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Journal articles on the topic 'Procedural programming'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

White, Garry, and Marcos Sivitanides. "Cognitive Differences Between Procedural Programming and Object Oriented Programming." Information Technology and Management 6, no. 4 (October 2005): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10799-005-3899-2.

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2

Leask, Sam, and Brian Logan. "Programming Agent Deliberation Using Procedural Reflection." Fundamenta Informaticae 158, no. 1-3 (February 9, 2018): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2018-1643.

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3

Schor, Marshall I. "Declarative Knowledge Programming: Better Than Procedural?" IEEE Expert 1, no. 1 (April 1986): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mex.1986.5006497.

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4

Rondogiannis, P. "Adding multidimensionality to procedural programming languages." Software: Practice and Experience 29, no. 13 (November 1999): 1201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199911)29:13<1201::aid-spe278>3.0.co;2-0.

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5

Eid, Chaker, and Richard Millham. "Which Introductory Programming Approach Is Most Suitable For Students: Procedural Or Visual Programming?" American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 5, no. 2 (February 9, 2012): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v5i2.6819.

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In this paper, we discuss the visual programming approach to teaching introductory programming courses and then compare this approach with that of procedural programming. The involved cognitive levels of students, as beginning students are introduced to different types of programming concepts, are correlated to the learning processes of programming. Our hypothesis is that if beginning students are introduced to programming concepts by means of a console-based procedural programming approach, they perform better in subsequent visual programming higher level courses. The performance of two groups of students, one group who began with the console-based procedural programming approach and then advanced to a higher level visual programming course and the other group which began with a lower level visual programming course before proceeding to the same higher level visual programming course, is measured, analysed, and the results are reported, with statistical analysis, and correlated to the hypothesis.

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Khan, E. H., M. Al-A'ali, and M. R. Girgis. "Object-oriented programming for structured procedural programmers." Computer 28, no. 10 (1995): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2.467579.

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7

Hewgill, Adam, and Brian J. Ross. "Procedural 3D texture synthesis using genetic programming." Computers & Graphics 28, no. 4 (August 2004): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2004.04.012.

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8

Symes, D. M. "Procedural operators considered as fundamental programming devices." Computer Languages 10, no. 2 (January 1985): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0096-0551(85)90001-3.

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Sano, Yuya, and Koji Kagawa. "Design of a Programming Environment for Non-Procedural Programming Languages using Blockly." International Journal of E-Learning and Educational Technologies in the Digital Media 5, no. 3 (2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17781/p002614.

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Bhatti, Zeeshan, Asadullah Shah, Ahmad Waqas, and Mostafa Karbasi. "Automated Animation of Quadrupeds Using Procedural Programming Technique." Asian Journal of Scientific Research 8, no. 2 (March 15, 2015): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajsr.2015.165.181.

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Stanimirovic, Predrag, Milan Tasic, Predrag Krtolica, and Nikolas Karampetakis. "Generalized inversion by interpolation." Filomat 21, no. 1 (2007): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil0701067s.

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We investigate two algorithms for computing the Moore-Penrose and Drazin inverse of a given one-variable polynomial matrix by interpolation. These algorithms differ in the method used for constant matrices inverses computing. The first algorithm uses the Grevile?s method, and the second one uses the Leverrier-Faddeev method and its generalization. These algorithms are especially useful for symbolic computation in procedural programming languages. We compare results by implementing the algorithms in the programming package MATHEMATICA and in the procedural programming languages DELPHI and C++.

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Seidman, Robert H. "Computer Programming and Logical Reasoning: Unintended Cognitive Effects." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 18, no. 2 (December 1989): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/myuy-g56t-226t-pvt0.

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Recent research results having to do with explicit instruction in computer programming and cognitive skills indicate an increased emphasis upon the structure of the learning environment surrounding programming languages. A new research direction concerned with transfer effects due to environmental aspects of programming instruction is emerging. A conceptual analysis of the syntax and semantics of the IF-THEN [ELSE] conditional command is presented which suggests that mastering a procedural language itself (independent of environment) might have unintended, indirect, and potentially negative effects upon fundamental intellectual skills. Research is reported which suggests that there are unintended side-effects upon childrens' conditional reasoning ability due to learning a procedural computer programming language.

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Lin, Yu-Tzu, Cheng-Chih Wu, and Chiung-Fang Chiu. "The Use of Wiki in Teaching Programming." International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 16, no. 3 (July 2018): 18–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2018070102.

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This article explores the feasibility of employing cooperative program editing tools in teaching programming. A quasi-experimental study was conducted, in which the experimental group co-edited the programs with peers using the wiki. The control group co-edited the programs with peers using only the face-to-face approach. The findings show that the co-editing platform was effective in assisting collaborative learning of programming, especially for program implementation. By observing editing histories, students could compare programs and then reflect more deeply about programming. The use of the wiki history tool also helped to illuminate nonlinear and dynamic procedures utilized in programming. Students who engaged more in the collaborative programming or interacted more with partners on the wiki showed greater program implementation achievements. The major benefit of using the wiki was the enhanced ability to observe the dynamic programming procedure and to encounter programming conflicts, which contributed to the process of procedural knowledge acquisition and elaboration.

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Tijani, Fatimah, Ronel Callaghan, and Rian de Villers. "An Investigation into Pre-service Teachers’ Experiences While Transitioning from Scratch Programming to Procedural Programming." African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 24, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2020.1820798.

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15

Subandijo, Subandijo. "Paradigma Bahasa Pemrograman." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v2i2.2818.

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This article discusses several paradigms used in developing computer programs which is varied from the classical – goto programming, until the modern one – object oriented programming. In addition, the main features of each paradigm, the advantages and disadvantages of each paradigm and the comparation of procedural programming, the object oriented programming, and an additional feature like generic programming for the object oriented programming are also discussed in this article.

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Khairunnisa and Darhim. "Analysis of students’ conceptual and procedural understanding of linear programming." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1280 (November 2019): 042018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1280/4/042018.

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17

BUNKE, H., and J. DVORAK. "RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM SHELLS—NEW SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR PATTERN RECOGNITION?" International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 03, no. 01 (March 1989): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001489000085.

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In this paper, we discuss how rule based expert system shells can be used in pattern recognition for the implementation of algorithms which are procedurally oriented in their nature rather than rule based, and have traditionally been implemented in procedural programming languages. Particular examples include finite state automata, context free parsing, string matching, graph matching and discrete relaxation.

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Dzhidzhoyev, Vladislav Muratovich, Ruben Arturovich Buchatskiy, Michael Vyacheslavovich Pantilimonov, and Alexander Nikolaevich Tomilin. "Dynamic Compilation of User-Defined Functions in PL/pgSQL Language." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 32, no. 5 (2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2020-32(5)-5.

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Many modern RDBMS provide procedural extensions for SQL programming language, which allow users to perform server-side complex computations. Use of such extensions improves modularity and code reuse, simplifies programming of application logic, and helps developers to avoid network overhead and enhance performance. Interpretation is mostly used to execute SQL queries and procedural extensions code, resulting in significant computational overhead because of indirect function calls and performing of generic checks. Moreover, most RDBMS use different engines for SQL queries execution and procedural extensions code execution, and it is necessary to perform additional computations to switch between different engines. Thus, interpretation of SQL queries combined with interpretation of procedural extensions code may drastically degrade performance of RDBMS. One solution is to use a dynamic compilation technique. In this paper, we describe the technique of dynamic compilation of PL/pgSQL procedural language for the PostgreSQL database system using LLVM compiler infrastructure. Dynamic compiler of PL/pgSQL procedural language is developed as part of PostgreSQL queries dynamic compiler. Proposed technique helps to get rid of computational overhead caused by interpretation usage. Synthetic performance tests show that the developed solution speeds up SQL queries execution by several times.

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LE, VAN HUNG, FEI LIU, and DINH KHANG TRAN. "Fuzzy linguistic logic programming and its applications." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 9, no. 3 (May 2009): 309–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068409003779.

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AbstractThe paper introduces fuzzy linguistic logic programming, which is a combination of fuzzy logic programming, introduced by P. Vojtáš, and hedge algebras in order to facilitate the representation and reasoning on human knowledge expressed in natural languages. In fuzzy linguistic logic programming, truth values are linguistic ones, e.g., VeryTrue, VeryProbablyTrue and LittleFalse, taken from a hedge algebra of a linguistic truth variable, and linguistic hedges (modifiers) can be used as unary connectives in formulae. This is motivated by the fact that humans reason mostly in terms of linguistic terms rather than in terms of numbers, and linguistic hedges are often used in natural languages to express different levels of emphasis. The paper presents: (a) the language of fuzzy linguistic logic programming; (b) a declarative semantics in terms of Herbrand interpretations and models; (c) a procedural semantics which directly manipulates linguistic terms to compute a lower bound to the truth value of a query, and proves its soundness; (d) a fixpoint semantics of logic programs, and based on it, proves the completeness of the procedural semantics; (e) several applications of fuzzy linguistic logic programming; and (f) an idea of implementing a system to execute fuzzy linguistic logic programs.

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20

Sharma, Manik, Chandni Sharma, Ankur Bhardwaj, Navpreet Singh, and Lakhbir Singh. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STATIC METRICS OF PROCEDURAL AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 1 (February 2, 2012): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v2i1.2607.

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The goal of this study is to compute and analyze an assortmentof static software metrics for different programming methods ortechniques. Software engineering is branch of Computer Sciencethat deals with an effective development and analysis ofsoftware product. Software engineering provides the concept ofmetrics with the help of which the complete investigation ofcode can be done in static or in dynamic way. The staticmetrics helps in measuring the effectiveness of code withoutexecuting the actual program. In this study the focus is given onanalyzing the different programming methods like function,constructor, overloading and virtual functions.

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21

Smith, Adam M., and Michael Mateas. "Answer Set Programming for Procedural Content Generation: A Design Space Approach." IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games 3, no. 3 (September 2011): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2011.2158545.

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22

Jain, Mansee, Devashish Puri, and Ahmad Shah Abdali. "Developing High Performance Web Execution Model Using OOPS and Procedural Programming." International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 9, no. 7 (July 31, 2015): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2015.9.7.07.

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23

Barros, Alistair, Chun Ouyang, and Fuguo Wei. "Static Analysis for Improved Modularity of Procedural Web Application Programming Interfaces." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 128182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3008904.

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24

Cirak, Fehmi, and Julian C. Cummings. "Generic programming techniques for parallelizing and extending procedural finite element programs." Engineering with Computers 24, no. 1 (May 22, 2007): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00366-007-0058-x.

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25

COSTANTINI, STEFANIA. "SEMANTICS OF A METALOGIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 01, no. 03 (September 1990): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054190000175.

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This paper presents the declarative and procedural semantics of Reflective Prolog, a new logic language able to represent metaknowledge and use it in the proof process via an extended resolution procedure including forms of implicit reflection. The declarative semantics of a Reflective Prolog definite program is provided in terms of the Least Reflective Herbrand Model of the program, characterized by means of a suitable mapping. The extended resolution is then shown to be sound and complete with respect to the Least Reflective Herband Model.

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26

P. Rose, Simon, M. P. Jacob Habgood, and Tim Jay. "Designing a Programming Game to Improve Children’s Procedural Abstraction Skills in Scratch." Journal of Educational Computing Research 58, no. 7 (June 23, 2020): 1372–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633120932871.

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The recent shift in compulsory education from ICT-focused computing curricula to informatics, digital literacy and computer science, has resulted in children being taught computing using block-based programming tools such as Scratch, with teaching that is often limited by school resources and teacher expertise. Even without these limitations, Scratch users often produce code with ‘code smells’ such as duplicate blocks and long scripts which impact how they understand and debug projects. These code smells can be removed using procedural abstraction, an important concept in computer science rarely taught to this age group. This article describes the design of a novel educational block-based programming game, Pirate Plunder, which concentrates on how procedural abstraction is introduced and reinforced. The article then reports an extended evaluation to measure the game’s efficacy with children aged 10 and 11, finding that children who played the game were then able to use procedural abstraction in Scratch. The article then uses game analytics to explore why the game was effective and gives three recommendations for educational game design based on this research: using learning trajectories and restrictive success conditions to introduce complex content, increasing learner investment through customisable avatars and suggestions for improving the evaluations of educational games.

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27

Kazimoglu, Cagin, Mary Kiernan, Liz Bacon, and Lachlan MacKinnon. "Understanding Computational Thinking before Programming." International Journal of Game-Based Learning 1, no. 3 (July 2011): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2011070103.

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This paper outlines an innovative game-based approach to learning introductory programming that is grounded in the development of computational thinking at an abstract conceptual level, but also provides a direct contextual relationship between game-play and learning traditional introductory programming. The paper proposes a possible model for, and guidelines in support of, this games-based approach contextualized by an analysis of existing research into the issues of learning programming and game based learning approaches. Furthermore, the proposed game-based learning model focuses not only on procedural and applied knowledge and associated skills acquisition in computational thinking, but also provides contextualised theoretical knowledge on Computer Science concepts. By way of illustration, the authors introduce a game prototype currently being developed to combine a puzzle solving game-play that uses Computer Science concepts as the game elements.

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Petrlik, Iván, Ciro Rodriguez, Pedro Lezama, Ricardo Inquilla, Manuel Hilario, and Enma Vásquez. "Online Assessment System in Improving Programming Student Learning." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 5025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9336.

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In this work, research aimed to determine the influence of the design and implementation of an online evaluation system for student learning at a university in Lima. An online evaluation system with web technology was designed and implemented that is comprised of supervised and exercise qualification exams, where students answer questions with the optional use of aids that allowed them to improve their results. It was worked with a population of 30 students of the Programming Language I subject to the Systems Engineering degree. The type of research was applied, and the design was quasi-experimental, and an entry test (pre-test) and exit test (post-test) were also applied. Likewise, instruments such as questionnaires, evaluation form, and validity and reliability tests were used in each case that allowed to know the information of the respective work. The results of the hypotheses indicate that there are significant differences in general learning, learning of conceptual, procedural and attitudinal content after applying the Online Evaluation System in the results of the input and output evaluation (p<0.05) the average of the Post Test being higher (p = 0.000); therefore, it is concluded that the system improves the evaluation of declarative, procedural and attitudinal learning.

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Jordan, Howell, Goetz Botterweck, John Noll, Andrew Butterfield, and Rem Collier. "A feature model of actor, agent, functional, object, and procedural programming languages." Science of Computer Programming 98 (February 2015): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2014.02.009.

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30

Poulin-Dubois, Diane, Catherine A. McGilly, and Thomas R. Shultz. "Psychology of Computer Use: X. Effect of Learning Logo on Children's Problem-Solving Skills." Psychological Reports 64, no. 3_suppl (June 1989): 1327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1327.

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A natural experiment was used to determine whether learning the computer language Logo improves children's problem-solving strategies outside of the Logo context. 8-yr.-olds who learned Logo in school were found to use both debugging techniques and procedurality in their computer programming. They and a group of control children of the same age were pre- and posttested on a game requiring debugging skills (Mastermind) and another game requiring procedural skills (Tower of Hanoi). Boys, but not girls, trained in Logo showed an improvement in debugging skills relative to the control children. Improvement in procedural skills was not related to training in Logo. The results were discussed in terms of distance of transfer, degree of expertise, and the basis of sex differences in computer programming.

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31

Kaplovitch, Eric, Mirek Otremba, Matthew Morgan, and Luke A. Devine. "Cost-Efficient Medical Education: An Innovative Approach to Creating Educational Products." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00155.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Cost is a barrier to creating educational resources, and new educational initiatives are often limited in distribution. Medical training programs must develop strategies to create and implement cost-effective educational programming. Objective We developed high-quality medical programming in procedural instruction with efficient economics, reaching the most trainees at the lowest cost. Methods The Just-In-Time online procedural program was developed at the University of Toronto in Canada, aiming to teach thoracentesis, paracentesis, and lumbar puncture skills to internal medicine trainees. Commercial vendors quoted between CAD $50,000 and $100,000 to create 3 comprehensive e-learning procedural modules—a cost that was prohibitive. Modules were therefore developed internally, utilizing 4 principles aimed at decreasing costs while creating efficiencies: targeting talent, finding value abroad, open source expansion, and extrapolating efficiency. Results Procedural modules for thoracentesis, paracentesis, and lumbar puncture were created for a total cost of CAD $1,200, less than 3% of the anticipated cost in utilizing traditional commercial vendors. From November 2016 until October 2018, 1800 online instructional sessions have occurred, with over 3600 pageviews of content utilized. While half of the instructional sessions occurred within the city of Toronto, utilization was documented in 10 other cities across Canada. Conclusions The Just-in-Time online instructional program successfully created 3 procedural modules at a fraction of the anticipated cost and appeared acceptable to residents based on website utilization.

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32

KEEP, ANDREW W., and R. KENT DYBVIG. "A run-time representation of scheme record types." Journal of Functional Programming 24, no. 6 (September 1, 2014): 675–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796814000203.

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AbstractThe Revised6 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme added a mechanism to the Scheme programming language for creating new record types procedurally. While many programming languages support user defined, structured data types, these are usually handled syntactically, so that the compiler can make choices at compile time about the memory layout of these data types. The procedural record types in Scheme, however, can be constructed at run time, making the efficient run-time representation of record types important to ensure good run-time performance. The run-time representation used in our implementation provides an extended model for record types allowing record types to represent foreign scalar data types, e.g., machine word integers, and allows the base record type to be extended to create non-R6RS record-type systems. This article describes our run-time representation for record types, how the garbage collector handles foreign scalar data types, and includes extended record type systems both for an object-oriented programming model and a representation of foreign structured data types.

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33

Kumaran, Santhosh, and Michael J. Quinn. "Towards Architecture-Adaptable Parallel Programming." Scientific Programming 6, no. 2 (1997): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/586912.

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Parallel processing is facing a software crisis. The primary reasons for this crisis are the short life span and small installation base of parallel architectures. In this article, we propose a solution to this problem in the form of an architecture-adaptable programming environment. Our method is different from high-level procedural programming languages in two ways: (1) our system automatically selects the appropriate parallel algorithm to solve the given problem efficiently on the specified architecture; (2) by using a divide-and-conquer template as the basic mechanism for achieving parallelism, we considerably simplify the implementation of the system on a new platform. There is a trade-off, however: the loss of generality. From a pragmatic point of view, this is not a major liability since our strategy will be useful in building domain-specific problem solving environments and application-oriented compilers, which can be easily and effectively ported to diverse architectures. We give preliminary results from a case study in which our method is used to adapt the parallel implementations of the conjugate gradient algorithm on a multiprocessor, a multicomputer, and a workstation network.

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KAMINSKI, TOBIAS, THOMAS EITER, and KATSUMI INOUE. "Exploiting Answer Set Programming with External Sources for Meta-Interpretive Learning." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 18, no. 3-4 (July 2018): 571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068418000261.

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AbstractMeta-Interpretive Learning (MIL) learns logic programs from examples by instantiating meta-rules, which is implemented by the Metagol system based on Prolog. Viewing MIL-problems as combinatorial search problems, they can alternatively be solved by employing Answer Set Programming (ASP), which may result in performance gains as a result of efficient conflict propagation. However, a straightforward ASP-encoding of MIL results in a huge search space due to a lack of procedural bias and the need for grounding. To address these challenging issues, we encode MIL in the HEX-formalism, which is an extension of ASP that allows us to outsource the background knowledge, and we restrict the search space to compensate for a procedural bias in ASP. This way, the import of constants from the background knowledge can for a given type of meta-rules be limited to relevant ones. Moreover, by abstracting from term manipulations in the encoding and by exploiting the HEX interface mechanism, the import of such constants can be entirely avoided in order to mitigate the grounding bottleneck. An experimental evaluation shows promising results.

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Samsuddoha, Md, MdSaeed Siddik, Md Selim, and ShahMostafa Khaled. "EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO VALIDATE HEURISTIC ALGORITHMS FOR PROCEDURAL PROGRAMMING TO OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN MIGRATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/5298.

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36

Besley, John, and Janie Diels. "Public Meetings in Entertainment Television Programming: Using Procedural Justice to Analyze Fictional Civic Participation." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 53, no. 3 (July 2009): 419–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08838150903102402.

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37

Koubek, R., G. Salvendy, and H. Dunsmore. "Cap: A Knowledge Extraction Methodology for Computer Programming." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 5 (September 1986): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000519.

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A current bottleneck In the automation of software Is the lack of available, standardized, reliable and valid methods for extracting knowledge from expert programmers. This paper discusses the development of Computer Aided Protocol (CAP) to automatically collect the general and specific cognitive task components of a programmer. Results Indicate that CAP was able to collect lower level goals while protocol analysis collected only 56 percent of these lower level goals. However, protocol analysis was able to obtain significantly more procedural knowledge relating to cognitive states of the subject and more high level goals than CAP (F(1,8)=11.23; p<.004). This work suggests that the integration of the information derived from both protocol and CAP for knowledge extraction would provide more effective information for the development of expert systems than is feasible with either system alone.

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Abdurazakov, M. M., D. D. Gadjiev, and A. R. Yesayan. "LOGO ELEMENTS IN GEOGEBRA." Informatics and education, no. 4 (June 24, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32517/0234-0453-2019-34-4-38-48.

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The presented topic deserves attention because of its extreme usefulness, simplicity of its impact on the initial training in programming. This article discusses the basics of programming and features of work in the Logo environment, focused on the education and use of information technology, includes tools that allow you to display images in the style of commands of the Logo programming language. The inclusion of the elements of the Logo environment and the recursiveness underlying this language into interactive mathematical environments, for example, in GeoGebra, allow learners to create programs for solving a particular class of problems, which allows us to speak about the object approach when studying the content line of the school informatics course “Basics of algorithms and programming”, and the procedural programming approach characteristic of the Logo environment allows the formation of the corresponding features (logical, algorithmic thinking of students). A sufficiently easy to learn programming language in the Logo environment allows students to create programs and demonstrate unlimited possibilities for implementing mnemonics. The examples are series of simple examples of execution of command systems by the virtual executor “turtle” and the results demonstrating the creation of images with the help of a turtle are given.

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WARREN, DAVID S. "Top-down and Bottom-up Evaluation Procedurally Integrated." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 18, no. 3-4 (July 2018): 706–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068418000194.

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AbstractThis paper describes how the Logic Programming System XSB combines top-down and bottom-up computation through the mechanisms of variant tabling and subsumptive tabling with abstraction, respectively.It is well known that top-down evaluation of logical rules in Prolog has a procedural interpretation as recursive procedure invocation (Kowalski 1986). Tabling adds the intuition of short-circuiting redundant computations (Warren 1992). This paper shows how to introduce into tabled logic program evaluation a bottom-up component, whose procedural intuition is the initialization of a data structure, in which a relation is initially computed and filled, on first demand, and then used throughout the remainder of a larger computation for efficient lookup. This allows many Prolog programs to be expressed fully declaratively, programs which formerly required procedural features, such as assert, to be made efficient.

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YUEN, TIMOTHY T., MARITZA REYES, and YUANLIN ZHANG. "Introducing Computer Science to High School Students Through Logic Programming." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 204–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068418000431.

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AbstractThis paper investigates how high school students in an introductory computer science (CS) course approach computing in the logic programming (LP) paradigm. This qualitative study shows how novice students operate within the LP paradigm while engaging in foundational computing concepts and skills: students are engaged in a cyclical process of abstraction, reasoning, and creating representations of their ideas in code while also being informed by the (procedural) requirements and the revision/debugging process. As these computing concepts and skills are also expected in traditional approaches to introductory K-12 CS courses, this paper asserts that LP is a viable paradigm choice for high school novices.

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Biancardo, Salvatore Antonio, Alessandra Capano, Sara Guerra de Oliveira, and Andrej Tibaut. "Integration of BIM and Procedural Modeling Tools for Road Design." Infrastructures 5, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5040037.

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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a design and management methodology strongly used in the Industry of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC). It allows the creation of a 3D model through parametric modelling in a workflow that updates data, geometry and semantics using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply a BIM method for road infrastructures. The creation of the BIM 3D models was carried out using different visual programming software and BIM tools, designing the spatial and parametric representation of the roadway. This way, it has been possible to discover the advantages of using procedural modelling to design road infrastructure through software that are usually used in the mechanical and architectural field. Finally, the interoperability of the software to extract and exchange information between these BIM tools was assessed.

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D. Crabtree, John, and Xihui "Paul" Zhang. "Recognizing and Managing Complexity: Teaching Advanced Programming Concepts and Techniques Using the Zebra Puzzle." Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 14 (2015): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2263.

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Teaching advanced programming can be a challenge, especially when the students are pursuing different majors with diverse analytical and problem-solving capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the efficacy of using a particular problem as a vehicle for imparting a broad set of programming concepts and problem-solving techniques. We present a classic brain teaser that is used to communicate and demonstrate advanced software development concepts and techniques. Our results show that students with varied academic experiences and goals, assuming at least one procedural/structured programming pre-requisite, can benefit from and also be challenged by such an exercise. Although this problem has been used by others in the classroom, we believe that our use of this problem in imparting such a broad range of topics to a diverse student population is unique.

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EBERBACH, EUGENIUSZ. "SEMAL: A COST LANGUAGE BASED ON THE CALCULUS OF SELF-MODIFIABLE ALGORITHMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 04, no. 03 (September 1994): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194094000192.

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The design, specification, and preliminary implementation of the SEMAL language, based upon the Calculus of Self-modifiable Algorithms model of computation is presented. A Calculus of Self-modifiable Algorithms is a universal theory for parallel and intelligent systems, integrating different styles of programming, and applied to a wealth of domains of future generation computers. It has some features from logic, rule-based, procedural, functional, and object-oriented programming. It has been designed to be a relatively universal tool for AI similar to the way Hoare’s Communicating Sequential Processes and Milner’s Calculus of Communicating Systems are basic theories for parallel systems. The formal basis of this approach is described. The model is used to derive a new programming paradigm, so-called cost languages and new computer architectures cost-driven computers. As a representative of cost languages, the SEMAL language is presented.

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FIORETTO, FERDINANDO, and ENRICO PONTELLI. "Past and present (and future) of parallel and distributed computation in (constraint) logic programming." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 18, no. 5-6 (September 2018): 722–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068418000406.

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Declarative languages offer unprecedented opportunities for the use of parallelism to speed up execution. A declarative language, being not procedural, removes the need to perform operations in a strict order and reduces the number of dependencies among operations, thus opening the doors for concurrent execution. The potential for transparent exploitation of parallelism in logic programming emerged almost immediately with the birth of the paradigm (Pollard 1981).

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BURNETT, MARGARET, JOHN ATWOOD, REBECCA WALPOLE DJANG, JAMES REICHWEIN, HERKIMER GOTTFRIED, and SHERRY YANG. "Forms/3: A first-order visual language to explore the boundaries of the spreadsheet paradigm." Journal of Functional Programming 11, no. 2 (March 2001): 155–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800003828.

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Although detractors of functional programming sometimes claim that functional programming is too difficult or counter-intuitive for most programmers to understand and use, evidence to the contrary can be found by looking at the popularity of spreadsheets. The spreadsheet paradigm, a first-order subset of the functional programming paradigm, has found wide acceptance among both programmers and end users. Still, there are many limitations with most spreadsheet systems. In this paper, we discuss language features that eliminate several of these limitations without deviating from the first-order, declarative evaluation model. The language used to illustrate these features is a research language called Forms/3. Using Forms/3, we show that procedural abstraction, data abstraction and graphics output can be supported in the spreadsheet paradigm. We show that, with the addition of a simple model of time, animated output and GUI I/O also become viable. To demonstrate generality, we also present an animated Turing machine simulator programmed using these features. Throughout the paper, we combine our discussion of the programming language characteristics with how the language features prototyped in Forms/3 relate to what is known about human effectiveness in programming.

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GERO, J. S., and M. BALACHANDRAN. "A COMPARISON OF PROCEDURAL AND DECLARATIVE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FOR THE COMPUTATION OF PARETO OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS." Engineering Optimization 9, no. 2 (January 1985): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03052158508902509.

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Liss, Ivan B., and Thomas C. McMillan. "Trees—a CS2 programming project which introduces a data type using procedural and data abstraction." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 19, no. 1 (February 1987): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/31726.31784.

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Val'kevich, T. A., Yu V. Kapitonova, and A. A. Letichevskii. "Optimizing compiler for the procedural subset of the algebraic programming language of the APS system." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 31, no. 6 (November 1995): 779–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02366615.

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Ozgur, Metin, and Aydan Cavcar. "0–1 integer programming model for procedural separation of aircraft by ground holding in ATFM." Aerospace Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (February 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2013.12.009.

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Broy, Manfred. "An Assessment of Programming Styles: Assignment-Oriented Languages Versus Functional and Applicative Languages1." Fundamenta Informaticae 9, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 169–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1986-9203.

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Three small programming languages are introduced: a procedural one, an applicative one and a functional one (here functional is always meant in the sense of “functional in the style of Backus”). For each of them mathematical (denotational) and operational semantics are defined. Then the similarities and differences between these three languages with respect to mathematical semantics, operational semantics, syntactic and notational properties are discussed in detail. Specific attention is paid to the notion of program variable

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