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Journal articles on the topic 'Problem delimitation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Śleszyński, Przemysław, Jerzy Bański, Marek Degórski, and Tomasz Komornicki. "Delimitation of problem areas in Poland." Geographia Polonica 90, no. 2 (2017): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0088.

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Shah Alam, M., and Abdullah Al Faruque. "The Problem of Delimitation of Bangladesh’s Maritime Boundaries with India and Myanmar: Prospects for a Solution." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 25, no. 3 (2010): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180810x517015.

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AbstractThe sea areas of Bangladesh are reportedly rich in straddling fish stocks and mineral resources, including hydrocarbons. But a long-standing dispute over maritime boundary delimitation with India and Myanmar remains a major stumbling block in exploration of these resources. The overlapping claims of these three countries over the maritime zones in the Bay of Bengal need to be settled for peaceful exploration of natural resources. While India and Myanmar want to delimit the maritime boundary on the basis of the equidistance principle, Bangladesh demands that delimitation should be based on the equitable method. The special geographical circumstances of the coastal zones of these countries warrant that any delimitation, whether agreed or determined by a third party, must result in an equitable solution. The decisions of the international courts and tribunals, state practice, and the Law of the Sea Convention clearly demonstrate that there has been a shift from the equidistance principle to the equitable principle of delimitation and strongly indicate that the equitable principle is the preferred method of delimitation.

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Овчинников, Сергей. "Customs crimes in international law: the problem of delimitation." Криминологический журнал Байкальского государственного университета экономики и права 9, no. 4 (2015): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/1996-7756.2015.9(4).777-785.

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Kim, Hyun, Yongwan Chun, and Kamyoung Kim. "Delimitation of Functional Regions Using a p-Regions Problem Approach." International Regional Science Review 38, no. 3 (2013): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017613484929.

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Komornicki, Tomasz, Rafał Wiśniewski, and Andrzej Miszczuk. "Delimitacja przygranicznych obszarów problemowych = The delimitation of problem border areas." Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 4 (2019): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2019.4.2.

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While border areas are usually perceived as peripheral in nature, denoting only a limited level of economic development, it is clear that a border location might also be in a position to offer measurable benefit. In that context, work described here in relation to Poland has focused in on: (1) the delimitation of border areas; and (2) an identification and subdivision of units into those whose location by a state border brings either positive or negative economic consequences. The criterion applied most often in designating border areas is administrative (cf. Kałuski, 1990), with different hierarchical levels referred to (e.g. the NUTS 3 where pursuit of the EU policy on Territorial Cooperation is concerned; or LAU 2 where the need is to designate areas characterised by small-scale border traffic, with account then taken of the criterion of distance of a given administrative unit from the border). Alongside the administrative, a second main criterion relates simply to physical distance from a border, and usually gains application in denoting a zone of particularly intensive scrutiny by the Border Guard and other state services such as the Customs Administration (e.g. in the United States). Use of this criterion actually does much to hinder scientific research, given the lack of concordance with units of administration. Neither of the divisions referred to above embraces real functional linkages, while the real-life zone of impact of a border is likely to be indicated by just such linkages, of a socioeconomic nature, and specific in the sense that other parts of a country do not manifest them (Węcławowicz et al., 2006). Such linkages would seem to offer a basis to determine, first, if border areas actually exist at all, and, second, how they can be delimited in a detailed way, by reference to multiple criteria. It is certain that a key aspect is involved here, as the attempt is made to set the benefits of a border location against the “non-benefits”. But it is clear that attention also needs to be paid to the configuration of internal interactions, as aspects of a border location become all the more unfavourable the more peripherally a given unit is located. Ultimately, it is possible to indicate which border areas are actually problem areas, and to set these apart from other areas by a border whose geographical position ensures that a border represents no barrier to development and/or does not determine peripheral status. For the above reasons, the work presented here does indeed propose a delimitation based on real economic linkage (levels of export), as well as the degree to which regional centres are accessible from the given area. The first stage of the delimitation procedure thus takes in the designation of a border area formed from a belt of Polish communes (LAU 2) “two deep”. A second stage then sees elimination from this set of those units with a favourable location vis-à-vis the nearest regional centre (s), it being assumed that the proximity of these centres helps even out any potentially negative impact of the border; as well as with a high value for the statistic regarding the value of exports to the neighbouring country (the assumption then being that such units benefit from a border location, rather than suffering as a result of it). Units left behind following the application of this procedure were deemed to be border communes of problem status, potentially in need of support if they are to develop. In the event, such units are found to be located primarily along Poland’s borders with the Russian Federation, Lithuania, Belarus and Slovakia (as opposed to Germany, the Czech Republic and Ukraine). Unsurprisingly, it is communes by the Polish-German border that are seen to benefit most from their location. The authors set other divisions and classifications already in effect against the proposal for delimitation which is offered here, along with relevant recommendations for the development of regional policy.

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Dong, Jian, Hongchao Ji, Lulu Tang, Rencan Peng, and Zhiqiang Zhang. "Accuracy analysis and verification of the method for calculation of geodetic problem on earth ellipsoid surface." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124502033.

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The method for calculation of geodetic problem on earth ellipsoid surface is the basic premise for the realization of high-precision marine delimitation technology. Based on the analysis of the construction principle of the existing solution of geodetic problem method, the algorithm for direct geodetic problem solution(DGPS) based on nested coefficient method and Bessel’s inverse geodetic problem solution(IGPS), which are suitable for various distance solutions, are optimized. Then, the experimental verification scheme of the solution of geodetic problem is designed. Finally, the crossing and reducing accuracy of different calculation examples are verified by different geodetic problem solution methods, and the experiment shows that: the verified accuracy of point-position plotting, distance calculation and azimuth calculation meet the requirements of the indexes of high-precision marine delimitation.

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Moroz, Elena Nikolaevna. "Legal issues and prospects for delimitation of continental shelf in the Arctic." Международное право, no. 2 (February 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2021.2.34800.

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This article is dedicated to the relevant problem of delimitation of the Arctic territories. There are currently several different approaches towards this question, but the effective one is the mechanism proposed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The absence of consensus on delimitation of continental shelf is substantiated by the intersection of interests of the countries in the Arctic region and strategically crucial consequences of dividing the Arctic: this is the matter of national security, geopolitical supremacy, increase of economic potential, energy and environmental security. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of recent achievements and prospects for delimitation of continental shelf. The subject of this article is the problems of delimitation of the jurisdiction of countries in the Arctic region. Methodological framework is comprised of the chronological method and method of analysis. The conclusion is made that the definition of state boundaries in the Arctic is a long process; since the decisions of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf is of advisory nature, it may lead to the disputes between the countries over the rendered decisions. It should be noted that international law has the essential mechanisms and means for the peaceful delimitation of maritime boundaries in Arctic waters. The author believes that the final definition of boundaries in the Arctic would be achieved through the compromise between the polar countries, and thus signing bilateral agreements without relying on recommendations of the Commission. It is underlined that the conventional principle of delimitation of boundaries in the Arctic Ocean does not meet the national interests of the Arctic Five, and requires a different approach due to the peculiarities of the ocean. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of existing principles, instruments and problems of delimitation of boundaries in the Arctic, as well as in conclusions formulated by the author. The solution to the outlined problems can become the preservation of the international seabed within the framework of the concept common heritage of mankind in the area of the Gakkel Ridge, and in the area of Lomonosov Ridge delineation by the sectoral principle.

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MORALES-HOJAS, R., and A. KRUEGER. "The species delimitation problem in theSimulium damnosumcomplex, blackfly vectors of onchocerciasis." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 23, no. 3 (2009): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00816.x.

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Nadler, Steven. "Species delimitation and nematode biodiversity: phylogenies rule." Nematology 4, no. 5 (2002): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685410260438908.

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AbstractPractitioners of nematode taxonomy have rarely been explicit about what species represent or how data are being used to delimit species prior to their description. This lack of explicitness reflects the broader species problem common to all biology: there is no universally accepted idea of what species are and, as a consequence, scientists disagree on how to go about finding species in nature. However, like other biologists, nematologists seem to agree that species are real and discrete units in nature, and that they result from descent with modification. This evolutionary perspective provides a conceptual framework for nematologists to view species as independent evolutionary lineages, and provides approaches for their delimitation. Specifically, species may be delimited scientifically by methods that can test the hypothesis of lineage independence. For sequence data, such hypothesis testing should be based on sampling many individual organisms for multiple loci to avoid mistaking tokogeny and gene trees as evidence of species. Evolutionary approaches to analysing data and delimiting species avoid the inherent pitfalls in approaches that use all observed sequence differences to define species through calculation of a genetic distance. To illustrate evolutionary species delimitation, molecular data are used to test the hypothesis that hookworms parasitic in northern fur seals and in California sea lions represent separate species. The advantages and potential caveats of employing nucleotide sequence data for species delimitation are discussed, and the merits of evolutionary approaches are contrasted to inherent problems in similarity-based methods.

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DeSalle, Rob, Mary G. Egan, and Mark Siddall. "The unholy trinity: taxonomy, species delimitation and DNA barcoding." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1462 (2005): 1905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1722.

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Recent excitement over the development of an initiative to generate DNA sequences for all named species on the planet has in our opinion generated two major areas of contention as to how this ‘DNA barcoding’ initiative should proceed. It is critical that these two issues are clarified and resolved, before the use of DNA as a tool for taxonomy and species delimitation can be universalized. The first issue concerns how DNA data are to be used in the context of this initiative; this is the DNA barcode reader problem (or barcoder problem). Currently, many of the published studies under this initiative have used tree building methods and more precisely distance approaches to the construction of the trees that are used to place certain DNA sequences into a taxonomic context. The second problem involves the reaction of the taxonomic community to the directives of the ‘DNA barcoding’ initiative. This issue is extremely important in that the classical taxonomic approach and the DNA approach will need to be reconciled in order for the ‘DNA barcoding’ initiative to proceed with any kind of community acceptance. In fact, we feel that DNA barcoding is a misnomer. Our preference is for the title of the London meetings—Barcoding Life. In this paper we discuss these two concerns generated around the DNA barcoding initiative and attempt to present a phylogenetic systematic framework for an improved barcoder as well as a taxonomic framework for interweaving classical taxonomy with the goals of ‘DNA barcoding’.

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Ильинская, Ольга, and Olga Iliinskaya. "Legal Basis of Territorial Delimitation between Russia and Japan." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 5 (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19224.

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The author deals with the issue, that has been widely considered in a number of scientific researches and has been regularly raised by Japan, — the problem of the so called “northern territories”. Having analyzed various international legal instruments, domestic and foreign scientists’ research papers, the author pays attention to some translation inaccuracies between the original text and the text in the Japanese language in the Simoda treaty, 1855, and the Saint-Petersburg treaty, 1875. Those mistakes have been used by Japan to prove the thesis that the term “the Kurils” doesn’t include Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and the Habomais. Besides, special attention is paid to the analysis of international legal instruments that were adopted during and after the World War II, for the purpose of ascertaining whether the Japan territorial claims are well-grounded. At the end of the article the author offers the way to overcome the long-standing “Kuril problem”.

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Nelms, Taylor C. "‘The problem of delimitation’: parataxis, bureaucracy, and Ecuador's popular and solidarity economy." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21, no. 1 (2015): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12149.

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Korpel, Marjo. "Who Is Speaking in Jeremiah 4:19-22? The Contribution of Unit Delimitation to an Old Problem." Vetus Testamentum 59, no. 1 (2009): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853308x372964.

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AbstractStudy of the unit delimitation in a number of ancient manuscripts lends extra support to the view that the speaker of the lament in Jer 4:19-21 is Lady Zion and that Jer 4:22 is a later addition.

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Liao, Xuexia. "Is There a Hierarchical Relationship between Natural Prolongation and Distance in the Continental Shelf Delimitation?" International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, no. 1 (2018): 79–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12323032.

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Abstract If a coastal State claims a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (nm) that intrudes into the 200-nm limit of another State, the problem arises as to whether there is a hierarchical relationship between natural prolongation and distance, the two criteria of entitlement to the continental shelf provided by Article 76 of the un Convention on the Law of the Sea. A positive answer would mean that the continental shelf beyond 200 nm cannot encroach upon the 200-nm limit, otherwise there would be an area of overlapping entitlements which calls for maritime delimitation. This article attempts to analyse this problem from the perspectives of Article 76, relevant judicial cases, State practice, and the relationship between the regimes of the continental shelf and the Exclusive Economic Zone. It is submitted that the law is not conclusive, though a majority of coastal States tend to adopt a self-constraint approach. In addition, this problem brings further challenges to the law of maritime delimitation.

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Julia, S., E. Soepadmo, and W. Yahud. "Problem in the generic delimitation between Alseodaphne, Dehaasia and Nothaphoebe (Lauraceae) in Borneo." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 54, no. 1 (2009): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651909x476148.

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Almár, Iván, and Elöd Both. "THE DELIMITATION PROBLEM—SELECTING THE BASIC LIST OF TERMS FOR AN ASTRONAUTICAL DICTIONARY." Acta Astronautica 50, no. 2 (2002): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(01)00195-3.

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Ellis, Derek M., Matthew K. Robison, and Gene A. Brewer. "The Cognitive Underpinnings of Multiply-Constrained Problem Solving." Journal of Intelligence 9, no. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010007.

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Individuals encounter problems daily wherein varying numbers of constraints require delimitation of memory to target goal-satisfying information. Multiply-constrained problems, such as the compound remote associates, are commonly used to study this type of problem solving. Since their development, multiply-constrained problems have been theoretically and empirically related to creative thinking, analytical problem solving, insight problem solving, and a multitude of other cognitive abilities. In the present study, we empirically evaluated the range of cognitive abilities previously associated with multiply-constrained problem solving to assess common versus unique predictive variance (i.e., working memory, attention control, episodic and semantic memory, and fluid and crystallized intelligence). Additionally, we sought to determine whether problem-solving ability and self-reported strategy adoption (analytical or insightful) were task specific or task general through the use of novel multiply-constrained problem-solving tasks (TriBond and Location Bond). Performance across these tasks was shown to be domain general, solutions derived through insightful strategies were more often correct than those derived through analytical strategies, and crystallized intelligence was the sole cognitive ability that provided unique predictive value after accounting for all other abilities.

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Pászto, Vít, Jaroslav Burian, Lukáš Marek, Vít Voženílek, and Pavel Tuček. "Membership of Czech municipalities to rural and urban areas: a fuzzy-based approach." Geografie 121, no. 1 (2016): 156–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2016121010156.

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Due to the ongoing changes in settlement, it is becoming increasingly difficult to properly define rural and urban areas in Czechia. This delimitation problem has been intensively studied in Europe, including Czechia, for decades, but only the “crisp” rules have been set for this purpose. This is no longer sufficient because of substantial population movements. Our research focused on applying the fuzzy set theory to the delimitation of rural and urban areas and on a subsequent visualization and statistical comparison. This paper focuses on an introduction of such approaches and aims to present the chances of using geocomputational methods in geographical research. The main result is a new methodology that applies the principles of fuzzy approach (fuzzy sets and numbers operations, fuzzy regulation) on socio-economic data to show the transitional character of municipalities. Two ways of fuzzy approach, the easy-to-obtain Łukasiewicz T-norm and the more complex fuzzy regulation, are used in order to demonstrate its advantage over the Boolean logic procedure in the delimitation of rural and urban areas.

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Korzhenevsky, K. B. "Territorial Delimitation between Altai, Omsk and Semipalatinsk Provinces in 1925." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-371-383.

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A detailed analysis of the process of demarcation of the Altai province from the Omsk province of the RSFSR and the Semipalatinsk province of the Kirghiz (since June 1925 — Kazak) ASSR, which were first involved in scientific circulation is carried out on the basis of the archival documents. It is shown that it consisted in an attempt by the Altai authorities to withdraw the territory of the Narrow Steppe from under their jurisdiction and transfer it to the adjacent provinces in the first half of 1925. The history of this border issue, which arose as a result of the inclusion of the Korostelevskaya steppe in the Kyrgyz ASSR, is investigated. The course of discussion of changes in the border line between the authorities of the three provinces and Moscow is described. Various arguments proposed by the parties, options for resolving the problem that have arisen are considered; and also, it is explained why, in the end, the disputed border territory remained part of Siberia. It is noted that the attempts of the leadership of the Altai province to transfer part of the territory of the Uglovsky district with the “Narrow Steppe” tract under the control of the Omsk and Semipalatinsk provinces are noted. It is concluded that the issue of the status of the Narrow Steppe during the nationalterritorial demarcation between Siberia and Kazakhstan was one of the most difficult and went beyond the traditional ways of solving similar problems.

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Botía Sanabria, María Lucero, and Luis Humberto Orozco Pulido. "Critical review of problem solving processes traditional theoretical models." International Journal of Psychological Research 2, no. 1 (2009): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.879.

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This paper presents a brief analysis of most known problem solving theoretical models realized using epistemological categories such as observer position, object of study, methods and procedures, and descriptive or explicative scope. The review showed linear and cyclical models, the need to recognize method's limitations to generalizing, the relevance of expliciting observer position, and a diffuse delimitation of the object problem solving as a cognitive process. An integrative and molar theoretical model of problem solving as a dependent variable is proposed whose variations go with critical cognitive processes (information processing, comprehension, reasoning, cognitive styles, and attitudes). Its molar feature refers to that it integrates basic and high order processes in a general cognitive activity; this proposal has to be extensively tested.

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Cruz López, Dalaal Rosario, and Bárbara Muñoz Alonso Reyes. "Delimitation of Anxiety Disorder with Panic Attacks and Therapeutic Considerations for Approach." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (2020): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug072.

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One of the most acute mental health problems in recent years is anxiety disorders, where panic disorder is the most invalidating and suffering expression on the part of the sufferer. The research in this regard is extensive, from its causes and neurobiological expressions, through the pharmacology of its treatment and the usefulness of psychotherapy in the treatment and accompaniment of the patient. However, the divergences in the choice of psychotherapeutic current to use in these cases, makes it difficult to approach the theoretical causes of the problem, as well as the solution. This article aims to clarify the diagnostic and theoretical differences between panic disorders and other expressive disorders of pathological anxiety, in addition to conducting a longitudinal study of the treatment of patients diagnosed with severe anxiety, known as panic, with a humanist cutting therapy with cognitive-behavioral elements, finding their level of elevated efficacy, 80% of cases evaluated are resolved are resolved , in terms of remission of symptoms, in a time less than or equal to 10 months, assessing the patient's perception of the most useful intervention parts and the periodicity affordable for them.

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Pavlova, Margarita. "Delimitation and Correlation of Civil and Administrative Legal Proceedings: Qualification Problems and Criteria." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 18, no. 2 (2020): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/18.2.335-348(2020).

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This article is devoted to the problem of delimitation and correlation of civil and administrative manners of proceeding. The purpose of the research is to define clear criteria to delimit the civil and administrative legal proceedings to increase the efficiency of civil and administrative legislation regulations when solving disputes connected with the violation of rights, liberties and legitimate interests of an individual. The said is based on the hypothesis that the scope of public-administrative relations is wider than the scope of relations that are governed by the norms of administrative law. Classification problem in the study is considered in the context of defining proceeding manners (administrative or civil). Besides, the cases of courts of general jurisdiction have served as a research base. The author suggests some criteria models for delimiting administrative and civil court proceedings by the legal classification between the parties as well as by the suit character of stated claims. The latter in the future might lead to the formation of new, more accurate methods of applying administrative norms and a reduction in the number of precedents for incorrect proceedings.

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DROTZ, MARCUS K., ANSSI SAURA, and ANDERS N. NILSSON. "The species delimitation problem applied to the Agabus bipustulatus complex (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) in north Scandinavia." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 73, no. 1 (2001): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01343.x.

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Orlińska-Woźniak, Paulina, Paweł Wilk, and Ewa Szalińska. "Delimitation of nutrient vulnerable zones - a comprehensive method to manage a persistent problem of agriculture." Agricultural Systems 183 (August 2020): 102858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102858.

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Oliveira, Anna Luiza Garção, Onaldo José Nunes Filho, Olívio Fiorese Neto, Fabrício Borges Amaral, Regiane Lima Rodrigues, and Thiago Augusto Mendes. "Geoenvironmental Analysis for the Delimitation of the Construction waste Disposal Área." Baru 3, no. 2 (2017): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/baru.v3i2.6169.

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Abstract: the intense production of construction and demolition waste (RCCD) in city spaces is a central problem for public management, especially in view of the difficulty in finding suitable places for the disposal of this waste without this poses a risk to the environment. In this sense, the present study aims to identify geoenvironmental aspects (geological, geomorphological and hydrological dynamics) for the evaluation of the terrain with the aid of GIS tools and field expeditions. In order to do so, the methodological stages were systematically systematized. They were: thematic maps, interviews with residents and technicians of the City Hall, monitoring of the deposit formation process and final environmental diagnosis. Finally, it was possible to list and propose structural and non-structural, corrective and mitigating measures for the area of deposit and permanent balance with the environment and with the predominant forms of use and occupation of the region.Análise Geoambiental para Delimitação de Área de Depósito de Resíduos de Construção CivilResumo: a intensa produção de resíduos de construção civil e demolição (RCCD) nos espaços das cidades constitui um problema central para a gestão pública, especialmente diante da dificuldade em se encontrar lugares adequados para deposição destes resíduos sem que isso configure um risco à população . Nesse sentido, o presente estudo visa elencar aspectos geoambientais (geológicos, geomorfológicos e dinâmica hidrológica) para avaliação do terreno com o auxílio de ferramentas SIG e expedições de campo. Para tanto, sistematizou-se, sequencialmente, as etapas metodológicas, sendo elas: elaboração de mapas temáticos, entrevistas com moradores e técnicos da Prefeitura Municipal, acompanhamento do processo de formação do depósito e diagnóstico ambiental final. Por fim, foi possível elencar e propor medidas estruturais e não-estruturais, corretivas e mitigadoras para a área do depósito possibilitando equilíbrio ambiental em consonância com as formas de uso e ocupação predominantes da região.

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Wang, Hua, Wenwen Li, Wei Huang, and Ke Nie. "A Multi-Objective Permanent Basic Farmland Delineation Model Based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040243.

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The delimitation of permanent basic farmland is essentially a multi-objective optimization problem. The traditional demarcation methods cannot simultaneously take into account the requirements of cultivated land quality and the spatial layout of permanent basic farmland, and it cannot balance the relationship between agriculture and urban development. This paper proposed a multi-objective permanent basic farmland delimitation model based on an immune particle swarm optimization algorithm. The general rules for delineating the permanent basic farmland were defined in the model, and the delineation goals and constraints have been formally expressed. The model introduced the immune system concepts to complement the existing theory. This paper describes the coding and initialization methods for the algorithm, particle position and speed update mechanism, and fitness function design. We selected Xun County, Henan Province, as the research area and set up control experiments that aligned with the different targets and compared the performance of the three models of particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial immune algorithm (AIA), and the improved AIA-PSO in solving multi-objective problems. The experiments proved the feasibility of the model. It avoided the adverse effects of subjective factors and promoted the scientific rationality of the results of permanent basic farmland delineation.

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Belopolskaya, N. L. "Concepts of mental health and pathology: psychological criteria." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 3 (2015): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080307.

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Earlier we have developed criterion for delimitation of psychic norm and pathology, which are then subjected to repeated analysis and evaluation in the process of our researches and practices (Belopolskaya, 1998). As a result, the combined test was developed, which includes three partial criteria. This article contains examples of usage of the criteria and their possible combinations. The problem of relativity of the concept of «mental norm» is under discussion.

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Pietrzak, Michał, and Monika Roman. "THE PROBLEM OF GEOGRAPHICAL DELIMITATION OF AGRI-FOOD MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM THE BUTTER MARKET IN EUROPEAN UNION." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 17, no. 3 (2018): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.3.40.

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Although market is a basic economic category, many studies neglect the need to define it in geographical dimension. It is fundamentally important in agribusiness, where the spatial competition and problem of market power at successive stages of supply chain occur. The aims of the paper are twofold: to discuss the problem of geographical delimitation of agricultural markets and to define geographic limits of the butter market based on Elzinga–Hogarty method. Using secondary data we find that the butter market is international in the scope, and after the abolition of the milk quota, this scope is evolving from European to semi-global.

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Piemontese, L., I. Giovannini, R. Guidetti, et al. "The species identification problem in mirids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) highlighted by DNA barcoding and species delimitation studies." European Zoological Journal 87, no. 1 (2020): 310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2020.1773948.

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Armstrong, Joseph E. "THE DELIMITATION OF BIGNONIACEAE AND SCROPHULARIACEAE BASED ON FLORAL ANATOMY, AND THE PLACEMENT OF PROBLEM GENERA." American Journal of Botany 72, no. 5 (1985): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08336.x.

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Bański, Jerzy, Marek Degórski, Tomasz Komornicki, and Przemysław Śleszyński. "The delimitation of areas of strategic intervention in Poland: A methodological trial and its results." Moravian Geographical Reports 26, no. 2 (2018): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2018-0007.

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Abstract This main aim of this study is the examination and discussion of a conceptual and theoretical model for Poland’s areas of strategic intervention. Following a review of the current strategic documents at national and regional levels, it is possible to propose two basic categories of areas of strategic intervention: 1) growth areas (territories with natural or socioeconomic properties particularly favourable for development); and 2)problem areas (territories with unfavourable features and socioeconomic and/or natural processes). Among the problem areas it is possible to distinguish three main types: the social, the economic and the natural, albeit with the possibility of applying an even more detailed typology that allows for combinations of these types. Scientific findings can be combined with the results of empirical research to encourage the proposal of a new method of delimiting areas of strategic intervention. The identification of growth areas is primarily based on expert knowledge, which is clearly qualitative. In turn, the processes by which problem areas are delimited is quantitative in nature, reflecting analyses of selected diagnostic indicators that take social, economic and natural issues into account. The results which were obtained relate to the concept of endogenous development, as well as the assumptions under pinning policies of territorial cohesion.

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Radinkovic, Zeljko. "Fiction concept by Hans Vaihinger." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 163 (2017): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1763447r.

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This text primarily deals with Hans Vaihinger?s fiction theory. Emphasizing the central role of scientific fiction in that theory, it attempts to give a critical account of Vaihinger?s philosophical theory of ?As if?. On the one hand, this analysis of the philosophy of ?As if? includes conceptual delimitation between the notion of fiction and concepts of fantasy, hypothesis, and regulatory ideas. On the other hand, it points out to some problems related to Vaihinger?s constructivist-pragmatic approach to the problem of fiction, such as a tendency towards an unreasonable extension of the notion of fiction, and a tendency towards the integration of other forms of fictionality into scientific fiction.

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Panchenko, Iryna. "Problems of delimitation of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.3.2020.67.

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The article gradually considers the negotiation process between Ukraine and the Russian Federation on the delimitation of theSea of Azov and the Kerch Strait from 1991 to the present. It was established that according to the map of the inter-republican borderbetween the Ukrainian SSR and the Russian SSR, and according to the division of maritime waters on the basis of international law,Russia should get a smaller part of the Sea of Azov. That is why Russia was not interested in the rapid establishment of a state borderon water. It was advantageous for Russia to delay the negotiation process on this issue and use the Sea of Azov on the same terms asbefore the collapse of the USSR.The article also focuses on numerous attempts of Ukrainian diplomats to achieve legal certainty in the delimitation of the Sea ofAzov and the Kerch Strait. A total of 36 rounds of border talks about the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait, held from 1996 to 2012under the leadership of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, showed that Russia was ready to delimit the Sea of Azov only onits own terms but not on the basis of international maritime law.After the annexation of Crimea, a new round of relations begins regarding the division of the Black Sea. Russia acted quicklyand in March 2014 announced a tender for a construction project of a bridge that would connect mainland Russia and the CrimeanPeninsula, which at that time had already been illegally incorporated into the Russian Federation. Moscow has stated that the KerchStrait should be fully controlled by them, as both shores are Russian.In 2016, Ukraine filed a lawsuit against Russia in the Hague Arbitration Court for breaking the UN Convention on the Law ofthe Sea in the Black and Azov Seas and in the Kerch Strait. For today we don’t know what decision will be made by the Hague tribunal,but there is reason to believe that the chances for winning of Ukraine are high.The problem of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait has no simple solution. For today the only option is to wait for a decisionof the Arbitration Tribunal. Only on its basis Ukraine will be able to achieve the best strategy of the relations with Russia on the delimitationthe Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait.

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Baran, Beata. "THE DUALITY OF COURT PROCEEDINGS IN MATTERS RELATED TO THE PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRISON SERVICE OFFICERS." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XIX (2019): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3598.

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In this article, the author presents the problem of duality of court proceedings in matters related to the Prison Service officers. The starting point is the statement that de lege lata there operates two categories of the proceedings, i.e. before administrative courts and before labor courts. The work proposed the adoption of a delimitation rule, which will allow dispelling doubts regarding claims connected with the broadly understood content of the professional relationship of the Prison Service officers.

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Grosche, Nils. "Effektive Kompetenzabgrenzung aufgrund oder durch Verhältnismäßigkeit?" Der Staat: Volume 60, Issue 2 60, no. 2 (2021): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/staa.60.2.273.

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Der Grundsatz der Verhältnismäßigkeit steht im Zentrum der Auseinandersetzung über die Kompetenzabgrenzung durch die Verfassungsgerichte im europäischen Verfassungsverbund. Auf den ersten Blick wirkt seine Heranziehung schlicht als fortgesetzte Proliferation eines gleichermaßen tradierten wie profilierten öffentlich-rechtlichen Maßstabs in einem unionseigenen Kontext, dem Vorgaben für die Kompetenzabgrenzung einfach entnommen werden können. Der Beitrag behandelt die Möglichkeit einer hiervon abzugrenzenden Verständnisweise des Abstellens auf den Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatz seitens des Bundesverfassungsgerichts. Hiernach soll die Anknüpfung an den Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatz lediglich dazu dienen, spezifische Anforderungen an eine effektive Kompetenzabgrenzung einzulösen, ohne diese notwendig selbst zu enthalten. Die in Rede stehenden Anforderungen sind Antworten auf ein bestimmtes Problem: die Fähigkeiten des Normadressaten, durch geschickte Konstruktionen Kompetenzbindungen abzustreifen. The principle of proportionality is at the center of the judicial controversy concerning the question of EU institutions exceeding their respective competences. At first glance the reference to the principle of proportionality simply marks a new use case of a ubiquitously utilized standard of judicial review entailing specific requirements for the delimitation of competences. The article argues for a different perception of the application of the principle of proportionality by the German Federal Constitutional Court. According to this perception the principle of proportionality serves as a proxy in order to incorporate certain requirements for the effective delimitation of competences. These requirements are triggered by a specific problem: the capabilities of an addressee of a rule to circumvent it via smart design.

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Chirita, Valentin. "DELIMITATION OF HOSTAGE-TAKING FROM BLACKMAIL OFFENSES AND OTHER SIMILAR CRIMINAL ACTS." National Law Journal, no. 1(243) (July 2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1811-0770.2021.1(243).03.

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The delimitation of this offense from other similar components is of special importance in order to perform a correct deed qualification according to article No. 280 of the Penal Code of RM. The analysis of the problem in question has a great significance for both theory and judicial practice. The delimitation of the hostage-taking from other similar offenses is to be performed on the basis of the objective and subjective signs by which the respective components differ. The offense provided in art. 280 of the Penal Code of the RM is connected with a series of misdemeanors, which threaten, first of all, the freedom of a person, the transport security, as well as patrimonial relations. This type of offense refers to: blackmail (art. 189 of the Penal Code of RM), kidnapping of a person (art. 164 of the Penal Code of RM), illegal deprivation of liberty (art. 166 of the Penal Code of RM), hijacking or capture of a train, an aircraft, maritime or fluvial ship (art. 275 CP) etc.

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Somers, E. "The Problem of the Wielingen : The Delimitation of the Belgian Territorial Sea with Respect to the Netherlands." International Journal of Estuarine and Coastal Law 3, no. 1 (1988): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187529988x00021.

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Infantino, Lorenzo. "Adam Smith and the problem of unintended consequences." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 35, no. 2 (2020): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569120x15971433500236.

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Over the years, libraries have accumulated an enormous number of books concerning the work of Adam Smith. Yet, research covering the methodology adopted by the great Scot occupies very little space. This is probably due to the fact that, while Smith was an all-round scholar, specialisation in research activity has progressively reduced the scope of knowledge of each of us. It is therefore rare to find one researcher covering Smith’s entire opus. If, however, we manage to overcome the barriers of specialisation, it is possible to perceive a common denominator that holds the various phases of Smith’s activity together. This denominator is methodological in nature. From his History of astronomy, Smith set himself the problem of the unintended consequences of intentional human actions. He understood that looking at everything that happens as a direct outcome of human will or divine will prevents us from seeing that there is a ‘third person’ that we must take into account: social interaction – that is to say, the process of co-adaptation of individual plans from which, without any design on our part, our rules and institutions are born. Attention to unintended consequences is present in every one of Smith’s works, and it touches on topics ranging from the origin of moral rules to the formation of the self, and from social cooperation to the delimitation of the sphere of intervention of public power.

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Martin, Craig. "Delimiting Religion." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 21, no. 2 (2009): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006809x431015.

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AbstractThe problem of the definition of religion sparks perennial discussion; unfortunately much of the debate over the use of the word produces more confusion than understanding—some scholars suggest that religion cannot be defined and others suggest that all definitions are inadequate to religion. Through a consideration of the nature of language and Gary Lease's claim that "there is no religion," this essay attempts to clear away some of the incoherencies and to set out what we can and cannot say about the delimitation of the category "religion."

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Irawan, Dedy Setyo, and Harvini Wulansari. "Pengukuran Pihak Ketiga Pasca Asas Contradictoire Delimitatie di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dan Pasuruan." Tunas Agraria 3, no. 2 (2020): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/jta.v3i2.107.

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Abstract: Complete Systematic Land Registration is a program which taken by the government in providing legal certainty in the field of land in Indonesia. PTSL activities at Sidoarjo Regency and Pasuruan Regency Land Office are carried out with third parties. Before starting the measurement, it is necessary to carry out the contradictoire delimitatie principle to ensure legal certainty of ownership of land rights. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data analysis carried out by compiling logically proportional statements to answer research questions. Problem analysis is carried out by making a description based on premier data and secondary data obtained through interviews and observations of implementation. The results of the research showed that the implementation of the contradictoire delimitatie principle is broadly following PP. No. 24 of 1997 and PMNA KaBPN No. 3 of 1997. The results of the study also showed that there were obstacles in the implementation of the contradictoire delimitatie principle, such as the third parties were not following technical guidelines No. 01 / JUKNIS-300/1/2018 annex 10 in the making of measurement drawings. Quality control is needed to improve the quality of work and results of third party products and minimize land problems in the future.Keywords: principle of contradictoire delimitation, third party. Intisari : Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) merupakan langkah pemerintah dalam memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dalam bidang pertanahan di Indonesia. Kegiatan PTSL di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sidoarjo dan Kabupaten Pasuruan dilaksanakan bekerjasama dengan Pihak Ketiga yang sebelumnya melalui tahapan asas contradictoire delimitatie untuk menjamin kepastian hukum kepemilikan hak atas tanah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik analisa yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menyusun pernyataan-pernyataan proposional secara logis untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Analisa permasalahan dilakukan dengan membuat uraian berdasarkan data premier dan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui wawancara serta observasi langsung terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan asas contradictoire delimitatie secara garis besar telah sesuai dengan PP. No. 24 Tahun 1997 dan PMNA KaBPN No. 3 Tahun 1997. Dalam pelaksanaanya terdapat hambatan yakni pembuatan Gambar Ukur oleh Pihak Ketiga tidak sesuai dengan pedoman JUKNIS No. 01/JUKNIS-300/1/2018 lampiran 10. Sehingga diperlukan pengawasan kendali mutu terkait pekerjaan dan hasil produk dari Pihak Ketiga agar kedepannya hasil pekerjaan yang dihasilkan lebih baik dan tidak menjadi permasalahan pertanahan dikemudian hari.Kata Kunci : asas contradictoire delimitatie, pihak ketiga.

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Medrano, Mónica, Esmeralda López-Perea, and Carlos M. Herrera. "Population Genetics Methods Applied to a Species Delimitation Problem: Endemic Trumpet Daffodils (NarcissusSectionPseudonarcissi) from the Southern Iberian Peninsula." International Journal of Plant Sciences 175, no. 5 (2014): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675977.

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Gensel, Patricia G., and Kathleen B. Pigg. "An arborescent lycopsid from the Lower Carboniferous Price Formation, southwestern Virginia, USA and the problem of species delimitation." International Journal of Coal Geology 83, no. 2-3 (2010): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.11.005.

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Herisanu, Nicolae, Vasile Bacria, Calin Fiat, and Ionut Damian. "Delimiting and Protecting Quiet Areas in an Urban Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 801 (October 2015): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.801.66.

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This paper is concerned with the problem of quiet areas in Timisoara City. According to the strategic noise map of Timisoara City, which has been updated in 2013, there were identified some potential quiet areas, which are needed in order to comply with the European Noise Directive. We present the conditions for these potential quiet areas to become real quiet areas, delimitation and measures designed for the proposed aim, and also measures which should be implemented in the next five years to protect and preserve them. The analysis is performed with the help of predictions based on some noise maps.

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Kiklewicz, Aleksander. "Teoria dyskursu a stylistyka." LingVaria 13, no. 26 (2018): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.13.2018.26.16.

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Theory of Discourse and StylisticsThe subject of this article is the structure of modern scientific knowledge in the field of communicative linguistics, including such fields and disciplines as stylistics, pragmatics (functional pragmatics), text linguistics, (new) rhetoric, discoursology, genology, etc. The author focuses on the problem of delimitation of functional stylistics and the theory of discourse, in the perspective of their subjects and thematic fields. The theoretical problem is that the multiplication of concepts, models, and terminological systems makes it unclear whether we are dealing with different concepts, with different names for the same concepts, with different linguistic objects, or with different phenomena/facts of verbal behaviour. The author offers a unified communicative basis for research in the field of style and discourse, while considering these categories within the stratification model of verbal behaviour.

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Sandner, Gerhard, and Beate Ratter. "Topographical problem areas in the delimitation of maritime boundaries and their political relevance: Case studies from the Western Caribbean." Ocean and Shoreline Management 15, no. 4 (1991): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8312(91)90022-t.

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Semeryanova, Nina, Anna Kopytova, Ludmila Dolnikova, and Vladimir Morozkov. "Correlation of norms of federal and regional legislation as a condition for building an integrated system for regulating civil law relations (on the example of transport regulation)." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823904008.

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The urgency of the problem under investigation is caused by the contradictions between regional and federal legislation in the regulation of civil relations, which hamper the optimization and achievement of the balance of the Russian legislative framework. Such contradictions are most clearly seen in the field of transport law. The purpose of the article is to update the problematic issues of the correlation between the norms of regional and federal legislation, the issues of delimitation of private and public regulation. The leading approach to the study of this problem is dialectics, analysis, synthesis, deduction, formal-legal method. The analysis can help to understand the formative elements of law governing the legal field of private and public regulation, the adoption of regional instruments that contribute to the full and comprehensive regulation of civil relations, including the field of transport commitments.

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Bogachev, V. A., A. S. Kravets, and T. V. Bogachev. "Mathematical methods in studying the territorial oligopolistic market of freight transportation." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022402026.

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A multi-agent approach has been developed to find the optimal distribution of freight traffic on the considered railway loop for multimodal transportation carried out within the framework of an oligopolistic market. At the first stage of research, the method of economic-geographical delimitation of the «influence areas» of loading stations, developed earlier by the authors, is applied. The obtained territorial picture of the rational distribution of traffic flows is used further when introducing restrictions in a multi-criteria optimization problem, which is solved as an integer programming problem in the environment of the system of analytical calculations. As a result, on the basis of an assessment of the transport and technological infrastructure of the loop and the cost of transport services, a mathematical model is built that allows to optimize the process of freight transportation.

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Mints, C. W., E. A. Richardson, and J. Kimbrough. "An ultrastructural study of ascospore delimitation and maturation in Ascodesmis nigricana using freeze substitution fixation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (1990): 630–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100160704.

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Fungi belonging to the class Ascomycetes are characterized by the production of sexually derived spores termed ascospores inside a microscopic, sac-like structure termed an ascus. In the Euascomycetidae, typically uninucleate spore initials are delimited within the ascus as the result of the invagination of membranes that arise from the so-called "ascus vesicle", a discontinuous cylinder of two closely spaced unit membranes that develops around the extreme periphery of the ascus. To date, there are conflicting data regarding the origin of the ascus vesicle. We therefore decided to address the problem using freeze substitution fixation. The advantages of this procedure over conventional chemical fixation protocols for preservation of ultrastructural details in fungi have been well-documented. In this study small pieces of dialysis membrane bearing developing ascocarps of Ascodesmis nigricans were plunged into liquid propane and processed for TEM according to the procedures of Hoch and Mints et al.

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Henríquez Garrido, Ruy J. "The Ontological Concept of Disease and the Clinical Empiricism of Thomas Sydenham." Kairos. Journal of Philosophy & Science 22, no. 1 (2019): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kjps-2019-0013.

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Abstract The clinical empiricism of Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689) and his definition of especie morbosae represented a substantial turn in the medicine of his time. This turn supposed the shift towards an ontological conception of diseases, from a qualitative to quantitative interpretation. Sydenham’s clinical proposal had a great influence on empiricism philosophical thinking, particularly in John Locke and his delimitation of knowledge. The dialogue between medicine and philosophy, set out by Sydenham-Locke, reactivates the problem of the clinical and theoretical foundations of medical thought, as well as the limits of scientific knowledge. Similar to problem exposed in the Hippocratic treatise On ancient medicine, seventeenth-century medicine seeks its epistemological foundations and the solution to its difficulties in clinical experience, probability and analogy. The aim of this work is to show the Sydenham’s contribution to one of the great controversies between medicine and philosophy.

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