Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Procédés de traitement physico-chimique'
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Loranger, Éric. "Traitement des eaux de procédés par des techniques de séparation physico-chimique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1980/1/030120530.pdf.
Full textCharles, Jérémie. "Procédés physico-chimiques de décontamination et impact des rejets aqueux de la filière traitement de surface : approches chimique et écotoxicologique." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2040.
Full textThe surface treatment (ST) industry is currently undergoing major upheavals, particularly concerning environmental aspects, due to increasingly stringent standards. ST uses large volumes of water and chemicals in its manufacturing processes and its wastewater is acknowledged as being among the most polluting. The main environmental problem facing ST plants is the high pollution load of the effluent they generate. In this thesis, we analyzed and optimized three physicochemical units for the treatment of ST industrial wastewaters. We present the abatements obtained in the levels of pollution after the various chemical optimizations validated in the laboratory and then transposed to the industrial site. To evaluate the utility of each optimization proposal, bioassays using three bioindicators (Daphnia magna, Gammarus pulex, Lactuca sativa) were also carried out on the effluents of the treatment plants. The results showed that discharge waters were characterized by a polycontamination, organic and metallic, highly variable in time. These effluents also presented a high toxicity towards the bioindicators studied. Bioassays confirmed the preponderant role of metal in the toxicity. The optimization of the station and chemical treatment proposed reduced the organic load and the concentrations of metals. Decreasing pollutant concentrations in the wastewaters led to a significant reduction of their toxicity on the three bioindicators. This demonstrates that there is a relationship between “chemical efficiency” and “reduction of environmental impact”
Weiland, Jean-jacques. "Etude physico-chimique du traitement thermique du bois : Optimisation de paramètres du procédé de rétification." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820822.
Full textWeiland, Jean-Jacques. "Etude physico-chimique du traitement thermique du bois. Optimisation de paramètres du procédé de rétification." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820822.
Full textAymé, Jean-Claude, and Jacques Emery. "L'adhésion, élément de bio-intégration des prothèses totales : essais de modifications expérimentales de l'énergie de surface des bases prothétiques par des procédés de métallisation et des traitements physico-chimiques." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN13401.
Full textBibes, Guillaume. "Modélisation de procédés de traitement des eaux et reconstruction de grandeurs physico-chimiques." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2272.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to nonlinear system modelling using Volterra series and to Volterra model inversion in order to restore quantities which are not directly measurable. First chapter is about parsimonious modelling for nonlinear systems. In order to limit the global number of parameters Volterra kernels are expanded on transfer functions instead of generalized function bases, and Volterra model static part is separated from its dynamic part. Second chapter deals with Volterra model inversion. First, we use Tikhonov's regularization method, then we propose two inversion methods using restored input feedback. In order to reduce the necessary computational burden for Tikhonov regularization, we suggest a Volterra model discretization combined with optimization and simulation procedures performed on a sliding window. In third chapter, modelling and inversion methods are put into practice with a chemical process, and a biological process
De, Souza e. Silva Paula Tereza. "Étude des procédés d'oxydation avancés pour le traitement de sols pollués par des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL014N/document.
Full textRemediation of soils contaminated by persistent organic pollutants like Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been widely developed after the discovery of thousands of contaminated sites all over the world. Among the organic pollutants, PAHs are considered as biorefractory compounds, relatively immobile in soils, toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Several techniques have been studied to remove these pollutants from soils, as the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) that have been proposed in recent years. AOPs are considered as an attractive alternative able to clean up matrices contaminated by refractory substances. In this work, AOPs have been studied to assess their efficacy in the oxidation of PAHs contained in four soil samples from Brazil and France. These AOPs were: (i) treatment by Fenton reactant (H2O2 and Fe(II), (ii) Fenton-like reactant, i.e. Fenton reactant without Fe(II) addition, considering that naturally occurring minerals provided Fe(II), (iii) and (iv) the same treatment with UV radiation, so-called photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton like reactions, and eventually (v) potassium permanganate. In each case, the optimal conditions were determined following factorial designs. Moreover, treatment selectivity was investigated, comparing the oxidation of lower and higher molecular weight PAHs. The formation of oxidation by-procducts was also assessed. To finish, the quality of treated soils was evaluated, by measuring the physico-chemical properties and above all by germination and growth experiments with ray grass chosen as a model plant. The objective was to assess if the treatments allowed further revegetation. In all cases, good oxidation results were reached. Concerning the evaluation of soil quality, it was shown that the treatment by KMnO4, was not compatible with further revegetation. Fenton’s reactant had a good effect on soil quality for further revegetation
Remediação de solos contaminados por poluentes orgânicos persistentes tem merecido destaque devido a descoberta de milhares de áreas contaminadas em todo mundo. Dentre os poluentes orgânicos, que merecem atenção encontram-se os hidrocarbonetos políciclicos aromáticos (HPAs) pois são compostos recalcitrantes, relativamente imóvel no solo, tóxicos, carcinogênicos e mutagênicos. Várias técnicas vêm sendo estudada a fim de remover estes poluentes dos solos podendo citar atualmente os Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POAs). Os POAs trata-se de um tratamento alternativo capaz de degradar das matrizes contaminadas por substâncias refratárias. Neste trabalho, os POAs têm sido estudado para avaliar seu comportamento na oxidação dos HPAs em quatro diferentes tipos de solo, originados do Brasil e da França. Avaliou-se como esses processos se comportam em relação a uma antiga e recente contaminação, bem como avaliar a existência da seletividade em relação aos HPAs de baixo e alto peso molecular e identificar a possibilidade de formação de intermediários de oxidação. Também pretende-se analisar a qualidade do solo após o tratamento visando avaliar se este solo pode ser revegetalizado ou torna-se inerte. Os POAs que aplicados nestes solos foram: Reagente de Fenton, Reagente Fenton-like, Reagente Foto-Fenton empregando-se a radiação natural e artificial, Reagente Foto-Fenton like e Permanganato de Potássio. De uma maneira geral, resultados satisfatórios foram alcançados em todos os solos estudados para a oxidação dos HPAs pelos POAs. Em relação a avaliação da qualidade dos solos da França após aplicar os POAs , o tratamento por Permanganato de Potássio não foi compatível com o processo de revegetalização. Já o tratamento por reagente de Fenton foi compatível ao processo e ainda observou uma melhora no crescimento das plantas quando comparado ao solo contaminado
Singlande, Elodie. "Procédés intégrés couplant l’électrodialyse et le traitement biologique : influence de la composition ionique et application au traitement des effluents salins." Toulouse 3, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460904.
Full textThe aim of the study is to evaluate to what extend the treatment of salted liquid waste can be improved by the integration of electrodialysis upstream the biological step. Firstly, a theoretical approach of the different phenomena involved in electrodialysis was used to provide relationships between the characterise parameters of the mass transfer, the operating parameters and the composition of the fluid to be treated. More over, the influence of the mineral ions hydration on the transfer coefficient of the organic matter was emphasized. In this manner, the general character of the solvatation effect, observed with different species, membranes and driving force, was demonstrated. Secondly, we have studied the influence of the ionic composition on the biological activity, characterized by the micro-organisms growth rate. Results have showed the existence of a limit concentration value, above which the specific growth rate decreased. This concentration, which depends on the salt nature, corresponds to an osmotic pressure only value. The demineralisation factor to be reach by the electrodialysis step corresponds to this osmotic value in order to have an optimum biodegradation. Finally, the methodology pointed out with synthetic model waste was validated with an industrial waste
Mielcarek, Didier. "Étude et développement de méthodes d'identification multi-variables : application à un procédé chimique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_MIELCAREK_D.pdf.
Full textOhanessian, Kelly. "Optimisation de filières de traitement des eaux résiduaires industrielles par couplage de procédés physico-chimiques, thermiques et biologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0368.
Full textThe modeling, simulation and optimization of different industrial wastewater treatment processes using the process coupling method were studied in order to compare their purification performances and to evaluate the associated energy and economic expenses. Three effluents characteristic of the microelectronic industry have been selected as example. As a first step, a bibliographic study allowed to determine the input data for each of the streams studied (flow rates, composition) as well as the conventional treatment methods used. The conventional treatment processes for the three effluents were then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the available functionalities of the software (modules, components, thermodynamic model), some processes have been modeled and/or developed on physical, chemical and kinetic data from the literature. In a second step, new treatment streams were proposed for each of the effluents considered. New processes were modeled and then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the effluent considered, the different couplings refined the treatment thus allowing to reach the discharge limits set in a natural environment or in a sensitive zone to eutrophication, but also to reduce reagents and energy consumption, validating the interest of the couplings. Also, the valorization of by-products has resulted in a significant saving on investment costs
Bougrier, Claire. "Optimisation du procédé de méthanisation par mise en place d'un co-traitement physico-chimique : application au gisement de biogaz représenté par les boues d'épuration des eaux usées." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20089.
Full textHarrlekas, Farida. "Couplage des procédés membranaires aux techniques physico-chimiques ou biologiques pour le traitement des rejets liquides de l'industrie de textile." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL008N/document.
Full textThe treatment of textile wastewater is usually done by a set of physicochemical processes coupled with a biological treatment. The effluent quality abides with difficulty the norms for reuse or discharge in environment. Various treatment combinations have been tested such as coagulation-flocculation (CF) and adsorption on activated carbon (PAC) coupled with membrane technologies (microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF)), photocatalysis coupled with a biological treatment (membrane bioreactor (MBR) or a sequential batch reactor (SBR) or a biological and chemical anaerobic treatment. A general comparison was made to optimise the appropriate treatment. The combination CF-PAC-UF is the most effective of non-biological systems in terms of COD, absorbance and turbidity removal. The degradation of an azoïc and a phthalocyanine textile dyes by simple photocatalysis or combined to a membrane bioreactor has been investigated. Photocatalysis was achieved in a falling film reactor containing titanium dioxide fixed on cellulose fibres under UV irradiation. For both biological systems, although biomass was influenced by the variation of dyes concentration and the continuous operating mode for the MBR, it could resist to the applied conditions. However, even after pre-treatment where full decolouration was achieved, photocatalytic by-products were toxic and could inhibit COD removal. Chemical and biological anaerobic treatment have been applied to textile dyes and combined with a photocatalytic process. Photocatalysis was able to remove more than 90% color from crude as well as autoxidized reduced dye solutions. The photocatalytic end-products were not toxic toward methanogenic bacteria
Rybnikova, Victoria. "Couplage des processus de transformation réductive et d’oxydation chimique : une nouvelle approche pour le traitement des composés polyhalogénés récalcitrants." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCR0037.
Full textPolyhalogenated compounds are ones of the 10 most common soil pollutants. Some of them, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are considered as priority pollutants by the Environmental Protection Agency of United States (USEPA) and Europe (EEA). Today there are few viable solutions for efficient degradation of PCBs in soils. The objective of this study was to assess, firstly, the combined oxidation-reduction process for degradation of polychlorinated compounds under different physico-chemical conditions, and, secondly, to study their dégradation under controlled hydrodynamic conditions favorable for treatment (column reactions). Four types of nanoparticles, including the zero-valent iron (Fe0), bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe/Ni), magnetite (Fe3O4) and Ni-substituted magnetite (Fe3-xNixO4) were synthesized and characterized. These nanoparticles were used for the degradation of PCBs and PCP. Three types of reactions were evaluated: (i) reductive dechlorination, (ii) chemical oxidation, and (iii) reductive dechlorination, followed by the addition of an oxidant (i. E. Combined approach). Reductive transformation and/or chemical oxidation of PCBs and PCP in historically contaminated soils were firstly studied in batch conditions. Then, column experiments were carried out to evaluate the degradation in saturated and unsaturated hydrodynamic conditions
Hallack, Ferreira Mônica. "Croissance et inactivations thermique et photochimique de Legionella pneumophila : détermination de constantes cinétiques et procédés de traitement." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1697.
Full textThe epidemics of pneumopathies due to Legionella pneumophila (Lp) are in constant evolution. The ecology of Lp is complex since protozoa and biofilms are usually involved. The aims of this work were to obtain kinetic data of Lp serogroup 1 between 37°C and 60°C in pure culture and to evaluate a new process of Lp elimination by UV radiations. We measured a growth rate μmax of 1. 1 h-l at 37°C as well as the decay constants. Lp growth was optimal between 37°C and 45°C. Cellular mortality exceeded growth at 50°C and increased with temperature. Thermal inactivation was about 9 times greater at 60°C than that at 55°C. UV inactivation decreased by 10 the concentration of cultivable Legionella on Petri dishes dishes after ~ 1 second of irradiation in continuous flow. These results illustrate the need of a rigorous control of temperature as well as the importance of combining different treatments to ensure the disinfection of water systems
Henda, Redhouane. "Dépôts de nitrure de silicium par procédés chimiques en phase vapeur à basse pression et à faible bilan thermique." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT035G.
Full textDal'Maz, Silva Walter. "Mise au point de la carbonitruration gazeuse des alliages 16NiCrMo13 et 23MnCrMo5 : modélisation et procédés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0158/document.
Full textThe development of engineering materials combining both toughness and wear resistance is still a challenge. Aiming to contribute to this field of study, this thesis presents a study of the carbonitriding process of alloys 16NiCrMo13 and 23MnCrMo5. Kinetics of hydrocarbon- and ammonia-based atmospheres, as well as local equilibrium and diffusion kinetics for achieving the enrichment profiles, are studied by numerical simulation. These simulations are compared to chromatography measurements of gas phase pyrolysis products of acetylene and ammonia decomposition, and with metallurgical responses, where the comparison is made with evaluated diffusion profiles, hardness measurements and the identification of precipitates by transmission electron microscopy. Hardness after quench and cryogenic treatment depends on the square root of total solid solution interstitial content simulated by using local carbon and nitrogen compositions obtained experimentally. After tempering, the regions enriched in nitrogen show better hardness stability than those with same total carbon interstitial content, what was linked to a fine precipitation of iron nitrides observed by transmission electron microscopy. Mole balance of pyrolysis products show that the main non-detected species are high-carbon radicals, which may also lead to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of high molecular weight at the reactor outlet. At both atmospheric and reduced pressures, constant concentration enrichment boundary conditions were established by using low partial pressures of acetylene diluted in nitrogen. Pyrolysis of this precursor attains high conversion rates at treatment conditions given the important residence time of the atmospheric pressure reactor. Ammonia decomposition kinetics being much slower than that of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, it was possible to identify the decomposition rate of this species over a metallic sample during a treatment
Laurent, Julien. "Modifications de la répartition d'espèces métalliques (Cd, Cu) induites par des prétraitements physique (ultrasons), chimique (ozone) et thermique au sein des procédés à boues activées." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f5f1c93e-c116-48a4-8c5d-68f8080db2de/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4022.pdf.
Full textThe effect of three disintegration treatments (ultrasound, heat, ozone) used to reduce sludge production in sewage treatment plants on the uptake of cadmium and copper by activated sludge was studied. Pilot studies showed that sonication and heat treatment caused over-accumulation of cadmium in excess sludge and copper leaking through treated effluent. During sonication, the increase of particles specific surface area and the increased availability of negatively charged sites induced an increase of cadmium sorption at floc surface. Precipitation was also favored due to the increased concentration of soluble phosphates. These phenomena were also observed after heat treatment and ozonation but were offset by a decrease of the amount of binding sites. Following the three treatments, copper uptake by sludge was limited due to complexation with the organic matter solubilized during treatment. The development of a sorption model successfully described the affinity between these compounds and copper
Rendek, Eva. "Influence des procédés de la filière traitement thermique sur les caractéristiques et les évolutions bio-physico-chimiques des Mâchefers d'Incinération d'Ordures Ménagères (MIOM)." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0041/these.pdf.
Full textThe waste input and the process technology of the plant appear to have a great influence on bottom ash quality. To better understand how these parameters can affect the residues characteristics, bottom ash from 6 different plants were tested and compared in this study. Bottom ash physico-chemical characteristics were investigated by chemical analyses, and leaching tests. In order to understand their long-term behavior, accelerated ageing experiments and biodegradation tests were also performed. The whole analyses gave complementary information. It was shown that the 6 samples do have different properties. Waste input have a great influence on Cl and S content in bottom ash, as well as on the Ca/Si ratio. The importance of this ratio on carbonation process has been demonstrated. Combustion parameters have an influence on quantity and mobility of the residual organic matter. Biological and physicochemical experiments were coupled with a view to developing a new rapid assessment method of bottom ash quality. Comparative results of leaching tests and biodegradation experiments showed a positive correlation between dissolved carbon and microbial activity. However, quantities of biodegraded or leached carbon are not representative of the samples total organic carbon content. Thermal analysis have revealed the presence of two fractions of organic components, showing different thermal behaviors. One of them can be directly linked to the leachable and biodegradable organic matter fraction. Calorimetric test is then a novel analysis method that allows to provide rapid and global information concerning the characteristics of organic matter in bottom ash and its possible short and long-term evolution
Ben, Nasr Anis. "Performances des procédés physico-chimiques et membranaires pour l'élimination des ions fluorure dans les eaux de forage : application aux eaux tunisiennes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01045117.
Full textHamada, Joël. "Effet de la variabilité intra et interspécifique du bois sur les procédés de traitement thermique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0254/document.
Full textIn the context of sustainable development which has seen the introduction of the biocides directive BPD 98/8/CE in the EU, innovative wood preservation practices such as Heat Treatment (HT) become relevant. Wood HT, also termed wood thermal modification, is a physical modification technology by which wood is heated at around 200 °C in an inert atmosphere. The main purpose of the treatment is to improve the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. Current studies on thermally modified wood (TMW) quality are focusing on treated material, on treatment conditions or on species effect on the end-product characteristics. Relatively little is known about the effect of intrinsic wood properties on its thermal modification. As wood properties vary especially under the influence of human activities through sylviculture, this thesis studied the effect of European oak and silver fir wood density and chemical composition on their thermal modification kinetic. An X rays computed tomography (CT) and densitometer were used to characterize wood samples. Boards were heat-treated by conduction under vacuum using a pilot furnace, whereas sawdust samples underwent thermo-gravimetric analysis under nitrogen. The analysis allowed finding intra- and interspecific variations, especially within growth rings and along radial direction (from pith to bark). Forest management impacted heat modification kinetic of the studied samples, especially in silver fir where fast grown wood was more sensitive to treatment. The finding will be used as additional information to the wood industry which will account for homogeneity of loadings destined to heat treatment
Bazin, Arnaud. "Analyse de procédés de traitement plasma des résines photosensibles à 193 nm pour le développement de technologies CMOS sub-65 nm." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668121.
Full textBiard, Pierre-François. "Contribution au développement d'un procédé de lavage chimique compact. Traitement du sulfure d'hydrogène par le chlore à l'échelle semi-industrielle et de COV odorants par oxydation avancée ozone/peroxyde d'hydrogène à l'échelle du laboratoire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541110.
Full textSchnaffnit, Catherine. "Elaboration de couches minces de nitrure de bore par voie chimique assistée par plasma R. F. à partir de BCl3/N2/H2/Ar : étude du procédé et des propriétés physico-chimiques du matériau." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0125.
Full textTesta, Fabrice. "Développement d'un procédé innovant de retraitement des slurries de l'industrie microélectronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30017.
Full textThe chemical and mechanical polishing is a costly step in the process of microelectronic chips manufacturing. This study aims for recycle the silicate suspension named slurry by membrane processes. Both polishing applications are studied: the silicium and the tungsten polishing. A physical and chemical characterization before and after polishing process shows an important dilution of slurry by deionized water used for wafers rinsing. From CMP machine, a collect segregation of a concentrated effluent is realised by a diverter valve. Ultrafiltration has been chosen to reconcentrate silica but does not permit to recover the chemical compounds of the slurry which are essential to the polishing mainly to the tungsten application. Thus, retreatment process includes a collect segregation at the CMP outlet to decrease the dilution factor of slurry, an ultrafiltration step to concentrate silica and a chemical adjustment step. About tungsten application, the chemical media is more complex and two types of adjustment have been led. Firstly, a mix of POU and retreated slurry has been tested and secondly, an experiment of design with three important compounds of the slurry has been tested. Most CMP parameters are obtained in industrial specifications with the mix of POU and retreated slurry.Concerning the silicium slurry, an industrial prototype is installed and polishing results are similar to the original slurry for a significant wafers number. The industrial agreement is obtained. This prototype allows reaching a 30% decrease of slurry consumption and a 40% decrease of waste waters
Adityosulindro, Sandyanto. "Activation of homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton processes by ultrasound and ultraviolet/visible irradiations for the removal of ibuprofen in water." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17913/7/aditosulindro-sandyanto.pdf.
Full textBassil, Joëlle. "Développement par procédés plasma de polymères conducteurs protoniques de type phosphonique pour piles à combustible." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20029/document.
Full textThe proton exchange membrane is a key component in the PEMFC-type fuel cell; it plays a decisive role as electrolyte medium for proton transport and barrier to avoid the direct contact between fuel and oxygen. The Nafion® is one of the most extensively studied proton exchange membrane for PEMFC applications. However, it has a number of drawbacks that need to be overcome, especially the poor performance at temperature above 80°C. That's why the development of effective and low cost membranes for fuel cell turned to be a challenge for the membrane community in the last years. Phosphonic acid derivatives are considered suitable candidates as ionomers for application in PEMFC at high temperature (> 80°C) thanks to their efficient proton transport properties under low humidity condition due to their amphoteric character.In this work, plasma polymers containing phosphonic acid groups have been successfully prepared using dimethyl allylphosphonate as a single precursor demonstrating the feasibility of plasma process for the manufacture of proton exchange membranes. Moreover, plasma polymers properties have been investigated as a function of the plasma conditions. The evolution of the films growth rate on three different supports as a function of the plasma discharge power is bimodal, with a maximum (close to 30 nm min-1 on Si) at 60 W. The chemical composition of plasma materials (investigated by FTIR, EDX and XPS) is quite homogeneous from the surface to the bulk; it is characterized by a wide variety of bond arrangements, in particular the presence of phosphonate and phosphonic acid groups which are above all concentrated in the plasma film synthesized at 60 W, characterized by the highest ion exchange capacity (4.65 meq g-1) and the highest proton conductivity (0.08 mS cm-1 at 90°C and 30% RH). TGA analysis has shown that phosphonic acid-based plasma polymers retain water and don't decompose up to 150 °C, which reveals a satisfying thermal stability for the fuel cell application. In terms of fuel retention, plasma films are intrinsically highly performing (methanol, ethanol and glycerol permeabilities being 40 to 235 lower than that of Nafion®211). The plasma films were deposited on fuel cell electrodes (E-TEK®) as binding agents. We have noticed that the phosphonic binder has a sufficient proton conductivity to allow proton transport at the electrode-membrane interface.A second part of this work concerns the surface treatment by plasma process of a conventional phosphonated membrane for improvement of thermal stability and fuel retention. TGA analysis has shown a slight improvement of the thermal stability for the treated membrane. Methanol and ethanol permeabilities tests show that the plasma-modified membrane is 2 to 4 times less permeable than the non-modified membrane. The treatment at 60 W shows the lowest fuel diffusion coefficients (DMeOH = 9.10-12 m2.s-1 and DEtOH = 6.10-12 m2.s-1). Fuel cell tests were realized showing better performance for the modified membrane compared to the non-modified one
Onic, Ludivine. "Caractérisation physico-chimique du traitement corona appliqué au matériau bois." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10127.
Full textPuech, Laurent. "Développement de composites polypropylène renforcés par des fibres de chanvre pour application automobile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT144.
Full textDue to the necessity to find alternatives to fossil resources and to reduce the environmental impacts of human activity, a major research effort is currently ongoing in order to develop and increase the use of biobased products from renewable resources, such as natural fibers, in the design of industrial parts. However, many scientific and technological hurdles have yet to be removed so as to promote these products before we can reliably and durably use these fibers in a demanding technical context as in automotive sector. Thus, improving the quality of the interface between natural fibers and polymer matrix is a major challenge, since it constitutes a condition for satisfying the required mechanical performances, such as stiffness, tensile or impact strengths. In this context, the thesis objective was to develop short hemp fibers with controlled and targeted surface properties. Surface-functionalization solutions have been developed, to be used by industrial processes, with the aim of incorporating these fibers in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. Therefore, hemp fibers have been treated according to various functionalization strategies including the use of grafted polypropylene maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA), organosilanes, an amino acid, isocyanates and a polyurethane. Two treatments processes, with low environmental impact, were compared: the direct spraying of functionalization molecules on fibers and reactive extrusion incorporation of these molecules. Reactive extrusion treatments were more efficient than those performed by spraying in the case of PP-g-MA. Three functionalization lanes have been found to be relevant regarding the mechanical properties targeted: i) using PP-g-MA alone in reactive extrusion; ii) spraying-functionalization of an aminosilane or of an amino acid coupled with the incorporation of PP-g-MA into the reactive extrusion. Based on the development of experimental means and specific analyzes, the study of the impact behavior of biocomposites has shown that hemp fiber reinforced composites allow to absorb more energy than PP / glass composites (at identical reinforcing volume rate) for a similar crack length. Also, a finite element modeling of the impact behavior of the studied composites is propounded
Saulou, Claire. "Evaluation des propriétés anti-adhésives et biocides de films nanocomposites avec inclusions d’argent, déposés sur acier inoxydable par procédé plasma." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000315/.
Full textIn the biomedical domain and the food industry, microbial adhesion to surfaces generates multiple negative consequences, in terms of human health, hygiene and safety of processed food. In this context, our approach is based on developing a 316L stainless steel surface treatment, to prevent microbial colonization. The surface modifications, mediated by chemical or physical treatment, did not promote Saccharomyces cerevisiae detachment, evaluated in vitro using a shear stress flow chamber. The interactions between the microbial surface and metallic elements of the passive film were hypothesized to play a predominant role in this strong adhesion. An original and dual strategy, based on a plasma process associating hexamethyldisiloxane polymerization and silver target bombardment in an asymmetrical radiofrequency discharge, was carried out and optimized. Stainless steel surfaces were thus coated with nanocomposite thin films (~ 175 nm), composed of an organosilicon matrix, exhibiting anti-adhesive properties towards S. Cerevisiae, in which were embedded silver nanoparticles, displaying a high antimicrobial reactivity. A large set of complementary analytical techniques, operating at different scales, was used to correlate nanocomposite film characteristics with their anti-adhesive and antimicrobial efficiency. A total inhibition of yeast cell adhesion was achieved, by increasing the matrix polar character, through oxygen addition during the plasma process. In parallel, a 1. 9 log reduction in viable counts was achieved for sessile yeast cells. Further experiments were dedicated to the thorough understanding of cellular changes induced by silver release. A deterioration of the secondary structure of proteins (cell wall, intracellular), combined with ultra-structure alterations, was observed. In addition, the biocide activity of the nanocomposite film was confirmed against two prokaryotic models (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The necessity of a direct contact between microorganisms and coating was demonstrated for a maximal antimicrobial efficiency. Lastly, the durability of the coating properties was assessed through a repeated use of the nanocomposite films. A decrease in the antifungal activity, coupled to an anti-adhesive property enhancement, was noticed and explained by the silver release during the first use
Ndiaye, Amadou. "Planification de traitement physico-chimique par niveaux d'integration differents. Modele act." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077250.
Full textLachaud, Jean. "Modélisation physico-chimique de l'ablation de matériaux composites en carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13291.
Full textCarbon-based composites are used in extreme conditions: Tokamaks, re-entry bodies, nozzle throats. Their walls undergo a surface recession, called ablation, mainly due to some gasification phenomena (oxidation or even sublimation). This work is a contribution to the improvement of the understanding of the near-wall material/environment interaction and to its modeling. Some original gasification experiments have been carried out, modeled, and quantitatively analyzed; a complex multiscale behavior of the materials is observed through their average recession velocity and a surface roughness onset mainly caused by their heterogeneous anisotropic structure. In order to explain these observations, a multiscale modeling strategy has been set up; it follows the characteristic scales of the composites: nanoscopic (carbon texture), microscopic (fiber, inter-fiber matrix), mesoscopic (yarn, inter-yarn matrix), and macroscopic (homogenized composite) scales. The proposed models notably integrate the local recession of the wall, the heterogeneous gasification reactions, and mass transfer. A numerical simulation tool, based on Monte-Carlo Random Walks, has been implemented, validated, and used to solve these models. Under some numerically validated hypotheses, an analytical homogenization provides the effective behavior of the composites as a function of the intrinsic reactivity of their components. The results of these phenomenological models have been validated by comparison to the laboratory experiments and applied for the analysis of actual applications. Physics-based criterions are made available for the choice or the fabrication of ideal materials
Cruz, Garcia Miguel Angel. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des phénomènes d'adhésion bitume-substrat minéral : approche expérimentale et théorique des procédés d'enrobage." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066248.
Full textOur objective is to evaluate the impact of reduction of mixes manufacturing temperature on the adhesion energy bitumen-substrate. It can be noted that the stability of interface bitumen-surface increases when the sulfoxyde, carboxylic and hydroxyle fonctionnalities are present on the bitumen surface. The reactivity scale enables us to conclude that the detachment degree of a bitumen layer from mineral surface is related to adhesion energy of bitumen/mineral substrate. Fundamental knowledge of materials behaviour has become indispensable to predict the influence of water on bitumen-substrate. Dewetting process depends on: (1) hydrodynamic of bitumen displacement, (2) adhesion energy bitumen-substrate and (3) environmental factors. This new approach on adhesion and on dewetting phenomena has been correlated to the mechanical behaviour of bituminous mixes
Desnoyer, Christophe. "Analyse physico-chimique de dispersions liquide-liquide concentrées en electrolytes : application aux procédés d'extraction en hydrométallurgie." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT001G.
Full textRaymond, Christian. "Formation de mésophase et évolution physico-chimique de brais par traitement thermique." Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0157.
Full textRiou, Fabienne. "Procédé de traitement des déchets de circuits imprimés : valorisation par dépolymérisation chimique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0906.
Full textLasledj, Abdelmadjid. "Traitement des sols argileux à la chaux : processus physico-chimique et propriétés géotechniques." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2044/document.
Full textLime treatment techniques have largely been developed across the word mainly in civil engineering works. The context of sustainable development implies to improve the rate of reuse of clay soils in the earthworks. This study demonstrates that whatever the plasticity and poor hydromechanical properties of clay soils, the lime treatment is effective. Experimental results on highly plastic clay soil show that all geotechnical properties progress with the lime treatment: the swelling is eliminated, the plasticity is reduced greatly and the strength increases. Monitoring the physicochemical lime-clay reaction allowe to determine the quantities of lime required for short term and/or long term changes in the hydromechanical behaviour of treated clay soils. The cation exchange pursued by the pozzolanic reactions induced mineralogical, textural and structural changes in the treated soil. New hydrates are formed through the consumption of lime and clay. These hydrates contour the edges of clay particles and formed a layer which coat and provide the link between particles. These changes are well behind improvements in geotechnical properties of treated soil. The research conducted in this thesis shows that the process and the kinetics of lime-clay reactions depend on the exchangeable cation, the amount of lime available, to the curing temperature and the structure of the clay smectite, illite and kaolinite
Chouchene, Ajmia. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de procédés de valorisation de sous-produtis oléicoles par voies thermique et physico-chimique." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703759.
Full textVérilhac, Isabelle. "Etude physico-chimique du traitement de surface par irradiation u. V. De materiaux composites." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2030.
Full textFontan, Philippe. "Etude physico-chimique et impact économique du traitement des effluents graisseux sur l'aire marseillaise." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30048.
Full textThe difficulties encountered by the sanitation companies for the disposal of greasy wastes were the starting point for this study. Greasy residues are mainly generated by the cleaning operations of grease traps installed in the food processing businesses. In 1999, in Marseille, no law-compliant treatment solution was available for this kind of waste. Before considering the creation of a treatment facility, the characteristics and quantities of waste had to be estimated through a survey and a bibliographic study. This project is an inventory of the actual knowledge in the treatment of greasy residues. Only a complete trailing of waste will lead to a satisfactory handling of the waste and will assure the timelessness of the treatment path
Gailliez-Degremont, Emmanuelle. "Polyamines adsorbées sur silice : caractérisation physico-chimique : application au traitement des eaux : étude préliminaire." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-170.pdf.
Full textGendrault-Derveaux, Sophie Gourdon Rémy. "Etude d'un traitement combiné bio-physico-chimique pour la décontamination des eaux polluées en atrazine." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=gendrault_derveaux.
Full textGendrault-Derveaux, Sophie. "Etude d'un traitement combiné bio-physico-chimique pour la décontamination des eaux polluées en atrazine." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0045/these.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the study of a combinated process for the treatment of waters contaminated with atrazine. The treatment consists in a biofiltration ; it uses pine bark as the support of adsorption and the strain Pseudomonas sp. ADP, known for its capacity to mineralize atrazine, using the pesticide as sole nitrogen source. This process aims at a total elimination of the pollutant, recycling pine bark, a by-product of wood industry, at low cost. In a first step, the adsorption assays showed that atrazine was relativelyslightly retained by pine bark, as compared to the adsorption capacity of an activated carbon. This characteristic makes the pollutant easily available for the micro-organisms involved in the treatment. The biological approach in liquid medium showed that atrazine biodegradation could occur under acidic conditions (down to pH 4. 4) imposed by the presence of the bark in an aqueous solution and at low temperatures (until 12°C), allowing the development of the process in rustic conditions: without heating and without buffering. Pseudomonas sp. ADP proved that it was able to survive in the presence of the pine bark organic compounds and metabolize them as a carbon source. Moreover, no other nitrogen source in more of atrazine has to be added during the treatment, otherwise considerably decreasing the mineralization of atrazine. The indigenous microflore of the bark showed a low capacity for the mineralization of atrazine for concentrations ranging from 45 µg. L-1 to 20 mg. L-1. At high atrazine concentration, this effect increases the global capacity of the treatment. The presence of the pine bark microflora was shown to inhibit very slightly the growth of Pseudomonas sp. ADP and its capacity to mineralize atrazine. The study of the combinated process was done in batch and in column experiments. In batch assays, 50% of atrazine were mineralized in 4 days, as the other 50% stayed irreversibly adsorbed onto pine bark and were not available for the micro-organisms. In column assays, the contribution of Pseudomonas sp. ADP improves by 50 to 100% the efficiency of the treatment as compared to the adsorption process. The studied treatment appears be inexploitable for the treatment of waters contaminated with low concentrations of atrazine. However, the combinated process could be considered as a pre-treatment for the decontamination of water highly polluted
Vaillant, Marie-Laure. "Stabilité physico-chimique et propriétés mécaniques d'un verre métallique massif ZrCuAlNi de l'ambiante à 600°c." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10134.
Full textCherif, Ahmed-Toufik. "Etude physico-chimique du transport des acides dans les procédés membranaires. Application à la reconcentration et à la purification des acides minéraux." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20084.
Full textVille, d'Avray Marie-Amélie de. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un outil de simulation de procédés de transformation physico-chimique de matières premières issues des agro ressources : application aux procédés de transformation de biopolymères par extrusion réactive." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECAP0020/document.
Full textThe development of biorefineries requires integrating and optimizing plants and handling a large number of material flows and unit operations. The development of a process simulator dedicated to this field would thus be of great interest. This is what we intended to initiate by relying on the example of the oxidation of biopolymers by reactive extrusion. Reactive extrusion is characterized by a strong coupling between flow, heat transfer and reaction kinetics. This coupling depends on the desired reactions. We here intended to elaborate aflexible model, being easily integrated into a static process simulator, and enabling to reach agood compromise between the predictive character of the model and the amount of experiments required to adjust model parameters. Therefore, we adopted a hybrid modelling approach combining a flow description based on ideal reactors and continuum mechanics laws. Flow is modeled as a cascade of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with possible backflow. Flow rates between CSTRs are calculated using physical laws taking into account the operating conditions and geometric parameters of the equipment. Each CSTR is characterized by a filling ratio, which depends on the operating conditions. The calculation of steady-state filling ratio, pressure and flow rates between the CSTRs is achieved by performing a material balance in each CSTR. Material temperature in each CSTR is calculated through a thermal balance. The chemical modification of the material is described using three reactions: the oxidative depolymerization, the formation of functional groups(carbonyl and carboxyl) and the thermomechanical degradation of the biopolymer induced by heating and shearing. The number-averaged and weight-averaged molecular weight of the biopolymer and the oxidant content in each CSTR are computed simultaneously by applying the moment operation to population balance equations. Viscosity is linked to the mean molecular weight. An iterative algorithm enables to couple material balance, thermal balance and reaction kinetics. The experimental data required for model validation were provided by the experimental platform developed at the CVG (Centre de Valorisation des Glucides,Amiens, France) in the frame of the Synthons program. A method was proposed in order to adjust model parameters with a minimal number of experimental data, enabling to assess the predictive character of the model. Once the parameters were adjusted, the reactive extrusion model enabled to reproduce the experimental results obtained with different raw materials,flow rates, screw rotation speeds, and using two extruders with different size and screw configuration. The integration of the reactive extrusion model into a process simulator - the USIM PAC software - enabled to simplify its implementation. This constitutes a promising step in a perspective of process optimization and scale-up, and enables to simulate a reactive extrusion operation within a global plant simulator
Lecourt, Michael. "Etude de la réduction de la consommation énergétique du raffinage des pâtes chimique par traitement enzymatique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX1A084.
Full textTo produce papers matching with the requirements of paper machines and customers , it is of of the utmost importance to refine bleached chemical pulps. This stage allows modifying the morphological characteristics of fibres, to improve the paper formation and to develop the mechanical resistance of paper. The refining requires up to 30 % of the total energy consumption of a paper mill. Consequently, it is a key issue to look for solutions aiming at reducing the energy bill of this post. In this context, the addition of enzymes in the process could be one of these environmentally friendly solutions. The enzymes chosen, introduced before refining, have a specific action on the fibre wall chemid ll components of bleached kraft pulps which have been obtained from a mix of softwood or fram Brazilian eucalyptus. Results of introducing the enzyme allowed assessment and quantification of the impact of the enzyme treatment on fibre compounds organization and praperties. The consequences of the enzyme treatment differed from an enzyme to another one. Enzymes presenting an activity cellobiohydrolase, xylanase or mannanase had limited effects. Changes were too narrow to be noticed. Xylanase treatment only resulted in an improvement in pulp brightness. Cellulases presenting major endoglucanase activity opened the structure of fibres, increasing the proportion of linked water in the wall and the tensile strength of paper. Observations with electron microscopy coupled with immunolabelling technique showed the penetration of this enzyme through the fibre wall. Nevertheless, in the case of softwood pulp, fibre length dropped. The optimization of the enzyme amount and the mechanical treatment through a reduction of the refining intensity, reduced tear strength losses. In these conditions, if a reduction of 10 % of tensile strength and 13 % of tear strength can be tolerated, 40 % of refining energy could be saved. Ln the case of eucalyptus pulp, endoglucanases generated the most important effects with an improvement of the paper resistance and a better drainage. With an optimizedenzymatic refining, it became possible to reduce the energy consumption by 45 % to reach 4km of breaking length, while maintaining high levels in the other relevant parameters
Rondeau, Anne. "Compréhension du fonctionnement biologique et physico-chimique d'un biofiltre végétalisé pour le traitement de polluants atmosphériques urbains gazeux." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10012/document.
Full textIn town, underground car parks are confined spaces in witch large and complex pollution are accumulated. They are also a source of contamination of the external environment since the treatment of the air pumped out by ventilation system sis not regulated. In the framework of air treatment, using planted biofilter, combining bacteria and plants, is an innovative solution contributing to the improvement of urban air quality by reducing the dispersion of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere. In a « research and development » context, the objective is to understand the biological and physico-chemical operation for improving operational control. This innovative study focuses on the treatment of high volumes of air containing a low concentrations of pollutants, such as NOx, VOCs (about 100 à 200 µg.m-3) through a thin planted biofilter. The use of a pilot-scale unit of biofiltration allowed to evaluate the influence of the plant, as well as the necessity of a fertilization, on the removal efficiency of such a system. In order to maximize the volumes of treated air while limiting the footprint of the planted biofilters, the superficial gas velocity has been increased and the thickness of the packing material decreased. The indigenous bacteria have been characterized by a functional study of the bacterial communities involved in the degradation of NOx and TEX on one part, and by a quantitative and qualitative study of the total bacterial community on the other part, by using molecular biology approaches, such a real-time PCR amplification, and pyrosequencing from metagenomic DNA. Results on pilot-scale unit have shown a removal efficiency greater than 97%, in all environmental conditions tested. Consequently, it seems possible to treat high volumes of air containing low concentrations of TEX through a thin planted biofilter. The presence of plants does not seem to have short-term impacts on the removal efficiency when a fertilizer promotes the nitrogen availability in the packing material. The evaluation of the global microbiological functioning showed the potential of microbial communities in the biodegradation of NOx and TEX in planted biofilters. The indigenous bacterial communities of the packing material and the mound of soil are rapidly able to adapt to the functioning conditions of such a system
Durand, Thibaut. "Stratégies analytiques pour la caractérisation physico-chimique des particules ultrafines métalliques. Application aux aérosols ultrafins générés lors de procédés thermiques (fonderie, projection thermique)." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3057/document.
Full textExpositions to nanoparticles (NPs) are known in industrial hygiene for a long time. Either from primary or secondary sources (industrial processes), these particles have specific properties which imply different toxicities compared to larger particles (micrometric) from the same material. Therefore NPs study requires adapted sampling and analytical technique development and more specifically methods allowing to access relevant information other than total dust mass. The latter seems not be sufficient for toxic effect assessment. Thus, this work has been conducted in order to dispose of analytical methods dedicated to NPs and especially on size-dependent particle chemical analysis. Then, the developed methods have been applied on samples collected either from industrial sites and/or processes (smelter, thermal projection), either from NP generation bench
Camacho, Patricia. "Etude de procédés de réduction de la production de boues par couplage de traitements physique ou chimique et biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0033.
Full textDue to the increased number of wastewater treatment plants, their higher efficiency and more stringent regulations, a great interest in techniques allowing for the minimisation of the sludge production without decreased quality effluent in the past years. The work presented here aims at investigating three of these different techniques. The sludge production of conventional biological wastewater treatment was studied. A sensitivity study with an activated sludge model was realised identify the determining parameters of sludge production which are yield conversion, decay rate and inert organic fraction. The performances of the disintegration techniques were studied to evaluate the specific potentialities in term of: reduction in the size of sludge particles which would enhance the organic matter biodegradability, biological cell inactivation, which is likely to increase maintenance requirements and/or cells decay rate and/or cells lysis. The contribution of the physico-chemical and biological processing of organic and mineral matter was then studied during continuous experiments carried out at the pilot scale. In this view, physico-chemical treatments of sludge were associated with wastewater biological treatment. The combination of the results obtained under discontinuous and continuous experiments results allowed for a partial analysis of the physico-chemical treatment action mechanisms. To reach a significant minimisation of sludge production, physical- or chemical- treatment should : increase the maintenance requirements, increase biodegradability of organic matter accumulated during the wastewater treatment, probably, modify the chemical structure
Oliveira, Pedro. "Des propriétés morphologiques des flocs biologiques aux conditions de fonctionnement de systèmes à boues activées." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20946/3/OLIVEIRA_Pedro_20946.pdf.
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