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Corkum, Penny. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/NQ45712.pdf.
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Barnes, Sally Anne. "Attention and memory problems in chronic pain." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323765.
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Taylor, Cindy J. "Development and Validation of the Checklist for Differential Diagnosis of Attentional Problems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279109/.
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The current study discussed the development and validation of the Checklist for Differential Diagnosis of Attentional Problems (CDDAP), a tool for use with adults seeking diagnosis and treatment of an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Normative data are provided on three subject groups (ADHD adults, controls, and adults with other psychiatric disorders). Convergent validity was established with the SCL-90, and criterion validity established through comparing scaled scores with final diagnoses. Overall, this measure was accurate at differentiating adults with ADHD from controls and adults with other psychiatric disorders. Results indicated that the CDDAP was also able to identify other psychiatric disorders with 71 to 92% accuracy, depending on the disorder.
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Alford, Lucy Maddux. "Problems in post-foundational ethics : contingency, responsibility, attention." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553752.
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Over the course of the last century, modern and postmodern thought has called attention to the uncertain ground for relations of respect and responsibility within an increasingly contingent, post-secular, and seemingly “foundationless” context. The strong moral claims of the contemporary human rights discourse have both responded to (with stronger claims and better campaign strategies) and suffered from the pervasive condition of moral uncertainty, ethical groundlessness. This dissertation considers the development, destabilization, and breakdown of moral subjectivity over the course of the last half of the twentieth century. My thesis identifies a correlation between an increasingly contingent political and intellectual terrain and an increasingly plural and indeterminate moral subject. Chapter One addresses the subjectivity with which the field of human rights was born—the atomized, individual agency, a product of Enlightenment thought, imbued with the appropriate theological holdovers: a secular version of the transcendent soul, the hallmarks of which are inherent dignity, integrity, and inviolability. Chapter Two marks a first stage in the pluralization of the moral subject, now conceived as a subjective relation between responsible and culpable parties. I explore this relational subjectivity in the work of Emmanuel Levinas, and explore its interpretation and application in the fields of rights talk and witness media. Chapter Three considers a further pluralized moral subjectivity in the context of systemic violence, in which the lines of agent, perpetrator and victim are less clear, more contingent. Chapter Four follows the implications of systemic relation into the domain of human/non-human relation, wherein even the standing of the “human” becomes riddled with contingencies. Chapter Five explores the space of attention as both opening and precondition for ethical relation and responsibility in a post-foundational context marked by contingency, porosity, and instability.
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Johnson, Jennifer E. "Investigating visual attention while solving college algebra problems." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19704.
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Master of ScienceMathematics
Andrew G. Bennett
This study utilizes eye-tracking technology as a tool to measure college algebra students’ mathematical noticing as defined by Lobato and colleagues (2012). Research in many disciplines has used eye-tracking technology to investigate the differences in visual attention under the assumption that eye movements reflect a person’s moment-to-moment cognitive processes. Motivated by the work done by Madsen and colleagues (2012) who found visual differences between those who correctly and incorrectly solve introductory college physics problems, we used eye-tracking to observe the visual attention difference between correct and incorrect solvers of college algebra problems. More specifically, we consider students’ visual attention when presented tabular representations of linear functions. We found that in several of the problems analyzed, those who answered the problem correctly spend more time looking at relevant table values of the problem while those who answered the problem incorrectly spend more time looking at irrelevant table labels x, y, y = f(x) of the problem in comparison to the correct solvers. More significantly, we found a noteworthy group of students, who did not move beyond table labels, using these labels solely to solve the problem. Future analyses need to be done to expand on the differences between eye patterns rather than just focusing on dwell time in the relevant and irrelevant areas of a table.
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Fields, Alicia D. "Recognition of facial affect in adults with attention problems." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2984.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 107. Thesis director: Johannes Rojahn. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 15, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-106). Also issued in print.
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Koltun, Hadley Stephen. "Teacher-identified oral language difficulties in children with attention problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ51540.pdf.
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Kuhne, Michael. "Friendship patterns of children and adolescents with learning disabilities and attention problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/NQ41199.pdf.
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NUNES, RENATA CRISTINA FERREIRA. "THE FACILITATING ENVIRONMENT: A ESTUDY WITH CHILDREN SHOWING ATTENTION PROBLEMS IN SCHOLL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21983@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre uma prática de estimulação através de atividades lúdicas, realizada com grupos de crianças que apresentavam um sintoma de dificuldade de atenção em atividades escolares. A pesquisa teórica teve por finalidade buscar bases para fundamentar o trabalho, considerando-se as referências culturais da atualidade e as influências que o diálogo e a relação de identificação com os profissionais envolvidos proporcionaram a essas crianças. Atenção e a falta dela foram os focos desta pesquisa.
This dissertation presents a reflection on the practice of stimulation through play activities, conducted with groups of children who presented a lack of attention as a common symptom in school activities. The theoretical research aimed to seek bases to support a group work with children, considering the current cultural references and influences that dialogue and relationship identification with the professionals involved have provided to these children. Attention and the lack of it were the focus of this research.
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Al-Azzam, Manar Mahmoud. "Arab immigrant Muslim mothers' perceptions of children's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1527.
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ADHD is a common behavioral problem among children and adolescents and has been studied extensively. However, this disorder is still understudied in ethnic, immigrant minorities in the U.S. such as Arab families. Thus, this descriptive, qualitative study was important and needed because a gap exists in the literature concerning Arab immigrant mothers' perceptions of the children's behavioral problems such as ADHD and the implications of such child behavioral problems within the Arab immigrant family. The available literature has focused on other minorities in the United States and not Arab minorities. Accordingly, this study focused on and took a qualitative approach in order to gain an in-depth understanding of how Arab immigrant mothers perceive, describe and respond to children behavioral problems. The main purpose of this study was to elicit mothers' perceptions of and responses to behavioral problems in children, especially those behaviors associated with ADHD, in a purposeful sample comprised of Arab immigrant Muslim mothers.
The findings of this study indicate that generally, mothers used several terms to describe problematic behaviors in children, words like "active", "overactive", "spoiled", "concentration problems,"...etc. Also, mothers reported several strategies for how they would respond to a child's behaviors if the child exhibited behavioral problems as well as the use of many resources available for handling a child with behavioral problems. Mothers reported various issues they considered to be triggers that would cause them to seek help for a child's behaviors. Moreover, mothers emphasized the issues of social stigma, lack of knowledge, and lack of resources as problems that would hinder them from seeking professional mental health assistance for treating behavioral problems for children in the mothers' country of birth. The results indicated that the mothers' unfavorable attitudes toward seeking formal mental health services are most likely to be affected by cultural and traditional beliefs about mental health problem. Interestingly, mothers reported that their attitudes toward children's behavioral problems differ when in the U.S. than the generally accepted attitudes held in their home countries.
This study added new knowledge and also provided information to social scientists, health care providers, mental health professionals, educators, and policy makers to better understand the needs of Arab immigrant families with children who may suffer from behavioral problems/ADHD. Finally, this study provided information for future researchers who wish to study child behavioral problems/ADHD with immigrant families other than Arabs.
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Fahey, Jeanette Chandlee Williams J. Michael. "Developmental changes in attention performance and their relationship to behavior and school problems /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/740.
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CHEN, MEI-KUANG. "Reviews of Empirical Studies on Attention Placebo for Anxiety or Phobia Related Problems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203014.
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The term "attention placebo" has been used in an imprecise and often seemingly thoughtless way for decades, and it is often confusing to encounter "attention placebo group" in outcome studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate attention placebo empirically, focusing on anxiety or phobia related problems. The two aims were (1) to describe and summarize how researchers define attention placebo in empirical studies and the intervention procedures involved in these studies; and (2) to explore the possibility of estimating the magnitude of the attention placebo effects on anxiety or phobia related problems.A thorough literature search was carried out with the keywords of attention placebo synonyms and the resulting list of 1304 articles was screened for unique empirical articles on anxiety or phobia related problems. A total of 545 articles were identified as attention placebo empirical studies, and 83 involved anxiety or phobia related problems. These 83 constituent articles were coded for the purpose of qualitative overview, and 63 articles with sufficient data were included in the meta-analysis of attention placebo effects.The results of the qualitative overview of attention placebo on anxiety or phobia related problems showed that most articles did not discuss explicitly any rationale for using an attention placebo group, but simply included one as a comparison group. The arrangements for attention placebo interventions were diverse and often reflected little concern for emulating the nonspecific features of the treatment(s) of interest. Two meta-analyses were performed based on the comparison of attention placebo and a no-treatment control, and attention placebo and the verum. The overall estimated effect of attention placebo is Hedges's g=0.32, a small effect, significantly different from the effect size of the other control groups. Compared to the verum, the effects of attention placebo are not consistent in magnitude but were nearly all smaller than the effects of the verum treatments. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that estimating attention placebo effects is a sensible and meaningful research activity.In conclusion, attention placebo is not so much about attention, and it is possible to estimate the effects of attention placebo.
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McDuffy, Katharine Walcott Christy. "Effectiveness of a Computer Literacy Intervention for Young Children with Attention and Reading Problems." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2686.
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Fahie, Carleen. "Executive functioning and theory of mind in children with attention and disruptive behaviour problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62343.pdf.
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Ozdemir, Selda. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : an early intervention approach for preventing social, emotional, and academic problems : implementation effectiveness with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder /." Saarbrücken : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783836470582.
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Ozdemir, Selda. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder an early intervention approach for preventing social, emotional, and academic problems ; implementation effectiveness with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/989351823/04.
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Sarver, Dustin E. "ADHD behavior problems and near- and long-term scholastic achievement differential mediating effects of verbal and visuospatial memory." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4535.
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The current study examined verbal and visuospatial memory abilities as potential mediators of the relationship among ADHD behavior problems and near- and long-term scholastic achievement. Scholastic achievement was measured initially and at 4-year follow-up in an ethnically diverse sample of children (N = 325). Nested composite (reading, math, language) and domain-specific reading structural equation models revealed that ADHD behavior problems exerted a negative influence on scholastic achievement measures, both initially and at follow-up. Much of this influence, however, was mediated by verbal memory's contribution to near-term achievement, whereas visuospatial memory contributed more robustly to long-term achievement. For the domain-specific math achievement model, the collective influence of verbal and visuospatial memory fully mediated the direct influence of ADHD behavior problems on near-term math achievement, and visuospatial memory alone contributed to both near- and long-term achievement. In all models, measured intelligence made no contribution to later achievement beyond its initial influence on early achievement. The results contribute to the understanding of the developmental trajectory of scholastic achievement, and have potential implications for developing remedial programs targeting verbal and visual memory deficits in children with ADHD behavior problems.ID: 030423171; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-42).
M.S.
Masters
Department of Psychology
Sciences
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Blomqvist, My. "Analysis of behavior and communication during dental appointments in children with attention and learning problems /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/20041210blom/.
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Brand, Rebecca J., Wallace E. Jr Dixon, and Matthew T. McBee. "Challenging the Link Between Early Childhood Television Exposure and Later Attention Problems: a Multiverse Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4902.
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The claim that early childhood television exposure causes later attention problems (Christakis et al., 2004) remains strongly held by both the popular media and many researchers in the field, despite the fact that re-analyses and meta-analyses have directly challenged this finding (Foster & Watkins, 2010; Kostyrka-Allchorne et al., 2017; Nikkelen et al., 2014). To further examine the validity of the original claim, we subjected the same dataset (the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth) to a “multiverse analysis” (Steegen et al., 2016). Because research requires a series of analytic decisions, some of which are arbitrary, any individual finding may be more or less dependent on the analysis strategy used. Thus, we employed more than 100 analytic models to see how robust the purported effect might be across a variety of analytic decisions.
As in Christakis et al. (2004), data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 1979. Our variable selection process was based on the one reported in the original study with some additions. All downloaded data, analysis codes, and supplemental figures are available anonymously at goo.gl/93uWt4. One added covariate of particular interest was children’s temperament, because difficult temperament (i.e., short attention span, negative reactivity) has been associated with both attentional flexibility (Smith et al., 1997) and concurrent TV watching (Thompson et al., 2013).
We first conducted 4 linear regressions and 36 propensity score analyses, varying analytic parameters including: the cut point for distinguishing “high TV” from “low TV” exposure; age at TV exposure [approximately 1.5 years vs. 3 years]; whether a doubly-robust analysis was used; whether the attention outcome was standardized within sex; and whether estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) or the average treatment effect for the treated (ATT). Only 4 of the 40 analyses was consistent with a causal effect of TV on attention (all four were variants of PSA using the unstandardized attention measure). Figure 1 shows a summary of the analyses using the unstandardized attention measure. Note that effect sizes cluster around zero. In an attempt to replicate the original analytic strategy, we also conducted 42 logistic regressions. The logistic regressions required dichotomizing the attention measure to discriminate problematic from non-problematic behavior. Because there were no a priori reasons to choose a particular cut point, we systematically varied the cut point from 110 to 130. As shown in Figure 2, we found that significant effects only emerge at cut points of 123 and 124, similar to the cut point of 120 chosen by Christakis et al. (2004). Given that only four analytic paths out of 82 showed a significant effect, Christakis et al.’s findings appear extremely model dependent, leading us to conclude that early exposure to TV has no real effect on later attention. Finally, we found that difficult temperament was in fact predictive of hours of TV watching in early childhood, at about the same magnitude as BMI and parent education. This finding is in line with recent investigations of temperament and screen media use (e.g., Thompson et al., 2013).
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French, Rachel B. "Health and behavioral problems associated with symptoms of pediatric sleep disorders." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002767.
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Brand, Rebecca J., and Wallace E. Jr Dixon. "Difficulty Calming Predicts Infant TV Use and Mediates the Relationship Between TV and Later Attention Problems." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4918.
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Brenton-Haden, Sally Elizabeth. "Metacognitive strategies and attribution training with children displaying attentional problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22956.pdf.
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Campbell, Catherine Elaine. "MMPI-2 Patterns of Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277675/.
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Recent literature suggests that not only does Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/ADD) persist into adulthood, but it can also be accompanied by personality characteristics which cause emotional difficulties. In fact, adults diagnosed with ADHD can present with a profusion of difficulties. Several constructs appear to accumulate dynamically throughout development to place the adult with ADHD at risk for multiple emotional problems. These interwoven influences include familial characteristics, childhood emotional and academic difficulties, and inadequate coping skills to respond to adulthood pressures. This document, first, describes a developmental model for conceptualizing negative trajectories leading to nonadaptive coping and psychopathology and identifies personality factors of adults diagnosed with ADHD. This model provides clinicians and researchers with a better understanding of the complexity and challenges of adulthood ADHD in order to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The purpose of this study is to examine personality factors common to adults diagnosed with ADHD and compares these characteristics with a group of adults diagnosed with a depressive disorder. Adults responding to a community advertisement who provided documentation of the diagnosis of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder were administered the MMPI-2. This ADHD group was compared with MMPI-2 profiles of a group of adults diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder or Dysthymic Disorder. A cluster analysis procedure was performed and results are discussed.
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Schottelkorb, April A. Ray Dee C. "Effectiveness of child-centered play therapy and person-centered teacher consultation on ADHD behavioral problems of elementary school children a single case design /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5125.
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Morin, Mariko Anne. "The effect of prenatal maternal stress on the development of attention problems in five-year-old children /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83132.
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Research indicates a relationship between prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) and attention levels in children. Studies with non-human primates suggest that both exposure to PNMS and the timing of a stressor during pregnancy are associated with greater attention problems in offspring; however, this has not been sufficiently tested in humans because of methodological constraints. We explored the relationship between objective and subjective measures of PNMS for 85 women who were pregnant during the 1998 Quebec Ice Storm and attention levels in their 5.5 year-old children, while controlling for socioeconomic status, child's sex, and maternal state anxiety. As a group, children in the study displayed significantly less attentive behaviour compared to a standardized norm. Boys in this group were significantly less attentive than girls. Objective PNMS exposure during 1st trimester correlated positively with attention problems in the children, accounting for 15.2% of the variance in attention levels as rated by Kindergarten teachers. In a behavioural task to detect sustained attention difficulties and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, children exposed during the 3rd trimester obtained significantly worse scores compared to children exposed in other trimesters. However, in this case, objective and subjective PNMS appeared to act as protective factors, raising the possibility of the presence of another unknown mechanism that negatively affected the attention variables.
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Peterson, Lauri Jo. "Resource guide for guidance counselors and teachers of students with sensory integration disorder and behavior attention problems." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003petersonl.pdf.
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Mark, Erin M. "The Influence of Premorbid Attention and Behavior Problems on Neurobehavioral Outcomes From Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1308314375.
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Aldea, Rebecca Flake. "EMOTION RECOGNITION AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/13.
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This study examined the emotion recognition of children (ages 7-9 years) with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children completed two emotion recognition measures, the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2 (DANVA2) and the Child and Adolescent Social Perception measure (CASP). Children and their parents also completed an assessment of children’s social skills, the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS). Children with ADHD reported a significantly greater level of depressive symptoms and had significantly lower full scale IQ scores than children without ADHD. When these differences were accounted for, children with ADHD continued to show a handful of deficits in emotion recognition. They demonstrated difficulties in emotion recognition on the DANVA2 regarding specific emotions, fear and sadness. On the CASP, children with ADHD made significantly more errors than children without ADHD due to a tendency to make up information to explain how they were able to identify feelings. Children’s performance on the emotion recognition measures did not significantly mediate the relation between their diagnostic status and social skills (as rated by parents). In summary, additional evidence was found regarding the deficits in emotion recognition experienced by children with ADHD, however, further work needs to be done to determine if these deficits relate to the peer difficulties experienced by these children.
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Baldauskienė, Emilija. "Aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimą turinčių mokinių mokykloje patiriamos bendravimo problemos." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120703_115430-87914.
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Bakalauro darbe nagrinėjamos aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimą turinčių mokinių bendravimo problemos. Bakalauro darbo tikslas - išnagrinėti aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimą turinčių mokinių bendravimo problemas patiriamas mokykloje. Anketinės apklausos metodu tirta mokinių nuomonė apie mokyklą ir savijautą joje, buvo siekiama išanalizuoti mokinių bendravimo problemas. Apklausiant pedagogus, siekta nustatyti pedagogų reakcijas į nepageidaujamą mokinių elgesį, jų tarpusavio bendravimo su aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimų turinčių vaikų ypatumus, efektyviausias nepageidaujamo elgesio valdymo priemones.Tyrimo metu nustatyta, jog aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimų turintys mokiniai nesijaučia turintys didelių bendravimo problemų. Bendravimą su mokytojais jie vertina teigiamai, labiausiai jie nerimauja, kai reikia pradėti pokalbį ar išsakyti savo nuomonę, nes mano, kad jų niekas nesupranta. Bendraudami su bendraklasiais, jie jaučia kitų mokinių nenorą bendrauti ir mano, jog su jais sutaria tik kai aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimą turinčių mokinių elgesys būna geras. Daţniausia mokinių nesutarimų su bendraamţiais prieţastis yra patyčios. Dauguma mokytojų neturi neigiamo poţiūrio į aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimų turinčius mokinius. Bendravimo su mokiniais, turinčiais aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimą, nesklandumus mokytojai sprendţia pozityviomis priemonėmis, o efektyviausios, mokytojų teigimu, elgesio valdymo priemonės – pokalbiai su tokiais mokiniais ir nuolatinis mokinių uţimtumas.In the bachelor work were analysed pupil with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder communication problems having at school. Work purpose – to find out pupils with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder communication problems at school. The biggest part of schoolteachers do not have negative view to pupils with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Because of pupils negative behaviour, shoolteachers solve communication problems by positive methods. Most effective methods of behaviour control – conversations and full employment.
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de, Jager Petronella Susanna. "A case study on the impact of sensory processing difficulties on the learning and development of two Asperger's syndrome learners in grade R." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1938.
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Dissertation (Masters in Education (Education and Social Sciences))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009The purpose of this study was to explore the impact that sensory processing had on the learning and development of two Grade R learners that experience Asperger's Syndrome. The present study is grounded in theories originating from the works of Piaget (1973 & 1978), Vygotsky (1978 & 1993), Feuerstein (1980 & 1991) and Erikson (1950). The informal, flexible education experienced in Grade R classes reflects both the OBE curriculum and inclusive education systems found in South Africa. The main medium of learning is through sensory experiences, therefore it was necessary to research how two AS learners would learn and develop and explore their world through their senses. This research approach was purely qualitative. Multi-methods of data collection, particularly interviews and observations were used. The sample size was two independent case studies, using learners aged between five and seven, who had been clinically diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome (AS). The two AS learners both attended mainstream Grade R classes and both had facilitators. The findings of the study answer the key research question: “What is the impact of sensory processing difficulties on the learning and development of two learners experiencing Asperger's Syndrome in Grade R?” The results confirmed the impact sensory processing had on the learning and development of learners experiencing AS. The learners had difficulty learning new skills and concepts. Although they were both bright learners, they were perceived as underachievers. Identifying these sensory difficulties and creating awareness among educators, can have a positive impact on these learners' adaptability in a mainstream school environment. This study recommends that early intervention with AS learners is vital for their future learning and development. The interpretation of body language and social skills of normal learners needs to be taught to learners with AS so they can begin to socialise with other learners positively. Ebersöhn & Eloff (2006) suggest that knowledge of asset-based good practices should be shared with educators and caregivers, so that they can focus on the AS learners' strengths and positive character traits. The multi-disciplinary team need to work together to offer support to these learners assisting them to develop to their full potential
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Hoath, Fiona E. "Feasibility study for an Enhanced Group Triple P-Positive Parenting Program including families with a child aged 5-9 years with disruptive behaviour and attentional problems /." [St Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16764.pdf.
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Thunström, Malena. "Severe Sleep Problems among Infants : A Five-Year Prospective Study." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1631.
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The aim of this thesis was to explore the prevalence of parentally experienced infant sleep problems, with special interest in severe problems, in a total community sample of 2 518 infants aged between 6 and 18 months. Factors associated with severe sleep problems were sought. Parents reported 16 % of the infants to have difficulties in falling asleep at night, and 30 % to have frequent night waking. Severe sleep problems were associated with frequent night meals, psychosocial problems in the family, exhaustion and depression in the mother, and parental stress. An association with infant difficultness, high activity and problematic behaviour was also found.
In a five-year prospective study a group of children fulfilling specific criteria for severe sleep problems in infancy (N=27) was followed after an interventional sleep programme and compared with a control group regarding sleep characteristics, behaviour and development. One month after an interdisciplinary treatment programme, combining behavioural technique with family work, the average number of times the case babies woke up had diminished from 6.0 to 1.8 times per night. A 92 % rate of improvement was reported.
The changes were stable over time. Comparisons with the controls during five years revealed no significant group difference in sleep characteristics. Concerning behaviour and development, however, there were significant differences. At the age of 5.5 years, seven of the children in the former sleep problem group met the criteria for the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. No control child qualified for the diagnosis.
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Foley, Joan E. "Sleep problems and school competence: Transactional relations across middle childhood and the effects on children's adjustment." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/179795.
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Educational PsychologyPh.D.
Despite evidence suggesting considerable overlap between the neurobiology underlying sleep regulation and the neurobehavioral systems regulating attention control and emotional arousal, sleep remains an understudied domain in the quest to improve children's regulation of behavior, emotions, and cognition in support of school competence during middle childhood. Using a large, normative sample (n = 1,057) from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development's Study of Early Childcare and Youth (NICHD-SECCYD), I tested a conceptual model of sleep, school competence, and children's adjustment to address important gaps in our understanding of the direction of effects and interrelations among sleep problems, attention problems, and academic and social competence across middle childhood. I examined the domains for their combined effects and pathways of influence on children's adjustment (e.g., depressive symptoms and feelings about school) at the end of middle childhood--a period just prior to the impending biological and contextual changes associated with adolescence. Using structural equation modeling and repeated measurement at 54 months-of-age, Grade 1, Grade 3, and Grade 5, findings indicated that maternal-reported sleep problems in preschool directly predicted teacher-reported attention problems when children were in third and fifth grade. Findings lend support for models of sleep and neural development that posit adverse early effects of sleep problems on prefrontal cortex (PFC) maturation that aids in the development of attention control. Maternal-reported sleep problems did not predict standardized assessments of reading and math at any time across the assessment period. In contrast, sleep problems predicted teacher reports of children's ability to effectively cooperate and execute positive response strategies with peers. Effective language and cognitive skills are important and necessary for positive peer interactions and problem solving, and sleep problems have been associated with slower growth in language development and memory processes. Both maternal-reported sleep problems and teacher-reported peer relations uniquely predicted children's self-reported depressive symptoms, perceived competence, and motivation and social support in school at the end of middle childhood. Findings lend support for an emotion information processing model of sleep and competency-based models of depression. Academic achievement and attention problems and attention problems and peer relations were reciprocally related at all assessment periods. In support of the academic underachievement hypothesis, academic achievement consistently exerted stronger effects on attention problems compared to inverse relations. Attention problems and academic achievement had no direct effects on children's depressive symptoms or motivation for school, but exerted indirect effects through their effects on peer relations. Despite expected relations, no domain in the present study predicted children's sleep problems. Even though results are somewhat surprising given theoretical perspectives and limited empirical work investigating associations between sleep problems, attention problems, and academic and social competence, this study was novel in its design for simultaneously evaluating effects of these domains together across time. Findings from the present study may fail to align with prior research because multiple domains were allowed to compete with one another in a single model, and shared rater variance as well as prior and concurrent levels of each domain were controlled across the study period. Alternatively, variables not measured in the present study but associated with children's sleep problems, such as child temperament or parenting practices, may be stronger predictors of children's sleep. In sum, results point to the unique associations between children's sleep problems, attention problems, and academic and social competence across middle childhood, and the importance of considering their combined influence on children's feelings of adjustment as they enter the challenging period of adolescence.
Temple University--Theses
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Stenland, Jesper, and Madeleine Svensson. "EFFEKTEN AV FYSISK AKTIVITET FÖR SYMPTOM HOS INDIVIDER MED ADHD." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25208.
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Bakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet har visat sig ha en positiv effekt för både den psykiska och fysiska hälsan. Den kan minska psykiska problem som oro, stress och depression, samt fysiska åkommor som blodtryck, stroke och diabetes. Fysisk aktivitet är numera en allt mer vedertagen metod för att behandla fysiska och psykiska besvär. Individer med ADHD har vanligen problem med hyperaktivitet, impulsivitet, uppmärksamhet, sociala beteenden och kognitiva förmågor.Syfte: Att undersöka den vetenskapliga litteraturen för att få belägg för vilka effekter fysisk aktivitet kan ha för symptom hos individer med ADHD.Metod: I denna systematiska litteraturstudie återfanns via sökningar i databaserna PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct och PsycINFO artiklar som sedan granskades utifrån en bedömningsmall.Resultat: Fysisk aktivitet upplevdes ha en positiv effekt för hyperaktivitet och uppmärksamhetsproblem samt visade sig minska risken för sociala beteendeproblem hos individer diagnostiserade med ADHD. Vidare påvisades att oavsett regelbundenhet eller omfattning av fysisk aktivitet en positiv effekt för kognitiva förmågor hos individer diagnostiserade med ADHD.Konklusion: Den vetenskapliga litteraturen visar att fysisk aktivitet troligen har en positiv effekt för ett flertal symptom hos individer med ADHD. Dock krävs ytterligare forskning i ämnet.Background: Physical activity has been shown to have a positive impact for both mental and physical health. It may reduce psychological problems such as anxiety, stress and depression, and physical issues like high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes. Physical activity is now an increasingly accepted method to treat physical and mental disorders. Individuals with ADHD usually have problems with hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention, social behavior and cognitive abilities.Aim: To investigate the scientific literature for evidence about the effect of physical activity on symptoms in individuals with ADHD.Method: In this systematic literature review articles where found through the databases PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct and PsycINFO witch was later surveyed based on an assessment template.Results: Physical activity was perceived to have a positive effect for hyperactivity and attention problems and appeared to reduce the risk of social behavior problems in individuals diagnosed with ADHD. Furthermore, it was shown that regardless of frequency or extent of physical activity a positive effect was shown on cognitive abilities in individuals diagnosed with ADHD.Conclusion: The scientific literature shows that physical activity is likely to have a positive effect for a variety of symptoms in individuals with ADHD. However, further research on the subject is required.
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Curtis, Kelly L. "A Multigroup Analysis of the Psychological Factors that Contribute to Persisting Working Attention Problems in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Pain." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1429.
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A significant subset of mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI) and chronic pain (CP) patients report, and sometimes show objective evidence of, persisting cognitive problems. Despite differences in injury mechanisms, there is considerable overlap in the types of persisting cognitive symptoms that are reported by the two populations. Psychogenic, rather than physiogenic, factors are thought to play an important role in the maintenance of these persisting symptoms. The current investigation examined the contributions somatization, depression, and anxiety had on an objective measure of “working attention.” In order to best elucidate the influences these psychological factors had on attentional performance, only individuals who passed well-validated and popular indicators of cognitive and self-report validity were included in the study. Two hundred and forty-nine individuals (n = 116 TBI; n = 133 CP) met the inclusionary criteria for the study. Psychological factors were assessed using Scales 1 (Hypochondriasis), 2 (Depression), 3 (Hysteria), and 7 (Psychasthenia) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II. “Working attention” was measured using the demographically-adjusted T-scores for the Working Memory and Processing Speed Indexes of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- 3. Results indicated that a high rate of psychological complications was observed in the mild TBI and CP groups but not the moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (M/S TBI) comparison group. Analysis indicated that psychological elevations were not significantly related to spontaneously-reported symptoms or working attention deficits for the mild TBI group but were for the CP and M/S TBI groups. The current results are important for understanding the psychological complications that may occur in individuals exhibiting persisting cognitive problems in these clinical populations.
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Burke, Christine. "The experiences of mothers whose children take Ritalin for the treatment of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10042005-160338.
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Antony, Jennifer Robin. "Early conduct problems and ADHD symptoms as predictors of various stages of cigarette smoking in a high-risk urban sample /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9069.
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Kemp, Johanna Jacoba. "The efficacy of the Berard Auditory Integration Training method for learners with attention difficulties / Hannelie Kemp." Thesis, North West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12774.
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Research on the Berard Auditory Integration Training method has shown improvement in the regulation of attention, activity and impulsivity of children whose auditory system have been re-trained. Anecdotal reports have found improvements in sleeping patterns, balance, allergies, eyesight, eating patterns, depression and other seemingly unrelated physiological states. During the Auditory Integration Training (AIT) procedure dynamic music, with a wide range of frequencies, is processed through a system of filters in the AIT device. The volume and tone of the music is constantly and randomly modulated.
The researcher explored Berard AIT as a possible intervention for learners between the ages of six and twelve years, who experienced problems with sustained attention and who have difficulty in shifting their attention from task to task. The aim was to investigate if Berard AIT method would enable the learner to stay calm, relaxed yet alert, with focused attention and thus concentration with appropriate reflection before action.
An experimental quantative study, with a pretest-posttest control group design, was
conducted to investigate the effect that Berard Auditory Integration Training has on learners with attention problems. Checklists and different measurements were conducted before the training started and repeated three months after the training was completed, to monitor if any change in the way that the learners pay attention, occurred the case group of ten learners was compared with ten learners in a control group who did not initially receive the intervention. Although the results of the post-tests varied amongst the learners, most learners in the experimental group experienced a statistical significant increase in attention control and a reduction in behavioural problems by the third month following the listening sessions.Thesis (M.Ed.), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010
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Byrom, Nicola. "Towards an understanding of the role of associative learning in risk for mental health problems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2d566024-1215-49e3-b1d6-666a8f99838b.
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The ability to prioritize information enables us to think and take action without being overwhelmed by external stimuli or internal thoughts and feelings. Neuroticism is associated with altered processing of emotional information but differences in the processing of emotional information may arise from basic differences in information processing, such as altered processes of attention, changes in sensitivity to salient information, or differences in the ability to encode conjunctions of information. Through this thesis, I explore the relationship between neuroticism and processing of non-emotional information, with a particular focus on learning about combinations of information. Associative learning paradigms were used to test ability to learn about combinations of information and neuroticism was observed to be associated with strong non-linear discrimination learning. The tendency to focus on specific details was associated with weak non-linear discrimination learning. A novel model of associative learning is presented, offering an account for how variation in the ability to engage in non-linear discrimination learning might be understood. Mechanisms underlying the association between neuroticism and strong non-linear discrimination learning were explored. Neuroticism was not found to be associated with a tendency to focus on specific details or shifts in attention towards goal relevant information. Neuroticism was not found to be associated with enhanced ability to identify feature conjunctions, altered sensitivity to the relative validity of stimuli or pre-exposure of stimuli. The importance of understanding individual differences in processes of associative and the value of associative learning tasks to look at information processing biases underlying neuroticism are discussed.
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Hurtig, T. (Tuula). "Adolescent ADHD and family environment—an epidemiological and clinical study of ADHD in the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514284229.
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Abstract The primary aim of this study was to survey attention and behavioural problems among Finnish adolescents living in different family environments. The second aim was to study the psychosocial well-being of these adolescents. The third aim was to study the psychiatric comorbidity of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in association with the family environment. The fourth aim was to study the persistence of ADHD from childhood to adolescence. In the first phase, 15-year-old adolescents and their parents from the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (N = 9432) completed questionnaires on attention and behavioural problems, family characteristics and the life situation of the adolescents. In the second phase, 457 adolescents aged from 16 to 18 years were drawn from the cohort. After assessment with a clinical semi-structured interview, logistic regression models were used to study ADHD and the persistence of the diagnosis and comorbid psychopathology in association with family characteristics. Girls reported more commonly than boys attention and behavioural problems, while their parents reported more attention problems in their sons than daughters. Living in other than intact families was related to attention and behavioural problems in both genders. Adolescents with ADHD symptoms considered their physical health and psychosocial well-being poor more often than their controls. Psychosocial problems accumulated for those with many ADHD symptoms. Adolescents with ADHD had more commonly than others comorbid behavioural disorder, alcohol abuse and depression. Those with ADHD and comorbidity lived more commonly than others in non-intact families, in low-income families, with mothers who were dissatisfied with life and with parents who showed little interest in their adolescent's activities. Persistence of ADHD into adolescence occurred in about two thirds of cases. Those who persisted with the diagnosis compared to those who remitted it had more dreamy-like inattentive symptoms, and had more often early-onset comorbid depression or oppositional defiant disorder and had more often fathers with attention problems. These results indicate that attention and behavioural problems are common among adolescents in Finland, especially among those living in disrupted families. Being a persistent disorder, ADHD warrants more concern in primary health care and the educational system in order to prevent the concurrent development of other psychiatric and psychosocial problems. In primary health care, family intervention is essentialTiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli ensiksi selvittää suomalaisten nuorten tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmia suhteessa nuoren perherakenteeseen. Toiseksi tutkittiin näiden nuorten psykososiaalista hyvinvointia. Kolmanneksi tavoitteena oli tutkia ADHD:n (tarkkaavuushäiriö) psykiatrisia liitännäissairauksia suhteessa perheympäristöön. Neljäntenä tavoitteena oli tutkia ADHD:n pysyvyyttä lapsuudesta nuoruuteen. Tutkimuksen ensimmäisessä vaiheessa Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1986 syntymäkohorttiin kuuluvat 15-vuotiaat nuoret (N = 9 432), ja heidän vanhempansa täyttivät kyselylomakkeet. Kysymykset koskivat nuoren tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmia, perheympäristöä ja nuoren elämäntilannetta. Toisessa vaiheessa tutkittiin 457 16–18-vuotiasta kohorttiin kuuluvaa nuorta. Nuoret arvioitiin käyttäen puolistrukturoitua kliinistä haastattelua. Logistisia regressiomalleja käytettiin kuvaamaan ADHD-diagnoosia ja sen pysyvyyttä sekä psykiatrisia liitännäissairauksia suhteessa perheympäristöön. Tytöt raportoivat poikia useammin tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmista, kun taas vanhemmat raportoivat tarkkaavuuden ongelmia olevan useammin pojilla kuin tytöillä. Perhetaustaltaan muu kuin ydinperhe oli yhteydessä tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmiin sekä tytöillä että pojilla. Nuoret, joilla oli ADHD-oireita, pitivät terveyttään ja psykososiaalista hyvinvointiaan huonona useammin kuin nuoret, joilla näitä oireita ei ollut. Psykososiaaliset ongelmat kasaantuivat niillä nuorilla, joilla oli paljon ADHD-oireita. Myös käyttäytymishäiriöistä, alkoholin väärinkäytöstä ja masennuksesta kärsivät muita useammin nuoret, joilla havaittiin ADHD. Nuoret, joilla oli ADHD ja edellä mainittu liitännäissairaus, asuivat muita useammin muussa kuin ydinperheessä, alemman tulotason perheessä, äidin kanssa, joka oli tyytymätön elämäänsä tai vanhempien kanssa, jotka eivät olleet kiinnostuneet nuorensa asioista. ADHD-diagnoosi pysyi nuoruuteen noin kahdella kolmasosalla niistä, joilla se oli lapsuudessa. Niillä nuorilla, joilla diagnoosi pysyi, oli muita useammin unelmoivasta hajamielisyydestä kertovia tarkkaamattomuusoireita, varhain alkanut masennus- tai käyttäytymishäiriö tai isä, jolla oli itsellään ADHD-oireita. Nämä tulokset osoittavat, että tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmat ovat yleisiä suomalaisilla nuorilla, ja erityisesti niillä, jotka asuvat muussa kuin ydinperheessä. Koska ADHD on pysyvä häiriö, se tulee ottaa paremmin huomioon perusterveydenhuollossa ja koulumaailmassa, jotta voitaisiin ehkäistä muita psykiatrisia ja psykososiaalisia ongelmia. Perusterveydenhuollossa erityisesti perheinterventiot ovat tärkeitä
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Annikova, Elena. "Public Service Announcement: the way to attract attention to problem in society and to change model of social behavior : a multi methods research, which is combined both of quantitative and qualitative methods, about Public Service Announcement." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12310.
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This multi methods research, which is combined both of quantitative and qualitative methods, is about Public Service Announcement (PSA). This study is aimed to find out if something changes in behavior of people and their attitude to social problem in Russia by an impact of PSA and to understand whereby PSA impacts on changes in behavior of people and rise of attention to social problem in Russia. In order to achieve thesis aims, various types of data presented in this research: a survey of 50 people from different age and sex groups and interviews with a workers of two social organizations. To analyze a data, it were used a univariate and bivariate analysis for quantitative data. Analysis of qualitative data is done in a phenomenological way. According to the results, PSA performs its tasks, something it’s changed in people by impact of PSA, people of all ages noted an influence of PSA on them, they get to know about social problem, begin to think about or changed their behavior, begun to work as volunteers, made a donation. By all this aspects as emotion, feeling, sensation, design, PSA impact on changes in behavior of people and rise of attention to social problem in Russia. PSA impacts across effective psychological mechanism such as an emotional sphere of personality. Psychological aspects can be divided into cognitive and emotional. Emotion is one of the key factors of the PSAs. It is established that emotional memory is much stronger than other types of memory, affects human behavior. Cognitive component is related to how advertising information is perceived by people. All elements like an illustration, title, text, logo, layout and general features of the image determine the overall effect of advertising. PSA is a display of goodwill of society, its principled position on socially significant values. Social advertising can and should be considered as a mode of operation of social services.
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Schottelkorb, April A. "Effectiveness of Child-centered Play Therapy and Person-centered Teacher Consultation on ADHD Behavioral Problems of Elementary School Children: a Single Case Design." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5125/.
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I examined the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy (CCPT) and person-centered teacher consultation (PCTC) for elementary school children identified with clinical or borderline levels of ADHD behaviors on the Teacher Report Form and the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale Revised - Short Form. Additionally, I examined the impact of CCPT and PCTC on the levels of parenting and teaching stress. Due to the current trend to determine interventions that are evidence-based through between-group or single case designs, for this study, I utilized a single case design experiment for which the behaviors of five children were examined. Trained observers utilized the Direct Observation Form in observations of all five students three times per week. Additionally, parents and teachers completed behavioral rating scales and stress inventories at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. To prevent biased observational ratings, observers were blind to the assignment of the five children. Three students participated in 24 sessions of twice-weekly 30-minute sessions of CCPT, and these students' teachers participated in six sessions of once-weekly 10-minute PCTC. Two students participated in twice-weekly 30-minute sessions of reading mentoring, after which they participated in 14 sessions of CCPT. Visual analysis of the data indicated mixed results. Three students demonstrated substantial improvement in the observed ADHD behaviors within the classroom. Results of the parent and teacher assessment data were inconsistent, but did indicate behavior change for some children and a reduction in teaching stress for one teacher. Parenting stress appeared unaffected. Implications for future research regarding the use of single case design, the measurement of student behavior change, and issues of comorbidity are indicated.
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Becker, Stephen P. "Social Information Processing, Comorbid Mental Health Symptoms, and Peer Isolation among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1400676074.
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Lee, Dong Hun. "Comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder problems in children at high-risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a comparison of emotional, psychosocial, and behavioral adjustment /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012580.
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Conte, Deborah A. (Deborah Ann). "Differences in Parenting Stress Between Parents of Children with ADHD, Children with Internalizing Behavior Problems, and Non-Referred Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278890/.
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Recently, researchers have begun to explore the associated impacts of ADHD on parent and family functioning, with an increasing focus on parenting stress. Accumulating empirical evidence is mixed, suggesting that parents of children with ADHD report increased levels of parenting stress when compared to parents of children with learning disabilities, and parents of non-referred children, but report equally stressful parenting levels when compared to parents of children with externalizing behavior problems. Results of the present study comparing reported parenting stress levels between
parents of children with ADHD, children with internalizing behavior problems, and nonreferred children, were partially supportive of results found in past studies indicating higher levels of parenting stress among parents of children with ADHD. However, strong gender effects were found between mothers and fathers, which mediated the overall results.
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Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira de. "Efeitos neuropsicológicos da exposição ao manganês em crianças." Instituto de Psicologia, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/14524.
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FAPESB - CAPES
O Manganês (Mn) é um elemento essencial ao corpo humano. O funcionando do Mn no organismo ocorre através de um mecanismo homeostático eficaz que mantem os níveis deste metal em concentrações ótimas. No entanto, altas concentrações de Mn no organismo podem acarretar prejuízos ao Sistema Nervoso Central, uma vez que, possui um potencial neurotóxico. O excesso de Mn no organismo tem sido associado a prejuízos neuropsicológicos em crianças e adultos. Os estudos com crianças expostas ao Mn retratam associações com a diminuição do desempenho em testes de Coeficiente Intelectual (QI), Desenvolvimento Psicomotor, Memória, Atenção e Função Motora. Objetivos: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o desempenho neuropsicológico e comportamental de crianças em idade escolar e a associação com a exposição ao manganês. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 78 díades criança-mãe/responsável, crianças com idades entre 7 e 12 anos, e residentes em duas comunidades, Cotegipe e Santa Luzia, do município de Simões-Filho, situadas na região metropolitana de Salvador - Bahia, Brasil. Essas comunidades estão sob influência da poluição atmosférica gerada pelo processo de produção de ligas ferro-manganês de uma metalúrgica. Foi aplicada uma bateria neuropsicológica nas crianças compreendendo os domínios cognitivos: Inteligência, Memória, Atenção, Funções Executivas e Função Motora. Os pais ou responsáveis responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ao Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), enquanto que os professores responderam à Escala Abreviada de Conners. Os níveis de Mn foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite e os resultados expressos em μg/g de Mn no cabelo (MnC). O desempenho neuropsicológico das crianças das duas comunidades foi comparado segundo testes estatísticos paramétricos e não paramétricos. Realizaram-se análises de correlação bivariada e análise de regressão múltipla para a investigação das associações entre o desempenho neuropsicológico e os níveis de Mn no cabelo. Resultados: Encontramos um desempenho inferior das crianças da comunidade de Santa Luzia, situada entre 2,5 a 3,5 km da fábrica, em relação à comunidade de Cotegipe situada até 2 km da Fábrica, nos seguintes testes: Fluência Fonológica (p=0,03), Cubos-WISC-III (p=0,04), Dígitos Ordem Indireta (OI) (p=0,002), Cubos de Corsi Ordem Direta (OD) (p=0,006), e maior quantidade de Erros em Nomeação (p=0,047). A análise do tamanho de efeito revelou que as diferenças entre as comunidades foi pequena, apenas a diferença entre o desempenho em Fluência Fonológica obteve uma magnitude de efeito moderada (d de 11 cohen= 0,56). Considerando os demais testes, o desempenho neuropsicológico das comunidades de Cotegipe e Santa Luzia foi semelhante. A análise do desempenho neuropsicológico geral das crianças das duas comunidades evidenciou escores abaixo da média que crianças com desenvolvimento típico em: Cubos (WISC-III), Tempo de Reação e Erros por Ação (TAVIS-III), Produzindo Palavras (Fluência Fonológica) e Soma dos Erros em Inibindo Respostas (NEPSY-II). A análise de rede das variáveis que estiveram correlacionadas significativamente (p<0,05) evidenciou uma rede coesa e com grau de nós interligados alto. As variáveis que apresentaram maior grau de correlações significativas com as demais foram: os escores em Dígitos OI, Cubos de Corsi OI, Fluência Fonológica, e o tempo total do Grooved Pegboard em ambas as mãos. O QI da criança correlacionou-se diretamente e moderadamente com o QI materno (r=0,47; p<0,001). Foram encontradas associações inversas entre log de MnC e os escores dos testes de QI, Dígitos OD e OI e recordação livre imediata em Memória para Lista (NEPSY-II). Observou-se a associação positiva entre log de MnC e velocidade motora, problemas de atenção, hiperatividade e comportamentos externalizantes. Conclusão: Os resultados confirmam que as crianças estão sob efeito da exposição crônica ao Mn advindo das emissões da planta metalúrgica. Concentrações elevadas de MnC foram associadas a um menor desempenho em medidas neuropsicológicas e comportamentais. Os resultados corroboram evidências crescentes que indicam aumento de comportamentos de impulsividade e externalizantes, assim como dificuldade de inibição de respostas, associados a exposição ao Mn e com possíveis efeitos sob o sistema dopaminérgico e de auto-regulação. Manganese (Mn) is an essential element to the human body. The functioning of Mn in the body occurs through a homeostatic mechanism that maintains effective levels of this metal in optimal concentrations. However, high concentrations of Mn in the body may cause damage to the central nervous system, assuming that Mn has a neurotoxic potential. Excess Mn in the body has been associated with neuropsychological impairments in children and adults. Studies with children exposed to Mn indicate associations with decreased performance on tests of intellectual coefficient (IQ), Psychomotor Development, Memory, Attention and Motor Function. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the behavioral and neuropsychological performance in school age children and the association with manganese exposure. Materials and Methods: The study included 78 dyads children-mother/caregiver, children aged between 7 and 12 years old, and residents in two communities, Cotegipe and Santa Luzia, in the district of Simões-Filho, located in the state of Bahia, Brazil. These communities are under the influence of pollution generated by the production process of a iron-manganese alloy plant. Was administered a neuropsychological battery for children including the cognitive domains: Intelligence, Memory, Attention, Executive Functions and Motor Function. Parents or caregivers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), while teachers answered to the Abbreviated Conners Scale. The levels of Mn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace and the results expressed in μg/g-Mn in the hair (MnH). The neuropsychological performances of children of both communities were compared according to parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis were applied to investigate the associations between neuropsychological performance and manganese biomarkers’ levels. Results: We found a lower performance of children in the community of Santa Luzia, located between 2.5 to 3.5 km radius from the iron-manganese alloy plant, in relation to the community of Cotegipe located within 2 km radius of the plant, in the following tests: Phonologic Fluency (p = 0.03 ), Block Design -WISC-III (p = 0.04), Digit Span-Indirect Order (IO) (p = 0.002), Corsi Block - Direct Order (DO) (p = 0.006), and greater number of Naming Errors (p = 0.047). The effect size analysis revealed that the differences between communities was small, only the difference between the performance on Phonologic Fluency obtained a moderate effect size (Cohen d = 0.56). Considering the other tests, neuropsychological performance of both communities was similar. The analysis of general neuropsychological performance of 13 children of both communities showed below average scores than children with typical development in: Block Design (WISC-III), Reaction Time and Commission Errors (TAVIS-III), Word Generation (Phonologic Fluency) and Total Inhibition Errors (NEPSY-II). A network analysis of the variables that were significantly correlated (p <0.05) showed a cohesive network with a high degree of interconnected nodes. The variables that have higher degree of significant correlations with the others were: Digit Span IO, Corsi Block IO, Phonologic Fluency, and Grooved Pegboard total time on both hands. The child's IQ correlated directly and moderately with maternal IQ (r = 0.47, p <0.001). We found inverse associations between log MnH and scores on IQ, Digit Span DO and IO and immediate free recall in Memory List (NEPSY-II). We observed a positive association between log MnH and motor speed, attention problems, hyperactivity and externalizing behaviors. Conclusion: The results showed that the children of these communities are under the effect of chronic exposure to Mn emissions arising from the iron-manganese alloy plant. High levels of MnH were associated with lower performance on neuropsychological and behavioral measures. The results corroborate growing evidence that indicate increased impulsivity and externalizing behaviors, as well as difficulty to inhibition of responses, associated with Mn exposure and possible effects on the dopamine system and self-regulation.
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Whitefield-Alexander, V., and D. J. A. Edwards. "A case of effective single-session treatment for attention deficit and learning problems in a routine clinical practice : the value of a transdiagnostic approach to case formulation." Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008274.
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This article reports a systematic clinical case study of the psychological assessment and treatment of Daniel (9), a coloured South African boy with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (inattentive type). The case is of scientific interest because: (1) there was only a single treatment session, in which contingency management training was delivered to Daniel’s parents and teacher; (2) there was evidence for the effectiveness of the intervention immediately and at two-year follow-up; (3) it documents the transportability to a South African context of an intervention developed by overseas research; (4) it documents the central role of case formulation in the delivery of effective psychological interventions; and (5) although Daniel met the criteria for ADHD, he also displayed symptoms of depression and social anxiety and the case supports the use of a transdiagnostic approach to case formulation. The conscientiousness with which his parents and teachers applied the programme was a major factor in the effectiveness of the intervention, and such rapid impact would not be possible where parents and teachers are unavailable or not co-operative. The publication of systematic case studies such as this one is important for the development of a local evidence-based practice in South Africa.
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Meyer, Eric. "Étude des liens entre les difficultés d’attention et le stress chez les jeunes, de la maternelle à l’université : rôles des comportements parentaux et des problèmes de sommeil." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0305.
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Ces dernières années, la santé des jeunes générations est devenue une priorité et il est important de pouvoir mieux identifier les signes de mal-être et/ou de souffrance des jeunes. L’étude de ces problématiques de souffrance est d’autant plus importante que la réussite des jeunes passe par le fait d’être en bonne santé. Nous avons choisi de nous centrer sur deux dimensions de ces problématiques qui impactent la scolarité et l’efficacité des jeunes de la maternelle à l’université : le stress et les difficultés d’attention. Bien que la littérature aborde majoritairement la problématique des difficultés d’attention sous l’angle du Trouble de l’Attention avec ou sans Hyperactivité (TDAH), elles regroupent également les difficultés pouvant être présentes dans l’ensemble des dimensions cognitives propre à l’attention, et, peuvent être inhérentes à d’autres souffrances psychiques comme la dépression, l’anxiété, les troubles psychotiques. En considération avec la littérature récente, pour nous, les difficultés d’attention correspondent à un continuum dont une extrémité serait le TDAH, pouvant ainsi être défini selon le niveau de symptomatologie du TDAH. Le stress est défini et évalué de manière multiple, selon des marqueurs physiologiques, ou encore par des inventaires d’événement de vie. Pour des raisons théoriques, nous le définissons par le concept de stress perçu et ressenti. Il ressort que les liens entre le stress et les difficultés d’attention ne sont pas clairs. Certaines études mettent en avant un impact du stress sur les difficultés d’attention, d’autres des difficultés d’attention sur le stress. Afin d’approfondir ces liens, nous avons isolé deux prédicteurs de la symptomatologie du TDAH en lien avec le stress : les comportements parentaux et les problèmes de sommeil. Toutefois, il n’existe à notre connaissance aucune étude ayant travaillé les liens entre le stress, la symptomatologie du TDAH et les problèmes de sommeil, et, entre le stress, la symptomatologie du TDAH et les comportements parentaux. Afin d’étudier ces liens et comprendre l’articulation du stress et de la symptomatologie du TDAH (difficultés d’attention et comportements d’hyperactivité), nous avons réalisé trois études: deux en population générale, auprès d’enfants en maternelle (3-6 ans) et auprès d’étudiants à l’université, et, une auprès d’enfant et d’adolescents (6-16 ans) présentant des difficultés scolaires. Nos études montrent que le stress est fortement associé aux difficultés d’attention et moins aux comportements d’hyperactivité chez les 3-6 ans et chez les étudiants. Chez les 6-16 ans, le stress perçu n’est pas associé à la symptomatologie du TDAH au contraire des difficultés émotionnelles mesurées par les parents qui sont associées aux difficultés d’attention et aux comportements d’hyperactivité. Les problèmes de sommeil sont associés aux difficultés d’attention et aux comportements d’hyperactivité chez les étudiants, ils ne sont associés qu’aux comportements d’hyperactivité chez les 3-6 ans et qu’aux difficultés d’attention chez les 6-16 ans. Nos résultats montrent la présence d’une médiation partielle chez les étudiants que nous ne retrouvons pas chez les enfants et adolescents. Les comportements parentaux, principalement coercitifs, sont associés avec les comportements d’hyperactivité et d’inattention. Et il semble que le stress soit un médiateur partiel entre les comportements parentaux et la symptomatologie du TDAH. Ainsi l’ensemble de nos études montrent l’importance de considérer les difficultés d’attention selon un continuum et de tenir compte du stress et des difficultés de sommeil lorsque nous évaluons la présence de difficultés d’attention. Ces deux variables peuvent augmenter la sévérité des difficultés d’attention, pouvant peut-être provoquer un TDAH-like. Ce travail de thèse fait également ressortir un champ d’intervention possible par la prise en compte simultanée des difficultés d’attention, du stress et des problèmes de sommeilIn recent years, the health of younger generations has become a priority and it seems more important to identify the signs of malaise and / or suffering of young people. The study of these problems of suffering is all the more important that the success of young people is through being healthy. We chose to focus our work on two dimensions that impact the education and effectiveness of young people from kindergarten to university: stress and attention difficulties.Although the literature mainly addresses the problem of attention difficulties from the angle of Attention Disorder with or without Hyperactivity (ADHD), attention difficulties also group the difficulties that can be present in all the cognitive dimensions specific to attention, and, may be inherent to other psychological pains such as depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders. In consideration with recent literature, for us attention difficulties correspond to a continuum of which one pole is ADHD, thus being able to be defined according to the level of symptomatology of ADHD.Stress is defined and evaluated in multiple ways, according to physiological markers, or by life event inventories. For theoretical reasons, we define it by the concept of perceived and felt stress.It appears that the links between stress and attention difficulties are unclear. Some studies highlight an impact of stress on attention difficulties and others attention difficulties on stress.In order to understand these links, we isolated two predictors of ADHD symptomatology related to stress: parental behaviors and sleep problems. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies that have worked on the links between stress, symptomology of ADHD and sleep problems, and, between stress, ADHD symptomatology and parental behavior.In order to study these links and to understand the articulation of stress and ADHD symptomatology (attention difficulties and hyperactivity behaviors), we conducted three studies: two in the general population, with children in kindergarten (2 at age 6) and with university students, and one with children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 16 with learning difficulties.Our studies show that stress is strongly associated with attention difficulties and less with hyperactivity in 2 to 6-year old and students. In the age group 6 to 16, perceived stress is not associated with ADHD symptomatology, unlike emotional difficulties measured by parents that are associated with attention difficulties and hyperactivity behaviors. Sleep problems are associated with attention difficulties and hyperactivity behaviors in students, they are associated with hyperactivity behaviors in 2-6 years of age and attention difficulties in 6- 16 years old. Our results show the presence of partial mediation among students that we do not find in children and adolescents. Parenting behaviors, mainly coercive, are associated with hyperactivity and inattention behaviors. And it seems that stress mediate partially the relationship between parenting behaviors and the symptomatology of ADHD.Thus, all of our studies show the importance of considering attention difficulties along a continuum and considering stress and sleep difficulties when assessing the presence of attention difficulties. These two variables may increase the severity of attention difficulties, possibly leading to ADHD-like. This thesis work also highlights a possible field of intervention by simultaneously considering the difficulties of attention, stress and sleep problems
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De, Jager Claire Helen. "The expression of frustration by the child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder within the classroom setting a social work study /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092005-085328.
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Silva, Carolina Feher da. "Abordagem computacional e psicofísica da alocação atencional e tomada de decisão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-04102011-163948/.
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O processo evolutivo deixa vieses no sistema nervoso de forma a optimizar nossas capacidades cognitivas para o ambiente em que evoluímos. Nosso objetivo é criar modelos de vida artificial nos quais a atenção seletiva, a tomada de decisão em sequências binárias e o tempo de reação ao aparecimento abrupto de um alvo precedido por pista emerjam como consequência da evolução. Em nossos experimentos, a atenção seletiva enviesava o processamento de estímulos de forma a dar prioridade aos mais relevantes quando eles tinham relevâncias diferentes. Nossos experimentos de tomada de decisão apóiam a teoria de que o pareamento de probabilidades, estratégia adotada por seres humanos neste tipo de experimento, é consequência da busca de padrões, que decorre da importância que isto teve durante a evolução humana. No estudo do tempo de reação, o comportamento observado em seres humanos só pôde ser modelado em populações de animais artificiais quando existia ruído e eles tinham que selecionar uma ação apropriada entre duas possíveis.The evolutionary process leaves biases in the nervous system so as to optimize our cognitive capacities to the environment where we evolved. Our objective is to create artificial life models wherein selective attention, decision making in binary sequences and reaction time to the abrupt appearance of a target preceded by a cue emerge as a consequence of evolution. In our experiments, selective attention biased stimuli processing so as to give priority to the most relevant stimuli when they had different relevances. Our decision making experiments support the theory that probability matching, the strategy adopted by humans in this kind of experiment, is a consequence of a search for patterns, which results from the importance that finding regularities in our environment had during human evolution. In the study of reaction time, the behavior observed in humans could only be modeled in populations of artificial animal when there was noise and they had to select an appropriate action between two possible ones.