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Journal articles on the topic 'Problems of archaeological invisibility'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Greenleaf, Allan, Yaroslav Kurylev, Matti Lassas, and Gunther Uhlmann. "Invisibility and inverse problems." Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 46, no. 1 (October 14, 2008): 55–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0273-0979-08-01232-9.

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2

Greenleaf, A., Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas, and G. Uhlmann. "Inverse problems, invisibility, and artificial wormholes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 124 (July 1, 2008): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/124/1/012005.

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3

Menon, Jaya. "Archaeological Problems with Specialization." Studies in History 24, no. 1 (February 2008): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/025764300702400105.

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4

Silver, M., M. Törmä, K. Silver, M. Nuñez, and J. Okkonen. "CHALLENGING THE INVISIBILITY OF MOBILE CULTURES REMOTE SENSING, ENVIRONMENT AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE NEAR EAST." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 5, 2019): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-1065-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Remote sensing has provided a modern wider perspective to approach the earth with its various environments and impact of humans by prospecting previously unknown frontiers of human life. The traces of mobile groups are archaeologically often more difficult to detect than those of the sedentary ones, but new approaches and methods have changed and enhanced the ways to extract archaeological information of hunter-gatherers and pastoral nomads. Remote sensing, for example, provides alternative views from above and better visibility in a larger scale, especially with high resolution solutions, than on the ground to trace sites. Mobile people have become more visible in archaeology, and therefore their importance in the development of human cultures has received more focus and understanding. This paper will focus on the use of remote sensing in the archaeological study of mobile cultures and their environments in the Near East. Various examples of techniques and site types will be discussed, and the suitability of applications will be considered based on the studies by Finnish and Finnish-Swedish projects in the Near East. We will provide examples of applications and emphasize the importance of empirical approaches in studying archaeological evidence by remote sensing. GPS coordinate points have served as the basis of our field survey and mapping. From the image-based data we shall deal with aerial photographs, CORONA satellite photographs, Landsat, SPOT, QuickBird and GeoEye satellite images. From the range-based data we shall discuss X-SAR Shuttle Mission 2000 and ASTER-DEM data, but LiDAR and geophysical devices will only be briefly considered.</p>

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5

JI, XIA, and HONGYU LIU. "On isotropic cloaking and interior transmission eigenvalue problems." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 29, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792517000110.

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This paper is concerned with the invisibility cloaking in acoustic wave scattering from a new perspective. We are especially interested in achieving the invisibility cloaking by completely regular and isotropic mediums. It is shown that an interior transmission eigenvalue problem arises in our study, which is the one considered theoretically in Cakoni et al. (Transmission eigenvalues for inhomogeneous media containing obstacles, Inverse Problems and Imaging, 6 (2012), 373–398). Based on such an observation, we propose a cloaking scheme that takes a three-layer structure including a cloaked region, a lossy layer and a cloaking shell. The target medium in the cloaked region can be arbitrary but regular, whereas the mediums in the lossy layer and the cloaking shell are both regular and isotropic. We establish that if a certain non-transparency condition is satisfied, then there exists an infinite set of incident waves such that the cloaking device is nearly invisible under the corresponding wave interrogation. The set of waves is generated from the Herglotz approximation of the associated interior transmission eigenfunctions. We provide both theoretical and numerical justifications.

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6

Odell, George H. "Research Problems R Us." American Antiquity 66, no. 4 (October 2001): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694180.

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In the preceding paper, Binford distinguishes between scholars who derive theory from within archaeological datasets and do science, and those who borrow theory from elsewhere and engage in the humanities. I agree that archaeological datasets constitute one fruitful area for the origin of research questions but not the only one, and suggest other ways that he could have considered the matter. I provide concrete examples of Binford"s preferred research strategy and mine, and discern significant differences between the two. What Binford considered the importation of theory was really the formulation of models that were ultimately tested on archaeological datasets.

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7

Lassas, Matti, Mikko Salo, and Leo Tzou. "Inverse problems and invisibility cloaking for FEM models and resistor networks." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 25, no. 02 (November 24, 2014): 309–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202515500116.

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In this paper we consider inverse problems for resistor networks and for models obtained via the finite element method (FEM) for the conductivity equation. These correspond to discrete versions of the inverse conductivity problem of Calderón. We characterize FEM models corresponding to a given triangulation of the domain that are equivalent to certain resistor networks, and apply the results to study nonuniqueness of the discrete inverse problem. It turns out that the degree of nonuniqueness for the discrete problem is larger than the one for the partial differential equation. We also study invisibility cloaking for FEM models, and show how an arbitrary body can be surrounded with a layer so that the cloaked body has the same boundary measurements as a given background medium.

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8

Vlasov, Alexander. "PROBLEMS OF ASSESSMENT OF REAL ESTATE OBJECTS IN RUSSIA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-3-1-64-70.

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Theoretical insolvency of the developed Western European empirical methods of assessment of real estate objects in Russia, full insolvency of their results for the solution of social and economic problems of development of territories of Russia is shown. The nature the similar technologies of calculation of economic standards of rational use of objects of invisibility aligning the interests of the state and business, creation of the uniform State Immovable Property Cadastre of Russia are offered.

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9

Boado, Felipe Criado. "Problems, functions and conditions of archaeological knowledge." Journal of Social Archaeology 1, no. 1 (June 2001): 126–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146960530100100109.

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10

Zheng, Yufang, and Yuanfu Hsia. "Studies of archaeological problems by Mössbauer spectroscopy." Hyperfine Interactions 68, no. 1-4 (April 1992): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02396458.

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11

Vomer Gojkovič, Mojca, and Nataša Kolar. "Archaeological Park Vicus Fortunae — Projects and Problems." Arheologija i prirodne nauke 10 (2014): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/arhe_apn.2014.10.16.

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12

Nicolet, A., F. Zolla, Y. Ould Agha, and S. Guenneau. "Geometrical transformations and equivalent materials in computational electromagnetism." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 27, no. 4 (July 11, 2008): 806–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640810878216.

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PurposeThis paper aims to review various techniques used in computational electromagnetism such as the treatment of open problems, helicoidal geometries and the design of arbitrarily shaped invisibility cloaks. This seemingly heterogeneous list is unified by the concept of geometrical transformation that leads to equivalent materials. The practical set‐up is conveniently effected via the finite element method.Design/methodology/approachThe change of coordinates is completely encapsulated in the material properties.FindingsThe most significant examples are the simple 2D treatment of helicoidal geometries and the design of arbitrarily shaped invisibility cloaks.Originality/valueThe paper provides a unifying point of view, bridging several techniques in electromagnetism.

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13

AZIMOVA, NIGORA, and BILL JOHNSTON. "Invisibility and Ownership of Language: Problems of Representation in Russian Language Textbooks." Modern Language Journal 96, no. 3 (September 2012): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2012.01356.x.

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14

Dalan, Rinita A., and Subir K. Banerjee. "Solving archaeological problems using techniques of soil magnetism." Geoarchaeology 13, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(199801)13:1<3::aid-gea2>3.0.co;2-9.

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15

Balkov, E. V., Yu G. Karin, O. A. Pozdnyakova, I. O. Shaparenko, and D. A. Goglev. "UAV photography in search problems of archeology: overview and practical examples." Russian Journal of geophysical technologies, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/2619-1563-2020-3-38.

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The archaeological sites Aul-Koshkul-1 and Novaya Kurya 1 located on the territory of the Novosibirsk region were studied. The effectiveness of UAV photography in detection of archaeological objects that are weakly expressed in the relief is shown. The world experience of using UAV photography in relation to the solution of search archaeological problems is considered, a brief overview of the hardware used is given. An effective method of obtaining orthophotoplans and relative elevation maps of the day surface is described in detail. This method makes it possible to identify new archaeological objects on the territory of the studied sites.

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16

Beaudoin, Joan E. "Specters in the Archive: Faculty Digital Image Collections and the Problems of Invisibility." Journal of Academic Librarianship 37, no. 6 (December 2011): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2011.07.005.

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17

Stocchetti, Matteo. "Invisibility, Inequality and the Dialectics of the Real in the Digital Age." Interações: Sociedade e as novas modernidades, no. 34 (October 2, 2018): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31211/interacoes.n34.2018.a2.

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In the digital age, the practical possibility of engaging inequalities as political problems, that is, as problems related to the competition for the control over the distribution of values in society, is undermined by the digital invisibility of reality In the current state of affairs, the digitalization of society reflects the influence of capitalist interpellation and brings about the invisibility of the real. The invisibility of the real through capitalist digitalization, in turn, conflates digitization and digitalization subordinating the latter to the former. Construed as a process inspired by technological rationality, capitalist digitalization undermines the possibility of mobilizing knowledge and legitimizing practices in support of the interpretation of invisibilities in relation to inequalities and injustice. In line with the critical perspective of Andrew Feenberg and others, my approach is that the influence of capitalism in the digital age results from an epistemic appropriation of a technological development. This appropriation is the source of invisibilities that support inequalities and ultimately injustices that can and should be opposed. Leading on from this, my point is that opposition to this influence depends on the possibility of establishing alternative epistemic grounds and the formulation of alternative interpellations for the production of digital subjectivity. To foster the normative agenda of critical theory, I discuss this possibility in terms of the ‘dialectics of the real’, the re-politicization of the social construction of reality in the digital age and the role of critical media literacy.

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18

Paga, Jessica. "Contested Space at the Entrance of the Athenian Acropolis." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.2.154.

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Public spaces of protest in ancient cities, whether deliberately crafted or organically formed, can prove elusive, but the existence, appearance, and function of such spaces should not be ignored because of their relative invisibility. In Contested Space at the Entrance of the Athenian Acropolis, Jessica Paga looks to ancient Athens to demonstrate how such spaces were built and used, as well as their potential role in propagating the success of the world's first democracy. Concentrating on the archaeological record and the historical context surrounding the use and transformation of public spaces in Athens, Paga posits the entrance area to the Athenian Acropolis as a consciously elaborated site of dissent and unity for the burgeoning democratic polis in the late sixth and early fifth centuries BCE.

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19

Olshanskaya, Natalia. "De-coding intertextuality in classic and postmodern Russian narratives." Translation and Interpreting Studies 6, no. 1 (June 23, 2011): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.6.1.05ols.

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Based on the comparison of intertextual references in several English translations of Fedor Dostoevskii’s Notes From the Underground and Victor Pelevin’s “The Ninth Dream of Vera Pavlovna,” the article addresses general issues of translating intertextual references in narratives. Special attention is devoted to the problems of reception of postmodern texts and the question of the translator’s ‘invisibility.’

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20

Misseroni, D., A. B. Movchan, and D. Bigoni. "Omnidirectional flexural invisibility of multiple interacting voids in vibrating elastic plates." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2229 (September 2019): 20190283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0283.

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In elasticity, the design of a cloaking for an inclusion or a void to leave a vibrational field unperturbed by its presence, so to achieve its invisibility, is a thoroughly analysed, but still unchallenged, mechanical problem. The ‘cloaking transformation’ concept, originally developed in electromagnetism and optics, is not directly applicable to elastic waves, displaying a complex vectorial nature. Consequently, all examples of elastic cloaking presented so far involve complex design and thick coating skins. These cloakings often work only for problems of unidirectional propagation, within narrow ranges of frequency, and considering only one cloaked object. Here, a new method based on the concept of reinforcement, achieved via elastic stiffening and mass redistribution, is introduced to cloak multiple voids in an elastic plate. This simple technique produces invisibility of the voids to flexural waves within an extremely broad range of frequencies and thus surpassing in many aspects all existing cloaking techniques. The proposed design principle is applicable in mechanical problems ranging from the micro-scale to the scale of civil engineering. For instance, our results show how to design a perforated load-bearing building wall, vibrating during an earthquake exactly as the same wall, but unperforated, a new finding for seismic protection.

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21

Jongtaik Choi. "Archaeological Survey Results of Achasanseong Fortress and Remaining Problems." SA-CHONG(sa) ll, no. 81 (January 2014): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.16957/sa..81.201401.3.

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22

Mallory-Greenough, Leanne M., and John D. Greenough. "Applications of earth science techniques to archaeological problems Introduction." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-042.

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The thematic set provides examples of the many techniques that earth scientists can offer for use in archaeology. These studies use methods such as electron microprobe analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, optically stimulated luminescence, and soil and sediment stratigraphic analysis. Materials examined range from soils to basalt and dacite artifacts, glass, ceramics, phytoliths, and even ore assay beads. They cover 8000 years of time and are derived from three continents. The diversity of materials and techniques underscores the potential for collaboration as we open new doors into our collective past.

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23

Semenov, Sergey, and Stanislav Vasil’yev. "Problems of modern localization and identification of archaeological sites." Archaeological News 27 (2020): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-27-333-344.

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24

Wilkie, Laurie A. "Inessential archaeologies: problems of exclusion in Americanist archaeological thought." World Archaeology 37, no. 3 (September 2005): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438240500168368.

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25

Rodionova, Marina. "Archaeological investigations of the Novgorod Kremlin: problems, hypotheses, arguments." Archaeological news 28 (2020): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-160-172.

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The goal of the present article is to indicate the most significant current problems and hypotheses concerned with archaeological investigations of the Novgorod Kremlin (considering the present state of the source study base) and to define principal problems for future investigations concerned primarily with its early history.

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26

Giovas, Christina M. "The shell game: analytic problems in archaeological mollusc quantification." Journal of Archaeological Science 36, no. 7 (July 2009): 1557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.03.017.

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27

Smith, Angela. "‘Straight Problems’: The Sacralization of Homophobia, Women's Sexuality, Lesbian Invisibility and the British Church." Theology & Sexuality 1999, no. 10 (January 1999): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135583589900501008.

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28

Akcar, Naki, Susan Ivy-Ochs, and Christian Schlüchter. "Application of in-situ produced terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides to archaeology: A schematic review." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 57, no. 1/2 (August 1, 2008): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.9.

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Abstract. The wide applicability of in-situ produced Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides (TCNs) to geological problems and experiences in development and testing gained over the past decade is encouraging for its application to archaeological questions, where there is a distinct need for an additional independent dating tool beyond the limits of radiocarbon (~ 40 ka). Just as TCNs are applicable to a broader time period with considerable precision in archaeology, so also are they applicable to all lithologies. Application of TCNs to archaeological problems is relatively simple: either surface exposure dating (using cosmogenic nuclide production) or burial dating (using decay of radioactive cosmogenic nuclides) can be applied. For a successful application, close collaboration between archaeologists and TCN experts is required. The total exposure from 100 a to 5 Ma of a given surface of archaeological origin can be determined by surface exposure dating. The range of burial dating is from ~0.1 to 5 Ma. TCNs have been successfully applied to many archaeological problems during the last decade and both surface exposure dating and burial dating show high potential in the solving of archaeological problems.

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Smith, Thomas Aneurin. "Episodes of concealing: the invisibility of political ontologies in sacred forests." cultural geographies 27, no. 3 (November 7, 2019): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474019886837.

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Indigenous research has demonstrated how Indigenous ontologies are political and how they have been articulated politically to express counter-narratives to modern understandings of human–nature relations. This article argues that current characterisations of political ontology, particularly in relation to environmental conservation, have yet to fully take account of African Indigenous spiritualities. Current thinking on Indigenous ontologies and decolonial scholarship, and their political manifestations, faces two problems: (1) they assume the visibility and availability of Indigenous ontologies to ‘doing politics’ and (2) presumptions are made about the comparability of place-based Indigenous ontologies and wider attempts to reform the state, and that the political goals of Indigenous people will straightforwardly align with those of the researcher. Drawing from research on sacred natural site protection among the Nyiha in Mbozi District, southwestern Tanzania, I examine how these problems might be addressed in a context where notions of Indigeneity are articulated quite differently to those predominantly evident in current writing on Indigeneity and decolonial scholarship. Nyiha ontologies, although already-political at the local scale, resist becoming ‘available’ to environmental politics at wider scales, making straightforward notions of solidarity problematic. Through a particular encounter with Christian groups attempting to spatially appropriate Nyiha sites, I explore the various ways in which ontologies are made politically available and visible and how the Nyiha analyse Christianity as colonial. Finally, I turn to how Nyiha ontologies and their sacred forest sites are replete with ‘episodes of concealing’ and variable invisibilities, which call into question how visible practices are utilised as ‘evidence-of-ontology’, or as part of a wider decolonial project.

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30

Shackley, M. Steven. "Sources of Archaeological Obsidian in the Southwest: An Archaeological, Petrological, and Geochemical Study." American Antiquity 53, no. 4 (October 1988): 752–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281117.

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Comprehensive geochemical studies of archaeological obsidian sources in the Southwest typically have lagged behind other regions of North American and Mesoamerica. Current archaeological and petrological research indicates four previously unreported sources in Arizona, Sonora, and western New Mexico. This initial semiquantitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) examination of archaeological silicic-glass sources in this region focuses on current technical problems in southwestern obsidian studies. The chemical variability within some regional obsidian sources appears to be relatively extensive and new data from the San Francisco volcanic field in northern Arizona modifies the results of earlier researchers.

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31

Van Strydonck, Mark J. Y., Jean-Pierre Van Roeyen, Guido Minnaert, and Cyriel Verbruggen. "Problems in Dating Stone-Age Settlements on Sandy Soils: The Hof Ten Damme Site Near Melsele, Belgium." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030769.

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Archaeological sites on sandy soils often suffer from dislocation of artifacts and datable materials. Because stratigraphy and context lose their meaning in such cases, all 14C dates in this study were put in a dispersion diagram regardless of the sample origin. We drew conclusions about the chronology of the site by comparing this diagram with archaeological analysis of the artifacts and the evolution of the landscape. The dating series, as well as the archaeological analysis, suggest several occupation phases. In general, the archaeological chronology agrees with the 14C dates, although the two can be equated only with caution.

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32

Goncharov, A. E., and V. V. Kolodzhieva. "Medical paleomicrobiology: problems and prospects." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 66, no. 5-6 (August 30, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-5-6-72-77.

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The study of microbial DNA from paleontological and archaeological samples is a powerful tool for estimating the molecular evolution of human pathogens. The paper is a retrospective review of the most significant achievements in medical paleomicrobiology. The subject of the discussion is the genetic diversity of ancient microbiomes including pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance genes. Paleomicrobiological studies of permafrost as a repository of pathogenic microbiota are highly promising.

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33

Milan, Stefania, and Emiliano Treré. "The Rise of the Data Poor: The COVID-19 Pandemic Seen From the Margins." Social Media + Society 6, no. 3 (July 2020): 205630512094823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948233.

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Quantification is central to the narration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numbers determine the existence of the problem and affect our ability to care and contribute to relief efforts. Yet many communities at the margins, including many areas of the Global South, are virtually absent from this number-based narration of the pandemic. This essay builds on critical data studies to warn against the universalization of problems, narratives, and responses to the virus. To this end, it explores two types of data gaps and the corresponding “data poor.” The first gap concerns the data poverty perduring in low-income countries and jeopardizing their ability to adequately respond to the pandemic. The second affects vulnerable populations within a variety of geopolitical and socio-political contexts, whereby data poverty constitutes a dangerous form of invisibility which perpetuates various forms of inequality. But, even during the pandemic, the disempowered manage to create innovative forms of solidarity from below that partially mitigate the negative effects of their invisibility.

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34

최민정. "Problems of Archaeological Heritage Protection System and Its Improvement Plan." Journal of Korean Field Archaeology ll, no. 25 (March 2016): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35347/jkfa.2016..25.75.

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35

Opitz, Rachel, and Jason Herrmann. "Recent Trends and Long-standing Problems in Archaeological Remote Sensing." Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology 1, no. 1 (2018): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.11.

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36

Yatsenko, S. A. "Some Problems of Archaeological Study of the Ancient Burial Rites." New Past, no. 4 (2016): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2500-3224-2016-4-31-48.

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37

Voigt, Elizabeth A. "Iron Age Herding: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to Pastoral Problems." Goodwin Series 5 (June 1986): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3858141.

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38

Butler, Ann. "Trifolieae and related seeds from archaeological contexts: problems in identification." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 5, no. 1-2 (June 1996): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00189447.

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39

Clark, Anthony J. "Archaeological geophysics in Britain." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 7 (July 1986): 1404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442189.

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I describe the approach followed by the Ancient Monuments Laboratory in adapting the instrumentation and techniques of resistivity and magnetic prospecting to the near‐surface problems of mapping buried archaeological sites. Such sites demand rapid and intensive ground coverage and the highest possible spatial resolution and instrument sensitivity. Resistivity is used largely for planning building foundations. Optimized resistivity results have required comparative studies of electrode configurations and the effect on resistivity of climatic variations in different lithologies. Magnetic prospecting is especially effective for detecting (1) fired structures such as kilns, and (2) excavated features such as ditches and pits filled with topsoil of relatively high susceptibility (which is further enhanced by human activities). Speed and resolution requirements have caused the proton magnetometer to be abandoned in favor of the fluxgate gradiometer. Valuable information about human activity can also be obtained from magnetic susceptibility measurements on topsoil.

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40

Wawrzczak, Maciej, and Zuzana Kasenčáková. "Stará Ľubovňa – Lesopark. Late Palaeolithic site and the problems associated with raw material mining." Dissertationes Archaeologicae 3, no. 8 (March 30, 2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17204/dissarch.2020.5.

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A new archaeological site was discovered accidentally in year 2018. A surface survey revealed stone artefacts, which were generally dated to the Late Palaeolithic. Later, archaeological sondages were opened and newly found stone artifacts proved earliest dating. Furthermore, it was confirmed that local radiolarites were exploited by Late Palaeolithic societies.

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41

Blagojevic, Ivana. "Landscape visualisation of the Roman site Margum." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 105 (2012): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1205007b.

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There are numerous traces around the world that testify on the duration and significance of the Roman Empire. There are many more Roman traces in Serbia, than it could be seen in the field. Many traces have been lost or forgotten forever. Roman Margum is one of them. On the base of outline maps and historical facts, this work aims to revive the Roman era on the site Margum, in an innovative way, by using natural vegetation and installation. The approach to work has a multidisciplinary character. By analyzing the current situation and by using a check list, it was found that partly carried out archaeological excavations were not visible, and that their invisibility was more enhanced with invasive vegetation that occupied the space. The revitalization of the site Margum will not only contribute to the cultural heritage of Serbia, but also to a tourist activation of the space and its surroundings and to raising the attractiveness of the site as well.

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42

Blanco-González, Antonio. "Unconventional Prehistoric Worlds: Untangling the Later Bronze Age in Central Iberia." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25, no. 2 (April 23, 2015): 435–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774314000821.

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The Cogotas I culture (c. 1800–1150 cal. bc) is an unusual test case in Bronze Age Europe with its incomplete definition due to empirical and epistemological difficulties. The idiosyncratic materiality of those small-scale communities is poorly understood because of its unexpected nature. The characteristic evidence is limited to formal deposits and accumulations of secondary residues whose survival was decisively driven by prehistoric social practices. Thus, in the absence of intact activity areas or dwellings, normative burials and representative domestic equipment, alternative lines of enquiry are needed. However, standard interpretative models have proposed mismatching socio-economic accounts or misleading narratives envisioning these societies as regressive and isolated. This updated multi-scalar review covers from the high level of cultural demarcation and territorial representation to the micro-scale stories of human–things relationships. The lifestyles and worldviews in Cogotas I societies entailed the upholding of atavistic habits, a relational cosmology and a strategy of transient durability, which ultimately resulted in their characteristic archaeological invisibility.

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Rozen, Kenneth C., and Alan P. Sullivan. "Measurement, Method, and Meaning in Lithic Analysis: Problems with Amick and Mauldin's Middle-Range Approach." American Antiquity 54, no. 1 (January 1989): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281340.

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Amick and Mauldin (1989) claim that our approach to describing debitage assemblage variation is unproductive because our typology is free of interpretation. They suggest that our method for assigning meaning to archaeological data is sterile because it is based solely on observations of the archaeological record. Their views seem to be based on inattention to key analytic concepts, an unfamiliarity with the full range of factors affecting lithic assemblage content, and an empirically unsupported position about how knowledge of the past may be obtained from the archaeological record. Experimental studies are useful for developing generalizations about how technological factors may influence debitage assemblage characteristics, but sound description of those characteristics is an essential prerequisite to reliable interpretations.

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Webb, R. Esmée. "Problems with Radiometric “Time”: Dating the Initial Human Colonization of Sahul." Radiocarbon 40, no. 2 (1997): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018695.

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Until recently, the only chronometric technique applied to Sahulian archaeological sites was14C dating; the ages obtained rarely exceeded 40,000 bp. Belief that the region was first colonized around that time has recently been shaken by luminescence dates from several archaeological sites in northern Australia that suggest people arrived between 60,000 and 55,000 bp. The ensuing debate over their validity revealed that some participants misunderstood luminescence dating and the temporal limitations of14C dating, illustrated here through a discussion of thetempoandmodeof Sahulian colonization. Radiometric techniques cannot distinguish between the models proposed because they are unable to resolve temporal issues that occur within their limits of error.

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Handayani, Diah, and Ahmad Taufiq. "ACTION PLANS AGAINST WOMEN'S INVISIBILITY HOME WORKER (PUTTING OUT SYSTEM)." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 4, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v4i2.2578.

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The purpose of this study is to know the profile of women of home workers (Putting Out System/POS) in Kediri Regency, covering aspects of the establishment, categorisation, social security and the recognition of Putting Out System in Kediri Regency. The type of research developed in this study is a qualitative approach. According to Narbuko (2008), qualitative methods refer to research strategies, such as observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and document studies. The results showed that home workers were scattered in several areas in several sub-districts. Although no data indicates clearly but their existence is very significant. In carrying out its work, women of home workers face some of the following problems:(1) There is no written agreement about the terms and conditions, (2) Low wages; based on the product unilaterally determined by the employer. (3) No labor social protection. Even if they have health insurance, it is because they are in the status of poor households so it is entitled to the beneficiaries of government-managed healthcare social security (JKN-KIS, JKN-KIS District, JAMKESDA) or have BPJS Mandiri. The inhibitory factors of the change in the access of women of home workers to the collateral of social protection of man power are as follows: logging constraints, regulatory constraints, social and family norms that impede women to participate in mentoring collective pursuits. There are two things that can encourage poor female home workers to access the social protection of labor, which is participation in collective action and the ability to negotiate with employers

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Sullivan, Alan P., and Kenneth C. Rozen. "Debitage Analysis and Archaeological Interpretation." American Antiquity 50, no. 4 (October 1985): 755–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280165.

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AbstractThe systematic study of chipped stone debitage provides important information about prehistoric lithic technology. However, the results of most debitage analyses are unconvincing because of questionable assumptions and inherent flaws in the typologies used to classify the material. After briefly reviewing these problems, we present an alternative approach that does not rely on the presumed technological origins of individual artifacts as the basis for debitage classification and interpretation. An important element of this approach is a typology composed of interpretation-free and mutually exclusive debitage categories. The derivation of this typology is described and the utility of the approach is demonstrated with two Arizona case studies. The TEP St. Johns project provides new data and interpretations about Archaic Period technological and settlement changes while the Pitiful Flats study illustrates how differences in functional and organizational factors affect debitage assemblage variability.

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Medvedev, A. P. "ON SOME PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH SOURCES ON THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SCYTHIAN HISTORY." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 27, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.02.30.

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The subject of this article is the problem of correlation and verification of ancient literary sources and archaeological evidence with a view to reconstruct the history and culture of the early Scythians. The author analyzes the current state of affairs in cultural identification of the Cimmerians and the Scythians in Russian archaeological and historical science and shows drawbacks of the hypercritical approach to ancient literary sources on the basis of the early Greek tradition on the Cimmerians and the Scythians in the Northern Black Sea region. If we use the methods that have been recently used to analyze the Greek tradition on the Cimmerians, we will have to make a disappointing conclusion that not only the Cimmerians but also the Scythians in the Northern Black Sea region are virtually not mentioned for a period before the middle of the 5th century BC. The archaeological evidence can largely make up for the shortage of narrative sources on the Scythians. The author makes a conclusion that the «old» hypothesis about the arrival of the Scythians in the Black Sea region (based on the third Herodotus’ story) and replacement of the late pre-Scythian culture by the early Scythian one combines almost all known literary and archaeological evidence into a more consistent theory than the «new» approach offered in the 1990s and stating that the Cimmerians were bearers of the Early Scythian culture known only to the west of the Euphrates.

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Vsevolod I., Lyasovich. "Actual Trends in the Latest Research of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz Archaeological Cultures." Humanitarian Vector 15, no. 6 (December 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-6-14-22.

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Today, an understanding of the state of knowledge of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures is quite relevant for archaeologists of the Urals and Prikamye. A variety of scientific approaches to understanding the nature of the above cultures gave rise to a lot of questions and problems in the scientific literature relating to the reconstruction of the ancient history of the Southern Urals. This article cites and analyzes recent works related to the history of studying the antiquities of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures of the Southern Urals of the early Iron Age. Based on them, thematic historiographic blocks are identified and conceptual directions in the study of the above-mentioned cultures are determined. Today’s situation shows that in the field of studying the forest-steppe cultures of the Ural region of the Early Iron Age, certain scientific trends have developed, in which theoretical knowledge of the ancient history of this region is developing. Moreover, each of them touches upon a specific feature of the functioning of the Kara-Abyz and Pianobor archaeological cultures in the Early Iron Age in the Southern Urals. The author outlines six actual lines of development of studies of the above-mentioned cultures: 1) historiography; 2) natural science methods in archaeological research; 3) analysis of trade relations; 4) the introduction into the scientific circulation of excavation materials; 5) problems of chronology; 6) problems of the genesis and historical fate of archaeological cultures. In many cases, these theoretical developments of scientists overlap, forming a circle of problems and interests, creating discussions, or complementing each other’s scientific concepts. The latter trend allows us to form a unified system of knowledge and characteristics in understanding the historical development of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures. Keywords: Early Iron Age, pianoborskaya culture, kara-abyzskaya culture, South Ural, Pre-Ural, forest-steppes Pre-Ural, historiography

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Khatsenovich, A. M., E. P. Rybin, D. Bazargur, D. V. Marchenko, J. Ge, A. M. Klementiev, S. A. Kogai, et al. "Geochronological and Archaeological Records of the Orkhon-7 site: Research Problems." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 25 (2019): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.276-281.

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Strien, Hans-Christoph. "Discrepancies between archaeological and 14C-based chronologies: problems and possible solutions." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.16.

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14C dating of bone collagen is believed to produce the most reliable absolute dates for the Central European Early Neolithic, as the selection of bones in anatomical context minimises taphonomic problems. In contrast, a comparison of three newly published local or regional chronological models as well as a comparison of several series of dates from bone collagen, charcoal and cereals highlights problems probably caused by diagenetic influences, especially on collagen. Therefore, at least the checking of bone collagen 14C dates against charcoal or cereal dates from the same contexts seems to be indispensable.

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