Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Problèmes environnementaux'
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Nassica, Catherine. "Aménagement de la zone littorale européenne et ses problèmes environnementaux : pour une nouvelle typologie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040230.
Full textThis work tries to demonstrate, on the time scale, that the littoral is a domain of multiple appropriations by the human societies. It is made up of three stages: the definition of the « coast » entity, the water consideration in the management and the negative human influences. It considers the coast as a lifelike organism and an interface between land and sea worlds. It uses the multistage and geometrical approach to apprehend the morphological heterogeneity, the biological diversity and the spatial dimension. It quantifies and qualifies to characterize the natural phenomenon and the induced events by human beings and to announce the importance of the water, which has to be considered into a respectful management of the coastal environment. It analyzes and synthesizes the data from four selected sites, it brings out the specificities and the environmental problems and looking for a steady state by an enhancement of endogenous dynamics. It describes the diachronic relationship of man with this environment of transition and the awareness subsequent of the scientific community on the future of the coastal areas, face to new climatic conditions. The aim of this thesis is to prove the optimized use of « coast » resource and to valorize its plural potentialities for a sustainable development, where the management is the keystone of a new model, the bio-spatial-temporal (BST) organization. This holistic approach introduces the adaptive politics and the collective consciousness, for an evolutionary management and for a moralization of coast and of 6th continent use
Macaba, Adélaîde Maria. "L’apport des outils géomatiques dans l’analyse de l’extension des aires urbaines de Maputo et de ses problèmes environnementaux." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080080/document.
Full textMaputo, Mozambique's capital is experiencing a population growth and an urban expansion very fast and progressive since 1980 which is mainly based on a strong demographic dynamics shown by the statistics of 1997 and 2007. With economic liberalization, the capital concentrates most of the foreign investments and activities and continues to attract people of all origins and becomes an advantaged polarized center, a polarity associated with its demographic, economic and spatial macrocephaly which causes an environmental pressure on an exceptionally fragile site. The use of geomatics brings out an environmental sensitivity associated with its urban dynamism and numerous hazards. Swamps, mangroves, slopes and flood depressions are on constant pressure. The superposition of these hazards with the urban industry highlights a significant vulnerability of these environments with the probability of occurrence of risks at various degrees. To climate variations that are felt acutely since the beginning of this millennium, the occupation of these areas mainly by urbanization causes the disruption of the ecological balance and increasing the vulnerability of this site. As a result of these changes, observed each year during heavy rains, a trend and diversified evolution of risks on the entire urban territory. The phenomena of soil erosion, floods and more recently the most violent phenomena such as landslides and washouts are frequent in Maputo, and contribute significantly to modify the urban landscape and it is responsible for the collapse of public buildings, urban infrastructures, housing and environmental degradation. Geomatics technologies have allowed us to identify and delineate areas of risks in the city of Maputo. Our research revealed also a situation of great economic and an urban uncertainty in population settled in these areas of risk. The crossing of risk maps and our field survey data show the particular mode of production of these risks. By harvesting opinions or analysis of the behavior of Maputo inhabitants it was a great enrichment in this study and we expect that the result of this work to promote risk awareness in Maputo
Surgido a favor dos interesses económicos do colonizador (Hassane, 2010), a feitoria mercantil decide de instalar-se, em 1825, numa planície baixa à escassa distância da margem do rio Espirito Santo (Mendes, 1979). A partir de 1970, ele inicia o seu desenvolvimento urbano, indo além da sua linha de defesa construída em 1868 e que impedia a entrada de populações autóctones na aglomeração (Mendes, 1979). A Norte, a linha de defesa e sua aglomeração eram separadas do continente por um pântano (Mendes, 1979). Estas descrições assinalam as condições muito particulares do sítio com contornos difíceis e constituído de espaços naturais sensíveis de tamanhos muito diversos. Este mesmo sítio está exposto a fortes pressões causadas por empreendimentos há mais de um século e meio. Alguns espaços adaptaram-se às condições extremas quando outros sofrem e deixam transparecer as sensibilidades quanto às mudanças desses meios. Localizado no litoral, Maputo é um sítio que apresenta uma diversidade de paisagem com fortes sensibilidades e frágil. Zona de interface entre o mar e o continente, o litoral é um espaço fisicamente e naturalmente delimitado, dum lado, por sua topografia e do outro lado, os meios com enfeites de paisagem. Contudo, em todo o mundo, o litoral é um espaço atraente e a superfície dos espaços artificializados é hoje muito notável. Com efeito, assiste-se no fim do século XIX a uma urbanização crescente dos espaços dos quais alguns sofrem uma ocupação e uma dinâmica muito antiga de que Maputo faz parte. Localizado num local estrategicamente escolhido por suas qualidades de navegabilidade, ele constrói um porto numa extensão marítima, numa costa baixa e exígua, que mais tarde vai garantir o desenvolvimento no interior. O porto e sua aglomeração, inicialmente exposto a ameaças frequentes das marés e das ondas chega por fim a dominar os caprichos da natureza construindo barreiras par impedir a propagação marítima pela construção de represas, de aterros… O sítio transformou-se e artificializou-se consideravelmente impulsionando assim um desenvolvimento urbano e progressivo que se vê nos dias. O que nos interessa nesta nova dinâmica urbana é maneira como ela ocorre. O problema é essencialmente ligado ao fluxo massivo de populações para as cidades que se fizeram sentir desde 1975 enquanto dispunha de fraca capacidade de acolhimento. Para se instalar, as populações recorreram a ocupações ilegais dos espaços. Perante essa situação e não dispondo de recursos, a autoridade responsável não se impus a essas instalações como a única resposta ao problema que se sofridos pela cidade de Maputo de par a sua situação geográfica e dos seus factores naturais vulneráveis
Faure, Pierre. "Application des techniques de géochimie organique pétrolière à l'étude de problèmes environnementaux : polluants organiques, inertage et stockage des déchets." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL049N.
Full textChartier, Denis. "Le rôle de Greenpeace et du WWF dans la résolution des problèmes environnementaux : quel espace politique pour quelles ONG ?" Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE1043.
Full textLouis, Natacha. "Vivre une démarche de résolution de problèmes par la pensée design : une étude de cas." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42386.
Full textHeugues, Mélanie. "Une nouvelle mise en perspective des problèmes environnementaux globaux dans le cas du changement climatique : les impacts de la complémentarité stratégique entre pays." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404679.
Full textHeugues, Mélanie Bernadette Raymonde. "Une nouvelle mise en perspective des problèmes environnementaux globaux dans le cas du changement climatique : les impacts de la complémentarité stratégique entre pays." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10039.
Full textAmong global environmental problems, climate change is one of the most serious. According to nearly all scientists, the roots of the problem is related to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere and linked with human activities. The global character of this problem turns it into a big challenge. With international trade liberalization, this analysis emphasizes the consequences of the interdependencies between economic agents, i. E. States, and of their strategic behaviours – when implementing national environmental policy – on natural environment. Starting with a deliberately conventional model and reconsidering the complementary nature of interactions between States, we bring new results in many respects and with regard to the preceding ones. The thesis includes four chapters. The analysis highlights the impacts of the nature of the interdependencies between countries i) on the existence and the properties of equilibrium solutions – first, when no country cooperates and then from a globally optimal point of view –, ii) on the sequence of decisions, i. E. The circumstances under which a leader endogenously emerges when initiating its national environmental policy, iii) on profitability and stability of an international environmental agreement (IEA), iv) on the level of participation to an IEA and on the environmental impact of such a cooperation. Besides, a distinct feature of this research is to rely on the theorems of the supermodular game theory
Gauthier, Benoit. "Développement de compétences de résolution réflexive de problèmes environnementaux auprès d'enseignants en formation du Botswana, apport d'un modèle pédagogique basé sur une recherche-action participative." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0028/NQ51256.pdf.
Full textAchour, Sofia. "Luttes sociales et environnementales à l’épreuve du numérique : une analyse comparative du discours autour de 4 controverses françaises et marocaines." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30068.
Full textThe 21st century gave birth to the information society, which is built on new communication tools that promote online exchanges that are mainly based on the Internet. These exchanges have become increasingly hard to analyse since many users including scientists, experts and laymen could appropriate any claim to defend their interests. Social network users disrupt the decision making process, leading to new forms of controversy. The following paper aims to study disruptive environmental practices and issues by analysing different media discourses. The objective of this research is to focus on public issues, by highlighting changes in communication practices in the digital era by analysing four case studies. These comparisons allowed us to understand the origin of environmental controversies such as strong citizens involvement in public debates, increasing newspapers propaganda, rising global awareness and unethical communication campaigns
Pilon, Patrick M. "Les excès du (néo)libéralisme et ses stratégies de normalisation : le cas des biocarburants." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23072.
Full textDésiré, Guy. "Grande faune sauvage et circulation routière en France : essai d'analyse géographique et problèmes d'aménagement." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT3008.
Full textA for fifteen years, french cars owners ship increase rapidly and large wild mammals population shows also a constant development. These animals needs to move and to live in calm : they are perturbed by growth of motor vehicles traffic and road networks expansion. By a setting of a national survey, more than 11 000 collisions involving large wild mammals have been counted between 1984 and 1986. This investigation allowed to estimate what is at stake of mortality, to know the conditions of collisions advent and to locate the sensitive areas: the measures able to protect at once road users and ungulates are not numerous and some experiments show very variable effectiveness. Recent highways lead a fragmentation of vital fauna territory : they needed construction of passages wich are setting up to allow wild animals migrations. In 1991, it has been taken stock of about 125 crossings but three quarters of them are not used by mammals. If cramped-ness of crossings forbid wild animals’ passage, the evolution of territories close to the motorways or their managment, unfit for animals needs, may explain this assessment. It is possible to burden the territory with servitudes, but the contractual way may be preferred : it supposes an early dialogue that allots each pledge. Geographical scale of interactions between toad network and large wild animals must be wide so that means of additional and localized decisions do not result in notable and cumulative effects
Boisvert, Chantal. "La résolution de problèmes sociaux : comparaison d'un groupe d'enfants à risque environnemental et d'un groupe non à risque." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1991. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5493/1/000586674.pdf.
Full textChistyakova, Maria. "Trois problèmes sur le marché d'un produit vert : évitement fiscal, signal et différenciation verticale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD039/document.
Full textEnvironmental quality having features of a public good is the subject of the thesis. In a theoretical framework, we study a means of environmental regulation of a polluting firm endowed with market power and then determine the optimal decentralized choice of environmental quality. We start with examining how tax avoidance affects the optimal second-best tax on polluting emissions in a monopoly setting. The firm is owned by shareholders who differ in their cost of tax dodging. The optimal tax should correct two negative externalities of avoidance: the firm's free-riding effect and a tax base erosion effect. This free-riding makes the regulator either impotent or unfair, depending on the severity of the environmental damage and the firm's efficiency. Next, we analyze the impact of an environmental tax on the signaling price strategy of a monopoly that communicates to consumers the unobservable information about firm's highenvironmental performance. We use the intuitive and undefeated criteria of equilibrium selection. Asymmetric information places the optimal second-best tax below the level required under complete information. In the case of undefeated equilibria selection, the tax may induce a "migration" from separating equilibrium to pooling making the firm prefer to conceal the private information about environmental quality. Finally, we show that market choice of environmental quality by a firm that internalizes environmental damage from polluting emissions is yet suboptimal
Garcier, Romain. "La pollution industrielle de la Moselle française : naissance, développement et gestion d'un problème environnemental, 1850-2000." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119367.
Full textSarrasin, Bruno. "Élaboration et mise en oeuvre du plan d'action environnemental à Madagascar (1987-2001) : construction et problèmes d'une politique publique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010287.
Full textFéron, Aurélien. "Persistance biochimique et récalcitrance politique. Enquête socio-historique sur les résurgences multiscalaires d’un problème environnemental et sanitaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH135.
Full textMassively synthesized from the 1930s, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) are among the chemicals whose uses have been progressively banned at the global scale for sanitary reasons, after many decades of industrial production and varied usages in industry as well as in commodities into offices and households. They have been described since the end of the 1960s as an omnipresent pollutant in the environment, accumulating in the bodies of living organisms, toxic, "persistent" (which – wherever it is – does not, or almost not, degrade over time), and which can be eliminated only by incineration at a very high temperature. These chemicals have been the subject of numerous political actions since the early 1970s: not only have the production and use of these substances been progressively banned, but regulatory devices and industrial sectors have been developed to carry their elimination out.This thesis examines how damages, problems, hazards and risks have been associated with PCBs and how all these have been managed. In this perspective, the world contamination by these substances appears, over the last five decades, as a recalcitrant problem: the multiplication of technical and political devices that have aimed at managing the (potential) adverse effects of PCBs have not prevent new problems from arising and certain types of problems already tackled in the past from resurfacing.Based on archives, interviews and documents collected online, this thesis first sets some milestones for a transnational history of the qualification and management of health and environmental issues related to PCBs since the beginning of their industrial production in 1929. It then focuses on three "cases" in France, between the mid-1980s and today, during which PCBs, from local problematization, prompted interventions of different actors, including scientists, associations and public authorities. Thus, it sheds light on scientific, technical, industrial, social and political dynamics that, beyond the consensus in scientific community on the biochemical persistence of these compounds, have made the political recalcitrance of the "PCB problem" over decades
Peyret, Vincent. "Problèmes posés par l'augmentation des allergies en Occident : arguments épidémiologiques et analyse critique." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P094.
Full textAllik, Amel. "La construction de la crise environnementale. Thèmes, stratégies et représentations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA038.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the construction of the environmental crisis through the flow of environmental discourses. We define the environmental crisis as a range of physical, social and discursive manifestations that are related to the Environment. They are caused by the separation of Man and nature, a relationship that derives from the Hellenistic concept of phusis. These manifestations oscillate between disruptions and uncertainties on the one hand, and on the other, the research of solutions whose objective is to find a new balance. The environmental crisis is composed of a set of public problems, as well as of numerous issues that have yet to be problematized or publicized in the public sphere. Through the careful study of some of environmental crisis discourses, we were able to examine these public problems and non-publicized issues as a wholeness. We analyzed a corpus of French and international environmental law foundation texts and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports, and reconstructed some of the contents of this crisis. As we had three research objectives, we combined three methods of analysis. The first, a quantitative method, allowed us to define the themes of the environmental crisis. The objective of the second, a qualitative discourse analysis method, was to identify and describe the different strategies used by the different issuers of both institutional texts and CSR reports. Finally, narrative and cultural semiotics facilitated the comprehension of the organization of environmental representations, by reconstructing the underlying narratives behind the environmental crisis discourses
Charrouf, Latifa. "Les problèmes d'ensablement des ports marocains sur la façade atlantique : leur impact sédimentologique sur le littoral." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112205.
Full textThe Moroccan ports of the Atlantic Ocean and notably those existing on the South of Cape Cantin, where the littoral drift from North to South varies from 250. 000 to 800. 000 m³/year, have important accretion problems. The majority of those structures have been studied on mobile bed physical models and were followed by a study of their sedimentary evolutions, done on location. After having summarized natural geological, meteorological, oceanographical and sedimentological phenomena along the shoreline this thesis paper provides comparations between the model predictions and on-site observations and illustrates the different perturbations that coastal structures can make on littoral sediment equilibrum. The examples show particularly the influence of various types of sedimentary evolutions, suchas : - coastal structures implantation depth ; - formation of sand spit and tombolos - sand accumulation around structures - evolution of bars - sediment transport created by the disposition of certain breakwaters. This paper also provides some solutions that will likely reduce the accretion problems faced and the sedimentological impact of coastal structures on the shoreline
Jolicoeur-Giunta, Anne-Sophie. "Facteurs individuels et environnementaux associés à la qualité de l’adaptation au début de l’adolescence des enfants qui présentaient des troubles de comportement sévères en bas âge : effet modérateur du genre." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9505.
Full textVlassopoulou, Chloé Anne. "La lutte contre la pollution atmospérique urbaine en France et en Grèce : définition des problèmes publics et changement de politique." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020022.
Full textKibamba, Jean-Christian. "Les effets des activités de la filière bois sur le milieu naturel : perception des problèmes dans les entreprises lorraines du bois." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21020.
Full textThe industrial transformation generates pollution and nuisances. Like all industries, wood industry generates during its various stages of the manufacturing and of the treatment of wood material, different kinds of polluting agents which spread through the nature in differents states : as a solid (different discards), as liquid (chemical products having the polluting agents) as a gaz (any gaz more or less dangerous. The wood industry is also face the increasing of the contestations from people living not for from its installations and chiefly from public opinion. Norvadays, many rules are required to its various installations; others will be applied on the products deriving from the wood industry, which must respect some ecological criteria exacted by various regulations which tend to control industrial activity and the necessity to protect the environment. To understand very well the risks of pollution generated by the wood industry in the environment, and also to know the attitude of the industrialists facing these problems, an requiry in the industrial middle allows us to knom the state of the industrial plants and the reason of the main problems of environment or the problem capable to be faced in different sectors of the wood industry. The importance of the nuisances depends very often on the size of the enterprises and on theirs production process. What is worth saying is that in Lorraine, the pollution caused by wood industry is weak. This is due by the dispersion of the industrial installations, the slight use of chemical products, the adaptation and the progressive modernization of the industrial tissue. Yes, somme problems still exist. They concern chiefly noise, the using of discards produced by chemical products and the best control of the installation of wood combustion
Aykut, Stefan Cihan. "Comment gouverner un 'nouveau risque mondial' ? : la construction du changement climatique comme problème public à l'échelle globale, européenne, en France et en Allemagne." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757106.
Full textEddie, Marie-Hélène. "Publics, espace public et problème public : une étude de cas de l’enjeu du gaz de schiste au Nouveau-Brunswick de 2010 à 2016." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39948.
Full textTran, Tuan Vu. "Problèmes combinatoires et modèles multi-niveaux pour la conception optimale des machines électriques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425590.
Full textVan, Laere Pauline. "Une approche psychosociale de la protection de l'environnement : perspective temporelle et distance psychologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1227&f=14239.
Full textEnvironnemental issues are one of the most important problem we face today. Understand determinants of pro-environmental behaviours is crucial. After presenting classic variables as personality and attitudinal variables, we suggest two lines of research adapted to our object specificity for which risks are often distant. In the first line, we will argue that the ability of time projection links the behaviour with its future environmental consequences and should promote commitment to environmental protection. After presenting the theoretical framework of temporal perspective, we conduct a review of literature showing that future orientation is linked to more commitment to the environment. Our studies, however, have not found this link. We have shown a negative correlation between direction towards fatalistic present or negative past and pro-environmental behaviours. Importance of other variables has been demonstrated in these experiences such as environmental concerns, connexion to nature and cultural involvement. In the second line, we will defend the opposite position by arguing that it is by bringing perception of environmental risks closer that we promote pro-environmental behaviour. After exposing the theoretical framework of psychological distance and its relation to levels of constructs, we propose two studies, one measuring the perceived distance regarding environmental problems and the other manipulating it. These studies firstly allowed to characterise the perceived distance to different environmental issues, which are perceived relatively close on all dimensions except for social dimension where they are both close and distant. Then, we show that a close distance is associated with more environmental concerns, an assessment as more real and serious of risks and finally more behavioural intentions to act in favour of environment. We will conclude this work by putting our results in perspective and by suggesting applications in terms of communication on environmental problems
Lima-Neto, Fernando Cardoso. "Le sens des ONG au Brésil : justice sociale, philanthropie et écologie." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0032.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the notion of Non Governmental Organization (NGO) in Brazil. The main objective is to identify the social values that gives meaning to this notion by analyzing its variations of meaning throughout history. In the first part of the thesis, l propose a macro sociological approach in order to deal with the formation of the NGO field in Brazil. The connexions betweenchurch, state and society on the promotion of social welfare in Brazil promoted the three major social values that provide meaning to the NGOs' experience : social justice, philanthropy and ecology. In the second part, l propose a micro sociological approach ir order to interpret these values in the light of four individual trajectories. Each trajectory represents a different point of intersection between the various macro historical processes that consolidated the NGO field, as discussedin Part 1. The research results indicate the social value' of social justice, philanthropy and ecology as the main cultural codes that give meaning to the phenomenon of NGOs in Brazil. The first two have a common historical origin, since the organizations of lay catholics were always present in the context of promoting social welfare in Brazil. In turn, the consecration of the value of ecology concerns a different context, dating mainly from the decades of 1990 and 2000
Luneau, Aymeric. "Militants et riverains dans la dynamique des causes environnementales : approche sociologique des syndromes d'hypersensiblilité chimique." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01143362.
Full textOn the 19th of October 2010, an article of Chemical Sensitivity Network reported that a child "with MCS had said: 'I wish I had a cancer because at least my condition would be recognized. '" This quote in itself could summarize this thesis, which concerns the social conditions in which spaces of debate on chemical-related environmental problems can arise. My work relies on a study of three environmental health problems. The first problem is related to the use of perchloroethylene in laundries for dry cleaning. The question which the second problem deals with concerns the health impacts of the pollution around the etang de Berre, an industrial area near Marseilles. The third problem refers to the controversy over the reality of "Multiple Chemical Syndrome", an "environmental disease" which emerged at the beginning of the 1980s. The analysis of these three issues has made it possible to grasp the way in which a collective dynamic has formed from the investigations that the residents, the sick persons, the victims, their close relations, physicians and public authorities have undertaken to understand some singular experiences and to resolve their doubts. Through these investigations, the actors question facts, previously taken for granted; they take part in defining the problem, and they create spaces of debate about the relationship between chemicals and health. I show that conflict drives this process
Barrieu, Pauline. "Produits dérivés météorologiques et environnement." Phd thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00918753.
Full textKleftodimos, Georgios. "Economic valuation of bees’ pollination services in arable crop farms : the role of Public Policy regulations towards the provision of pollination services." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20101.
Full textThe principal objective of the realized study is to evaluate the economic importance of the behavioral interactions which emerge from managed and wild bees, called bees’ complementarity in arable crop farms. A particular emphasis was placed on examining how the economic importance of bees’ complementarity should affect the public policy regulation in order to safeguard the provision of pollination services. The first Chapter of this Ph.D. thesis provides the theoretical framework on which this economic valuation is based. Chapter 2, provides an ecological-economic model displaying farmer’s decisions between two agricultural inputs, pollination services and pesticides, and two sources of pollination with different characteristics; managed bees, which can be replaced at a cost, and wild bees, which rely on a population being sustained within the farmland. Moreover, we take as a given that the services of wild and managed bees are in a complementary relationship. The third Chapter of this thesis, integrates the findings of Chapter 2 in a Mathematical-Programming territorial ecological-economic modeling in order to explore the potential impacts of policy changes on the provision of pollination services and on farmers’ incomes for different rates of farmers’ cooperation. Finally, Chapter 4, evaluates the effectiveness of French policy measures towards the provision of pollination services and it discusses how the results of our analyses may contribute towards the amelioration of the effectiveness of these measures. The major result of our research is twofold. Firstly, the knowledge of bees’ complementarity may offer to farmers an alternative optimum management strategy. Secondly, the inclusion of this knowledge in the implemented policy measures may facilitate farmers’ adoption process towards low-input practices and, consequently, increase their effectiveness towards the sustainability of pollination services for the agricultural and food systems
Bourban, Michel. "La justice climatique. Quels devoirs pour quelles politiques ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040214.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to highlight key philosophical problems raised by climate change and to propose policies that could reduce climate injustices. In the first part, I justify major duties of climate justice by constructing a normative approach focusing on basic human rights threatened by climate change. My philosophical reflections draw on data provided by climate sciences as well as works of literary and cinematographic fiction. In the second part, I explore possible institutional reforms that could realize these duties of global and intergenerational justice. My point is to reject false solutions such as geoengineering and offsetting, but also and mostly to develop just, efficient and feasible policies such as a normative framework to assess the equity of countries’ pledges, a hybrid market mechanism and an increased political role given to civil society. While this work draws on researches made by scientists, writers, economists and international relations scholars, it also critically engages with the theories of the most influent authors in climate justice and climate ethics. The non-ideal approach of climate justice I develop explains that even if the moral and political challenges raised by climate change are unprecedented, it is not too late to prevent the realization of the most harmful scenarios for the global poor and future generations
Lefèvre, Mathias. "Les firmes transnationales et l'institution social-historique du changement climatique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169596.
Full textLhémery, Mélanie. "Intervenir pour résoudre les problèmes environnementaux : essai sur la compréhension et la méthodologie de l'intervention." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1978/1/M9197.pdf.
Full textDaviault, Ariane. "L’environnement sous haute surveillance? : éclairage sur plus de quarante-cinq ans d’action publique au Canada." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20091.
Full textVoyer, Vallérie. "Procrastiner au péril de l'humanité : une perspective psychologique au problème du changement climatique." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14012.
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