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Books on the topic 'Probléme of tolerance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Gerasimov, Sergey, and Irina Skovorodkina. Tolerance education in Junior schoolchildren. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1084985.

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The textbook presents the methodology of solving the problem of formation of tolerance in children of primary school age, the analysis of the legal framework of education for peace, non-violence, human rights and tolerance. Special attention is paid to the theoretical and practical aspects of tolerance in primary school children, didactic tools, the characteristics of the system of pedagogical means of education of tolerance at pupils of elementary school. Consists of a Preface, three chapters, conclusion, Glossary, bibliography and applications. Includes tables and diagrams that can be used in practical lessons with students of pedagogical colleges and universities. Each paragraph has a list of questions for self-examination and in-depth study delineated in this range of problems, exercises, assignments, a list of recommended literature. Intended for students of pedagogical colleges and educational institutions of higher education, and also for listeners of system of improvement of qualification and retraining of teachers.

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2

Problemy veroterpimosti v Severo-Zapadnom krae Rossiĭskoĭ imperii, 1863-1914 gg. Minsk: Belorusskiĭ gos. universitet, 2010.

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3

Schweigert, Uwe. Toleranzausgleichssysteme für Industrieroboter am Beispiel des feinwerktechnischen Bolzen-Loch-Problems. Berlin: Springer, 1992.

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4

Porankiewicz, Bolesław. Problemy układu tolerancji i pasowań dla przemysłu drzewnego. Poznań: Wydawn. Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu, 1989.

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5

Tagañ, ʼAyāléw. Ethiopia's unconditional choice: No tolerance of preventable human death. Addis Ababa: Alpha Printers, 2004.

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6

Risk tolerance in financial decision making. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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7

Saleh, Wendy E. Behaviour problems in our schools: A lesson in patience, tolerance and understanding. Mississauga, ON: The Dufferin-Peel Roman Catholic Separate School Board = Le conseil des écoles séparées catholiques romaines de Dufferin et Peel, 1991.

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8

Problema tolerantnosti v mezhkonfessionalʹnykh otnoshenii︠a︡kh: Kurs lekt︠s︡iĭ, v dvukh tomakh. Ekaterinburg: Uralʹskiĭ universitet, 2008.

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9

Budaeva, D. T︠S︡. Mezhnat︠s︡ionalʹnai︠a︡ i mezhkonfessionalʹnai︠a︡ tolerantnostʹ narodov Buri︠a︡tii: Problemy formirovanii︠a︡ i razvitii︠a︡ = Interethnic and interreligious tolerance between peoples of Buryatia : problems of formation and development. Ulan-Udė: Izdatelʹstvo Buri︠a︡tskogo gosuniversiteta, 2012.

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10

Savvinov, A. S. Chelovek cherez prizmu "Kut-su̇r": Na osnove doklada "Problema cheloveka v dukhovnykh tradit︠s︡ii︠a︡kh ėtnosa sakha : Mezhdunarodnai︠a︡ konferent︠s︡ii︠a︡ "Tolerantnostʹ, vzaimoponimanie i soglasie", 20-25 ii︠u︡ni︠a︡ 1995 g., I︠A︡kutsk. I︠A︡kutsk: I︠A︡kutskiĭ nauch. t︠s︡entr SO RAN, 1995.

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11

Fetscher, Iring. Toleranz: Von der Unentbehrlichkeit einer kleinen Tugend für die Demokratie : historische Rückblicke und aktuelle Probleme. Stuttgart: Radius, 1990.

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12

Klerk, Jilles de, Aguswati Hildebrandt Rambe, Ronald Arulangi, and Lady Paula Reveny Mandalika. Jalinan sejuta ilalang: Pergumulan, tantangan dan harapan : mensyukuri 60 tahun Zakaria J. Ngelow. Makassar: Yayasan Oase Intim, 2012.

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13

Boje-Klein, Gerhild. Problem soils as potential areas for adverse soils-tolerant rice varieties in South and Southeast Asia. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1986.

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14

Boje-Klein, Gerhild. Problem soils as potential areas for adverse soils-tolerant rice varieties in South and Southeast Asia. Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1986.

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15

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad., ed. Solving medium to large sized euclidean generalized minimum spanning tree problems. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2003.

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16

Fotieva, Irina, Tamara Semilet, Elena Lukashevich, and Vladimir Vitvinchuk. Russian journalism today: social mission and professional skills. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1044192.

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This monograph is the search for answers to the questions that confront contemporary Russian journalism social and cultural situation of modernity. The authors analyze the correlation of proper and existing in the implementation of the social mission of journalism, the journalism education system, the use of media technologies, the field of journalistic ethics, language and communicative practices of the public sphere, the social effects produced by the media. As the main characteristics of the modern state of Russian journalism finds confrontation and the confrontation of philosophical positions and methodological studies; in the field of journalism education — the confrontation of the instrumental-pragmatic and humanitarian paradigms; in the creation of modern media — focus on creativity or technology; tolerance or ethics in media communication; definition of leadership in the formation of public opinion and the ignition of problem areas. Attempts a comprehensive comprehension of the actual problems of modern Russian media: axiological foundations and the social role of journalism; the criteria of journalistic skills and professional ethics; perspectives of media education, language problems of modern communication and success factors of verbal interaction in the media. Designed for teachers of University departments and faculties of journalism and other Humanities, students in related disciplines and all interested in data range of issues.

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17

Ekwunife, Anthony N. O. Politics and religious intolerance: The Nigerian experience. Enugu: Spiritan Publications, 1992.

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18

K̲h̲ān, Muḥammad Fārūq. Islam and the modern world: A discussion on some important contentious issues. Mardan: Awareness for Moderation, 2010.

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19

International Workshop on Halophytes for Reclamation of Saline Wastelands and as a Resource for Livestock: Problems and Prospects (1992 Nairobi, Kenya). Halophytes as a resource for livestock and for rehabilitation of degraded lands: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Halophytes for Reclamation of Saline Wastelands and as a Resource for Livestock, Problems and Prospects, Nairobi, Kenya, 22-27 November 1992. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1994.

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20

O'Meara, Nancy. The cult around the corner: A handbook on dealing with other people's religions. Los Angeles, CA: Foundation for Religious Freedom International, 2003.

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21

Office, General Accounting. Department of Energy: Problems and progress in managing plutonium : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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22

Beaman, Lori G. Tolerance and Accommodation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803485.003.0005.

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This chapter problematizes the notions and language of tolerance and accommodation in relation to religious diversity, and traces their genealogy both as legal solutions and as discursive frameworks within which religious diversity is increasingly understood in the public sphere. The problem they pose is that they create a hierarchy of privilege that preserves hegemonic power relations by religious majorities over religious minorities. Tolerance in this context might be imagined as the broadly stated value that we must deal with diversity and those who are different from us by tolerating them. Accommodation might be seen as the implementation of this value—that in order to demonstrate our commitment to tolerance we must accommodate the ‘demands’ of minority groups and those individuals who position themselves or align themselves with minorities.

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23

Bateman, Anthony W., and Roy Krawitz. Structured clinical management: core treatment strategies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199644209.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 explores the core treatment strategies of structured clinical management (SCM) as a treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). It includes nonspecific interventions (interviewing, clinician attitude, authenticity and openness, empathy, validation, positive regard, advocacy) and specific interventions (problem-solving skills, tolerance of emotions, mood regulation, impulse control, sensitivity and interpersonal problems, self-harm).

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24

Castle, David J., Peter F. Buckley, and Fiona P. Gaughran. Other physical health problems in people with schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198811688.003.0004.

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While cardiovascular risk remains the most important factor in early death among people with schizophrenia, a host of other physical health maladies are also found in excess in this group of individuals. These include pulmonary problems, poor bone health with associated risk of fractures, sexual health problems, infectious diseases, and poor oral health. Certain cancers are seen in excess in people with schizophrenia, but what is perhaps more of a shameful indictment of our health systems is that if they develop cancer, they are less likely to be effectively treated than people without a mental illness. Intriguingly, there is some evidence of higher pain tolerance among people with schizophrenia, as well as remarkably low rates of degenerative musculoskeletal conditions.

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25

Atkins, Stuart. Life in the Stress Lane: How to Tolerate People and Problems. Ashford Publishing, 2019.

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26

Han, Paul K. J. Uncertainty in Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190270582.001.0001.

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This book offers a multidimensional, multidisciplinary perspective on the challenging problem of uncertainty in medicine. Adopting a textbook approach to the problem, it analyzes the nature, etiology, natural history, and management of medical uncertainty. It draws on insights from a wide range of fields—including clinical medicine as well as anthropology, behavioral economics, philosophy, psychology, and sociology—to develop a set of conceptual frameworks that provide a new way of thinking about medical uncertainty and approaching its management. It makes the case that uncertainty is an essential form of knowledge that should be maintained rather than eliminated, and that the goal of managing uncertainty is to promote uncertainty tolerance among clinicians and patients. The book identifies system-level strategies that can help make uncertainty tolerance a more central focus of medical care.

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27

Toleranzausgleichssysteme für Industrieroboter am Beispiel des feinwerktechnischen Bolzen-Loch-Problems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992.

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28

Martin, Christopher S., Tammy Chung, and James W. Langenbucher. Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.001.

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This chapter describes how substance use, substance-related problems, and substance use disorders (SUDs) have been viewed over time and in different cultures. Substance problems and inebriety were historically understood through a moralistic perspective, although the description of substance problem syndromes as medical diseases or disorders has a long history. Systematic attempts to develop and refine diagnostic criteria for SUDs began in the middle of the twentieth century and continue to this day. Research has identified limitations of existing diagnostic criteria for SUDs, which can aid the development of future classification systems. Culture plays a role in how substance use and SUDs are conceptualized and in how symptoms are manifested and interpreted. Modern theory of the nature of substance dependence emphasizes how chronic substance use can produce neuroadaptations in brain systems involved in reward, motivation, affective regulation, inhibitory control, and tolerance/withdrawal, all of which can contribute to compulsive substance use behavior.

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29

The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Workbook: Practical DBT Exercises for Learning Mindfulness, Interpersonal Effectiveness, Emotion Regulation & ... Tolerance. ReadHowYouWant, 2012.

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30

Matthew, McKay, ed. The dialectical behavior therapy skills workbook: Practical DBT exercises for learning mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 2007.

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31

Brantley, Jeffrey, Jeffrey C. Wood, Matthew McKay, and Matthew McKay. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Workbook: Practical DBT Exercises for Learning Mindfulness, Interpersonal Effectiveness, Emotion Regulation, & Distress Tolerance (New Harbinger Self-Help Workbook). New Harbinger Publications, 2007.

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32

Welechew, Edward. Treatment of pain in burns patients. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234721.003.0009.

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Pain from burns has three components: background, breakthrough, and procedural pain. Central sensitization is an important component of the ongoing pain. Early management of pain, prior to the arrival at hospital is essential. Multimodal treatment including opiates will be necessary and psychological support is key. Procedural pain is of high intensity and short duration, and will require a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of analgesia. Central sensitization and opiate tolerance are common problems in burns patients.

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33

Ran, Libeskind-Hadas, ed. Fault covering problems in reconfigurable VLSI systems. Boston: Kluwer, 1992.

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34

Fetscher, Iring. Toleranz: Von der Unentbehrlichkeit einer kleinen Tugend fur die Demokratie : Historische Ruckblicke und aktuelle Probleme (Radius Bucher). Radius, 1990.

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35

Brennan, Penny Lynn. TOLERANCE OF CAREGIVERS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS OF NURSING HOME RESIDENTS (DEVIANCE, MENTAL HEALTH, SOCIETAL REACTION, ELDERLY, MISSOURI). 1986.

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36

Catholic social teachings en-route in Africa. Enugu, Nigeria: Catholic Institute for Development, Justice, and Peace, 1991.

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37

Beaman, Lori G. Deep Equality in an Era of Religious Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803485.001.0001.

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While religious conflict receives plenty of attention, the everyday negotiation of religious diversity does not. Questions of how to accommodate religious minorities and of the limits of tolerance resonate in a variety of contexts and have become central preoccupations for many Western democracies. What might we see if we turned our attention to the positive narratives and success stories of the everyday working out of religious difference? Rather than ‘tolerance’ and ‘accommodation’, and through the stories of ordinary people, this book traces deep equality, which is found in the respect, humour, neighbourliness, and friendship of seemingly mundane interactions. Deep Equality in an Era of Religious Diversity posits that the telling of such stories can create an alternative narrative to that of diversity as a problem to be solved. It does so by exploring the non-event, or micro-processes of interaction that constitute the foundation for deep equality and the conditions under which deep equality emerges, exists, and sometimes flourishes. Although the focus of this book is deep equality and its existence and persistence in relation to religious difference, deep equality is located beyond the realm of religion. This book draws from the work of those whose primary focus is not in fact religion, and who are doing their own ‘deep equality’ work in other domains, illustrating especially why equality matters. By retelling and exploring stories of negotiation it is possible to reshape our social imaginary to better facilitate what works, which varies from place to place and time to time.

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38

Tenney, James. Reflections after Bridge. Edited by Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker, and Michael Winter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038723.003.0013.

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James Tenney focuses on the “reconciliation” of two musical worlds: formal and aesthetic ideas inspired by John Cage, and harmonic possibilities suggested by Harry Partch. Using the computer as a compositional partner, Tenney examines notions of intentionality (the Cagean part) and the formative gestalt ideas of Meta + Hodos. He correlates new developments in harmony with the design of new tuning systems and considers one of the new directions taken by some composers after 1910 involving the expansion of the pitch resources beyond a tuning system tempered by twelve-tone music. He argues that such expansions did not—and could not—solve the problem that had arisen with the “exhaustion” of tonality. According to Tenney, the real problem with the 12-set is not the relatively small number of pitches it makes available, but the fact that a very large tolerance range has to be assumed even for it to be regarded as a “fair approximation” of the basic intervals of the 5-limit—and even greater ranges are involved with those of the 7- and 11-limits.

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39

Gugerty, Mary Kay, and Dean Karlan. The Institutional Donor Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199366088.003.0014.

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This chapter considers the perspective of institutional donors like foundations and government in right-fit monitoring and evaluation. Institutional donors may have different data needs than the organizations they fund. This may occur when a donor wants to use the same metrics across its entire portfolio; when a donor supports organizations addressing different aspects of a broad social problem; when donors and organizations have different levels of trust in organizational staff; when they have different views on how to best apply the CART principles; when they have different levels of risk tolerance or place different levels of priority on generating transportable knowledge; or, when donor data requirements create internal tension within organizations. The chapter then examines how Pay for Success (PFS) programs can help to harmonize funder and fundee data incentives, as well as some of the drawbacks of the PFS approach.

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40

Hasil penelitian Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Semarang, Departemen Agama. Jakarta: Library of Congress Office, 2008.

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41

Springborg, Patricia. The Politics of Hobbes’s Historia Ecclesiastica. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803409.003.0010.

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Hobbes’s Historia Ecclesiastica takes the name of the great Byzantine ecclesiastical histories from the fourth century on by Eusebius, Rufinus, Socrates of Constantinople, by Sozomen and Evagrius, by the Arian Philostorgius and the Nestorian Theodoret. Hobbes’s choice of title could not have been accidental, even if the poem represents a major genre problem. His preoccupation with heresy was a principal motivation for the burst of creative activity on that subject in the 1660s, which includes his Ecclesiastical History, and it is true that from Eusebius on, Christian historiographers were obsessed with heresy. But there is an alternative and not unrelated hypothesis, and that is that Hobbes, who condoned Cromwellian Independency and was an Erastian at heart, was hoping to establish the credentials of a more latitudinarian Anglicanism as a civil religion, thus appealing to the relative tolerance of the humanist historiographers against the rabid sectarianism of heresiographers of the 1640s.

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42

Dunsmore, Sara, and Joanne M. Bargman. Peritoneal dialysis. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0266.

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Many patients tolerate peritoneal dialysis well and experience little difficulty with the process. There are, however, a number of unique complications that can arise in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. While infection remains a significant concern, there are also many non-infectious problems that can occur. Many mechanical complications occur as a result of the increased intra-abdominal pressure associated with the instillation of fluid into the peritoneal cavity. The dialysate solution itself may also play a role in some of the metabolic complications seen. An awareness of the potential problems that can occur will help the clinician in properly caring for a patient on this therapy and this chapter describes a range of non-infectious complications that may arise.

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43

Troisi, Alfonso. Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0010.

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From the perspective of evolutionary biology, diversity is an intrinsic feature of any living species and a target on which natural selection can act in opposite ways: either decreasing it (stabilizing selection) or increasing it (diversifying selection). This duality is reflected in our emotional attitude toward diversity. This chapter summarizes current knowledge on the evolutionary origins of emotional reactions to physical and behavioral diversity in human cultures. After a preliminary discussion of “alternative strategies” observed by ethologists in primate species, the chapter explores the biological roots of intolerance, xenophobia, racism, discrimination, and other forms of rejection of diversity. Findings that have linked ethnocentrism to primitive defenses against infectious diseases are reviewed. Subsequently, the chapter describes how a bias toward “normality” has always lived alongside a powerful attraction to diversity. The chapter closes with reflections based on recent psychiatric and anthropological reports that show how the issue of tolerance of cultural diversity is an unsolved problem, in spite of reassuring claims of the advocates of cultural relativism.

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44

Handreck, Kevin. Good Gardens with Less Water. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643095816.

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It is possible to have a great garden anywhere in Australia, even under the toughest water restrictions. Good Gardens with Less Water will show you how. A companion to Kevin Handreck’s best-selling Gardening Down-Under, this new book is a practical guide to gardening with limited water. This beautifully illustrated, full-colour book contains a wealth of information on such key topics as: how to improve soil structure to maximise the retention of water for use by plants; selecting drought-tolerant native and exotic plants; working out how much water to apply to different types of plants; choosing the best lawn grass for your climate; rainwater harvesting and use; and how to avoid problems when greywater is used in the garden. With specific chapters devoted to watering systems and equipment, mulches, planting techniques and potted plants, this book offers practical solutions for anyone who wishes to garden sustainably.

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45

Servin, Frédérique S., and Valérie Billard. Anaesthesia for the obese patient. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0087.

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Obesity is becoming an epidemic health problem, and the number of surgical patients with a body mass index of more than 50 kg m−2 requiring anaesthesia is increasing. Obesity is associated with physiopathological changes such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorders, or sleep apnoea syndrome, most of which improve with weight loss. Regarding pharmacokinetics, volumes of distribution are increased for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Consequently, doses should be adjusted to total body weight (propofol for maintenance, succinylcholine, vancomycin), or lean body mass (remifentanil, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent). For all drugs, titration based on monitoring of effects is recommended. To minimize recovery delays, drugs with a rapid offset of action such as remifentanil and desflurane are preferable. Poor tolerance to apnoea with early hypoxaemia and atelectasis warrant rapid sequence induction and protective ventilation. Careful positioning will prevent pressure injuries and minimize rhabdomyolysis which are frequent. Because of an increased risk of pulmonary embolism, multimodal prevention is mandatory. Regional anaesthesia, albeit technically difficult, is beneficial in obese patients to treat postoperative pain and improve rehabilitation. Maximizing the safety of anaesthesia for morbidly obese patients requires a good knowledge of the physiopathology of obesity and great attention to detail in planning and executing anaesthetic management. Even in elective surgery, many cases can be technical challenges and only a step-by-step approach to the avoidance of potential adverse events will result in the optimal outcome.

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46

Catherine A, Rogers. Ethics in International Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198713203.001.0001.

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International arbitration is a remarkably resilient institution, but many unresolved and largely unacknowledged ethical quandaries lurk below the surface. Globalization of commercial trade has increased the number and diversity of parties, counsel, experts, and arbitrators, which have in turn, led to more frequent ethical conflicts just as procedures have become more formal and transparent. The predictable result is that ethical transgressions are increasingly evident and less tolerable. Despite these developments, regulation of various actors in the system — arbitrators, lawyers, experts, third-party funders, and arbitral institutions — remains ambiguous and often ineffectual. This book systematically analyses the causes and effects of these developments as they relate to the professional conduct of arbitrators, counsel, experts, and third-party funders in international commercial and investment arbitration. This work proposes a model for effective ethical self-regulation, meaning regulation of professional conduct at an international level and within existing arbitral procedures and structures. The work draws on historical developments and current trends to propose analytical frameworks for addressing existing problems and reifying the legitimacy of international arbitration into the future.

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47

Landau, Carol. Mood Prep 101. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190914301.001.0001.

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Depression and anxiety in college students have reached a crisis, and the prevalence continues to rise. The increasing distress of the current generation, Gen Z, and their greater openness to mental health care have overwhelmed college counseling services. Despite this sobering news, parents can play a critically important role in helping their children. This book describes a plan that parents can use for supporting and preventing depression and anxiety in young people. Each chapter concludes with practical strategies for parents. The book consists of four sections. The first section is a description of adolescent development and the types of depressive and anxious symptoms and disorders. The second section details the foundations that students need to move toward a successful college experience, including family support, communication skills, self-efficacy and problem-solving skills, self-regulation, and distress tolerance. Barriers to optimal development include underage substance use and unsafe sexual relationships. The third section examines vulnerabilities to depression and anxiety, including cognitive distortions, perfectionism, and the stress of being a sexual minority or overweight. Challenges faced by students who are seen as “different” are explored. The final section is a description of life on campus, including the stresses of college life and the opportunities to develop friendships, relationships with faculty, and a more meaningful view of the future. There are also chapters on how to access mental health services before and during college. The book concludes with a call to reduce stress on students and to challenge the competitive individualistic culture in which we live.

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48

Levie-Bernfeld, Tirtsah. Poverty and Welfare Among the Portuguese Jews in Early Modern Amsterdam. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113577.001.0001.

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Early modern Amsterdam was a prosperous city renowned for its relative tolerance, and many people hoping for a better future, away from persecution, wars, and economic malaise, chose to make a new life there. Conversos and Jews from many countries were among them, attracted by the reputed wealth and benevolence of the Portuguese Jews who had settled there. Behind the facade of prosperity, however, poverty was a serious problem. It preoccupied the leadership of the Portuguese Jewish community and influenced its policy on admitting newcomers. This book looks at poverty and welfare from the perspective of both benefactors and recipients. The book analyses benefactors' motives for philanthropy and charts its dimensions; it also examines the decision-making processes of communal bodies and private philanthropists, identifying the cultural influences that shaped their commitment to welfare. At the same time the book succeeds in bringing the poor to life: it examines what brought them to Amsterdam, aspects of their daily life in the petitions they sent to the different welfare institutions, and the survival strategies offered by work, education, and charity. The book also considers the related questions of social mobility and the motivation of the poor for joining the Amsterdam Portuguese community, and finally, to the small but active groups of Sephardi bandits who formed their own clandestine networks. Special attention is paid to poor women, who were often singled out for relief. In this way the book makes a much-needed contribution to the study of gender, in Jewish society and more generally.

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49

Kleiman, Mark A. R., Jonathan P. Caulkins, and Angela Hawken. Drugs and Drug Policy. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199764518.001.0001.

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While there have always been norms and customs around the use of drugs, explicit public policies--regulations, taxes, and prohibitions--designed to control drug abuse are a more recent phenomenon. Those policies sometimes have terrible side-effects: most prominently the development of criminal enterprises dealing in forbidden (or untaxed) drugs and the use of the profits of drug-dealing to finance insurgency and terrorism. Neither a drug-free world nor a world of free drugs seems to be on offer, leaving citizens and officials to face the age-old problem: What are we going to do about drugs? In Drugs and Drug Policy, three noted authorities survey the subject with exceptional clarity, in this addition to the acclaimed series, What Everyone Needs to Know. They begin by, defining "drugs, " examining how they work in the brain, discussing the nature of addiction, and exploring the damage they do to users. The book moves on to policy, answering questions about legalization, the role of criminal prohibitions, and the relative legal tolerance for alcohol and tobacco. The authors then dissect the illicit trade, from street dealers to the flow of money to the effect of catching kingpins, and show the precise nature of the relationship between drugs and crime. They examine treatment, both its effectiveness and the role of public policy, and discuss the beneficial effects of some abusable substances. Finally they move outward to look at the role of drugs in our foreign policy, their relationship to terrorism, and the ugly politics that surround the issue. Crisp, clear, and comprehensive, this is a handy and up-to-date overview of one of the most pressing topics in today's world.

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Mandle, Jon, and Sarah Roberts-Cady, eds. John Rawls. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859213.001.0001.

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This collection of original essays explores major areas of debate inspired by the political philosophy of John Rawls. The volume is divided into ten parts, exploring ten distinct questions: Can Rawls’s conception of public reason offer determinate answers to major questions of justice? Is ideal theory useful or relevant to resolving issues of justice in the nonideal world? Are libertarians correct to criticize Rawls’s work for failing to prioritize economic liberty? Should the problems of distributive justice be understood in terms of luck egalitarian or relational egalitarian assumptions? When institutions aim at equality, what is it that they should seek to equalize—primary goods, capabilities, or welfare? Does Rawls’s theory of justice have the resources to address justice for people who are significantly dependent on others and their caregivers? Is Rawls’s theory adequate for addressing gender injustice? Can or should Rawls’s theory include justice for nonhuman animals? Should the principles of economic justice that hold at the global level be similar to the egalitarian principles of justice that hold at the domestic level? Is Rawls’s theory of global justice too tolerant of nonliberal societies? For each question, there is an introductory essay, providing an overview of the relevant arguments from Rawls’s work and the historical contours of the debate that ensued. Each introductory essay is followed by two essays written by scholars who take opposing positions, moving the discussion forward in a fruitful way.

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