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Journal articles on the topic 'Problem debt'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Ivlev, V. A. "Problem Debt: Concept, Classification and Regulation." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no. 9 (2024): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2024.121.9.203-211.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept and legal regulation of problem debts arising as a result of improper fulfillment of obligations by clients of credit institutions. In the process of analysing the types of problem debts, special attention is paid to the correlation of problem and overdue debts. Any overdue debt should be as problematic. Other debts may also be recognised as problematic if there are significant risks of default. The author comes to the conclusion that the issues of qualification of problem debts are within the competence of credit organisations. Government

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2

Tsvirko, S. E. "PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN RUSSIA." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 6 (October 25, 2014): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2013-6-56-63.

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The problems of the Russia’s debt management are revealed. Evolution of the public debts’ problem of the Russian Federation including the question of its interaction with private debts is discussed. Risks in debt sphere are analyzed. Specific features of the Russian economy such as the dependence on world energy prices, low efficiency of public expenditures, rapid growth of internal public debts and external quasi-sovereign and private debts are defined. Principles of debt management and areas of improvement in the system of Russia’s debt management were defined.

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Ahsan, Diya Abdul Hussain. "The External Debt Problem of Developing Countries." Business Inform 10, no. 513 (2020): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-36-49.

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The article is aimed at researching the problem of external debt of developing countries. The current status of external debt of developing countries is analyzed. The growing demand for investors, combined with the growing number of firms looking to take on large debts, has led to a deterioration in underwriting standards and the credit quality of such loans. The grounded relevance of the use of borrowing resources today is not necessarily a bad thing, even on the contrary – it is one of the most effective ways to stimulate the growth of the economy. When these resources are used targeted and

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4

Barrett, Tristam. "“Your debts are our problem”." Focaal 2020, no. 87 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2020.012801.

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AbstractUnlike in other countries with debt-saddled populations, the issue of consumer debt has been weakly politicized in Azerbaijan. There have been no social movements of the kind that occurred around the financial crises in the United States, the European periphery, or even in Ukraine's post-revolution attempt at a “financial Maidan.” The lack of a public politics of debt left banks to act as predators, using a weak court system to intimidate people and obtain repayment of debts. Yet the constraints to the public sphere within which a contentious politics might unfold does not mean no such

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Balyuk, I. "External Debt Problem and Global Financial Architecture." Review of Business and Economics Studies 6, no. 4 (2018): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2018-6-4-18-29.

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Liberalisation of the global financial market in 90-s last century and early in XXI has resulted in increasing dependence of many countries (both advanced and developing ones) on external financing and significant growth of the sovereign external debts that has become a real threat to the stable development of the world economy. The paper is focusing on the problem of growing external debt of many countries. It has an analysis of the methods aimed at settling and managing the external debt by the state authorities. I paid special attention to the problem of predicting the possibility of the so

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Lvova, Olga A., and Nickolay E. Popov. "Management of Corporate Distressed Debt: From Terminology to Statistics." Public Administration. E-journal (Russia), no. 103, 2024 (April 30, 2024): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu2070-1381-103-2024-53-70.

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The aim of the paper is to systematize definitive approaches of “problem (distressed) debt” and related terms in order to create a conceptual apparatus useful from the point of view of management entities, as well as to statistically study the dynamics and sectoral structure of problem debt based on the banking sector performance indicators in Russia and other countries in 2009–2023. As a result of the analysis of international and Russian documents in the field of banking regulation, two types of problem debt typologies have been identified: classifications of credit risk of the supervisory a

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Romantsova, Tatyana Vladimirovna. "RUSSIA’S SOVEREIGN DEBT PROBLEM." Industrial Economics 1, no. 1 (2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47576/2712-7559_2022_1_1_60.

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8

Shafter, Jonathan. "The Due Diligence Model: A New Approach to the Problem of Odious Debts." Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 1 (2007): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00060.x.

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Odious debts are debts incurred by a government without either popular consent or a legitimate public purpose. There is a debate within academic circles as to whether the successor government to a regime that incurred odious debts has the right to repudiate repayment. In the real world, however, repudiation is not currently an option granted legitimacy by either global capital markets or the legal systems of creditor states. There are, thus, compelling reasons to reform the law of odious debts to allow for such repudiation in strictly limited circumstances. Beyond the moral problem of requirin

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9

Kasperowicz-Stępień, Alicja. "Problem bankructwa państwa." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, no. 919 (December 10, 2015): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/krem.715.

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Financial problems in many European countries have increasingly brought the issue of state bankruptcy to the fore. The rapid increase in a country's debt to GDP ratio can cause difficulties in the use of debt and thus reduce the country's creditworthiness. This paper presents the problem of state bankruptcy and debt restructuring methods used in the global economy.

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10

Mikuš, Marek, and Irene Sabaté Muriel. "Managing problem debt in Europe." Focaal 2025, no. 101 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2025.1010101.

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Abstract This introduction to the theme section proposes the concept of problem debt, understood as household debt deviating from actors’ and institutionalized norms about its course, and presents a relational and historical realist approach focused on the practices of marking and managing problem debt. We discuss key emic perspectives on problem debt, agencies directly involved in its management (debt apparatuses), and the interaction of varied understandings, interests and normative frameworks in complex social fields of problem debt management in which states play the leading, but neither m

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11

Kovalenko, Dmytro, Olga Afanasieva, Nani Zabuta, Tetiana Boiko, and Rosen Rosenov Baltov. "Model of Assessing the Overdue Debts in a Commercial Bank Using Neuro-Fuzzy Technologies." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5 (2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050216.

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This article considers the problems of overdue credit debt and the creation of effective methods to manage problem debts in banks. The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of overdue credit debt and create effective methods to manage problem debts in financial institutions. Based on a combination of tools of fuzzy logic theory and artificial neural networks, an economic-mathematical model of collection scoring was built. Kohonen self-organizing maps were used to set the parameters of membership functions in the process of fuzzification of quantitative variables of the built model. Dat

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12

HUSIEV, Artem. "State debt management in the context of Ukraine's economic development." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.5.3.

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The paper explores the theoretical and methodological basis of the concept of public debt management. The relationship between the problem of public debt and economic development of the country has been revealed. The dynamics of Ukraine's public debt for the period 2010-2019 have been analyzed. The default as a means of state debt policy has been investigated and its main economic consequences are presented. The international experience of managing public debt on the example of Argentina has been analyzed. The economic essence of technical default has been defined and the concept of technical

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13

Balyuk, I. A., and M. A. Balyuk. "External Debt Problem in the European Union." World of new economy 15, no. 2 (2021): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2021-15-2-47-61.

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The paper's relevance is substantiated by the fact that today a rapid growth of external debt of the most developed countries of the world (including European Union (EU) countries) is one of the most acute problems of the modern world economy and global finance. The paper aims to assess the degree of the external debt burden of various EU countries and evaluate the prospects of solving external debt problems in the EU. The article focuses on dynamics, composition, and specifics shaping the EU countries' external debt based on comparative, economic, statistical, and graphical analysis. Special

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14

Kukel, Galina. "World Experience in Regulating External Debt in Conditions of Financial and Economic Instability." Modern Economics 32, no. 1 (2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v32(2022)-06.

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Abstract. Introduction. This article is devoted to the state of public global public debt and new approaches towards its regulation in both developed and developing countries. The theoretical and methodological bases of effective external debt management are considered in the paper. Globalization of the world economy and finance has led to increasing of funds raised in the international debt market and strengthened its part in the system of world finance. Purpose. The subject of this research is public debt in different groups of countries. Analysis of the situation with global public debt and

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15

Chatterjee, Satyajit, and Burcu Eyigungor. "A Seniority Arrangement for Sovereign Debt." American Economic Review 105, no. 12 (2015): 3740–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130932.

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A sovereign’s inability to commit to a course of action regarding future borrowing and default behavior makes long-term debt costly (the problem of debt dilution). One mechanism to mitigate this problem is the inclusion of a seniority clause in debt contracts. In the event of default, creditors are to be paid off in the order in which they lent (the “absolute priority” or “first-in-time” rule). In this paper, we propose a modification of the absolute priority rule suited to sovereign debts contracts and analyze its positive and normative implications within a quantitatively realistic model of

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16

Abdu, Mohammed I. "Dealing with Egypt Public Debt Accumulation Problem." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 4 (2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i4.15569.

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This paper examines the public debt problem in Egypt, and provides new supportive and non-stereotyped ideas that could help to put public debt on a downturn and a sustainable pass. The analytical approach was used to identify the magnitude of the public debt problem through analyzing the debt structure, the increase in interest payments, and private investment crowding out. The study also evaluates the impact of the economic reform problem on the debt to GDP level; in addition to analyzing the implications of the government plan on debt structure and its associated risks. Some of these risks a

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17

Kasperowicz-Stępień, Alicja. "Problem ukrytego długu publicznego w Polsce." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, no. 907 (December 20, 2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/krem.797.

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The largest problem facing Polish public finance today is the rapid growth in public debt and the attendant costs of servicing it. According to government calculations, in 2010 public debt reached 54.9% of GDP. Yet to the government calculations must be added hidden public debt, which actually measures 180% of GDP. This paper analyses the level of evident and hidden public debt in Poland.

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18

International Monetary Fund, Wojciech, Serkan International Monetary Fund, John International Monetary Fund, et al. "Resolving China's Corporate Debt Problem." IMF Working Papers 16, no. 203 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475545289.001.

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19

Hoad-Reddick, G., J. R. Heath, P. Loughnane, C. Sugden, and M. L. Khakharia. "Student debt: an inevitable problem?" British Dental Journal 181, no. 8 (1996): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4809231.

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20

Wesson, Robert. "Wrapping up the Debt Problem." PS: Political Science and Politics 23, no. 3 (1990): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419796.

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21

Nikiforos, Michalis, Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, and Gennaro Zezza. "The Greek public debt problem." Nova Economia 25, spe (2015): 777–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/3552.

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Abstract: The present paper examines the issue of the Greek public debt. After providing a historical discussion, we show that the austerity of the last six years has been unsuccessful in stabilizing the debt while,at the same time,ithas takena heavy toll on the economy and society. The recent experience shows that the public debt is unsustainable and therefore a restructuring is needed. An insistence on the current policies is not justifiable either on pragmatic or on moral or any other grounds.The experience of Germany in the early post-WWII period provides some useful hints for the way forw

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22

Ritter, A. R. M. "Cuba’s convertible currency debt problem." CEPAL Review 1988, no. 36 (1988): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/1009d6ae-en.

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23

Selowsky, Marcelo, and Herman G. Van Der Tak. "The debt problem and growth." World Development 14, no. 9 (1986): 1107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(86)90114-2.

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24

Wesson, Robert. "Wrapping Up the Debt Problem." PS: Political Science & Politics 23, no. 03 (1990): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500033229.

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25

Han, Jiasen. "The Debt Problem of Evergrande." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 34, no. 1 (2023): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/34/20231679.

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Evergrande Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. was once a leading enterprise in China's real estate industry and one of the Fortune 500 companies. However, in the past few years, Evergrande fell into a huge debt crisis and was on the brink of bankruptcy. Although with the joint efforts of the leaders and employees of Evergrande Group, all core assets of Evergrande Group have been preserved, which allowing the company to continue normal operations. But the debt issue remains the biggest problem for Evergrande Group. This study conducted a survey and analysis based on the performance of Evergrande over

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26

Fitch, Chris, Robert Chaplin, Colin Trend, and Sharon Collard. "Debt and mental health: the role of psychiatrists." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 13, no. 3 (2007): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.106.002527.

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One in four people with mental health problems in Britain report debt or arrears, which is nearly three times the rate among individuals without similar conditions. Although health professionals commonly encounter debt among patients, some report that they lack basic knowledge to effectively intervene and that patient debt is often not acted on until a crisis emerges. Our aim in this article is to improve psychiatrists' knowledge and confidence in dealing with patient debt. We provide basic definitions of debt and problem debt; outline the impact that debt can have on patients' health, social

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27

Bhat, Kalim-Ullah, Shihua Chen, Yan Chen, and Khalil Jebran. "Debt capacity, debt choice, and underinvestment problem: Evidence from China." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 33, no. 1 (2020): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1699438.

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28

Burgt, Henry van der, Joost Beuving, Maurice Gesthuizen, and Toon van Meijl. "Class and kinship in problem debt." Focaal 2025, no. 101 (2025): 25–38. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2025.1010103.

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Abstract This article discusses problem debt in the Netherlands by considering debtors’ social connectedness, focusing especially on the role of kinship. The socioeconomic stratification approach entails problematic assumptions about class in private debt, but we contend that stratification offers only a partial explanation of why some groups acquire problem debt, and others do not. By instead drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's processual class interpretation, we unveil how individuals from particular debt groups actively and purposively mobilize their social relations network, converting social tra

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29

ЯКОВЛЕВА, М. М., И. Д. ЭЛЯКОВА, and М. Н. ОХЛОПКОВ. "FEATURES OF THE WORK OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS WITH PROBLEM LOANS." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 5(154) (July 1, 2023): 1216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.154.5.244.

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Статья посвящена проблемной задолженности и ее управлению в банковской сфере. Рассмотрены регламентирующие документы, определяющие правила работы с проблемными кредитами, а также особенности оценки и управления кредитным риском, методы взыскания задолженности и процедуры банкротства заемщиков. Описаны внутренние правила и процедуры кредитных организаций по работе с проблемной задолженностью. The article is devoted to problem debt and its management in the banking sector. Regulatory documents that define the rules for working with problem loans, as well as the features of assessing and managing

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30

ZHURAVLEVA, Tat'yana A., Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA, Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA, and Yuliya I. GREVTSEVA. "Household debt load in Russia: A study of the problem and related factors." National Interests: Priorities and Security 19, no. 1 (2023): 44–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.19.1.44.

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Subject. This article discusses the unstable economic situation in Russia and the policy of credit institutions. Objectives. The article aims to identify the causes and factors of rise in outstanding loans, including overdue to credit institutions. Methods. For the study, we used logical and statistical analyses. Results. The article finds that the loan debts of individuals, including overdue, is growing at a faster pace than the real disposable incomes of the population. Most regions of Russia are characterized by a high level of household debt load – over 50 percent. Conclusions. The level o

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31

Decoodt, Patrick. "The Foreign Debt Problem of Africa." Afrika Focus 3, no. 1-2 (1987): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0030102002.

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The foreign debt problem of Sub Saharan Africa {SSA), although an important obstacle against economic growth, is not the region's major economic problem. The creditors are less concerned about the relative small debt figures of SSA because of the lower risks for the equilibrium of the financial system. But from the debtors' viewpoint, the debt situation is possibly even more critical in low-income Africa than in the richer major debtor countries. SSA has a predominance of official creditors with the best obtainable credit terms. Notwithstanding these good terms, SSA is so poor that it has diff

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32

Apriyanto, Hendra, and Desni Raspita. "APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE TO PKPU APPLICATIONS BY DEBTORS AND BANKRUPTCY APPLICATIONS BY CREDITORS." JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review 6, no. 1 (2024): 192–97. https://doi.org/10.56371/jirpl.v6i1.355.

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Bankruptcy law is seen as a solution to the problem of debts and receivables that burden debtors who no longer have the ability to pay their debts to their creditors. PKPU is a period provided by law through a commercial judge's decision, during which the parties, namely creditors and debtors, are given the opportunity to discuss and agree on how to make debt payments by providing a payment plan for all or part of the debt. Request for Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) is a mechanism in bankruptcy law that provides an opportunity for debtors who are experiencing debt payment diff

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33

Hagelschuer, P., and A. Häger. "Has the regulation of old debts in the successor companies proven worthwhile?" Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 4 (2012): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5297-agricecon.

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The old debt problem resulting from the transformation of the agricultural co-operatives of the former GDR (German Democratic Republic) is described with respect to its evolution and its economic policy treatment during the process of transformation. So far, the measures for the treatment of old debts have had business economically stabilising effects. Nevertheless, debts are still growing. The farms which are affected by such old debts are strongly interested in solving this problem. This explains the intensity of the results&rsquo; discussion of a scientific expert opinion on an analysis

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34

Ismail, Nurizal, and Baiq Rosmala Dewi. "Maqasid Shariahs View and its Solution on Foreign Debt in Indonesia." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 1, no. 3 (2015): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2014.013-06.

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This study entitled Maqasid Shariahs View and Its Solution on Foreign Debt in Indonesia, aims to know the concept of debt from Islamic perspective and to analyze current issues foreign debt in Indonesia. Since economic crisis happened in European countries,Indonesia needs to be more careful in considering the impacts of the crisis. One of the causes was because of the high level of interest of the debts. It made most of crisis happened in many countries hard to pay back their debts. Therefore, it is needed to know how Islamic principles see the concept of debt and give the solution to the prob

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35

Zhang, Xi. "Analysis of the Objective Elements of the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debts." International Journal of Education and Humanities 11, no. 1 (2023): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v11i1.13083.

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In order to effectively regulate the repeated violent and soft-violence collection of loansharks, gambling debts and other illegal debts in social life, Amendment (XI) to the Criminal Law establishes the crime of collecting illegal debts. The establishment of this crime not only makes up for the legislative gap of "soft violence" debt collection in the field of criminal law, but also provides a solid legal support for actively combating the violent collection of illegal debts in future judicial practice, and reasonably differentiating the application of the crime. In this paper, in the context

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36

Sajid Ali, Syed, and Sadia Badar. "Dynamics of Circular Debt in Pakistan and Its Resolution." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 15, Special Edition (2010): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2010.v15.isp.a4.

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This paper examines the circular debt problem in the Pakistani energy sector. After presenting the profile of the energy sector in Pakistan, the paper explains why circular debt has emerged in the sector. Two principal reasons are discussed for the circular debt problem: First, consumer tariffs were insufficient to recover the rising costs of power generation and the government (due to fiscal constraints) was not compensating PEPCO for the resulting losses. Second, PEPCO has faced significant problems in recovering dues from consumers. In order to resolve the circular debt problem, sharp adjus

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37

Burney, Nadeem A. "Determinants of Debt Problem in Pakistan and its Debt-servicing Capacity." Pakistan Development Review 27, no. 4II (1988): 805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v27i4iipp.805-818.

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In the last decade, Pakistan's external debt obligations have risen to an unprecedented level. This is despite the fact that the country had been able to borrow on concessional terms from international organizations and foreign governments unlike many other developing countries. The situation has raised concern about the viability of the strategy of excessive dependence on foreign sources and the problems it poses for sustainable growth. Between 1970 and 1980 Pakistan's external debt grew at an average rate of 11.3 percent. Althol1gh, during the Eighties it has grown at a much slower rate, i.e

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38

Elali, Wajeeh. "DEBT‐EQUITY SWAPS AND THE ALLEVIATION OF THE LDCS DEBT PROBLEM." International Journal of Commerce and Management 5, no. 4 (1995): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047322.

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39

Piątkowski, Paweł. "Public Debt as a Problem of the European Union." Oeconomia Copernicana 5, no. 2 (2014): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2014.011.

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The article is aimed at analyzing the consequences of debt crisis in European Union. Special attention is paid to changes in economic policy. In the first paragraph theoretical background of public debt is presented. In the second paragraph the level of public debt in European Union is compared with other countries. Finally, changes in the public debt policy are presented.

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40

Griffith-Jones, Stephany. "Proposals to Manage the Debt Problem." Development Policy Review 3, no. 2 (1985): 153–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.1985.tb00418.x.

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41

Gale, William G. "Tackling the federal debt problem fairly." Journal of Economic Education 51, no. 3-4 (2020): 332–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2020.1804508.

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42

Moore, Des. "Debt - Is It Still A Problem?" Australian Economic Review 23, no. 3 (1990): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1990.tb00357.x.

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43

CHAPRA, M. UMER. "ISLAM AND THE INTERNATIONAL DEBT PROBLEM." Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 2 (1992): 214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/3.2.214.

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44

KRUKHMAL, Olena, and Oryna KOVRYHINA. "Analysis of problematic debt in the banking system of Ukraine." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 11/2 (November 21, 2019): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.11(2).2.

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Crisis phenomena has led to an increase in problem debt in banks' loan portfolios, a decline in lending and a decrease in the number of banking institutions in Ukraine. The issue of debt reduction remains an urgent problem for Ukrainian banks, as it affects the bank's liquidity and can lead to insolvency or even bankruptcy of a financial institution, so banks have to make significant reserves for credit risks, which directly affects the investment capacity of banking institutions. The article was written to investigate the nature of the concept of problem credit, analyze the dynamics of proble

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45

Vasiliev, V. S. "Federal debt pyramid and record budget deficits as a threat to national security of the USA." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 804–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2211-04.

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The article analyzes the transformation of the problem of federal debt and budget defi cits in the United States from a sphere that has a purely economic dimension to the most acute task of ensuring the US national security. It is emphasized that the main demarcation line that predetermined the distinction between the purely economic dimension of the problem of debts and defi cits and national economic security was the ratio of federal debt to GDP, equal to 119 %, recorded in the mid-1940s after the end of World War II. This indicator was considered a benchmark for the historical strength and

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Akai, Nobuo, and Tsuyoshi Goto. "The Fiscal Common Pool Problem, Municipal Mergers, and Spillovers." Public Finance Review 50, no. 3 (2022): 307–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10911421221105519.

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Mergers of local governments, commonly referred to as municipal mergers, have been widely implemented to internalize spillover effects. Many empirical studies point out that municipalities change the intertemporal budget allocation by increasing their debt issuance before mergers and they consider that this debt issuance is induced by the “fiscal common pool problem” because of pooled budgets after mergers. However, this phenomenon has yet to be analyzed theoretically. Therefore, this paper examines the mechanism of increased debt issuance before municipal mergers. We compare the debt issuance

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Zadoia, Oleksandr A. "GOVERNMENT DEBT AS A THREAT TO THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC SECURITY." Academic Review 2, no. 55 (2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2021-2-55-3.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of absolute and relative indicators of Ukraine’s public debt in order to identify threats to its economic security. A critical analysis of the “Guidelines for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine” in terms of assessing external threats and substantiated proposals for their improvement. The dynamics of total public debt in general and external debt, in particular, has been specially studied; the ratio of public debt to GDP and the state budget; public debt service costs. Particular attention is paid to the IMF composite index, which allows

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48

Pardamean H. Situmorang, Armen Siagian, Lizania Syahputri, Indrayani, Damsar, and Muammar Khaddafi. "COST OF CAPITAL DERIVED FROM LONG TERM DEBT." Journal of Accounting Research, Utility Finance and Digital Assets 1, no. 3 (2023): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/jaruda.v1i3.86.

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Long-term debt is a policy that is often taken by companies in order to develop their business or invest in the form of fixed assets or non-fixed assets that are used as capital, because a company may not use all of its own capital to invest so that through long-term debt this is how the company can invest and from the results of that investment the company can repay its debts. The decision to take long-term debt requires careful calculation, how much the company's ability to invest and run its business operations, so that long-term debt is not a problem but makes the company grow and develop.

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Hatcher, Simon. "Debt and Deliberate Self-poisoning." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 1 (1994): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.1.111.

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This study is a descriptive survey of financial difficulties in a consecutive series of patients who deliberately poisoned themselves. Over three months 160 such patients presented to the liaison psychiatry service at Leeds General Infirmary. Information was available on 147 of these patients, of whom 54 (37%) had problem debts. Patients in debt were more likely to harm themselves with greater suicidal intent and, after the episode, to report more symptoms of depression and hopelessness. Psychiatrists were more likely to diagnose mental illness in those in debt.

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Ramadhania, Liza Mashita. "A Dualistic Concept of Personal Guarantee Responsibility and Its Relevancy with Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligation A Dualism Of Personal Guarantee Responsibility In Indonesia Bankruptcy Law." LEGAL BRIEF 12, no. 1 (2023): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/legal.v12i1.751.

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Indonesia's legal system recognizes the concept of personal guarantee, which is a promise or guarantee of an individual as a third party to fulfil the debtor's obligations. The concept of guarantee in Indonesia regulates the roles and responsibilities of personal guarantees if the debtor cannot pay his debts. However, the problem is a dualism in theory or approach to personal guarantee responsibility, especially in carrying out debt collection in the debt settlement process in Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations ("PKPU"). This dualism exists in the approach to justify actions

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