betydelse fick barn som erhållit probiotika vid kolik, då snabb lindring inom en vecka framkom. Ett övervägande positivt resultat sågs vid användning av probiotika till små barn för att förebygga eksem. Probiotika minskade även frånvaron från dagis då infektionssjukdomar minskade hos barnen. Antibiotikaförskrivningen sjönk också hos de förskolebarn som fått probiotika. Probiotikas positiva hälsoeffekter kan användas till rådgivning och rekommenderas till små barn av barnsjuksköterskan/ distriktssköterskan inom barnhälsovården. Fördjupad forskning är önskvärd då utökad eller kombinationer av flera probiotiska bakteriestammar kan ge utökade hälsoeffekter. Probiotics, beneficial and useful bacterias for the human body, occur more often in different products targeted to small children – in everything from drops and capsules to formula and porridge. Within the child health care, the pediatric- and the district nurse lacks guidance and guidelines concerning probiotics in small children's diet. The aim with the literature review was to examine evidence concerning probiotics health effects in prevention, in small children. The method was a literature review based on 20 scientific articles. The analysis resulted in that probiotics were safe to give to healthy small children. All studies gave uniformly results and showed no disadvantages with giving small children probiotics. No negative health effects were detected in this literature review. Positive health effects of great importance have shown be beneficial within treatment of colic with probiotics given to infants since relief occurred within a week. A predominately positive result was seen in use of probiotics to small children in order to prevent eczemas came to light. Probiotics also decreased absence from day care centers since infection diseases were reduced among the children. Antibiotic prescriptions also decreased when probiotics were used to pre-school children. The positive health effects of probiotics can be used for health recommendations to small children within the child health care by the pediatric- and the district nurse. Extended research is desirable since increased or and combinations of several probiotic bacterium stutters can give increased health effects.

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Eckered, Göransson Sara. "Kan probiotika lindra depression?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84831.

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Tidigare forskning har visat ett samband mellan vår tarmflora och vår fysiska hälsa, och idag görs även mycket forskning på om den även kan påverka vår mentala hälsa. Idag lider över fyra procent av världens befolkning av depression, och den här litteraturstudien har, genom att analysera sju studier och deras resultat, försökt få svar på frågan om probiotika kan lindra depression. Antingen som primär behandling eller som komplement till annan behandling. Den här litteraturstudien gav inga konkreta svar på den frågan, annat än att alla inblandade forskare är överens om att det behövs göra fler, längre och större studier innan man kan dra några slutsatser. Previous research has shown a connection between our microbiota and physical health, and today a lot of research is also being done on whether it also can affect our mental health. Today, over four percent of the world's population suffers from depression, and this literature study has, by analysing seven studies and their results, attempted to answer the question of whether probiotics can alleviate depression. Either as primary treatment or as a supplement to other treatment. This literature study did not provide any definite answers to that question, other than that all the researchers involved in the studies analysed agree that more, longer and larger studies are needed before one can draw any conclusions.

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Pokorná, Martina. "Probiotika pro dětskou výživu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401866.

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This Diploma thesis deals with probiotic bacterias for children nutrition. It proposes a probiotic food supplement with a probiotic blend composed of a strain of the genus Lactobacillus and of the genus Bifidobacterium, which would be most suitable for infant consumers. The theoretical part is focused on probiotics, constitution of the children´s ganstrointestinal tract and screening of probiotic and gelatine supplements which are already sold on the market. In the experimental part, probiotic bacteria were subjected to model digestion, whereby mixtures of strains having the lowest reduction in viability after digestion were blend based on the results. The blend of Bifidobacterium breve CCM 7825T, Bifidobacterium longum CCM 4990 and Lactobacillus casei CCM 4798 was chosen as the most suitable blend of the lowest viability reduction. PCR in real time was demonstrated the presence of all strains added to the blend after model digestion. Finally, from the data was suggested a more comprehensive probiotic food supplement in the form of an alginate-agar gummy-bear for children over three years of age. The probiotic food supplement was subjected to sensory analysis too. The proposed probiotic food supplement also contained Chlorella and Spirulina active compounds and higher content of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids in hemp oil.

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Abiib, Amina. "Probiotika som behandling vid IBS." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58242.

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Bakgrund: IBS (Irritabel Bowel Syndrome) är en funktionell mag-tarmsjukdom, med en oklar patofysiologi och etiologi. IBS är en vanlig åkomma hos den västerländska befolkningen och karakteriseras av återkommande buksmärta/obehag, uppblåsthet, diarré och/eller förstoppning samt ökad gasbildning. Det finns idag inget botemedel för IBS, men intresset för probiotika som behandling vid IBS har på senare tid ökat. Probiotika, vilket definieras som levande mikroorganismer, som när de intas i adekvata mängder ger en hälsovinst hos värden tros ha en symptomatisk effekt vid IBS, och har därmed varit av intresse för behandling av IBS. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka om probiotika har någon terapeutisk effekt och kan användas som behandling vid IBS. Metod: Fem randomiserade, dubbelblindade, placebo-kontrollerade studier granskades. De undersökte den terapeutiska effekten av varierande probiotika på IBS-patienter. Artiklarna erhölls genom sökningar i den medicinska databasen PubMed, under februari månad 2016. Resultat: Av dessa fem studier visade fyra på en signifikant symptomförbättring av framförallt buksmärta/obehag. Bäst resultat sågs i en studie som undersökte probiotikan Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. Tre av fem studier visade på en signifikant förbättring av testpersonernas livskvalité. I endast en av studierna, som undersökte effekten av Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, påvisades ingen signifikant skillnad mellan E.coli (probiotika) och placebo. Slutsats: Baserat på de fem studierna föreligger det i nuläget skäliga bevis för att en behandling med specifika probiotika kan ge symtomförbättring av buksmärta/obehag hos IBS-patienter, och förbättrar patienternas livskvalité. Vidare studier krävs för att fastställa den mest effektiva probiotikan, dosen och behandlingslängden. Background: IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, with an unclear etiology and pathophysiology. IBS is a common disorder in the Western population and is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain/ discomfort, bloating, flatulence, diarrhea and/ or constipation. There is currently no cure for IBS, but the interest in probiotics as an option of treatment has recently increased. Probiotics have been defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide a health benefit on the host, and are believed to have a symptomatic effect in IBS. Probiotics have therefore been of interest for the treatment in IBS. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine whether probiotics have a therapeutic effect and if it could be used as a treatment for IBS. Method: Five randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were reviewed that examined the therapeutic effect of different probiotics in the IBS-patients. Articles were obtained through searches in the medical database PubMed, during the month of February 2016. Results: Four of the five studies showed a significant improvement of symptoms especially in abdominal pain/ discomfort. The best results were seen in a study that investigated the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. Three of the five studies showed a significant improvement in quality of life (QOL) of the subjects in the study. One of the five studies which examined the effect of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, there was no significant difference between E.coli (probiotics) and placebo. Conclusion: There is reasonable evidence that treatment with certain probiotics might provide improvement in symptoms of abdominal pain/ discomfort, and increase patients quality of life based on the five studies. Further studies are required to determine the most effective probiotic, dose and duration of IBS-treatment.

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Dreßel, Tilmann. "Modulation der Candida albicans Biofilmbildung und Expression von Pathogenitätsfaktoren durch Lactobacillus spp." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-150306.

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Lactobacillus- Spezies, die zur Gattung der Milchsäurebakterien gehören, haben bereits hemmende Eigenschaften gegen Candida albicans gezeigt. Dieser dimorphe Hefepilz ist einer der bedeutendsten Erreger von Pilzinfektionen beim Menschen und einer der häufigsten Verursacher Katheter- assoziierter Infektionen. Eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Pathogenität von C. albicans spielt die Biofilmbildung, die sowohl die körpereigene Abwehr als auch die antimykotische Therapie einer invasiven Infektion erheblich erschwert. Zu den Virulenzfaktoren zählt eine Vielzahl von Genen, darunter auch die sekretorischen Aspartylproteasen (SAPs), die zur Infektion sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo beitragen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Lactobacillus- Stämme auf die Biofilmbildung des invasiv pathogenen C. albicans SC 5314 und des in der Pathogenität abgeschwächten Stammes ATCC 10231 untersucht, sowohl phänotypisch als auch hinsichtlich der metabolischen Aktivität durch den semi- quantitativen XTT- Reduktions- Assay. Zudem erfolgten Expressionsanalysen ausgewählter Gene von C. albicans, deren Zusammenhang mit der Biofilmbildung und Pathogenität bekannt ist. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass L. johnsonii DSM 10533 die metabolische Aktivität beider C. albicans- Stämme erheblich verringern kann (um bis zu 80%) und auch einen phänotypisch drastisch reduzierten Biofilm verursacht. In Anwesenheit dieses Stammes kam es zu stark verringerter Aktivität der beobachteten SAP- Gene vor allem des invasiven Stammes C. albicans SC 5314. Andere Pathogenitäts- assoziierte Gene wie Als 3 und Hwp 1 wurden dagegen eher hochreguliert. L. rhamnosus DSM 20021 und ein klinisches Isolat verursachten ebenfalls eine Verringerung der metabolischen Aktivität, sorgten phänotypisch aber eher für vermehrte Hyphenbildung des Pilzes. Ersterer verursachte eine deutlich reduzierte Aktivität von Hwp 1 und Ume 6 bei C. albicans ATCC 10231. L. reuteri DSM 20016 zeigte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf Biofilmbildung, Aktivität und Genexpression der beobachteten C. albicans- Stämme. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen deutlich, dass unterschiedliche Lactobacillus- Stämme sich in ihrem Einfluss auf C. albicans erheblich unterscheiden. Auch die Reaktion verschiedener C. albicans- Stämme auf Lactobacillus- Spezies ist sehr verschieden. In dieser Arbeit zeigte L. johnsonii DSM 10533 ein deutliches Potential, C. albicans in der Biofilmbildung und Expression von Pathogenitätsfaktoren zu hemmen. Dieser Stamm erscheint damit für weiterführende Untersuchungen hinsichtlich probiotischen Potentials geeignet. Die Ergebnisse einer Lactobacillus Spezies können nicht generell auf andere Lactobacillus Spezies übertragen werden. Ob sich innerhalb einer Spezies alle Stämme gleichermaßen verhalten, bedarf ebenfalls der Überprüfung. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit werfen auch die Frage auf, ob Lactobacillus Spezies sogar die Pathogenität von C. albicans erhöhen können.

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Omakobia, Michael. "The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics." Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42897.

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The development of childhood atopy is postulated to be influenced by perinatal microbial exposure. Inadequate numbers of probiotic organisms forming the intestinal microbiota, is an early pre-symptomatic feature linked to the expression of allergy. Perinatal probiotic supplementation is therefore hypothesized to contribute to the microbiota mediated immunomodulatory response determining immune hypo- responsiveness to allergens. Aims: This thesis examined the anti-allergy immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacteria invitro in the context of the pathophysiology of atopy, as a preamble to perinatal probiotic supplementation. Methods: Cytokine responses were measured after umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were co-cultured in the presence of a consortium of probiotic organisms consisting of two strains of lactobacilli and two strains of bifidobacteria. Additionally pregnant women with a familial history of allergic disease from 36 weeks gestation and their infants to age 6 months, were supplemented with probiotics or a placebo daily. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on immune function in vivo was then analysed within the peripheral blood of the supplemented neonates. Results: CBMCs co-cultured in the presence of the probiotic consortium generated a dose dependent, monocyte mediated release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL- 12p70, IFN-y and the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-pi. The consortium down regulated PH A and SEB induced IL-13 (a key allergy orchestrating cytokine) while potentiating IFN-y (a key Thl driving cytokine) responses from CBMCs. Interestingly in the probiotic supplemented group the cord blood eosinophil count was significantly reduced. Additionally the IL-12p70 concentrations in microbial stimulated venous blood at age 6 months was significantly elevated in comparison to the placebo supplemented group. Conclusion: The immunomodulatory effect of probiotic bacteria is marked by a capacity to promote a Thl orientation of the immune system. Probiotics administered during pregnancy and early infancy may therefore be effective in the prevention of Th2 mediated atopic disorder.

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POLKA, JUSTYNA URSZULA. "Caratterizzazione di lactobacilli di origine intestinale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1316.

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I lactobacilli sono considerati dei microorganismi non-patogeni. Molti di loro appartengono al gruppo batterico GRAS e/o sono nell’elenco QPS. Dal momento che i lactobacilli intenzionalmente aggiunti agli alimenti possono agire come reservoir di geni di resistenza, la valutazione del rischio deve essere continuamente aggiornata. Lo scopo di questa tesi era la valutazione di alcuni metodi usati per testare e caratterizzare le specie del genere Lactobacillus per quanto riguarda la sicurezza e la potenziale attività probiotica. Nella prima parte due metodi di micro diluzione, il metodo ISO e CLSI, soni stati comparati testando la resistenza agli antibiotici di 54 ceppi L. plantarum. Sulla base di risultati ottenuti il metodo ISO era più adatto per valutare la resistenza di questa specie. Il test del limite di sensibilità della PCR per 8 paia di primers specifici per il rilevamento dei lactobacilli e bifido batteri da feci ha confermato i loro diversi livelli di efficacia. La seconda parte della tesi descrive un progetto di ricerca mirato sulla identificazione di nuovi ceppi probiotici fra diversi ceppi di Lactobacillus paracasei e Lactobacillus rhamnosus identificando dei geni o loci responsabili della interazione con l’ospite, immunomodulazione, e l’inibizione della crescita dei patogeni. Le analisi fenotipiche dei 40 ceppi hanno confemato una grande variabilità fra di loro, che può servire per associare delle caratteristiche fenotipiche a quelle genotipiche. Tra i ceppi dello stesso progetto è stato individuato un ceppo di L. mucosae. Dal momento che questa è una specie relativamente nuova, le sue caratteristiche sono state analizzate comparandole con altri 3 ceppi appartenenti alla stessa specie. In questo modo sono state confermate alcune informazioni su L. mucosae, ma soprattutto sono stati forniti dei dati nuovi sulle proprietà di questa specie. The species of the Lactobacillus genus are generally believed to be microorganisms with no pathogenic potential. Many of them have granted GRAS and QPS status. Non-pathogenic bacteria as lactobacilli-intentionally added or accidentally present in food-are under evaluation, as they could act as reservoir of resistant genes. This thesis was aimed to evaluate some methods used for testing and to characterize some Lactobacillus species, as regards their safety and potential probiotic activity. The first part of the research focused on the comparison of two broth microdilution methods: ISO and CLSI, in order to assess the resistance of 54 L. plantarum strains to antimicrobial agents. The results suggest better performances of the phenotypic assay developed by ISO, at least for strains belonging to L. plantarum species.Then the assessment of the PCR detection limit for 8 sets of primers for the detection of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria from infant faeces confirmed different levels of effectiveness for the primers. Next part of the thesis was the research project aimed at identifying genes or genetic loci of different strains of two Lactobacillus species (i.e. Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) involved in the interaction with the host, immune-modulation of host cells and pathogen growth inhibition in order to find new probiotic strains. The phenotypic analysis of 40 selected strains demonstrated large variability between strains of these species, which could serve to the association of phenotypic differences to genome specificities. A strain of Lactobacillus mucosae was found within the framework of the same project. As it is a relatively new species, it was chosen to further investigate its properties, comparing it with three other L. mucosae strains. This study led to confirm some information but first and foremost it has provided new data on the examined species.

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Fong, Long-yan, and 方朗茵. "Immunomodulatory properties of probiotic bacteria." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208173.

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Probiotics are living microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. They have been reported to relieve acute diarrhoea, atopic dermatitis and irritable bowel syndrome in disease-specific animal studies and in human intervention trials. However, probiotics are regularly consumed by general healthy population with limited knowledge in the immunomodulation of probiotics of local and systemic immune responses in healthy experimental models. Serving as the first line of defense against microbial infections and the largest immunological organ in animal host, the epithelium lining the small and large intestine is supposed to be the first organ to encounter probiotics as probiotics are always orally taken. It is believed that probiotics regulate the local immunities in the gut, which acts as the pivot in modulating the systemic immune responses. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that probiotic bacteria can modulate both local and systemic immune responses in healthy population; and the immunomodulation of combination of probiotics is different from that of individual strains. Wildtype healthy C57BL/6 mice were fed with different probiotic strains − Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC705 (LC705), Bifidobacterium breve Bb99 (Bb99), Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS (PJS) or Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), or mixture of probiotics − GGmix (LGG, LC705, Bb99 and PJS) and ECPJSmix (PJS and EcN), for three weeks. After that, intestine, liver, spleen and blood were investigated. Probiotics suppressed intestinal T helper (Th)17 immune response but enhanced systemic (hepatic and splenic) Th17 immune response, suggesting that immune homeostasis was maintained in healthy individuals. Mechanism of action of LGG was further studied in this project as LGG is the widely studied probiotics. It was hypothesized that LGG exerts immunomodulatory effects by bacteria cells and/or its derived soluble factors such as lactic acid. Immunomodulatory effects of LGG cells and their soluble factors on dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and monocytes from healthy blood donors were investigated as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are pivots of bridging innate and adaptive immunities. Cytokine secretion profile, expressions of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and activation-related receptors of the APCs were examined. Both LGG cells and their soluble factors promoted type 1-responsiveness while soluble factors promoted type 17-responsiveness as well. Yet, lactic acid seemed not to be the one which enhanced type 1 and type 17 immune responses in soluble factors. With better understanding on the immunomodulation of probiotics in healthy models, prophylactic efficacy of probiotics in preventing infections and diseases can be availed. published_or_final_version Biological Sciences Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy

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Hallberg, Mirja, and Katarina Ljungbåge. "Probiotikas inverkan på sjukdomsförloppet hos intensivvårdspatienter. : En metaanalys till grund för evedensbaserad omvårdnad." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-14032.

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Bakgrund och syfte: Intresset för enteral administrering av probiotika i förebyggandet av infektioner och diarré har på senare tid ökat. Nosokomiala infektioner och diarré är ett stort problem hos intensivvårdpatienter. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur enteral probiotika påverkar sjukdomsförloppet hos intensivvårdspatienter, med avseende på mortalitet, infektioner totalt, ventilatorassocierad pneumoni (VAP) och diarré. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med sökning i Pubmed och Cinahl genomfördes med följande Meshtermer; probiotics, lactobacillus, critical illness och intensive care unit. Därefter genomfördes en metaanalys av randomiserade kontrollerade studier, utförda på vuxna intensivvårdspatienter, där man jämfört patienter som erhållit probiotika med patienter som fått placebo eller annan behandling. Resultat: Totalt 15 studier med sammanlagt 1293 patienter inkluderades. Ingen signifikans med avseenden på mortalitet, infektioner totalt, VAP och diarré kunde utläsas i metaanalysen. En trend mot en minskning av infektioner totalt (p=0,075) och VAP (p=0,090) i probiotikagruppen var dock tydlig. Konklusion: Probiotika kan komma att ha en betydande roll inom intensivvården i framtiden, då det förefaller ha en positiv effekt på infektionsfrekvensen. I dagsläget finns emellertid ej tillräckligt vetenskapligt stöd för användning av probiotika i behandlingen intensivvårdspatienter. Det behövs större och väl genomförda randomiserade multicenterstudier. Background and aim: The interest in enteral administration of probiotics to prevent infections and diarrhea has recently arisen. Nosocomial infections and diarrhea are common problems among intensive care unit patients. The aim of this study was to investigate how enteral probiotics influence the course of intensive care unit patients with focus on mortality, total infections, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and diarrhea. Method: A systematic literature review was undertaken. Pubmed and Cinahl were searched using the following Meshterms; probiotics, lactobacillus, critical illness and intensive care unit. Thereafter a meta-analysis was conducted combining the results of the randomized controlled trials that compared a group of adult intensive care unit patients taking probiotics with a group that did not. Result: A total of 15 studies with a total of 1293 patients were included. For mortality, total infections, VAP and diarrhea no significance was detected in the meta-analysis. However a trend towards a decrease in over all infections (p=0.075) and VAP (p=0,090) in the probiotic group was seen. Conclusion: In the future the probiotics may play an important role in the field of intensive care, as it seems to confer a positive effect on infection rates. However, there is currently a lack of conclusive evidence to support the use of probiotics in the treatment of intensive care unit patients. Larger well designed randomized multicentre studies are required

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Šnajdarová, Karolína. "Enkapsulace probiotik a prebiotik do výrobků pro dětskou výživu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376827.

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The Diploma thesis deals with designing of probiotic dietary supplement for children with strains Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve and with prebiotics. Used prebiotics were Inulin, Chia fiber, Bamboo fiber, Chlorella + Spirulina and Yakon syrup. The theoretical part is focused on probiotics, prebiotics and their biological influence. In experimental part the possibilities of encapsulation into alginate particle and lyophilisation of probiotic cells were observed to find their good form to final nutritional product for children. Several types of probiotic with addition of prebiotics were tested in model conditions of gastrointestinal tract. It was found that addition of prebiotic highly increases viability of probiotic cells and their resistance to model conditions of gastrointestinal tract. In this case, the best prebiotic was found in Yakon syrup. The prebiotics were also characterised in terms of nutritional composition, amount of total and reducing sugars, oligosaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols and chlorophyll were obtained. Finally, Chia fiber, Chlorella + Spirulina and Yakon syrup were chosen as prebiotics with best characterisation/properties. In conclusion, a dietary supplement with lyophilized alginate particles containing probiotic cells and with the most appropriate prebiotics were designed. Forms of the product were powder and gummy-bear.

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Juknevičiūtė, Giedrė. "Probiotikų kokybės tyrimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140625_173444-15757.

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PROBIOTIKŲ KOKYBĖS TYRIMAI Probiotikai – tai gyvi, žmogaus organizmui giminingi ir naudingi mikroorganizmai, kuriuos vartojant adekvačiais kiekiais, pasireiškia teigiamas poveikis žmogaus sveikatai, pagerinamas virškinimas, sustiprinama imuninė sistema, atkuriama mikrobų pusiausvyra žarnyne. Populiarėjant probiotikų vartojimui medicinoje ir veterinarijoje, didėja ir jų prekybos apimtys, todėl šiandien probiotikų tyrimams visame pasaulyje teikiamas itin didelis dėmesys, jų gamybai, technologijai, skiriamos milžiniškos pinigų sumos, todėl labai svarbu, kad probiotikai atitiktų jiems keliamus reikalavimus. Šiame darbe buvo tirti komercinių probiotikų (Linex, Bifolac, Bifoval, Yogurt, Lactoseven ir Enterol) kokybiniai ir kiekybiniai parametrai, nustatant bakterijų kultūrų atsparumą antibiotikams ir skrandžio rūgštims bei įvertinant probiotinių kultūrų įtaką Candida genties grybams. Tyrimo metu pagrindinės problemos buvo bakterijų gyvybingumo palaikymas, netiksli informacija aprašuose (rūšinio sąstato neatitikimai, klaidingai nurodomas bakterijų ląstelių skaičius arba jo visai nėra, neaiškios laikymo sąlygos). Tokie pažeidimai reikalauja griežtos kokybės kontrolės tiek gamyboje, tiek transportavimo ir pardavimo metu. PROBIOTICS QUALITY RESEARCHES Probiotics are alive, akin and useful for human organism microorganisms which, when used in adequate amounts, have a positive effect on human health. Furthermore, the digestion is improved, the immune system is strengthened, and the balance of microbes in the intestine is renewed when using probiotics. The consumption of probiotics in medicine and veterinary is becoming more and more popular so the size of its trade is also increasing. This is the reason why very big attention is given to researches of probiotics in our days. Huge sums of money are allocated to their production and technology so it is very important for probiotics to suit all requirements. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of commercial probiotics (Linex, Bifolac, Bifoval, Yogurt, Lactoseven and Enterol), estimating the resistance of bacterial culture to antibiotics and gastric acids and evaluating the impact of probiotical cultures on Candida genus mushrooms, were examined. Major problems during the research were keeping bacteria alive and inaccurate information in literature, such as inadequacy of varietal, the number of bacteria cells was indicated wrongly or not indicated at all, vague conditions of keeping. Such violations demand strict quality control in production, transportation and sales.

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Silveira, Denise Sayuri Calheiros da. "Efeitos imuno-moduladores de Lactobacillus bulgaricus no câncer colorretal associado à colite." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17147/tde-06042018-152811/.

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O câncer associado à colite (CAC - colitis-associated cancer) é um subtipo de câncer colorretal (CRC) precedido por doenças inflamatórias do intestino (IBD - inflammatory bowel disease). Diante das altas taxas mundiais de incidência e mortalidade do CRC, muitos esforços têm sido movidos pela comunidade científica em busca do desenvolvimento de novas abordagens e estratégias terapêuticas contra esse tipo de câncer. Doenças inflamatórias do intestino estão associadas a um risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de CRC e evidenciam assim, a complexa conexão entre inflamação e câncer. A microbiota intestinal possui papel central na patogênese de IBD. Há evidente aumento no interesse em investigar maneiras de contornar alterações da resposta imunitária do hospedeiro à disbiose microbiana utilizando suplementos à base de microrganismos vivos. Isso ocorre uma vez que estudos com probióticos têm demonstrado o seu grande potencial imunomodulador. A administração de probióticos tem sido associada à manutenção de períodos prolongados de remissão da doença e à ausência de resistência ao tratamento. No presente trabalho, utilizamos modelo experimental de câncer colorretal associado à inflamação para investigar os efeitos do probiótico Lactobacillus bulgaricus sobre a carcinogênese. Nossos resultados demonstram papel anti-inflamatório de L. bulgaricus na colite induzida por DSS, associado a menores níveis intestinais das citocinas TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23. Na carcinogênese, o probiótico induziu menores níveis intestinais das citocinas pró-inflamatórias e levou à redução expressiva do volume tumoral total e tamanho médio de tumores ao final do tratamento. Em conjunto, nossos resultados demonstram papel anti-inflamatório e antitumoral de Lactobacillus bulgaricus na carcinogênese colorretal associada à inflamação. Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is a subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) preceded by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Faced with the high global rates of CRC incidence and mortality, many efforts have been made by the scientific community to develop new approaches and therapeutic strategies against this type of cancer. IBDs are associated with an increased risk for CRC development, highlighting the complex connection between inflammation and cancer. The intestinal microbiota has a central role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Currently there is evident increase in interest in investigating manners to circumvent the host\'s immune response to microbial dysbiosis using a supplement based on live microorganisms. This is because studies on probiotics have demonstrated their high immunomodulatory potential. Probiotic administration has been associated with the maintenance of prolonged remission periods of the disease, and with the lack of resistance to treatment. In the present study, we used experimental model of colorectal cancer associated with inflammation to investigate the effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus on carcinogenesis. Our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory role of L. bulgaricus in DSS-induced colitis, which was associated with lower intestinal levels of the cytokines TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23. In carcinogenesis, the probiotic induced lower intestinal levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and led to an expressive reduction of total tumor volume and mean size of tumors at the end of treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and antitumor role of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.

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Karlsson, Magdalena, and Emilia Semberg. "Tracing probiotics in salami using PCR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-157177.

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Starter cultures of different bacteria strains like lactic acid producing bacteria, Staphylococcus and Kocuria are used when making salami. Starter cultures give the sausage specific flavours and improve the quality and ripening of the final product. Probiotic strains can also be added during the production of salami. Studies have shown that probiotics are good for health and are therefore added to food, such as fermented sausages. In order to work as a probiotic strain, the bacteria have to survive during the production process, storage and through the whole human gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to trace the probiotic strains Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei in salami samples to see if they had survived the production process. Methods used were DNA extraction, PCR, colony PCR and gel electrophoresis. Out of 100 samples in duplicate run in PCR, probiotics were found in only 3 of them. To see if screening of probiotics directly from plates was possible, a colony PCR was done. Colony PCR was made on colonies of two different strains of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus sakei. From each bacteria strain, 5 colonies were analysed. Result showed that colony PCR, to screen for probiotic is a possible method.

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Hedman, Ellinore. "Probiotika som prevention mot urogenitala sjukdomar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37276.

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About 10 % of the adult women population in Sweden are treated annually for urinary tract infections. The increasing bacterial resistance towards antibiotics is classified by WHO (World Health Organization) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) as one of the greatest treats for human health in a global perspective. To find alternatives scientists are studying the possibility to use probiotics to reduce the frequency of recurring urinary tract infections. This literature study examines five randomized double blinded placebo controlled studies where different strains of Lactobacillus have been used as a prophylactic to women suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis. Overall the studies do not display enough promising results to recommend the use of probiotics as a prophylax or cure.

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Maccaferri, Simone <1983&gt. "Characterization of novel probiotics and prebiotics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4678/.

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The role of the human gut microbiota in impacting host’s health has been widely studied in the last decade. Notably, it has been recently demonstrated that diet and nutritional status are among the most important modifiable determinants of human health, through a plethora of presumptive mechanisms among which microbiota-mediated processes are thought to have a relevant role. At present, probiotics and prebiotics represent a useful dietary approach for influencing the composition and activity of the human gut microbial community. The present study is composed of two main sections, aimed at elucidating the probiotic potential of the yeast strain K. marxianus B0399, as well as the promising putative prebiotic activity ascribable to four different flours, naturally enriched in dietary fibres content. Here, by in vitro studies we demonstrated that K. marxianus B0399 possesses a number of beneficial and strain-specific properties desirable for a microorganism considered for application as a probiotics. Successively, we investigated the impact of a novel probiotic yoghurt containing B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 and K. marxianus B0399 on the gut microbiota of a cohort of subjects suffering from IBS and enrolled in a in vivo clinical study. We demonstrated that beneficial effects described for the probiotic yoghurt were not associated to significant modifications of the human intestinal microbiota. Additionally, using a colonic model system we investigated the impact of different flours (wholegrain rye and wheat, chickpeas and lentils 50:50, and barley milled grains) on the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolomic output, combining molecular and cellular analysis with a NMR metabolomics approach. We demonstrated that each tested flour showed peculiar and positive modulations of the intestinal microbiota composition and its small molecule metabolome, thus supporting the utilisation of these ingredients in the development of a variety of potentially prebiotic food products aimed at improving human health.

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Dayel, Iman Bin. "Probiotics, innate immunity & ageing (PRIMAGE)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658873.

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Introduction: Ageing has often been associated with a marked reduction in numbers of bifidobacteria and an increase in numbers of clostridia. In addition, ageing is associated with alterations in immunity and poor response to vaccination. Pre- and probiotics are suggested to restore the gut micro flora ecosystem and modulate immune function. The current study evaluated the influence of a novel probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum by. infantis CCUG 52486, with a potential prebiotic (glucooligosaccharide; GIOS) on the gut microbiota composition and on innate immunity in young (18-35y) and older (60-85y) subjects undergoing influenza vaccination.

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Drakoularakou, Alexandra. "Synbiotic studies on selected probiotic bacteria." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493809.

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One important development which has recently started to be incorporated to the group of functional foods, is that of the synbiotics (combination of probiotics with prebiotics). This study focused on the development of synbiotic versions of three potential probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2, Lactobacillus casei 163 and Bifidobacterium lactis 420) with potential prebiotics and their antipathogenic effects were also investigated. The probiotic characteristics of each of the three strains were assessed prior to investigation of potential synbiotic combinations.

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Schumann, Sara. "Influence of intestinal inflammation on bacterial protein expression in monoassociated mice." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6775/.

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Background: Increased numbers of intestinal E. coli are observed in inflammatory bowel disease, but the reasons for this proliferation and it exact role in intestinal inflammation are unknown. Aim of this PhD-project was to identify E. coli proteins involved in E. coli’s adaptation to the inflammatory conditions in the gut and to investigate whether these factors affect the host. Furthermore, the molecular basis for strain-specific differences between probiotic and harmful E. coli in their response to intestinal inflammation was investigated. Methods: Using mice monoassociated either with the adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) strain UNC or the probiotic E. coli Nissle, two different mouse models of intestinal inflammation were analysed: On the one hand, severe inflammation was induced by treating mice with 3.5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). On the other hand, a very mild intestinal inflammation was generated by associating interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice with E. coli. Differentially expressed proteins in the E. coli strains collected from caecal contents of these mice were identified by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. Results DSS-experiment: All DSS-treated mice revealed signs of a moderate caecal and a severe colonic inflammation. However, mice monoassociated with E. coli Nissle were less affected. In both E. coli strains, acute inflammation led to a downregulation of pathways involved in carbohydrate breakdown and energy generation. Accordingly, DSS-treated mice had lower caecal concentrations of bacterial fermentation products than the control mice. Differentially expressed proteins also included the Fe-S cluster repair protein NfuA, the tryptophanase TnaA, and the uncharacterised protein YggE. NfuA was upregulated nearly 3-fold in both E. coli strains after DSS administration. Reactive oxygen species produced during intestinal inflammation damage Fe-S clusters and thereby lead to an inactivation of Fe-S proteins. In vitro data indicated that the repair of Fe-S proteins by NfuA is a central mechanism in E. coli to survive oxidative stress. Expression of YggE, which has been reported to reduce the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, was 4- to 8-fold higher in E. coli Nissle than in E. coli UNC under control and inflammatory conditions. In vitro growth experiments confirmed these results, indicating that E. coli Nissle is better equipped to cope with oxidative stress than E. coli UNC. Additionally, E. coli Nissle isolated from DSS-treated and control mice had TnaA levels 4- to 7-fold higher than E. coli UNC. In turn, caecal indole concentrations resulting from cleavage of tryptophan by TnaA were higher in E. coli Nissle- associated control mice than in the respective mice associated with E. coli UNC. Because of its anti-inflammatory effect, indole is hypothesised to be involved in the extension of the remission phase in ulcerative colitis described for E. coli Nissle. Results IL-10-/--experiment: Only IL-10-/- mice monoassociated with E. coli UNC for 8 weeks exhibited signs of a very mild caecal inflammation. In agreement with this weak inflammation, the variations in the bacterial proteome were small. Similar to the DSS-experiment, proteins downregulated by inflammation belong mainly to the central energy metabolism. In contrast to the DSS-experiment, no upregulation of chaperone proteins and NfuA were observed, indicating that these are strategies to overcome adverse effects of strong intestinal inflammation. The inhibitor of vertebrate C-type lysozyme, Ivy, was 2- to 3-fold upregulated on mRNA and protein level in E. coli Nissle in comparison to E. coli UNC isolated from IL-10-/- mice. By overexpressing ivy, it was demonstrated in vitro that Ivy contributes to a higher lysozyme resistance observed for E. coli Nissle, supporting the role of Ivy as a potential fitness factor in this E. coli strain. Conclusions: The results of this PhD-study demonstrate that intestinal bacteria sense even minimal changes in the health status of the host. While some bacterial adaptations to the inflammatory conditions are equal in response to strong and mild intestinal inflammation, other reactions are unique to a specific disease state. In addition, probiotic and colitogenic E. coli differ in their response to the intestinal inflammation and thereby may influence the host in different ways. Hintergrund: Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen zeichnen sich unter anderem durch eine starke Proliferation intestinaler E. coli aus. Unbekannt ist jedoch, ob diese Vermehrung eine Ursache oder eine Folge der Erkrankung darstellt. Ziel der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit war es daher, E. coli-Proteine zu identifizieren, welche der Anpassung an die entzündlichen Bedingungen im Darmtrakt dienen und unter Umständen einen Effekt auf den Gesundheitszustand des Wirtes haben. Weiterhin sollten die molekularen Ursachen für stammesspezifische Unterschiede zwischen probiotischen und gesundheitsschädlichen E. coli näher untersucht werden. Methoden: In den tierexperimentellen Analysen wurden keimfreie Mäuse entweder mit dem probiotischen E. coli Nissle oder dem adhärent-invasiven E. coli UNC monoassoziiert und in zwei verschiedenen Entzündungsmodellen näher untersucht. Einerseits wurde eine starke Darmentzündung durch die Gabe von 3,5% Natrium-Dextransulfat (DSS) ausgelöst. Andererseits wurde in Interleukin 10-defizienten (IL-10-/-) Mäusen eine sehr milde Form der Entzündung durch Besiedlung mit E. coli induziert. Die E. coli Bakterien wurden am Ende der Versuche aus den Caecuminhalten der Mäuse isoliert und die bakterielle Proteinexpression wurde mittels zwei-dimensionaler Gelelektrophorese analysiert. Ergebnisse des DSS-Versuchs: Alle Tiere des DSS-Versuchs entwickelten unabhängig vom E. coli Stamm, mit dem sie besiedelt waren, eine moderate Entzündung im Caecum und eine starke im Colon, wobei die Entzündungsreaktion durch die Monoassoziation mit E. coli Nissle leicht abgeschwächt wurde. In beiden E. coli Stämmen führte die Darmentzündung zu einer verringerten Expression von Enzymen des Kohlenhydratabbaus und der Energiegewinnung. In Folge dessen waren die intestinalen Konzentrationen bakterieller Fermentationsprodukte in den entzündeten Tieren geringer als in den gesunden Kontrolltieren. Weitere differentiell exprimierte Proteine umfassen das Fe-S- Cluster Reparaturprotein NfuA, die Tryptophanase TnaA und das uncharakterisierte Protein YggE. In beiden E. coli Stämmen, welche aus den DSS-Tieren isoliert wurden, war das NfuA Protein dreifach höher exprimiert. Eine Darmentzündung führt zu einer vermehrten Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoffspezies, welche die Fe-S-Cluster in Eisen-Schwefel-Proteinen zerstören und damit zu einer Inaktivierung dieser Proteine führen. In vitro Untersuchungen bestätigten, dass die Reparatur der Eisen-Schwefel-Proteine durch NfuA ein wichtiger Mechanismus ist um oxidativem Stress entgegenzuwirken. Das YggE Protein, welches laut Literaturangaben einen hemmenden Einfluss auf die Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoffspezies hat, war in E. coli Nissle 4- bis 8-fach erhöht (verglichen mit E. coli UNC unter Kontroll- und Entzündungsbedingungen). In vitro Versuche bestätigten diese Daten und zeigten, dass E. coli Nissle im Vergleich zu E. coli UNC eine erhöhte Resistenz gegenüber oxidativem Stress aufweist. Außerdem wurde im Vergleich E. coli Nissle vs. E. coli UNC (unter Entzündungs- und Kontrollbedingungen) ein 4- bis 7-fach erhöhter TnaA-Gehalt nachgewiesen. Indol, das Produkt der TnaA-katalysierten Tryptophanspaltung wurde in erhöhten Mengen im Intestinaltrakt E. coli Nissle-assoziierter Kontrolltiere detektiert. Seit längerem werden entzündungshemmende Eigenschaften für Indol postuliert, die aufgrund der Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit nun auch mit den gesundheitsfördenden Eigenschaften von E. coli Nissle in Zusammenhang gebracht werden können. Ergebnisse des IL-10-/-- Versuchs: Nach einer 8-wöchigen Assoziationsdauer wurde nur in den mit E. coli UNC besiedelten IL-10-/- Tieren eine schwache Entzündungsreaktion nachgewiesen. Bedingt durch diese sehr schwach ausgeprägte Entzündungsantwort waren auch die Veränderungen im bakteriellen Proteom von E. coli UNC nur gering. Wie im DSS-Versuch waren Proteine des bakteriellen Energiestoffwechsels reprimiert, allerdings wurde keine Induktion von NfuA beobachtet. Daher scheint die Induktion von NfuA nur der Anpassung an eine starke Entzündung zu dienen. Weiterhin wurde nachgewiesen, dass E. coli Nissle aus IL-10-/- Tieren den Hemmer für das vertebrate C-Typ Lysozym (Ivy) sowohl auf mRNA- als auch auf Proteinebene stärker exprimiert als E. coli UNC. Überexpression von Ivy unter in vitro Bedingungen zeigte, dass es an der erhöhten Lysozymresistenz von E. coli Nissle beteiligt ist und somit eine Rolle als möglicher Fitnessfaktor von E. coli Nissle spielt. Schlussfolgerungen: In dieser Doktorarbeit wurde gezeigt, dass Darmentzündungen die Proteinexpression eines im Darm lebenden Bakteriums beeinflussen. Einige der aufgedeckten bakteriellen Anpassungsreaktionen werden sowohl bei einer starken als auch bei einer schwachen Entzündung ausgelöst; andere wiederum sind spezifisch für nur einen dieser Entzündungszustände. Weiterhin wurde deutlich, dass sich E. coli-Stämme hinsichtlich ihrer Reaktion auf eine Darmentzündung unterscheiden und damit möglicherweise den Wirt beeinflussen.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Probiotica'

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