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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Problems Established

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Academic literature on the topic 'Problems Established'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Problems Established"

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Xiaolin, Wang. "Several Problems of Established Energy Strategy of China Scientifically." Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 1264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.220.

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Righi, Luisella, Anna Sapino, Caterina Marchiò, Mauro Papotti, and Gianni Bussolati. "Neuroendocrine differentiation in breast cancer: established facts and unresolved problems." Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology 27, no. 1 (2010): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2009.12.003.

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Mitchell, A. K. "Research solutions to problems in the management of established stands." Forest Ecology and Management 49, no. 1-2 (1992): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90165-6.

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Ziemer, S., and E. Langer. "Established anticoagulants in secondary haemostasis." Hämostaseologie 29, no. 03 (2009): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1617032.

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SummaryIn respect to the actual discussion of new anticoagulants in secondary haemostasis, we will give a short review on established oral anti -coagulation with vitamin K antagonists and parenteral anticoagulation by use of heparin. The different cumarin derivatives phenprocoumon, warfarin, and acenocoumarol are compared concerning to the management and influence of pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic factors. Studies to improve the safety of oral anticoagulation by vitamin K supplementation will be briefly discussed. The therapy with heparins include until now some problems of dose-response control. It is necessary to pay attention to contra-indications even for well known anticoagulants. Examples for that will be given.

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Duca, Eugenia, and Dorel I. Duca. "Vector optimization problems and approximated vector optimization problems." Journal of Numerical Analysis and Approximation Theory 39, no. 2 (2010): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/jnaat392-1031.

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In this paper, a so-called approximated vector optimization problem associated to a vector optimization problem is considered. The equivalence between the efficient solutions of the approximated vector optimization problem and efficient solutions of the original optimization problem is established.

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Duca, Eugenia, and Dorel I. Duca. "Optimization problems and second order approximated optimization problems." Journal of Numerical Analysis and Approximation Theory 39, no. 2 (2010): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/jnaat392-1030.

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In this paper, a so-called second order approximated optimization problem associated to an optimization problem is considered. The equivalence between the saddle points of the lagrangian of the second order approximated optimization problem and optimal solutions of the original optimization problem is established.

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Chaplin, John Eric, Annika Wester, and Torbjörn Tomson. "Factors associated with the employment problems of people with established epilepsy." Seizure 7, no. 4 (1998): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-1311(98)80022-8.

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Baltabaeva, I., and B. Seilbekov. "PROBLEMS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF JACKET SECTOR IN AWIL ECONOMY." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 09 (2022): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-09-18.

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The main goal of the agrarian reform, which is being carried out in the agricultural sector, is the development of communication, the formation of mechanisms for the effective use of the land, which will determine the real ownership of the land. In the republic, the development of public transport, the economy of the industry, and the production and mental health of workers are carried out without the supervision of the state. As a result of the promotion of farming activity, more than 160 thousand farms will be established in our country in the next few years, and today 10 thousand farms will provide effective service in Uzbekistan. As a result of the ongoing economic reforms, our country has experienced steady economic growth.

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Propsom, Faye, and Emily Hoover. "Weed Seed Banks in Established Strawberry Fields." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 459f—460. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.459f.

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Weed control in strawberries, either in a new planting or one that is established, is a major source of problems for growers in Minnesota. To control weeds, growers need to know which weeds are a problem, which weeds are deleterious, and which weeds have the potential to become a problem. Weeds present, soil type, and weed seed bank information are needed in order to predict potential weed problems. With different weed control practices applied between and within the rows, we assumed weed seed bank populations would vary. In addition, we were interested in seeing if the seed banks differed between soil types and individual farmer's cultural practices. Soil samples were collected from 13 commercial strawberry fields located around the Twin Cities metro area. In 1996, samples were taken after renovation and before mulch was applied. In 1997, they were taken after mulch was removed and prior to renovation. The soil samples for each date, treatment, and farm were dried, and organic matter was separated from inorganic. The weed seeds were removed from the remaining organic matter, identified and counted. Soil types and cultural practices were used to compare the differences among the farms.

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Rubtsova, A. S., and T. D. Ustinova. "Tax evasion: enforcement problems." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no. 10 (2023): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.98.10.135-142.

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Tax crimes cause enormous harm to the entire budgetary system of the state, the economic security of the Russian Federation is jeopardized. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the obligation to pay taxes and fees established by law. Tax evasion can be considered as a tax, administrative offense or crime, depending on how significant this violation is for society and the state, how great the degree of public danger. The correct identification of the signs of the perpetrator of a tax crime is an important and complex issue in qualifying crimes committed in a group way. The problems of law enforcement practice are primarily related to the definition of characteristic powers, on the presence of which the fulfillment of the objective side of the crime depends entirely. This article analyzes the latest changes related to the change in the procedure for initiating cases of tax crimes and how this may affect the current law enforcement practice.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Problems Established"

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Miller, Brian Keith. "Pastoral leadership problems in small, established churches of under 100 people." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Smit, Maria Magdalena. "Die politieke problematiek en hantering van nie-gevestigde minderhede in België / M.M. Smit." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2599.

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Since the end of the Second World War, several phases of migration to West European states have occurred. These migrants consisted of the so called guest workers who were recruited to fill labour shortages, citizens from former colonies who wanted to settle in the colonial empires as well as asylum seekers and refugees. These migrants generally migrated within the network of a certain ethnic group which led to the formation of ethnic groupings in the West European states (so called new ethnic minorities). These ethnic groupings often live segregated from the host population where they experience a lack of cultural, economical and political integration. This lack of integration of the new ethnic minorities often leads to antagonism, lack of understanding, mistrust and sometimes a racist attitude by the host population towards these groups. The development of a collective policy for the management of new ethnic minorities only became priority in the European Union (EU) by the late 1990s. The current policy for the management of new ethnic minorities consists of guidelines and recommendations to member states on the implementation of a own, unique new ethnic minority policy. Although the current Belgian policy for the management of new ethnic minorities adheres to the guidelines and recommendations of the EU, it still has structural problems and gaps. The purpose of this study was foremost to do a descriptive analysis of the protection of established minorities in Belgium. In contrast to and comparison with this, an in depth analysis of the political problem, management and current situation of new ethnic minorities in Belgian was made in order to identify shortcomings in the current policy for the management of new ethnic minorities. This was done through a literature search as well as an empirical study in the form of semi -structured interviews. The general finding was that the Belgian political system makes adequate provision for the protection of established minorities, but not for the protection of new ethnic minorities. In this regard and in conclusion, specific recommendations were made in order to identify and address the current protective measures of new ethnic minorities in Belgium.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Public Management and Administration))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

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Okafor, Obiora Chinedu. "Re-defining legitimacy : international law, multilateral institutions and the problem of socio-cultural fragmentation within established African states." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/NQ34602.pdf.

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Gosai, Hema. "The nature, extent and functional impact of foot problems in established rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7431.

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M.Sc.(Med.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009<br>Introduction Foot involvement is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Foot pain, instability and deformity affect ambulation and impacts on health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the nature, extent and functional impact of rheumatoid foot problems in established RA. Patients and Methods One hundred RA patients were studied. Functional status was evaluated using the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) and Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ). Foot deformity and footwear suitability was assessed using the Foot Problems Survey (FP Survey) and Footwear Suitability Scale (FWS Scale). Results In this predominantly female group of 95%, with a mean (± SD) disease duration of 12.2 (7.9) and moderate functional disability [mHAQ: 1.3 (0.6)], the FP Survey showed all patients had one or more foot deformity. Foot function was impaired with a mean (± SD) FHSQ score of 41.3 (12.4) and the FWS Scale showed that 93% wore unsuitable footwear. A strong correlation was observed of the global FHSQ (r=-0.5489, p<0.0001), its pain domain (r=-0.472, p<0.0001) and foot function domain (r=-0.599, p<0.0001), with the global mHAQ score. Despite the high frequency of foot problems observed only 27% had visited a podiatrist. Conclusion In conclusion foot problems and foot function disability is common in Black South African patients with established RA. Furthermore the strong correlation between mHAQ and FHSQ showed that foot functional disability was a major driver of overall functional disability in RA.

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Tsou, Ru-Lin, and 曹儒林. "A Study on the Constitutionality and the Legal Problems of Closed CircuitTelevision System Established by Government in Public Place." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81856440015801719372.

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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>法律學系一般生組<br>99<br>Nowadays closed circuit television (CCTV) system has become the best and useful tool to maintain social order and national security in Taiwan. With an eye to making good use of the CCTV system’s function, the government exerts great efforts to boost the establishment of CCTV systems throughout urban and rural area as planned. The utilization of CCTV system has its theoretical foundation on Criminology. According to scholar’s survey, the CCTV system can be divided into three different types, mainly based on the degree of intervention of the basic right, and those are: only surveillance but not recording, surveillance and recording, recording and making use of the data. First of all, this thesis will examine thoroughly the degree of intervening in basic rights, constitutionality and legal problems about CCTV system. Secondly this thesis will also examine legal authorization of the establishment of CCTV system (the Article 10 of Police Duties Enforcement Act and local laws as well). In the end, the thesis features the draft of ”Closed Circuit Television System Management Bill” as a suggestion. This thesis comprises six chapters and major contents are as follows: 1. Chapter one is the general introduction which explains the motive, purpose, research methods and construction of this thesis. 2. Chapter two will introduce CCTV system, the way of recording and the recording data. This chapter will also introduce the merits and shortcoming of CCTV system as well as theoretical foundation on Criminology. Besides, this chapter will introduce the circumstances of establishing CCTV system in Taiwan and worldwide to date. 3. Chapter three is to discuss the constitutionality of CCTV system and the problems concerning the intervention of basic right. 4. Chapter four is to discuss the legal problems of CCTV system and how to comply with diverse legal principles. 5. Chapter five is to analyze the related problems concering the Article 10 of Police Duties Enforcement Act. Furthermore, this chapter will discuss the impact from the enforcement of Personal Information Protection Act. At the end, this chapter will discuss the management of CCTV system. 6. Chapter six starts from proposing ideal legislation, and presents the draft of “Closed Circuit Television System Management Bill” as legal suggestion to solve the problems of CCTV system discussed in this thesis.

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Upton, Janine-Lee. "Integrating spatial, temporal, referral problem and demographic approaches to establish systematic baseline data to inform future evaluations at the Pietermaritzburg Child and Family Centre." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10651.

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This exploratory retrospective record review extending from 1975 – 2013 of the Pietermaritzburg Child and Family Centre (hereafter referred to as the “CFC”) aimed to create a database to electronically capture CFC records to generate descriptive statistics, and the create CFC user profiles utilising multiple data analysis methodologies in order to create baseline data to inform future program evaluations. To date, no formal program evaluation has been conducted by the CFC, resulting in programs being launched without the backing of systematic and empirical data used to inform decisions. Data driven decision making is imperative when deciding on resource allocation to ensure maximum derived benefits. The study sample totalled 1974 records from the past three decades since CFC inception in 1975. These records were captured electronically in a Microsoft Access database. SPSS and ArcGIS were used to analyse the data to create service user profiles, and gather baseline data to inform future Needs Assessments and Program Evaluations. The study found temporal changes in CFC user demographics, referral problems, socio-economic standing, and referral schools since inception in 1975. The study explored, using geographic information software, client distribution of demographics, residence, referral problem, and CFC service reach, and found that there are significant geographical variations in each of these constructs. The geographic variations, together with the statistical findings highlight the importance of establishing Monitoring and Evaluation systems in order to stay relevant to the needs of CFC users. Further, findings suggest a tailored approach to CFC program development and focus, depending on future CFC priorities.<br>Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

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Chang, Fu-chu, and 張福助. "Establish the flexible supply and service information platform to solve the problems of the supply chain – A case study in the small and medium-sized display industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28723970037118044853.

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碩士<br>東海大學<br>管理碩士在職專班<br>100<br>The main purpose of this paper is to explore that the small and medium-sized display industry enterprises in Taiwan, how a case x company increases their added value in the valued chain, how to prevent the bullwhip effect in the global supply chain as well as the big range of flexibility, innovation and integration while facing the global competition. In the market competition, the previous standard product is transferred into the customized products with different change because the small and medium-sized displays are launched promptly with a shorter cycle for product sales. Therefore, the display makers are required to meet a fast delivery period, be more flexible, and lower costs in order to create added value for their corporation. The different industries must re-consider their organizational structure and value chain for such changes. They should think about how to solve the rapid changes in the supply chain, how to efficiently adjust innovate and constantly integrate into the organization of multiple factories. These will be the key factors for the sustainable development of these organizations. This study is from the point of view of the value chain and supply chain. It will adopt a case-by-case analysis method in which 3C theory will be applied as well as the information platform for e-commerce B2B.With concern to the monitor plants based on OEM / ODM industry, they are facing with problems and dilemmas such as the integration of multiple factories organization, unstable market demand, short delivery time for material, and the shortage key materials being shortage after developing new technology......etc. Therefore, the aforementioned problems will be studied in order to propose effective solutions by means of the operating environment highlighted by 3C theory, how to use an advanced information technology to build a real-time information platform for response to the market demand in order to help the enterprises in solving the problem of resource management and reconstructing the global supply chain management system. From the analysis in this study and the innovation of value chain, it will be helpful for the case x company in keeping costs down at its internal operation and to be enhanced flexibility in dealing with sudden changes. As to external customers and suppliers, this study is able to increase customers’ value and service capabilities on flexible supply , integrating the resources of the supply chain, creating business opportunities with the customers, establishing a rapid response for service , arranging for scheduling capability, and to be a international major customer in the global supply chain with the best response capability and competitiveness.

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Books on the topic "Problems Established"

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Elias, Norbert. The established and the outsiders: A sociological enquiry into community problems. 2nd ed. Sage Publications, 1994.

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Ostapyuk, Sergey, and Lyudmila Kupriyanova. Quality management of scientific and pedagogical activities in higher education: problems and solutions. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2155925.

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The monograph reveals the problems of improving the efficiency and quality of management of scientific and scientific-technical activities in higher education, the possibility of improving the skills of scientific and pedagogical personnel in modern conditions of economic development and evaluating the effectiveness of the introduction of the university-firm business relations system as promising solutions to financial problems of the university that can change the established idea of the forms of attracting investment in development the professional competence of higher school teachers today and in the future. It is intended for the scientific and pedagogical community of the higher education system.

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Shumakov, Sergey. The criminal legal significance of compensation for damage caused by a crime: theoretical and practical aspects. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. https://doi.org/10.12737/2134241.

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The monograph outlines the theoretical foundations of the institution of compensation for damage caused by a crime, clarifies the concept, signs and types of damage caused by crimes, establishes constitutional and international legal prerequisites for ensuring compensation for damage caused by a crime. The influence of compensation for damage caused by a crime on the recognition of the committed act as insignificant, on the statement of voluntary renunciation of the crime is revealed; patterns of influence of the fact of compensation for damage on the release of a person from criminal liability are established; The problems of the influence of compensation for damages on the imposition of punishment and release from it are considered. The paper identifies miscalculations in the regulatory regulation of these issues, analyzes the latest trend to expand the range of norms providing for compensation for damage in a special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and makes recommendations to solve the problem of systematization of damage compensation orders. The monograph is addressed to students, postgraduates, teachers, researchers of law schools and scientific institutions, and anyone who is interested in issues of criminal law compensation for damage caused by a crime.

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Gordopolov, Andrey, and Yuliya Golovastova. A malicious violator of the regime of serving a sentence of imprisonment and his responsibility in the penal enforcement legislation. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2021346.

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The monograph examines the problems of the legal status of a malicious violator of the regime of serving a sentence of imprisonment, as well as determining the mechanisms and limits of bringing these persons to responsibility established by the penal enforcement legislation, as a result of which ways of solving them are proposed. In particular, a retrospective analysis of the norms of domestic legislation defining malicious violators of the regime of serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment is carried out; the author's concept, characteristics of malicious violators of the regime, as well as their classification are given; the composition of malicious violation of the regime of freedom as the basis for bringing to justice a convicted person to imprisonment is examined; the system of penalties applied to to a malicious violator of the regime, as well as the procedure for their appointment and execution; the legal consequences of recognizing a convicted person to imprisonment as a malicious violator of the regime of serving a sentence are established; ways to improve the penal enforcement legislation and law enforcement practice in relation to malicious violators of the regime of serving a sentence are determined. It may be of interest to students, cadets, trainees, graduate students, teachers, law enforcement practitioners, as well as to a wide range of readers interested in the problems of penal enforcement law.

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Kalmykova, Anastasiya. Technical regulation in the mechanism of public administration. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860842.

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The scientific and practical manual is devoted to the analysis of technical regulation in the mechanism of public administration in the Russian Federation. The concept and essence of technical regulation, its place in the system of state management, the object and subjects of technical regulation, types and methods of ensuring compliance of products with mandatory requirements established in the field of technical regulation, novelties of state control (supervision) over compliance with the requirements of technical regulations, as well as the problems of bringing business entities to administrative and criminal responsibility are revealed for violating the relevant requirements. For civil servants, practicing lawyers, students, postgraduates, researchers, as well as anyone interested in technical regulation issues.

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Kalmykov, Sergey, and Nikolay Pashin. Social advertising: designing effective interaction with the target audience. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23289.

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The monograph analyzes the possibility of managing the process of socio-advertising influence on socio-demographic groups. The developed methodological bases with the use of the multivariate paradigmatic status of sociological knowledge allowed us to form: principles of designing social advertising interaction, factors of efficiency (quality) of social advertising, a system of sociological quality assurance of social advertising. Insufficiently studied problems of efficiency and quality of social advertising are investigated. The coefficients of the importance of its efficiency factors (quality) are established. Stable interrelations of social advertising influence at the level of revealed correlation coefficients of behavioral reactions of various categories of target audience with their characteristics are proved. The results obtained are summarized in the developed model of behavior of the target audience on the basis of social advertising interaction, and the content modules of the mechanism of controllability of the specified process are proposed.

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Andrianovskaya, Irina. Working hours under Russian labor law (duration, distribution, accounting). INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2170828.

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The monograph is devoted to topical issues of regulation of working hours in Russia. The theoretical provisions of the legal regulation of working hours are considered; the analysis of the main groups of norms through which the establishment, distribution and accounting of working hours is carried out; the established practice of their application is given. The issues proposed for consideration are highlighted in the comparative aspect of the norms of the previously existing Labor Codes and the modern Labor Code of the Russian Federation. It shows both continuity and novelty in the regulation of relations related to the establishment, distribution and accounting of working hours of employees engaged in work on the basis of an employment contract. The identified problems and the proposed solutions are aimed at the prospects for the development of the norms of Russian labor law. It is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students, law students, practitioners and anyone interested in labor law issues.

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Norbert, Elias. Established and the Outsiders: A Sociological Enquiry into Community Problems. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, 1994.

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Scotson, John L., and Elias Norbert. The Established and the Outsiders: A Sociological Enquiry into Community Problems. 1994.

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Ranson, Michelle B., David S. Nichols, Steven V. Rouse, and Jennifer L. Harrington. Changing or Replacing an Established Psychological Assessment Standard: Issues, Goals, and Problems with Special Reference to Recent Developments in the MMPI-2. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195366877.013.0007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Problems Established"

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Winter, Stephen. "The Problems of Authorized Wrongdoing." In Transitional Justice in Established Democracies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316196_5.

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Gopinathan, Lakshmi, Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram, and Philipp Kaldis. "Established and Novel Cdk/Cyclin Complexes Regulating the Cell Cycle and Development." In Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19065-0_16.

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Gambke, G. "The Special Role and Problems of a Foundation Established by the State." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 30 - The Future of Philanthropic Foundations. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720127.ch5.

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Echenim, Mnacho, Radu Iosif, and Nicolas Peltier. "Unifying Decidable Entailments in Separation Logic with Inductive Definitions." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_11.

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AbstractThe entailment problem $$\upvarphi \models \uppsi $$ φ ⊧ ψ in Separation Logic [12, 15], between separated conjunctions of equational ($$x \approx y$$ x ≈ y and $$x \not \approx y$$ x ≉ y ), spatial ($$x \mapsto (y_1,\ldots ,y_\upkappa )$$ x ↦ ( y 1 , … , y κ ) ) and predicate ($$p(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)$$ p ( x 1 , … , x n ) ) atoms, interpreted by a finite set of inductive rules, is undecidable in general. Certain restrictions on the set of inductive definitions lead to decidable classes of entailment problems. Currently, there are two such decidable classes, based on two restrictions, called establishment [10, 13, 14] and restrictedness [8], respectively. Both classes are shown to be in $$\mathsf {2\text {EXPTIME}}$$ 2 EXPTIME by the independent proofs from [14] and [8], respectively, and a many-one reduction of established to restricted entailment problems has been given [8]. In this paper, we strictly generalize the restricted class, by distinguishing the conditions that apply only to the left- ($$\upvarphi $$ φ ) and the right- ($$\uppsi $$ ψ ) hand side of entailments, respectively. We provide a many-one reduction of this generalized class, called safe, to the established class. Together with the reduction of established to restricted entailment problems, this new reduction closes the loop and shows that the three classes of entailment problems (respectively established, restricted and safe) form a single, unified, $$\mathsf {2\text {EXPTIME}}$$ 2 EXPTIME -complete class.

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Neele, Thomas, Tim A. C. Willemse, and Wieger Wesselink. "Partial-Order Reduction for Parity Games with an Application on Parameterised Boolean Equation Systems." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45237-7_19.

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Abstract Partial-order reduction (POR) is a well-established technique to combat the problem of state-space explosion. We propose POR techniques that are sound for parity games, a well-established formalism for solving a variety of decision problems. As a consequence, we obtain the first POR method that is sound for model checking for the full modal $$\mu $$-calculus. Our technique is applied to, and implemented for the fixed point logic called parameterised Boolean equation systems, which provides a high-level representation of parity games. Experiments indicate that substantial reductions can be achieved.

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Seifert, Christian, Sascha Trostorff, and Marcus Waurick. "Initial Value Problems and Extrapolation Spaces." In Evolutionary Equations. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89397-2_9.

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AbstractUp until now we have dealt with evolutionary equations of the form $$\displaystyle \big (\overline {\partial _{t,\nu }M(\partial _{t,\nu })+A}\big )U=F $$ ( ∂ t , ν M ( ∂ t , ν ) + A ¯ ) U = F for some given $$F\in L_{2,\nu }(\mathbb {R};H)$$ F ∈ L 2 , ν ( ℝ ; H ) for some Hilbert space H, a skew-selfadjoint operator A in H and a material law M defined on a suitable half-plane satisfying an appropriate positive definiteness condition with $$\nu \in \mathbb {R}$$ ν ∈ ℝ chosen suitably large. Under these conditions, we established that the solution operator, "Equation missing", is eventually independent of ν and causal; that is, if F = 0 on $$\left (-\infty ,a\right ]$$ − ∞ , a for some $$a\in \mathbb {R}$$ a ∈ ℝ , then so too is U.

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De Simone, Michela, Anna Di Cosmo, Ornella Nonnis, et al. "Analysis of the amphipod syntaxon on hard bottoms anti-trawling structures." In Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques. Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.16.

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This work is part of an environmental monitoring project conducted by Ispra since 2008, with the installation of two marine cables between the Lazio coast and Sardinia. Following the deployment of anti-trawl tripods, since 2017, a new Ispra monitoring plan was established to assess the integrity of the marine environment. The anti-trawl tripods have been periodically analyzed to examine various aspects of the marine area where they have been installed, including any changes in faunal and algal biodiversity resulting from the introduction of artificial structures. This study involves observing recruitment on the anti-trawl barriers to assess the colonization of artificial substrates introduced into the marine environment.

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Zwingel, Maximilian, Christopher May, Sebastian Reitelshöfer, and Wolfgang Mauerer. "Optimization Problems in Production and Planning: Approaches and Limitations in View of Possible Quantum Superiority." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74010-7_23.

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Abstract Modern production and process planning is characterized by complex and diffuse interrelationships of parameters, properties and control values. New materials, innovative production technologies, differing degrees of automatability and application dependency form a multidimensional problem space for optimization, which cannot be efficiently solved by today’s technologies. Approximations in form of genetic algorithms, different heuristics and simplifications exist, but lack applicability due to high runtime and estimation errors. Quantum computers, quantum annealers and hybrid algorithms show potential to offer added value and better performance over established approaches for optimization, planning and production control, but are often incomprehensible for production engineers. Based on an analysis of industrial problems in different domains and a definition of relevant problem cases, the potential of quantum systems for optimization in production and planning is explored. An approach to close the gap between classical and quantum optimization from an engineering standpoint is made by describing the transformation process for a real-world problem and discussing performance indicators of model implementations.

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Suardi, Mohd Norfadli, and Jumat Sulaiman. "Solution of the Established Redlich–Kister Finite Difference for Two-Point Boundary Value Problems Using 4EGMKSOR Method." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8515-6_23.

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Abu-Khzam, Faisal N., Sebastian Lamm, Matthias Mnich, Alexander Noe, Christian Schulz, and Darren Strash. "Recent Advances in Practical Data Reduction." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21534-6_6.

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AbstractOver the last two decades, significant advances have been made in the design and analysis of fixed-parameter algorithms for a wide variety of graph-theoretic problems. This has resulted in an algorithmic toolbox that is by now well-established. However, these theoretical algorithmic ideas have received very little attention from the practical perspective. We survey recent trends in data reduction engineering results for selected problems. Moreover, we describe concrete techniques that may be useful for future implementations in the area and give open problems and research questions.

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Conference papers on the topic "Problems Established"

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Nalysko, Mykola, Anna Makhinko, Artem Sopilniak, and Yurii Cheberiachko. "Justification of the Dynamics of Extra-Project Loads on Building Structures." In International Scientific Applied Conference "Problems of Emergency Situations". Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-fvtee9.

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The paper analyzes the forms of impact of non-design loads from shock air waves on building structures. The problem of forecasting the dynamics of the explosive load on a building structure (for example, the covering of a buried structure) is solved by the simultaneous solution of the equation of the spatial distribution of excess pressure in the front of a shock air wave and the dependence of the time of its action on the speed of its front. Since the speed of the shock air wave is constantly changing, the equation of the time of the wave action has a differential form, and its solution is established on the assumption that the simultaneous action of the wave on the surface of the building structure occurs on an area that is limited by the width of the shock wave front. On the basis of this, a grapho-analytic technique for determining the spatio-temporal dependence of the change in excess pressure in the plane of the building structure at the time of impact of the shock wave was developed. This dependence is established in the form of a table or graph, which is a loading curve.

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Saribatur, Zeynep G., Matthias Knorr, Ricardo Gonçalves, and João Leite. "On Abstracting over the Irrelevant in Answer Set Programming." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/61.

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Generalization is an important ability that allows humans to tackle complex problems by identifying common problem structures and omitting irrelevant details. Whereas such ability comes naturally to humans, it has proved challenging to establish within AI systems. Although different research communities have tackled this challenge, their focus has usually been set on developing efficient algorithms for concrete problems, and a general theoretical understanding of the generalization ability is still lacking. In the context of Answer Set Programming (ASP), a well-established knowledge representation and reasoning paradigm for solving highly combinatorial search problems, research on generalization has primarily focused on forgetting and projection, two related operations that aim at the omission of irrelevant details, while abstraction, an operation that aims at providing a higher-level view on the common solution and problem structures, has largely been overlooked. In this paper, we develop the theoretical foundation for generalized reasoning through abstraction in ASP, focusing on the notion of abstraction through vocabulary clustering. We formally characterize when abstraction is possible, semantically define the desired result, investigate syntactic operators to obtain such abstractions, and study the computational complexity of this problem.

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Prokopuk, A. I., K. V. Yurchankova, E. M. Shpadaruk, and R. M. Smolyakova. "ASSESSMENT OF HORMONAL STATUS WITH AN ESTABLISHED MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER OF DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-93-96.

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In the course of the study, it was found that the luminal A subtype in patients with breast cancer is associated in 100% of cases with increased blood levels of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin. In the postmenopausal period, the luminal B (Her-2-positive) subtype is associated with a 100% increase in the concentration of the hormones estradiol and progesterone. In patients with preserved ovarian-menstrual function, luminal B (Her-2-positive) subtype in 37.5% of cases is associated with increased estradiol content. Luminal B (Her-2-negative) subtype is associated with increased blood levels of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin in 100% of patients. The Her-2 / neu-positive subtype is associated with decreased serum estradiol levels in 33% of patients and decreased progesterone levels in 83% of patients. In patients with a triple-negative subtype, an increased content of estradiol and progesterone in the blood was diagnosed in 100% of patients.

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Bulygina, Natalya. "ERRORS, ALLOWED IN THE PREPARATION OF FOREIGN TRADING CONTRACTS BY RUSSIAN PARTICIPANTS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, AND ALSO AS A RESULT OF NON-IMPLEMENTATION OR EXECUTIONS OF THE CONTRACT." In Current problems of jurisprudence. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/033-042.

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The article considers the mistakes made by Russian participants in foreign economic activity, as well as the consequences of non-performance or improper performance of the contract. Remedies of the Convention as they are established by their agreed, effective system of measures.

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Sorokin, P. A., S. V. Engashev, and M. N. Goncharova. "EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DRUG SALMOGIR IN MONOGENEREOSIS AND ITS SAFETY FOR FISH." In Development and Modern Problems of Aquaculture. ДГТУ-Принт, 2024. https://doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2024.21-24.

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Studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of Salmogir in the form of therapeutic baths for monogeneosis of trout and carp. Based on clinical studies, optimal doses and exposures of the drug were established: for gyrodactylosis of trout and carp – 0.1 ml / l for 30-60 minutes; for dactylogyrosis of carp – 0.2 ml / l for 24 hours. A dependence of the drug's effectiveness in dactylogyrosis on water temperature was revealed. Salmogir's safety for trout and carp was established during and after its use in therapeutic and increased doses and exposures.

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Kipriyanov, Vladislav, and Elnur Baharov. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF “KNOW-HOW” IN certain FOREIGN COUNTRIES." In Current problems of jurisprudence. Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02058-6/174-181.

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The article considers approaches to understanding “know-how” in certain foreign countries. The provisions of international documents regulating production secrets are described. The author describes several theories of understanding trade secrets, considers some features of the protection of production secrets in the United States, France, and Switzerland. It is concluded that the legal protection of “know-how” in the EU countries is very effective, and the legislation of these countries regulating this issue is quite developed. The legal norms meet all the criteria established by the World Intellectual Property Organization.

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Safonov, Aleksandr, and Vitaliy Shkaberin. "FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING BUOYANCY AND STRENGTH OF A BLOCK PONTON FOR VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL TANKS." In PROBLEMS OF APPLIED MECHANICS. Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fd1ed03bb3ed8.85303038.

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The paper considers a technique for analyzing the strength and buoyancy of block pontoons for vertical cylindrical tanks used for storing liquid oil products. A model is proposed for performing calculations by the finite element method of a pontoon for buoyancy and strength, taking into account the action of pushing forces. The results of calculations on strength and buoyancy of an aluminum pontoon with foam-urethane filling BPA5000 are presented. It has been established that BPA5000 pontoons have sufficient strength and buoyancy, as regulated by GOST 31385-2016.

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Kopchenkov, Vyacheslav. "DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTICLE TRIBOCONTACT AND THE ELASTOMER SURFACE UNDER SHOCK." In PROBLEMS OF APPLIED MECHANICS. Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fd1ed03d9e8d6.23788146.

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In the course of the studies carried out, it was theoretically proved and experimentally confirmed that the elastic-hysteresis properties of elastomers determine the trajectory of particle motion upon impact on their surface, the magnitude of the velocity loss and the angle of rebound. The presence of three zones of angles of attack has been experimentally established, up to approximately 300, from 300 to 600 and over 600. Depending on the elastic-hysteresis properties of elastomers, the effect of these properties on the value of the rebound angle and the loss of speed is inverted

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Subbotin, E., S. Ershov, and A. Scherbinin. "ESTIMATION OF THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF A PROPYLENE BLOCKOPOLYMER WITH ETHYLENE BY DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS." In PROBLEMS OF APPLIED MECHANICS. Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fd1ed045438c9.14974714.

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The article is devoted to the evaluation of frost resistance of a propylene-ethylene block copolymer used as an insulating material for cable products. The standard method for testing the frost resistance of a polymer material is a drop weight impact test on insulated core samples at low temperatures. To check this parameter at the stage of incoming polymer control, it is proposed to use the method of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). As a result of experimental studies by the DMA method, a criterion for evaluating the frost resistance of a block copolymer of propylene with ethylene was established

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Shumilina, Vera, and Denis Lagutin. "Information technology and the mediatisation of society." In Economy of Russia: problems, trends, forecasts. AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/conferencearticle_61cc296c2f4e38.40497971.

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This article examines the essence of the concept of mediatisation, which acts as the main theoretical basis for the analysis. It considers the social "transparency" that demonstrates and measures human social being through information technology. It analyses the representation of the established private and public

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Reports on the topic "Problems Established"

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MYLNIKOVA, L. INVESTMENT POLICY OF THE REGIONS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2021-10-5-2-152-156.

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The article deals with the problems associated with the formation and implementation of the regional investment policy, which is the main element of economic policy. It is established that the purposeful influence of the authorities and management of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the aspect of their areas of responsibility on the investment process will contribute to digitalization and the transition of regions to an innovative path of development, which is a driver of economic growth.

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Kneafsey, Rosie, Sally Pezaro, Ksenija Maravic de Silva, et al. Psycholgical Therapies for Severe Mantal Health Problems. Training Delivery Evaluation. Coventry University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/ptsmh/2023/001.

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In Autumn 2021, Health Education England established a commissioned evaluation of the national provision of training for psychological therapies for severe mental health problems, known as the PTSMHP National Curriculum Delivery. A research team from Coventry University were commissioned to undertake this work, which has been undertaken with Coventry University research ethics approval (ref: P131322). This report sets out the methods, activities, findings and recommendations as requested by commissioners.

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Algotson, Albin. Entrepreneurial Logic in Public Administration: A Bull in a China Shop or a Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? Linköping University Electronic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180757157.

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As more and more policy problems are framed and understood as wicked, complex, and unmanageable, public administrators are supposed to act like entrepreneurs in search of creative ways to solve or handle a public problem. As a result, an entrepreneurial logic seems to be established in government administration. This paper aims to describe – but first and foremost to encourage a critical discussion about – the consequences of entrepreneurial logic. The concluding arguments are twofold. First, the entrepreneurial logic could be seen as a “bull in a china shop”, turning established orders upside down. Although the entrepreneurial logic is institutionalized in specific policy areas, it represents a fundamental break with local governments’ still dominant, bureaucratic-rational logic. Second, the entrepreneurial logic is like “a wolf in sheep’s clothing”. The entrepreneurial logic appears attractive to legitimacy-seeking organizations, being associated with creativity, development, and growth. However, it risks undermining fundamental bureaucratic values, as well as the institutional pillars of representative democracy.

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Groom, Simon, and Edna Armendáriz. Managing megaprojects: conceptual framework and international experience. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003887.

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The discussion paper analyzes international experience in megaproject management, identifying problems and delivery performance. The most important distortions are optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation. it explores the approaches of Norway and the United Kingdom. Both countries have strengthened the robustness of planning and appraisal for megaprojects and have established specific methods and institutional arrangements for these projects to strengthen governance and transparency. Finally, some lessons are put forward that could help other countries, especially in Latin America, when embarking on megaprojects.

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Kokurina, Olga Yu. SOCIETAL-METABOLIC SYSTEM OF THE STATE: EXPERIENCE OF SYNTHETIC RESEARCH. THE ELECTRONIC MANUAL. SIB-Expertise, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0756.18122023.

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This electronic manual presents a number of theoretical and methodological tools based on the key concept: “societal (social) metabolism.” In summary, the synthetic concept of societal metabolism goes beyond the perspective of traditional social sciences by contextualizing the biophysical dimension of metabolic exchange between society and nature. Distancing from reductionist approaches, the interdisciplinary concept of societal metabolism recognizes the importance of mutual connections and interactions of factors of material and social exchange, within the framework of established individual and group social practices in the life of society. The electronic manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and to anyone interested in the theory and practice of applying interdisciplinary approaches to social science problems.

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Fuentes, Nelson, Gonzalo Aguilar, and Camila Trillos. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Formal Labor Market and the Pension System in El Salvador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004523.

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Using an impact evaluation methodology for interrupted time-series and the IDB Pension Projection Model, this study estimates that the COVID-19 pandemic could have notably effects on the private pension system in El Salvador as a consequence of the relaxation of requirements to repay early withdrawals that was established in the context of the pandemic. This fact could negatively affect passive coverage rate, system incomes, short-run system surplus and replacement rates, generating an increase in the fiscal cost. The problems of the Salvadoran pension system are structural, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated them. Consequently, although it is possible to discuss policies to reduce these effects, it is necessary to frame this discussion in the context of a comprehensive reform of the system.

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BESTAEVA, E., and U. TEDEEVA. SOME ASPECTS OF THE WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-3-2-14-24.

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The purpose of the work is to determine the specifics of the worldview foundations of bioethics, their structure, nature and essence of man in the context of the “new experience” in the field of biotechnology. Research methods - philosophical and general logical.”New experience” in the field of biotechnology, as a stimulating discussion of anthropological, axiological and social problems, must be guided by the strategy of personal preservation and the methodology of human integrity and have value-worldview attitudes as real prerequisites. In the new ethics, the fundamental principles of two historically established systems - individualism and conciliarism (collectivism) are considered in the form of complement, not contradictory. We are only talking about their ratio and the degree of demand. At the same time, the state and society, and not “personal law”, are of decisive importance.

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Nosenko, Yuliya H., Maiia V. Popel, and Mariya P. Shyshkina. The state of the art and perspectives of using adaptive cloud-based learning systems in higher education pedagogical institutions (the scope of Ukraine). [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3246.

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The article deals with the problems of using adaptive cloud-based learning systems (ACLS) in the modern high-tech educational environment and expanding access to them as tools of educational and research activity at higher education pedagogical institutions in Ukraine. The conceptual apparatus of cloud-based adaptive learning systems application and design is considered; their main characteristics are revealed; the ways of their pedagogical application are described. The experience of Institute of Information Technologies and Learning Tools of NAES of Ukraine on designing and applying of the cloud-based learning and research environment is outlined. The results of the survey of 31 higher education pedagogical institutions on using ACLS are presented. It is established that in the near future ACLS will become the driving force behind the development of new pedagogy, new strategies for personalizing education, and expanding opportunities for active learning.

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Kauppinen, Timo, Markku Hienonen, and Filip Fedorik. The co-operation between the University and the Industry association in the application of building physics results to practice. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541651956.

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Indoor air questions in Finland have been constantly featured in the media. There are indoor quality deficiencies, not only in existing as well as in new buildings. The problems of indoor conditions can be divided into those caused by design, implementation and use. At the civil engineering department, University of Oulu, you can now specialize in building health. This is a new orientation option, which can be studied at the University of Oulu only. Arctic Construction Cluster Finland was established to restart the once-abolished civil engineering department. The cluster represents all branches of construction, and supports the civil Engineering department. The team for healthy buildings at the Arctic Cluster cooperates with the university's good indoor air and building health team. This is a position paper, where we introduce the operational priorities of the building cluster and the healthy buildings team, cooperation with the indoor air and building health group at Oulu University and the trends which will affect and change the building branch. There are still shortcomings in solutions to indoor conditions problems, which are caused by several factors. Education and training must be developed. Knowledge in hygrothermal performance of buildings is essential to improve it into interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach. Civil engineers must recognize factors that affect building health. Health care staff then investigate the consequences. Different actors should be brought together better than at present.

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Toch, Eran. Smart City Technologies in Israel: A Review of Cutting-Edge Technologies and Innovation Hubs. Inter-American Development Bank, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007986.

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This discussion paper was developed by the Inter-American Development Bank’s (IDB) Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Division in collaboration with the Knowledge, Innovation and Communication Department (KIC). It was financed through the Cutting-Edge Knowledge Fund. Smart cities reveal the potential of innovative technologies to tackle tough and longstanding problems in cities and dramatically improve the way municipalities operate. Cities in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have a pressing need for solutions that can challenge existing problems while providing a solid return on investment. In recent years, Israel has developed a unique ecosystem approach toward its smart city technology, with a unique focus on collaboration between research institutes, local governments, and private entrepreneurs. This paper explains how the ecosystem developed and how it can benefit cities and residents. The paper starts by providing background information on the various drivers behind smart city innovation in Israel, including the information industry and government agencies. It then focuses on technologies developed in Israel, providing descriptions and a comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge solutions for smart cities developed by an ecosystem of companies, universities, governments, and startups. Later on, provides an overview of the research and development centers in Israel and the dynamics that fuel creative centers, focusing on the startup ecosystem, academic centers, and established IT companies.

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