Journal articles: 'Probléme of tolerance'

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Greenwood, W. H., and K. W. Chase. "Worst Case Tolerance Analysis with Nonlinear Problems." Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187874.

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When designers assign tolerances on engineering drawings, they have a significant influence on the resulting cost and producibility of manufactured products. A rational basis for assigning tolerances involves constructing mathematical models of tolerance accumulation in assemblies of parts. However, tolerance stacks in two or three-dimensional problems or other nonlinear assembly functions may distort the resultant assembly tolerances, altering the range and symmetry. An iterative method is described for adjusting the nominal dimensions of the component parts such that the specified assembly limits are not violated.

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Koriakina, Anzhelina A. "The Problem of Ethnic Tolerance Development among Students." Educational Process: International Journal 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2019.81.6.

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Balling, Richard J., Joseph C. Free, and Alan R. Parkinson. "Consideration of Worst-Case Manufacturing Tolerances in Design Optimization." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 108, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258751.

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The paper discusses the effect of manufacturing tolerances for the design variables on the solution to an optimization problem. Two formulations of the tolerance problem in an optimization context are presented. Linearization is employed to reduce the problems to quadratic and linear programming problems. The formulations and solutions of the two tolerance problems are illustrated with an example application.

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Vignesh Kumar, D., D. Ravindran, M. Siva Kumar, and MN Islam. "Optimum tolerance synthesis of simple assemblies with nominal dimension selection using genetic algorithm." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 19 (August 8, 2016): 3488–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215613366.

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Optimum tolerance allocation plays a vital role in minimization of the direct manufacturing cost, and it is sensitive to tolerances related to variations in manufacturing processes. However, optimal adjustment of both nominal dimensions and selection of tolerances may further reduce assembly manufacturing cost and wastage of materials during processing. Most studies in existing literature focus on optimum tolerance allocation for the assemblies without considering nominal dimension selection. The method proposed in this work uses genetic algorithm techniques to allocate tolerances to assembly components, thereby minimizing costs. The component alternate nominal dimensions are predicted based on critical dimensions and its tolerances. The effectiveness of the developed algorithms demonstrated using randomly generated problems as well as sample problems taken from the literature. Test results are compared with those obtained using the Lagrange multiplier method. It is shown that by adjusting the nominal dimensions, the proposed method yields considerable savings in manufacturing costs.

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Banciu, Felicia Veronica, Ion Grozav, and Cristian Gheorge Turc. "Tolerance Allocation Using Design of Experiments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (May 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.45.

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Tolerance design plays a very important in any manufacturing process because this activity directly influences products cost and quality. In design activity the designer solve the quality problems selecting tight tolerances for components but this generates cost increasing. The practical problem is to assure the high quality characteristics using the maximum tolerances for components that influence them. The paper’s aim is to find optimal parameters setting which assure the desire value of quality characteristics using the DoE (Design of Experiments), and to find a mathematical model and a respective quality characteristic function of the parameters that it was influenced. Using the mathematical function, by imposing the desired tolerance for quality characteristic, it will be allocated the optimal tolerance for components. This tolerance allocation will be verified using Monte-Carlo method.

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Zou, Zhihua, and Edward P. Morse. "Applications of the GapSpace Model for Multidimensional Mechanical Assemblies." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1565072.

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The most fundamental, and perhaps most important, task in the tolerance analysis of assemblies is to test whether or not the components with tolerances are actually able to fit together (called assembleability). Another important task of tolerance analysis is to check how the tolerances affect the quality or functionality of a product when they are assembled together. This paper presents the way the tolerance analyses are implemented by an assembly model, called the GapSpace model. The model can not only capture the necessary and sufficient conditions for assembleability analysis, but also transfers the functionality into the modeling variables (gaps). The assembleability analyses based on the GapSpace model for nominal components and those with worst case or statistical tolerances are introduced through an example. The problems of testing the quality of assemblies and calculating sensitivities are solved quickly and precisely using the model. The GapSpace model is more suitable for certain GD&T tolerancing methods than for parametric plus/minus tolerancing.

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Tanaka, Fumiki. "Current Situation and Problems for Representation of Tolerance and Surface Texture in 3D CAD Model." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 2 (March 5, 2011): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0201.

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This paper explores current problems in representing of tolerances and surface textures in 3D computeraided design (CAD) models. Today, all available 3D product data, such as dimensioning and tolerance, are not used in digital form throughout the product development processes. Tolerance and surface texture data for product are very important in design data. In downstream processes, such as process planning and manufacturing, such data are referenced to determine machining processes and process parameters. In inspection, such data provide criteria for verifying functionality of the machined product based on measurement results. Previously, such data were communicated using 2D drawing and not included in 3D CAD data.3D models are widely used and demand is increasing for the annotations in 3D model, e.g., standard for the digital product definition data practices was developed by ISO, and the guidelines for 3D drawing were developed by the automobile industry. This paper explores needs and requirements of tolerance and surface texture representations which are associated with 3D CAD data in product development processes, together with current status, problems, and future works in representing tolerances and surface textures associated with 3D CAD data.

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Anggraeni, Dewi, and Siti Suhartinah. "Toleransi Antar Umat Beragama Perspektif KH. Ali Mustafa Yaqub." Jurnal Online Studi Al-Qur'an 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jsq.014.1.05.

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This paper is to analyze the thinking of KH Ali Mustafa Yaqub on tolerance inter-religious. Tolerance is urgent for giving solution for the problems religious in Indonesia today. The understanding of tolerance can create harmony inter-religious. This paper is a literature review of Ali Mustafa Yaqub books. The results of this study indicate that conflict inter-religious often occur and very easy to divide the nation one. Therefore need a meaningful interpretation related to good tolerance among the faithful will bring to the harmony of religious life. Keywords: Tolerance, Inter-religious, KH Ali Mustafa Yaqub Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemikiran KH. Ali Mustafa Yaqub mengenai toleransi antar umat beragama untuk dijadikan satu solusi dalam menjawab permasalahan umat beragama di Indonesia saat ini, yakni permasalahan krisisnya sikap toleransi. Dengan pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai toleransi diharapkan dapat menciptakan kerukunan yang stabil antar umat beragama. Metode dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah kajian literatur atas buku-buku karya Ali Mustofa Yakub. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konflik antar umat beragama sering terjadi dan berpotensi memecah belah persatuan bangsa; karenanya diperlukan pemaknaan yang komprehensif terkait toleransi yang baik antar umat beragama. Keywords: Toleransi,Umat Beragama, KH. Ali Mustofa Yaqub

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Li, Wei Qi, Jun Hong, Yun Long Li, Yi Zhang, and Zong Bin Li. "A Method on the Decision of Tolerance Grade Based on Cost and Lifetime." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.568.

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Product tolerance is one of the important factors which affect the quality and cost of product. However, influenced by many complicated factors, there are still many problems which need to be resolved compared with other research works in CAD field. How to determine tolerances of product effectively is still a big problem. Based on exponent model of tolerance-cost, the relationships between tolerance and other characteristics influencing processing cost are studied in this paper. A relational model of tolerance-cost is come up with based on the above relationships. And then, internal relation between tolerance and lifetime is discussed. Meanwhile, along with the lifetime converted into the cost, the compensated relational model of tolerance-lifetime is presented. Finally, the method on the decision of tolerance grade is analyzed. This paper realizes the organic combination of tolerance, lifetime and cost, and effectively decides how to generate tolerance grades.

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Budiwantoro, Bagus, Indra Djodikusumo, and Ade Ramdan. "ANALYSIS OF GEOMETRICAL SPECIFICATION IN DECANTER CENTRIFUGE MACHINE." ASEAN Engineering Journal 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v8.15501.

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A decanter centrifuge machine has been developed and currently at a complete stage of a preliminary 3D design layout. The next phase is a production phase. In the production phase, an ideal component that is identical with the 3D model will never be realized. Every manufacturing process has unavoidable variations. If they are accumulated, they can be immense and may cause serious problems. The machine may fail. Thus, the analysis of geometry specification is necessary to be conducted. The main objective of this study is to design the geometry specification which includes their tolerance to assure that the machine will work and achieve its performance, considering variation in manufacturing process. The study consists of four stages, they are: (1) reviewing the 3D design layout, (2) identifying functional key characteristics, (3) analyzing each requirement to determine the geometric dimensioning and tolerancing schemes and (4) allocating tolerances. Every scheme was built through six steps, establish the performance requirements, draw a loop diagram, converting dimension to mean dimension, calculate mean value with stack tolerance, determine the method of tolerance analysis and calculate the variation of performance requirements. The tolerance analysis uses the worst case and statistical methods. They involve 45 fixed tolerances and 38 variable tolerances. The calculated variation data output of every requirement is elaborated to finalize tolerance value that will meet all requirements. Finally, the final tolerance values are allocated and set to component geometry. This analysis concludes that every final tolerance of variable tolerance values must be tighter for the worst case method, and only 42% for statistical method. Probability of machine will work and achieve its performance is 100% for the worst case method and 99.73% for the statistical method.

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Cheng, Kuo Ming, and Jhy Cherng Tsai. "Optimal Statistical Tolerance Allocation of Assemblies for Minimum Manufacturing Cost." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1818.

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This paper explores a systematic method for optimal statistical tolerance allocation using the Lagrange multiplier method for minimizing manufacturing cost subject to constraints on dimensional chains and machining capabilities. The reciprocal power and exponential cost-tolerance models for statistical tolerancing are investigated for employing this method. The optimization problem is solved by applying the algorithmic approach. Especially, we further derive a closed-form expression of the tolerance optimization problem for reciprocal exponential cost-tolerance model by introducing the Lambert W function. For constrained minimization problems with only equality constraints, the optimum tolerance allocation can be obtained by solving simultaneous equations without further differentiating. An example is illustrated to demonstrate this approach. The result also shows that tolerances can be allocated quickly, economically and accurately using this method.

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Zhang, Hong Rong, Gao Wei Zhan, Wei Li, Qing Yue Wei, Ming Li, and Ying Zhong Tian. "The Method of Tolerance Analysis Base on the Monte Carlo." Advanced Materials Research 1039 (October 2014): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1039.140.

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The primary goal of concurrent engineering is to minimize the time spend and to reduce quality problems encountered between a product's conception and customer use, thereby minimizing cost and maximizing product quality. Tolerance is an important index of product design and manufacture. Although they are small as compared with part dimensions, tolerances can propagate and accumulate in an assembly affecting the product assimilability. Moreover, tolerance is inevitable because manufacturing exactly equal parts is known to be impossible. This paper presents a brief review of statistical tolerance and clearance analysis for the assembly, and proposes a method of tolerance analysis by a leading commercial computer-aided tolerance (CAT) analysis system, VisVSA. This method can ensure assembly precision requirements, and design optimally tolerance distribution based on Monte Carlo simulation, take a example of brake assembly to detailed introduce the use of this method. The purpose of this article is expected to make the following contributions: (i) to help the designers to evaluate products for assimilability, (ii) to provide a new perspective to tolerance problems, and (iii) to provide a tolerance analysis tool, VisVSA, which can be incorporated into a CAD or solid modeling system.

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Voytyuk, Oksana. "Problems of tolerance in Crimean society." Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne 22 (2013): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/pss.2013.22.09.

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Mangantibe, Veydy Yanto, and Mario Chlief Taliwuna. "Toleransi Beragama Sebagai Pendekatan Misi Kristen Di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Religiosity Entity Humanity (JIREH) 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37364/jireh.v3i1.56.

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This article discusses religious tolerance as a mission approach in Indonesia. Religious toleranceis not sufficient to respond only to the attitude of acknowledging and accepting reality indifferent beliefs. But it must also be understood as a way that is formed in the attitude of socialinteraction which recognizes that they must need other people in their differences. If not, thenthey will be faced with problems of personal beliefs driven by different teaching understandingswhich lead to conflict in the division of the nation. This article uses a qualitative approach with adescriptive analysis method. Religious tolerance is one of the "assets" for the creation of theUnitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) in different ethnicities, cultures and religions.The religious tolerance that exists in Indonesian society is an opportunity to bring peace with theform of accommodation in the form of social interactions to avoid conflict which results in thedivision of the nation so that this has an impact on the peace and harmony of nations in differentbeliefs. This is also a form of mission approach with an attitude of faith that brings peace to God love in the midst of differences in ethnicity, culture and religious beliefs. Artikel ini membahas mengenai toleransi beragama sebagai pendekatan misi di Indoensia: Toleransi agama tidak cukup hanya direspon dengan sikap mengakui dan menerima kenyataan dalam keyakinan yang berbeda, namun harus dipahami sebagai cara yang terbentuk dalam sikap interaksi sosial yang mengakui bahwa mereka harus membuthkan orang lain dalam perbedaan, jika tidak maka akan diperhadapkan dengan maslah-masalah keyakinan pribadi yang didorong dengan pemahaman pengajaran yang berbeda yang mengikibatkan konflik pada perpecahan bangsa. Adapun artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Toleransi beragama adalah salah satu “modal” bagi terciptanya Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) dalam berbedaan suku, budaya dan agama. Sikap toleransi agama yang ada di tengah masyarakat Indonesia, merupakan kesempatan untuk membawa damai dengan bentuk akomodasi dalam wujud interkasi sosial demi menghidari konflik yang mengikibatkan pada perpecahan bangsa sehingga hal ini berdampak pada kedamaiaan dan kerhamonisan berbangsa dalam keyakinan yang berbeda. Tentunya ini juga sebagai bentuk pendekatan misi dengan sikap iman yang membawa damai kasih Allah ditengah-tengah perbedaan suku, budaya dan keyakinan agama.

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Corrado, Andrea, and Wilma Polini. "Assembly design in aeronautic field: From assembly jigs to tolerance analysis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 14 (March 7, 2016): 2652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416635033.

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Tolerance analysis represents the best way to solve assembly problems in order to improve the quality and to reduce the costs. It is a critical step to design and to build a product such as an aircraft and its importance is grown up in the past years. This work presents a method for the tolerance analysis of an assembly involving free-form surfaces with large dimensions. The assembly is a tail beam, a structural component of an aircraft that is constituted by five parts of large dimensions. The influence of the tolerances applied to the five components of the tail beam on the value of the gap at the interfaces among the parts has been deeply investigated. A set of control points have been distributed on the free-form surfaces of the tail beam; its number and its distribution have been opportunely designed. Moreover, the influence of the tolerances on the other requirements of the tail beam connected with the motion drive has been studied. Tolerance analysis has involved the choice of the assembly tools and sequence too. The assembly jigs are mated with the assembly components through pins that are inserted into tooling holes located on the assembly components. The fit conditions have been modeled and the tolerances of the tooling hole have been opportunely chosen. Each tolerance of the tail beam components has been modeled by means of a probability density function. Monte Carlo approach has been used to obtain the statistical distribution of the assembly requirements, once dimensions and geometry of the tail beam components have been perturbed inside the tolerance ranges. Monte Carlo simulation has been carried out by a well-known computer-aided tolerance software, eM-Tolmate of UGS®.

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Arni, Ramakrishna, and S. K. Gupta. "Manufacturability Analysis of Flatness Tolerances in Solid Freeform Fabrication." Journal of Mechanical Design 123, no. 1 (September 1, 1999): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1326439.

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Increasingly, Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) processes are being considered for creating functional parts. In such applications, SFF can either be used for creating tooling (i.e., patterns for casting, low volume molds, etc.) or directly creating the functional part itself. In order to create defect free functional parts, it is extremely important to fabricate the parts within allowable dimensional and geometric tolerances. This paper describes a systematic approach to analyzing manufacturability of parts produced using SFF processes with flatness tolerance requirements on the planar faces of the part. Our research is expected to help SFF designers and process providers in the following ways. By evaluating design tolerances against a given process capability, it will help designers in eliminating manufacturing problems and selecting the right SFF process for the given design. It will help process providers in selecting a build direction that can meet all design tolerance requirements.

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Wu, Jian Jun, and Yi Zhen Wang. "Applying Life Cycle Six Sigma in Tolerance Design Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.881.

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Setting of tolerances to meet a required specification of quality characteristic and keep low manufacturing cost is one of common problems in the process quality control. But generally traditional tolerance design only focus on cost of manufacturing, few consider product Life Cycle Cost. In these situations, to obtain a satisfactory six sigma quality level as well as keep lower life cycle total cost should be considered. This paper expands tolerance optimization based on the manufacturing cost to the product life cycle cost, which can improve product quality to the six sigma level and keep lower LCC simultaneously.

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Vignesh Kumar, D., D. Ravindran, N. Lenin, and M. Siva Kumar. "Tolerance allocation of complex assembly with nominal dimension selection using Artificial Bee Colony algorithm." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218756439.

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Optimum tolerance allocation plays a vital role in minimizing the direct manufacturing cost of mechanical assembly. It is very sensitive due to the variations in manufacturing processes of the components. Most of the earlier studies are aiming at optimum tolerance allocation for assemblies without considering the selection of nominal dimensions of components and considering them as discrete values. It is proposed to minimize the manufacturing cost of an assembly with tolerance allocation and alternate nominal dimension selections by considering them in closer decimal intervals. The evolutionary algorithms such as Genetic and Artificial Bee Colony algorithms are developed and proposed to achieve the above objectives. The performance of the algorithms has been enhanced with the seed solution obtained using Lagrange Multiplier method. The complex assembly problems proposed by various authors with the required parameters have been considered for investigating the proposed method. The critical dimensions of the assemblies are fixed and the nominal dimension has been varied with its tolerances. The resultant manufacturing cost by various methods is presented and compared with corresponding nominal dimensions and tolerances. Based on the percentage of improvement of manufacturing cost, it is observed that the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm outperforms.

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Zhou, Chuanyuan, Zhenyu Liu, Chan Qiu, and Jianrong Tan. "A quasi-Monte Carlo statistical three-dimensional tolerance analysis method of products based on edge sampling." Assembly Automation 41, no. 4 (June 18, 2021): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2020-0144.

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Purpose The conventional statistical method of three-dimensional tolerance analysis requires numerous pseudo-random numbers and consumes enormous computations to increase the calculation accuracy, such as the Monte Carlo simulation. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method to overcome the problems. Design/methodology/approach With the combination of the quasi-Monte Carlo method and the unified Jacobian-torsor model, this paper proposes a three-dimensional tolerance analysis method based on edge sampling. By setting reasonable evaluation criteria, the sequence numbers representing relatively smaller deviations are excluded and the remaining numbers are selected and kept which represent deviations approximate to and still comply with the tolerance requirements. Findings The case study illustrates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in that it can reduce the sample size, diminish the computations, predict wider tolerance ranges and improve the accuracy of three-dimensional tolerance of precision assembly simultaneously. Research limitations/implications The proposed method may be applied only when the dimensional and geometric tolerances are interpreted in the three-dimensional tolerance representation model. Practical implications The proposed tolerance analysis method can evaluate the impact of manufacturing errors on the product structure quantitatively and provide a theoretical basis for structural design, process planning and manufacture inspection. Originality/value The paper is original in proposing edge sampling as a sampling strategy to generating deviation numbers in tolerance analysis.

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Ngoi, B. K. A., B. H. Lim, and A. S. Ong. "The Nexus method for evaluating geometric dimensioning and tolerancing problems with position callout." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 214, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405001517612.

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This paper describes the so-called Nexus method for evaluating geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GDT) problems. It is specifically designed for position tolerance involving bonus and shift tolerances. The method constructs graphical representations of features termed Nexus cells. The cells contain all geometric information of the features in numerical values. After each feature is represented by a Nexus cell, the cells are linked up to form the Nexus model for the part. Once the model is completed, it can be used to evaluate GDT problems associated with the part. The method is also applicable for assembly. Application examples are presented and results obtained are compared with and verified by the conventional stack form method.

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Polini, Wilma, M. Marrocu, and L. D’Ambrosio. "Tolerance Analysis of Free-Form Surfaces in Composite Material." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 7, no. 1 (July 19, 2006): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424243.

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The aim of this work is to present a method for the tolerance analysis of an assembly involving free-form surfaces based on dimensional and geometric tolerances. The great effort of the present work is to deal with dimensional and geometric tolerances applied to free-form surfaces. The case of study is the flaperon, a structural component of the aircraft, that is constituted by one skin cover, eight ribs, and one spar. The ten components of the flaperon are connected by adhesive, in order to overcome the problems due to the rivets use. Adhesive thickness between the faced parts to connect should be as constant as possible in order to obtain the right structural connection. The influence of the tolerances applied to the ten components of the flaperon on the value of the gap at the interfaces among each couple of components has been deeply investigated by means of the proposed method. Moreover, the influence of the tolerances on the aerodynamic performances of the flaperon has also been analyzed.

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Uvarina, Natalya Viktorovna. "Aspects of the Problem of Forming Professional Tolerance Offuture School Teachers Within Conditions of Virtual Educational Environment." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP3 (February 28, 2020): 1206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp3/20201368.

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Rouf, Abdul. "Penguatan Landasan Teologis: Pola Mewujudkan Moderasi Kehidupan Beragama." Jurnal Bimas Islam 13, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 105–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v13i1.148.

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Abstrak Tulisan ini mencoba mengungkapkan realitas keberagaman sosial di Indonesia dengan segala problematika dan upaya perawatannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yaitu mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian dan diikuti oleh analisis data untuk mendapat data yang relevan dan akurat. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif-analitis, tulisan ini mengkaji suatu perspektif al-Qur’an melalui ayat-ayat-nya tentang konsep satu pola mewujudkan moderasi hidup beragama melalui penguatan pada segi teologis hubungan muslim non-muslim dan pemahaman agama yang pluralis dan inklusif untuk mendukung upaya mewujudkan sikap keterbukaan dan toleran. Dengan demikian, aspek toleransi mempunyai peran penting dari kerja sama pemerintah dan para tokoh agama untuk mendukung akselerasi dari makna dan substansi toleransi yang ditransformasikan ke dalam kehidupan sosial kemasyarakatan, sehingga konflik secara horizontal dapat dihindarkan dengan pola hidup yang moderat. Kata Kunci: Moderasi, Ekstremisme, Liberalisme, Toleransi, Inklusif Abstract This study aims to reveal the social diversity reality in Indonesia with all its problems and solutions. The method in this research is used the qualitative method with a descriptive approach to describe the study results in accordance with the study objectives then followed by data analysis to obtain an appropriate and accurate research findings. With a qualitative-descriptive-analytical approach, this study examines the Qur’an perspective through its verses on the concept of a pattern for embodying the religious life moderation in order to promote unity of the nation and state through the strengthening theological aspects of Muslim and non-Muslim relations as well as pluralistic and inclusive understandings in accepting openness and tolerance. Tolerance has an important role of cooperation between the government and religious leaders to accelerate the tolerance implementation that is transformed into social life avoiding horizontal conflict in a moderate manner. Keywords: Moderation, Extremism, Liberalism, Tolerance, Inclusive

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Wdowiak, Patrycja. "O rodzajach tolerancji w filozofii Profesor Iji Lazari‑Pawłowskiej." Etyka 44 (December 1, 2011): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.455.

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Autorka niniejszego artykułu prezentuje w nim zagadnienia związane z problemem tolerancji w ujęciu prof. Iji Lazari‑Pawłowskiej. Porusza między innymi kwestie dotyczące definicji oraz przedmiotu tolerancji, a także motywów tolerancyjnego postępowania. Autorka zwraca także uwagę na trzy podstawowe pojęcia tolerancji, które w jednym ze swoich artykułów wyróżniła prof. Lazari‑Pawłowska. Mowa tutaj o tolerancji negatywnej, pozytywnej oraz tolerancji rozumianej jako brak przymusu przy oddziaływaniu na partnerów interakcji. Ponadto prof. Lazari‑Pawłowska podejmuje również kwestię dotyczącą określania granic tolerancji zarówno w codziennym życiu, jak i w badaniach naukowych. Problem ten wydaje się szczególnie istotny, gdyż, jak zauważyła prof. Lazari‑Pawłowska, tolerancja nie jest wartością fundamentalną ani wartością samą w sobie.

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Boriwan, Pornpimon, Matthias Ehrgott, Daishi Kuroiwa, and Narin Petrot. "The Lexicographic Tolerable Robustness Concept for Uncertain Multi-Objective Optimization Problems: A Study on Water Resources Management." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 7582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187582.

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In this study, we introduce a robust solution concept for uncertain multi-objective optimization problems called the lexicographic tolerable robust solution. This approach is advantageous for the practical implementation of problems in which the solution should satisfy priority levels in the objective function and the worst performance vector of the solution obtained by the proposed concept is close to a reference point of the considered problem, within an acceptable tolerance threshold. Important properties of the solution sets of this introduced concept as well as an algorithm for finding such solutions are presented and discussed. We provide the implementation of the proposed lexicographic tolerable robust solution to improve understanding for practitioners by relying on the data of the water resources master plan for Serbia from Simonovic, 2009. Moreover, we are also concerned with the method of updating a desirable solution for fitting with the preferences when compromising of the multiple groups of decision makers is needed.

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Karmanov, M. V., and O. A. Mahova. "TOLERANCE: FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF EVALUATION." Statistics and Economics 15, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2018-1-52-58.

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Mayer, Lloyd. "Oral Tolerance: New Approaches, New Problems." Clinical Immunology 94, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/clim.1999.4791.

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Габриелов, A. Gabrielov, Бархатов, Vladimir Barkhatov, Удовин, and I. Udovin. "Problems of Definition and Use of Tolerance at Risk Management." Russian Journal of Project Management 4, no. 4 (December 17, 2015): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17504.

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Risk tolerance is a widely used concept which, however, has no unambiguous definition. In this paper are considered key distinctions in "risk tolerance" term understanding in the context of a company’s risk management system. The authors have allocated factors influencing tolerance level, and have analyzed main approaches to this tolerance definition. A review of actual practice for risk tolerance use in Russian and foreign companies is presented in this paper. At conclusion the authors have defined problems related to tolerance use in projects’ and organizations’ risk management system, and also have formulated further research directions in this area.

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Wallner, Johannes, Hans-Peter Schröcker, and Shi-Min Hu. "Tolerances in Geometric Constraint Problems." Reliable Computing 11, no. 3 (June 2005): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11155-005-3617-0.

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Abdul Rahman, Nur Farhana, and Khadijah Mohd Khambali. "Religious Tolerance in Malaysia: Problems and Challenges." International Journal of Islamic Thought 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24035/ijit.03.2013.007.

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Pisinger, David, and Alima Saidi. "Tolerance analysis for 0–1 knapsack problems." European Journal of Operational Research 258, no. 3 (May 2017): 866–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.10.054.

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Glaßer, Christian, A. Pavan, and Stephen Travers. "The fault tolerance of NP-hard problems." Information and Computation 209, no. 3 (March 2011): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2010.11.012.

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Greenwood, W. H., and K. W. Chase. "Root Sum Squares Tolerance Analysis with Nonlinear Problems." Journal of Engineering for Industry 112, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899604.

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Elementary tolerance analysis with nonlinear assembly equations or functions can lead to significant errors when either Worst Limits or Root Sum Squares are applied. A previous paper [1] presented the errors and a corrective design method for Worst Limit elementary tolerance analysis. In this paper, Root Sum Squares tolerance analysis is applied to a nonlinear assembly equation, which gives significant errors in the assembly acceptance fraction. Advanced statistical analysis can be used in an iterative design procedure to specify the independent variables which meet the specified assembly in spite of the nonlinearities.

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Hamasuna, Yukihiro, Yasunori Endo, and Sadaaki Miyamoto. "On Tolerant Fuzzyc-Means Clustering." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 13, no. 4 (July 20, 2009): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0421.

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This paper presents a new type of clustering algorithms by using a tolerance vector called tolerant fuzzyc-means clustering (TFCM). In the proposed algorithms, the new concept of tolerance vector plays very important role. In the original concept of tolerance, a tolerance vector attributes to each data. This concept is developed to handle data flexibly, that is, a tolerance vector attributes not only to each data but also each cluster. Using the new concept, we can consider the influence of clusters to each data by the tolerance. First, the new concept of tolerance is introduced into optimization problems based on conventional fuzzyc-means clustering (FCM). Second, the optimization problems with tolerance are solved by using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Third, new clustering algorithms are constructed based on the explicit optimal solutions of the optimization problems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is verified through numerical examples by fuzzy classification function.

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Laffont, Jean-Louis, Bonnie Hong, Bo-Jein Kuo, and Kirk M. Remund. "Exact theoretical distributions around the replicate results of a germination test." Seed Science Research 29, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258519000011.

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AbstractMany seed quality tests are conducted by first randomly assigning seeds into replicates of a given size. The replicate results are then used to check whether or not any problems occur in the realization of the test. The two main tools developed for this verification are the ratio of the observed variance of the replicate results to a theoretical variance and the tolerance for the range of the results. In this paper, we derive the theoretical distribution and its related properties of the sequence of numbers of seeds with a given quality attribute present in the replicates. From these theoretical results, we revisit the two quality checking tools widely used for the germination test. We show a precaution to be taken when relying on the variance ratio to check for under- or over-dispersion of the replicate results. This has led to the development of tables providing credible intervals of the variance ratio. The International Seed Testing Association tolerance tables for the range of the results are also compared with tolerances computed from the exact theoretical distribution of the range, leading us to recommend a revision of these tables.

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Endo, Yasunori, Yasushi Hasegawa, Yukihiro Hamasuna, and Sadaaki Miyamoto. "Fuzzyc-Means for Data with Rectangular Maximum Tolerance Range." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 12, no. 5 (September 20, 2008): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2008.p0461.

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This paper provides new clustering algorithms for data with tolerance. Tolerance is understood in a broad sense, e.g., calculation errors and loss of attribute of data. The concept of tolerance is modified by using new concept of tolerance vector. First, the concept is explained and optimization problems of clustering are formulated using the vectors. Second, the problems are solved using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Third, the new clustering algorithms are constructed by using the solutions of the problems. Moreover, the effectiveness of proposed algorithms is verified through some numerical examples.

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Harjadi, Beny, Inkorena G. S. Sukartono, and Etty Hesthiati. "Ambang Batas Erosi Pada Suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai (Studi Kasus di DAS Tulis, Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah)." EnviroScienteae 16, no. 3 (December 9, 2020): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v16i3.9677.

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Watersheds (DAS), which are river basins flowing in one outlet and limited by hills and mountains, often occur in land degradation or erosion. Erosion that occurs is said to be safe if it does not exceed the tolerable erosion or erosion tolerance limits or often called T-values. With regard to problems on sloping land in a watershed, the purpose of this study is to calculate the value of T-values or erosion tolerance limits. Calculation of T-values using the Hammer method (1981), namely by observing the factors of soil depth and effective depth of roots, and resources life of 300 or 400 years. T-value results are classified into 4 classes, namely (tons/ha/year) : (1) very low (<5), (2) low (5-25), (3) high (25-50), and (4) very high (> 50). The research location in the Tulis watershed is 12,750 ha in DTW (Reservoir Catchment Area) Mrica Banjarnegara. From the calculation of the T-value obtained results: very low 0.03% (3.8 ha), low 2.46% (313.7 ha), high 49.31% (6,287 ha), and very high 48.2% (6,145.5 ha).

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Marcuccio, Gabriele, Elvio Bonisoli, Stefano Tornincasa, John E. Mottershead, Edoardo Patelli, and Weizhuo Wang. "Image decomposition and uncertainty quantification for the assessment of manufacturing tolerances in stress analysis." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 49, no. 8 (May 27, 2014): 618–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324714533694.

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This article presents a methodology for the treatment of uncertainty in nonlinear, interference-fit, stress analysis problems arising from manufacturing tolerances. Image decomposition is applied to the uncertain stress field to produce a small number of shape descriptors that allow for variability in the location of high-stress points when geometric parameters (dimensions) are changed within tolerance ranges. A meta-model, in this case based on the polynomial chaos expansion, is trained using a full finite element model to provide a mapping from input geometric parameters to output shape descriptors. Global sensitivity analysis using Sobol’s indices provides a design tool that enables the influence of each input parameter on the observed variances of the outputs to be quantified. The methodology is illustrated by a simplified practical design problem in the manufacture of automotive wheels.

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Sharma, Dinesh, R. K. Jana, and Avinash Gaur. "Fuzzy goal programming for agricultural land allocation problems." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 17, no. 1 (2007): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0701031s.

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This paper presents a fuzzy goal programming (FGP) approach for optimal allocation of land under cultivation and proposes an annual agricultural plan for different crops. In the model formulation, goals such as crop production, net profit, water and labor requirements, and machine utilization are modeled as fuzzy. A tolerance based FGP technique is used to quantify fuzziness of different goals for the problem. The fuzzy goals are transformed to linear constraints by introducing tolerance variables. The program then minimizes the values of the weighted sum of tolerance allowance variables for the highest membership grades, providing the most satisfactory set of allocations possible. As a measure of sensitivity, the problem is solved using different weight structures specified by the decision maker. A case study is provided to illustrate the usefulness of the method. .

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Petrone, G., G. Spagnuolo, and M. Vitelli. "Worst Case Tolerance Analysis in Static Field Problems." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40, no. 2 (March 2004): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.824098.

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Krulwich, Terry Ann. "Alkaliphiles:'basic'molecular problems of pH tolerance and bioenergetics." Molecular Microbiology 15, no. 3 (February 1995): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02253.x.

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Thompson, K., and D. Tilman. "Tilman vs Grime: Problems of Competition and Tolerance." Journal of Biogeography 16, no. 1 (January 1989): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845316.

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Beales, P. E. "Problems with inducing tolerance to Type 1 diabetes." Diabetes / Metabolism Reviews 14, no. 3 (September 1998): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0895(1998090)14:3<257::aid-dmr220>3.0.co;2-p.

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Baíllo, Amparo, and Antonio Cuevas. "Parametric versus nonparametric tolerance regions in detection problems." Computational Statistics 21, no. 3-4 (August 17, 2006): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00180-006-0010-3.

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Sokkalingam, P. T., and Prabha Sharma. "A combinatorial arc tolerance analysis for network flow problems." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2005, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jamds.2005.83.

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For the separable convex cost flow problem, we consider the problem of determining tolerance set for each arc cost function. For a given optimal flow x, a valid perturbation of cij(x) is a convex function that can be substituted for cij(x) in the total cost function without violating the optimality of x. Tolerance set for an arc(i,j) is the collection of all valid perturbations of cij(x). We characterize the tolerance set for each arc(i,j) in terms of nonsingleton shortest distances between nodes i and j. We also give an efficient algorithm to compute the nonsingleton shortest distances between all pairs of nodes in O(n3) time where n denotes the number of nodes in the given graph.

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Shilyaev, Sergey, Evgeniy Slashchev, Vladimir Osetrov, Igor Voyachek, and Rinat Shaikhov. "Determination of the parameters of typical multi-link dimensional chains (closing link is tension) using recurrent dependencies." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032903015.

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The existing approach to the use of the group interchangeability method during assembly, which are concentrated, has a number of significant drawbacks: 1) there are no formulas for calculating the upper and lower deviations of the component parts of the dimensional chain; 2) deviations are selected without taking into account the design of the component links (the method of equal tolerances is used); 3) the method is applicable for the number of links no more than three with a small number of groups. For other types of problems there is no algorithm, mathematical apparatus, and examples of calculation are not considered sequentially; 4) the calculation by the group interchangeability method is limited by the condition of equal tolerances, i.e. excluding compensators and compensating properties of materials as a part of mechanisms; 5) the calculations are based on assumptions about the economic feasibility of increasing the closing link by a factor of n without taking into account the feasibility of such an increase in the component links that is not permissible in complex mechanisms; 6) the size of the batch of parts and the volume of work in progress are not reflected, as one of the factors of economic feasibility of establishing production tolerance. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the method of achieving accuracy by group interchangeability. This article discusses typical problems that rise when solving dimensional chains in which the closing link is a tension.

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Campanini, Massimo. "Al-Ġazālī e il problema del dissenso religioso (zandaqa)." Studi Magrebini 17, no. 1-2 (December 13, 2019): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2590034x-12340002.

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Abstract Al-Ġazālī’s Fayṣal al-tafriqa bayn al-Islām waʾl-zandaqa was aimed to contest religious dissidents, especially Ismaʿili Fāṭimids, but also to promote religious peace in troubled times. It was a fatwā by which al-Ġazālī as a jurist and a muǧaddid planned to achieve a composition between harsh sectarian quarrels. This “mission” did not involve in itself “tolerance” towards opponents, but simply appeasement. Tolerance, however, is more an ethical and juridical than a religious or dogmatic item.

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Matyushina, V. V. "THE AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE NOTION “TOLERANCE”." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(32) (October 28, 2013): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-5-32-239-246.

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The conception of tolerance in philosophy and linguistics is considered in the article. The article shows the philosophical and sociopolitical nature of the notion “tolerance” together with a special stress on the usage peculiarities of the word “tolerance” in the Russian language. The place of tolerance in the system of values is studied and also its place in the theory of cultural dialogue is defined. There has lately been a discussion among Russian researchers about the phenomenon under consideration - that of tolerance – and its top-importance. The whole terminology ,connected with the problems of tolerance, as well as the very word “tolerance”, are borrowed from English. The analysis of the usage of the Russian equivalents for the term “tolerance” is carried out with the help of the materials devoted to the problems of tolerance. Moreover, an attempt is made to define the status of tolerance as a value of modern society because contemporary philosophy considers tolerance to be one of the fundamental values of the present. As the interaction of cultures is basically a dialogue a modern human being has to overcome stereotypes and become tolerant to realize and appreciate other cultures. Modern society needs some new communication methods based on the respect for different cultures.

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Cuthbert, Ross N., Syrmalenia G. Kotronaki, Jaimie T. A. Dick, and Elizabeta Briski. "Salinity tolerance and geographical origin predict global alien amphipod invasions." Biology Letters 16, no. 9 (September 2020): 20200354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0354.

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Invasive alien species are driving global biodiversity loss, compromising ecosystem function and service provision, and human, animal and plant health. Habitat characteristics and geographical origin may predict invasion success, and in aquatic environments could be mediated principally by salinity tolerance. Crustacean invaders are causing global problems and we urgently require better predictive power of their invasiveness. Here, we compiled global aquatic gammarid (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaroidea) diversity and examined their salinity tolerances and regions of origin to test whether these factors predict invasion success. Across 918 aquatic species within this superfamily, relatively few gammarids ( n = 27, 3%) were reported as aliens, despite extensive invasion opportunities and high numbers of published studies on amphipod invasions. However, reported alien species were disproportionately salt-tolerant (i.e. 32% of brackish-water species), with significantly lower proportions of aliens originating from freshwater and marine environments (both 1%). Alien gammarids also significantly disproportionally originated from the Ponto-Caspian (20% of these taxa) when compared with all ‘other' grouped regions (1%), and principally invaded Eurasian waters, with translocations of salt-tolerant taxa to freshwaters being pervasive. This suggests habitat characteristics, alongside regional contexts, help predict invasibility. In particular, broad environmental tolerances to harsh environments and associated evolutionary history probably promote success of aliens globally.

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Kanišauskas, Saulius. "TOLERANCE BOUNDARIES AND CULTURAL EGALITARIANISM." CREATIVITY STUDIES 3, no. 1 (October 14, 2010): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.07.

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The significance of formal criteria which could help to sort out the problem of tolerance paradox has emerged in the background of cultural egalitarianism. Alas, such criteria have not been established so far. The conviction that the problem of tolerance is significant just in the context of social and political discourse might be questioned due to the fact that this attitude did not help to tackle this problem throughout the last centuries. The paper aims to show that the problem of tolerance can be solved taking into account systemic attitude and synergetic insights. The current study into the literature on tolerance concludes that the formal criterion, which defines the tolerance boundaries in the most general sense, is considered to be such deviations from the standard (as ideal parameters of social system) when tolerance can function normally (stably). Cultural egalitarianism, which requires equalizing the rights of the majority and the minorities facing discrimination, impinges on the ratio of necessary diversity, and thus has to be questioned. Tolerancijos ribos ir kultūrinis egalitarizmas Santrauka Formaliu kriteriju, kurie leistu spresti tolerancijos paradokso problema, svarba išryškejo kulturinio egalitarizmo akivaizdoje. Tokiu kriteriju nera iki šiol. Isitikinimas, kad tolerancijos problema prasminga tik socialinio ir politinio diskurso kontekste, gali buti kvestionuojamas vien todel, kad per kelis šimtmecius ši nuostata problemos išspresti nepadejo. Straipsnyje parodoma, kad tolerancijos problema galima spresti sisteminiu požiuriu ir sociosinergetikos ižvalgomis. Tolerancijai skirtos literaturos analize leidžia daryti išvada, kad bendriausiu atveju tolerancijos ribas nustatanciu formaliu kriterijumi galima laikyti tokius nukrypimus nuo normos (kaip idealiu visuomenines sistemos parametru), kuriems esant ji dar gali normaliai (stabiliai) funkcionuoti. Kulturinis egalitarizmas, reikalaujantis sulyginti daugumos ir diskriminuojamu mažumu teises, pažeidžia butinos ivairoves proporcijas ir todel yra kvestionuotinas.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Probléme of tolerance'

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