Relevant bibliographies by topics / Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Perspective

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Perspective'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Perspective"

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Penn, David L., Will Spaulding, and Debra A. Hope. "Problem Solving from Different Perspectives: An Investigation of Instructional Context on Social Problem-Solving Ability." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 7, no. 1 (1993): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.7.1.49.

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The Means-Ends Problem Solving task (MEPS) was used to assess the effect of instructional set on means-ends thinking. Half of the vignettes were presented from the perspective of a hypothetical individual and half from the subjects’ own personal perspective. Results showed that subjects instructed to respond from the perspective of the hypothetical other produced less socially appropriate responses when their own perspective was presented first. When the order of instructed perspective was reversed (i.e., hypothetical other first), no differences in response quality or quantity were found. This finding supports the use of the MEPS in its traditional form. Results from a second task (alternative solution generation), designed to assess the effect of priming across different social problem solving-tasks, revealed a facilitative priming effect. Individuals generated more solutions to a problem situation when the previous MEPS vignettes had been in the instructed perspective order of Other-Self. Implications of the study’s findings for a two-stage model of problem solving and clinical assessment are discussed.
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Bardwell, Lisa V. "Problem-Framing: A perspective on environmental problem-solving." Environmental Management 15, no. 5 (1991): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02589620.

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Minton, Steven, Jaime G. Carbonell, Craig A. Knoblock, Daniel R. Kuokka, Oren Etzioni, and Yolanda Gil. "Explanation-based learning:A problem solving perspective." Artificial Intelligence 40, no. 1-3 (1989): 63–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(89)90047-7.

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Buschman, Larry. "Teaching Problem Solving in Mathematics." Teaching Children Mathematics 10, no. 6 (2004): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.10.6.0302.

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Teachers face many challenges when attempting to teach problem solving to young children. This article examines these challenges from a classroom teacher's perspective and suggests ways to facilitate reform in mathematics instruction.
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Roth, Wolff-Michael, and Michelle K. McGinn. "Toward a New Perspective on Problem Solving." Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l'éducation 22, no. 1 (1997): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1585809.

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Parrish, Donna L., Martha E. Mather, and Roy A. Stein. "Problem-solving Research for Management: A Perspective." Fisheries 20, no. 10 (1995): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1995)020<0006:prfmap>2.0.co;2.

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Kannel, William B. "An Epidemiological Perspective in Hypertension Problem Solving." Cardiology 85, no. 1 (1994): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000176763.

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Cerveny, Robert P., Edward J. Garrity, and G. Lawrence Sanders. "A Problem-Solving Perspective on Systems Development." Journal of Management Information Systems 6, no. 4 (1990): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1990.11517874.

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Mišurac, Irena, and Maja Cindrić. "Preservice Teacher Perspective on Problem Solving Tasks." Magistra Iadertina 12, no. 2 (2018): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/magistra.1495.

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There is a strong link between teaching activities in teaching mathematics and students’ outcomes. Activities that teachers and students conduct in mathematics are encouraged to specific mathematical competence of students. In the present research, we wanted to establish to what extent the Croatian class teachers know the guidelines of teaching mathematics and their awareness of the importance of performing activities that encourage contemporary mathematical processes. The goal of the research was to establish which activities teachers carry out when teaching mathematics in order to foresee the competences to be developed in their pupils. We have done our research on a sample questionnaire of 400 class teachers that teach mathematics 4 classes a week. To determine which activities were conducted by teachers with students in class mathematics and how often, we defined 26 activities for teachers to determine the intensity of their use on the Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (almost always). We selected 15 activities typical of modern teaching of mathematics and 11 activities typical of traditional teaching, which we offered in mixed order in the survey. &#x0D; &#x0D; In like manner, we worked out 26 competences (15 competences emphasized by contemporary teaching of mathematics and 11 emphasized on traditional teaching), while teachers marked the number of competences they considered to be important for pupils. &#x0D; &#x0D; In order to test the theoretical assumption on the difference in access to teachers who work in a modern or traditional way, we conducted a process of factor analysis. The factor analysis clearly distinguished the two groups of activities and two groups of competences, and as expected the way to the variables that saturate the first factor consists of contemporary activities/competences and variables that saturate the second factor consists of traditional activities/competences. This confirms our theoretical setting of modern and traditional approach to teaching mathematics.&#x0D; &#x0D; We noticed that most teachers carried out traditional activities more frequently than the contemporary ones, but that most of them evaluated contemporary competences with better scores than traditional ones.
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Chiappetta, Michael F. "Police and problem solving: A systemic perspective." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 9, no. 2 (1993): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02806661.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Perspective"

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Huang, Shaopeng. "The boundaries of the firm : a problem solving perspective." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18813.

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This thesis contributes to the problem-solving perspective (PSP) of the boundaries of the firm, both theoretically and empirically. Two main theoretical contributions are made. First, although it is generally acknowledged that the NK modelling literature is a source of theoretical inspiration for PSP, this literature is probably less familiar to most economists working on the theory of the firm. To fill the gap, the NK modelling literature is systematically reviewed and is linked more closely to the problem solving perspective. Second, on the basis of a detailed review of the PSP literature, it is argued that knowledge-set interaction and decomposability are two analytically distinguishable dimensions of complexity and should be treated as separate variables in empirical analysis. With reference to other closely-related literatures, such as the knowledge-based view, organizational learning, and innovation, it is argued that a firm's existing knowledge base has a significant imp act on the organization of its problem solving activities. However, this dimension has been missing or ignored in the current PSP literature. It is also noted that the PSP has mainly been applied to the organization of R&D activities (i.e. technological problem solving). It is concluded that once joined with Porter's activity analysis (in particular, the value chain analysis), the PSP could be applied to other non-R&D activities and be further developed into a more general framework for discussing economic organization and the boundaries of the firm. Some ways of doing this are outlined. On the empirical front, a regression-based analysis of the Chinese consumer electronics industry is carried out. A small primary dataset of firms (142 cases) in this industry was assembled by employing interviewing and questionnaire techniques. Based on a review of previous empirical studies, key hypotheses were tested. More specifically, binomial and multinomial regression models were estimated. Hypotheses from PSP and the now dominant transaction cost theory were tested, with one aim being to establish the relative importance in terms of explanatory power. The empirical results are more supportive of the problem-solving perspective rather than the transaction cost theory. Four categories of explanatory variables were included in the regression models: (1) Variables measuring "problem complexity" (problem structure, knowledge set interaction and decomposability); (2) Variables measuring a firm's existing "knowledge base"; (3) Variables related to "knowledge characteristics" (such as tacitness and social distribution/embeddedness of knowledge); and (4) Transaction variables (such as asset specificity, demand uncertainty and appropriability). The results suggest that PSP variables are important determinants of a firm's organizational choice and their effects are largely in line with theoretical expectations. It is found that the higher the complexity (be it measured by problemstructure, knowledge set interaction, or decomposability), the more likely the problem-solving will be organized in-house rather than through market transactions. Moreover, it is also found that the effects of problem knowledge-set interaction and decomposability are significant for other organizational choices. On the other hand, the effects of problem structure are far less evident, and likely only play a role in the choice between make-or-buy. The results also lend support to some of the transaction costs expectations (in particular, those related to asset specificity and appropriability). However, in terms of their relative explanatory power (magnitude of effects or the level of significance), the few PSP and knowledge base variables are far better predictors of a firm's organizational choices than transactions cost variables. In other words, the results lend more support to the problem-solving perspective and the knowledge-based view, rather than the transaction cost economics. The results also suggest that a firm's existing knowledge base is the single most important variable in explaining a firm's organizational choice of technological problem solving. In the existing PSP literature, however, the role of a firm's existing knowledge base has largely been ignored. The results further indicate that the effects of knowledge-set interaction and decomposability are not always working in the same direction. This lends support to the argument that complexity (knowledge-set interaction) and decomposability should be treated as two distinct variables. Finally, contrary to the general prediction of the problem solving perspective, the results reveal that as far as the choice between in-house and alliance is concerned, a higher level of complexity tends to favour the choice of alliance rather than inhouse - i.e. alliance is preferable to in-house for solving highly complex problem. This suggests, as far as the costs and competencies of governing different types of problem-solving are concerned, alliances are probably not "hybrid" modes of organization. Rather, they are distinct categories of organizational mode in their own rights.
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Cheng, Si. "Translation competence development among learners : a problem-solving perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/translation-competence-development-among-learners-a-problemsolving-perspective(5150de6a-54a8-4860-b675-b69a426e0fe4).html.

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In recent decades, the conceptualisation of translation competence and its development has attracted significant attention from translation researchers. Existing literature on translation competence is characterised by the prevalence of multi-componential models of translation competence, with inadequate attention paid to the interplay between competence components in the translation process. Therefore, this doctoral research sets out to re-conceptualise translation competence from a problem-solving perspective so as to understand translation competence and its development in the translation process. By re-defining and re-modelling translation competence with inspiration from problem-solving studies, this research proposes a conceptualisation of translation competence and its development that accommodates the translation process and the learning process. In order to validate the relevance of the proposed theoretical framework, a longitudinal study was conducted among a small group of Chinese students from an MA translation programme, using the translation task-based interview as the main research instrument. Findings from the empirical study have demonstrated the relevance and strength of the theoretical framework as well as revealing individual and shared paths of translation competence development among the learners. This research enriches the current understanding of translation competence and its development. It introduces a fresh perspective for conceptualising translation competence, proposes an effective instrument for empirical competence research, and identifies possible directions for further research. It also has practical implications for translation pedagogy, offering theoretical and empirical support for some recent approaches and trends in translator education and training.
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Sigman, Aprill C. "Depicting the role of problem solving in mathematics education throughout the twentieth century : finding basic themes through an historical perspective." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1050230.

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Problem solving is a central activity of mathematics and has been throughout its history. Recognizing the problem of problem solving, however, seems to be less explicit in the historical record. In studying three principal contributors to the study of problem solving-Rene Descartes, John Dewey, and George Polya-I have found that problems arise in two broad categories. Mathematics itself generates more mathematical problems, and problems embedded in a wider context can generate mathematics. Recognizing a mathematical problem in a rich context-problem finding-has received much less attention. John Dewey recognized the importance of problem finding and emphasized its role in problem solving. Descartes and Polya spent less time on problem finding, Polya the least of all.<br>Department of Mathematical Sciences
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Phang, binti Abdullah Fatin Aliah. "The patterns of physics problem-solving from the perspective of metacognition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611538.

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Morçöl, Göktuğ. "Problem structuring: a personal construct theory perspective." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37394.

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Why problem structuring is a crucial activity in policy analysis is discussed making references to literature. The shortcomings of the rational model of decision making and problem solving are pointed out. A theoretical perspective with its ontological and epistemological assumptions are elaborated and developed as an alternative to the rational model. Problem structuring is defined as a cognitive process, and George Kelly's personal construct psychology is adopted as the theoretical basis to develop a problem structuring method. The method developed uses Kelly's repertory grid technique in a particular form that is modified for the specific needs of problem structuring in groups. A computer software developed particularly for this method is used interactively in elicitation of personal constructs and their analyses. The applications of the method are illustrated in two group cases, and the implications for theory and further applications are discussed.<br>Ph. D.
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Cormier, Sandra Louise Cano. "Parents' perspective of the effectiveness of family therapy for children's school-related problems /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004243.

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CHANG, HSI ALEX. "AN ARCHITECTURE FOR ELECTRONIC MESSAGING IN ORGANIZATIONS: A DISTRIBUTED PROBLEM-SOLVING PERSPECTIVE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184129.

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This dissertation provides a foundation for electronic information management in organizations. It focuses on the relationships among communication, control, and information flows of the organization. The main thesis addresses the question of how electronic mail messages may be managed according to their contents, ensuring at the same time, the preservation of organizational and social relationships. A taxonomy for the management of unstructured electronic information relevance based on the treatment of information is derived from current research. Among the three paradigms, the information processing, the information distribution, and the information sharing paradigms, the inadequacy of the first two is recognized, and the treatment of information in its active mode is proposed. This taxonomy can be used to quickly differentiate one research from another and evaluate its adequacy. Three concepts, four cornerstones, and an architecture constitute our framework of information relevance management. The cornerstones are knowledge of the organization, knowledge of the individual, information construction, and information interpretation. Through knowledge of the organization and the individual, the machine production systems are able to distribute and manage information according to the logic of human production systems. The other two cornerstones together improve the unity of interpretation among the organizational members. The physical architecture can adapt a number of applications, each of which, may not only have different knowledge presentations and inference mothods, but also may co-exist in the system simultaneously. An integrated knowledge-based electronic messaging system, the AI-MAIL system, is built, tested, and evaluated through a case study to demonstrate the feasibility of the architecture and its applicability to the real-world environment. The three operating levels, interorganizational, intraorganizational, and individual, are illustrated through a study of the U.S. Army. From three large scale field studies, the existing AUTODIN I system, a backbone of the Army's communications, is analyzed and evaluated to illustrate the applicability and benefits of the three operating levels. This dissertation contributes to the field of Management Information Systems by offering a methodology, a taxonomy, a new paradigm, a framework, and a system for information management and a method of adaptive organizational design. In addition, it points toward future research directions. Among them are research to deal with ethical issues, organizational research, knowledge engineering, multi-processor configuration, and internal protocols for applications.
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Barnes, Valerie Elizabeth. "The quality of human judgment : an alternative perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9139.

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Kao, Chih-Mei. "The effect of rumination on social problem-solving and autobiographical memory retrieval in depression : a cross-cultural perspective." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/344.

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Atha-Weldon, Cindy Shira Simcha. "Thought team use of a perspective-taking strategy to enhance personal problem solving while thinking, writing, or mapping /." Fort Worth, Tex. : Texas Christian University, 2006. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-05092006-161318/unrestricted/atha-weldon.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Perspective"

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Engineering problem solving: A classical perspective. Noyes Publications, 2000.

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Shaw, Milton Clayton. Engineering problem solving: A classical perspective. Noyes Pub./William Andrew Pub., 2001.

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Problem solving for better health: A global perspective. Springer Pub. Co., 2009.

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Byrne, Mary Gregg, 1951- ill., ed. Too many Murkles. Illumination Arts, 2003.

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Antenos-Conforti, Enza. Problem-solving in mathematics: A semiotic perspective with educational implications. Toronto Semiotic Circle, 1999.

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Danesi, Marcel. Problem-solving in mathematics: A semiotic perspective for educators and teachers. Peter Lang Pub., 2008.

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L, Blanton Maria, and Knuth Eric J, eds. Teaching and learning proof across the grades: A K-16 perspective. Routledge, 2009.

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Couger, J. Daniel. Creative problem solving and opportunity finding. Boyd & Fraser Pub. Co., 1994.

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Tunkel, Victor. Legal research: Law-finding and problem-solving. Blackstone, 1992.

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Tunkel, Victor. Legal research: Law-finding and problem-solving. Blackstone Press, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Perspective"

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Richardson, Elizabeth, Katey Thom, and Brian McKenna. "The Evolution of Problem-Solving Courts in Australia and New Zealand: A Trans-Tasman Comparative Perspective." In Problem Solving Courts. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7403-6_11.

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Adams, Verna M. "Affective Issues in Teaching Problem Solving: A Teacher’s Perspective." In Affect and Mathematical Problem Solving. Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3614-6_13.

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Borenstein, Yossi, and Riccardo Poli. "Information Perspective of Optimization." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN IX. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11844297_11.

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Ernest, Paul. "Problem Solving: Its Assimilation to the Teachers's Perspective." In Mathematical Problem Solving and New Information Technologies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58142-7_20.

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Voigt, Hans-Michael, and Heinz Mühlenbein. "Erroneous truncation selection — A breeder's decision making perspective." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature — PPSN IV. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61723-x_992.

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Alexander, Patricia A. "A Cognitive Perspective on Mathematics: Issues of Perception, Instruction, and Assessment." In Mathematical Problem Solving and New Information Technologies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58142-7_5.

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Graulich, Nicole, Axel Langner, Kimberly Vo, and Elizabeth Yuriev. "Chapter 3. Scaffolding Metacognition and Resource Activation During Problem Solving: A Continuum Perspective." In Problems and Problem Solving in Chemistry Education. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839163586-00038.

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Jurdak, Murad. "Real-World Problem Solving from the Perspective of Modeling." In Learning and Teaching Real World Problem Solving in School Mathematics. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08204-2_5.

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Jurdak, Murad. "Real-World Problem Solving from the Perspective of Ethnomathematics." In Learning and Teaching Real World Problem Solving in School Mathematics. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08204-2_8.

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Bekos, Michael A., Michael Kaufmann, and Christian Zielke. "The Book Embedding Problem from a SAT-Solving Perspective." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27261-0_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Perspective"

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Yerushalmi, Edit. "Assessing Reflection on Practice: A Problem Solving Perspective." In 2003 PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE: 2003 Physics Education Conference. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1807277.

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Itabashi-Campbell, Rachel, Sheri Perelli, and Julia Gluesing. "Engineering problem solving and knowledge creation: An epistemological perspective." In 2011 IEEE International Technology Management Conference (ITMC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmc.2011.5996057.

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"Collaborative Knowledge Creation and Problem Solving: A Systems Design Perspective." In 2009 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2009.111.

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Lan, Ziquan, David Hsu, and Gim Hee Lee. "Solving the Perspective-2-Point Problem for Flying-Camera Photo Composition." In 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2018.00482.

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Masselli, Andreas, and Andreas Zell. "A New Geometric Approach for Faster Solving the Perspective-Three-Point Problem." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2014.369.

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Ning Zhong. "Unifying study on human and web problem solving: A brain informatics perspective." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC-2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/grc.2008.4664804.

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Zhang, Baoshang, Qiuzhi Zhang, Yongsheng Wang, and Zheng Tian. "The method of solving the non-coplanar perspective-four-point (P4P) problem." In 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6896771.

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Haendler, Thorsten, and Josef Frysak. "Deconstructing the Refactoring Process from a Problem-solving and Decision-making Perspective." In 13th International Conference on Software Technologies. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006915903630372.

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Haendler, Thorsten, and Josef Frysak. "Deconstructing the Refactoring Process from a Problem-solving and Decision-making Perspective." In 13th International Conference on Software Technologies. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006915903970406.

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Chatterjee, Sheshadri. "A synthesis of structural creative problem solving in the perspective of OR/MS methodology." In 2016 International Conference on Computational Techniques in Information and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icctict.2016.7514614.

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Reports on the topic "Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Perspective"

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Kaplan, Craig A. Aha: A Connectionist Perspective on Problem Solving. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada218915.

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Bustelo, Monserrat, Pablo Egana-delSol, Laura Ripani, Nicolas Soler, and Mariana Viollaz. Automation in Latin America: Are Women at Higher Risk of Losing Their Jobs? Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002566.

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New technological trends, such as digitization, artificial intelligence and robotics, have the power to drastically increase economic output but may also displace workers. In this paper we assess the risk of automation for female and male workers in four Latin American countries Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and El Salvador. Our study is the first to apply a task-based approach with a gender perspective in this region. Our main findings indicate that men are more likely than women to perform tasks linked to the skills of the future, such as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), information and communications technology, management and communication, and creative problem-solving tasks. Women thus have a higher average risk of automation, and 21% of women vs. 19% of men are at high risk (probability of automation greater than 70%). The differential impacts of the new technological trends for women and men must be assessed in order to guide the policy-making process to prepare workers for the future. Action should be taken to prevent digital transformation from worsening existing gender inequalities in the labor market.
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Winkler-Portmann, Simon. Umsetzung einer wirksamen Compliance in globalen Lieferketten am Beispiel der Anforderungen aus der europäischen Chemikalien-Regulierung an die Automobilindustrie. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627796.

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This publication based on a master thesis explores the challenges of the automotive industry regarding the European chemical regulations REACH and CLP, as well as potential improvements of the current compliance activities and the related incentives and barriers. It answers the research question: "To what extent should the compliance activities of actors in the automotive supply chain be extended in order to meet the requirements of European chemicals regulation; and where would it help to strengthen incentives in enforcement and the legal framework?“. The study’s structure is based on the transdisciplinary delta analysis of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the legal requirements and the requirements for corresponding compliance with the actual state of the actual compliance measures of the automotive players and attempts to identify their weak points (the delta). The main sources for the analysis are the legal texts and relevant court decisions as well as guideline-based expert interviews with automotive players based on Gläser &amp; Laudel. As objects of the analysis, there are in addition answers to random enquiries according to Article 33 (2) REACH as well as the recommendations and guidelines of the industry associations. The analysis identifies the transmission of material information in the supply chain as a key problem. The global database system used for this purpose, the IMDS, shows gaps in the framework conditions. This results in compliance risk due to the dynamically developing regulation. In addition, the study identifies an incompliance of the investigated automobile manufacturers with regard to Art. 33 REACH. In answering the research question, the study recommends solutions to the automotive players that extend the current compliance activities. In addition, it offers tables and process flow diagrams, which structure the duties and required compliance measures and may serve as basic audit criteria. The analysis is carried out from an external perspective and looks at the entire industry. It therefore cannot cover all the individual peculiarities of each automotive player. As a result, the identified gaps serve only as indications for possible further compliance risks.
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4

Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.

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This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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