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1
Frame, L. A., M. L. Robinson, and W. J. Lough. "Simplification of capillary electrochromatography procedures." Journal of Chromatography A 798, no. 1-2 (March 1998): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01201-6.
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Mower, James E. "Developing parallel procedures for line simplification." International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 10, no. 6 (September 1996): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02693799608902105.
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Dias Vieira da Costa, Ana Flavia, Daniela Macedo Jorge, and Edson Antonio Donagema. "Levantamento sobre licenciamento sanitário municipal: procedimentos e simplificação." Vigilância Sanitária em Debate: Sociedade, Ciência & Tecnologia 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22239/2317-269x.01563.
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Introdução: O licenciamento sanitário é o ato legal que permite o funcionamento de estabelecimentos que desempenhem atividades sujeitas à vigilância sanitária, sendo competência dos estados, do Distrito Federal e dos municípios. A publicação da RDC Anvisa nº 153, de 26 de abril de 2017, estabeleceu critérios nacionais para classificação de risco, simplificação e harmonização para o licenciamento sanitário. Objetivo: Obter informações sobre o processo de licenciamento sanitário adotado nos municípios brasileiros e avaliar a implementação e adoção dos critérios da RDC nº 153/2017 pelas Vigilâncias Sanitárias (Visa) municipais. Método: As informações foram obtidas por meio de um formulário virtual semiestruturado enviado por e-mail aos órgãos de Visa municipais. Resultados: Ao todo, 2.111 municípios enviaram informações acerca do conhecimento e da implementação da normativa, além dos procedimentos adotados para o licenciamento sanitário, tais como: momento de análise documental e inspeção sanitária, cobrança de taxa, tempo médio para concessão de licença sanitária, informatização e integração à Rede Nacional para a Simplificação do Registro e da Legalização de Empresas e Negócios (Redesim). Conclusões: Apesar de a normativa ser amplamente conhecida, apenas 15,4% dos órgãos de Visa municipais respondentes adotam procedimentos simplificados para concessão da licença sanitária para atividades econômicas até então denominadas de baixo risco. Além disso, ratificou-se a relevância estadual na coordenação das Visa municipais e, considerando a cobrança de taxa para emissão da licença sanitária pela maioria dos municípios brasileiros, verificou-se potencial impacto na arrecadação destes com a publicação da Lei da Liberdade Econômica. À Anvisa cabe a articulação com o Governo Federal e a proposição de programas que auxiliem a articulação entre os órgãos locais, para que promovam a troca de experiências, cooperação mútua e fortalecimento do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária.
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Kundu, J. K. "Simplification of RNA preparation procedure for RT-PCR in detection of pome fruit tree viruses." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10457-pps.
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A rapid, easy to handling and sensitive RNA preparation procedure, RNA release protocol was described here for the detection of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) by RT-PCR. Comparing total RNA extraction protocol, RNA release protocol give raised similar rate of ASPV and ASGV detection within the field-grown apple cultivars. Among sampling plant tissues, the bud leaf and leaf (during blossom) were showed efficient tissues for the routine detection, regardless the using RNA preparation procedures.
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BOROVYK, O., L. BOROVYK, and N. SURZHAVSKA. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SIMPLIFYING CONTROL PROCEDURES AT CROSSING POINTS." Computer Systems and Information Technologies 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2020-1-4.
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The article is devoted to the substantiation of the structure of the decision support system for the simplification of control procedures at road checkpoints across the state border. As a result of the research, the structure of the decision support system for simplification of control procedures at road checkpoints is proposed. The structure is based on the analysis of the border control process at road checkpoints and technological features of its simplification, analysis of decision support models for the organization and technology of border control simplification, as well as analysis of problematic aspects of their implementation and identification of possible solutions. The article substantiates that the basis of the database management system models of the studied decision support system should be a model for determining the need for simplification of border control at road checkpoints, a model for determining the duration of simplification of border control and a model for selecting appropriate control actions for individuals and vehicles. queues. The basis of the database management system of the studied decision support system should be databases relating to the situation at the checkpoint, which changes dynamically over time, the characteristics of the queue of vehicles, tactical and technical characteristics of those vehicles from which the queue may be formed. car checkpoint, departmental database "Gart - 1 P", a database concerning the rules of crossing the state border, a database of information signs of offenses at the state border and risk profiles.
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Bayer, Tomáš. "The importance of computational geometry for digital cartography." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 3 (April 12, 2008): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.3.2.
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This paper describes the use of computational geometry concepts in the digital cartography. It presents an importance of 2D geometric structures, geometric operations and procedures for automated or semi automated simplification process. This article is focused on automated building simplification procedures, some techniques are illustrated and discussed. Concrete examples with the requirements to the lowest time complexity, emphasis on the smallest area enclosing rectangle, convex hull or self intersection procedures, are given. Presented results illustrate the relationship of digital cartography and computational geometry.
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Artizanov, Aleksey I. "The Improvement of the Summary Jurisdiction Procedure in the Russian Civil Proceedings for the Implementation of the Principles of Procedural Economy." Arbitrazh-civil procedure 2 (February 11, 2021): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-383x-2021-2-28-30.
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The Institute of simplified proceedings was introduced into the civil procedure legislation in March 2016 and was to increase justice availability, court procedures optimization, its precipitation and simplification. It certainly corresponds to the basic postulates of procedural economy principles, which in turn imply the effectiveness of the court’s protection of citizens’ violated rights and freedoms by saving financial and necessary for the case consideration time resources. This article is devoted to analysis of the Institute of simplified proceedings, problems associated with procedural rules application in the context of the procedural economy principle, as well as improving this procedural institution ability.
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Anker, Helle Tegner. "Simplifying eu Environmental Legislation – Reviewing the eia Directive?" Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 11, no. 4 (November 13, 2014): 321–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01104002.
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The recent review of the eia Directive was launched as part of the ‘better regulation’ agenda with the purpose to simplify procedures and reduce administrative burdens. This was combined with an attempt to further harmonise procedures in order address shortcomings in the Directive and to overcome implementation gaps in the Member States. Yet, the result illustrates the difficulties of reconciling simplification and harmonisation considering also the need for flexibility at Member State level. Despite some elements of harmonisation and potential simplification the revised Directive leaves room for different interpretations on core issues. This is likely to result in diverging practices in the Member States as well as in further litigation on eia matters. It is argued that at least from the outset the review of the eia Directive missed out on a more thorough discussion of fundamental issues linked to the character and scope of eia such as the important distinction between the procedural functions of information gathering and participation as opposed to the substantive outcomes in terms of reducing or avoiding adverse effects. A careful discussion of the basics of eia might have provided a better option for reconciling the objectives of simplification, harmonisation and flexibility rather than lumping everything together as simplification under the ‘better regulation’ label.
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Nestoryshen, Ihor, Ivan Berezhnyuk, and Alina Brendak. "Customs Risk Management System in the Context of Clearance of Customs Procedures." Modern Economics 22, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v22(2020)-09.
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Introduction. The article emphasizes that the current features of the implementation of foreign economic activity require consideration of two factors that are contradictory to each other. In particular, on the one hand, the growth of external threats is forcing the governments of many countries to tighten control measures when crossing the state border of goods and commercial vehicles. On the other hand, according to international conventions and agreements (Kyoto Convention, WMO Framework Standards for Security, WTO Facilitation Agreement), measures to reduce the interference of regulatory authorities in the operational activities of economic operators are envisaged. In this context, the use of risk-oriented customs control tools, which allow simplifying business without reducing the level of national security, is becoming especially important. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to generalize and systematize foreign and domestic approaches to simplification of customs procedures through the use of risk-oriented instruments of customs control, as well as to develop their own proposals for simplification of foreign trade entities in the domestic regulatory field by using subject-oriented criteria. Results. The authors analyzed the provisions of the International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures, the Framework Standards for Security and Facilitation of International Trade, the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation, which are provided for significant simplification of international trade procedures by reducing the share of customs inspections and controls. Сustoms security, customs clearance of goods and vehicles on the territory of the subjects of foreign economic activity or in another place permitted by the customs, without the direct participation of customs officials. These measures are based on the widespread use of risk-oriented instruments of customs control. It is noted that some of the provisions of international conventions and agreements on the use of risk-oriented instruments of customs control and simplification of economic operators have been implemented in domestic customs legislation, namely Art. 320 of the Customs Code of Ukraine introduced selective customs control, it is determined that the forms and scope of control sufficient to ensure compliance with legislation on state customs and international treaties of Ukraine in customs clearance are selected by customs (customs posts) based on the results of risk management. Conclusion. The study analyzes the peculiarities of the customs risk management system application in customs control in Ukraine, and offers proposals for the use of subject-oriented criteria of customs control as a simplification for honest economic operators to reduce the selectivity of risk profiles ASUR.
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Abbasian, Gholam-Reza, and Helia Sakhaeian Haji Mohammadi. "The Effect of Lexical Modification on Developing Vocabulary Knowledge in Relation to Language Proficiency Level." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0610.11.
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This study was an attempt to comparatively investigate the effects of lexical modification models (simplification vs. elaboration) on developing EFL learners‟ vocabulary knowledge in relation to their language proficiency level. To this end, 40 EFL learners were divided into two levels (i.e. elementary and pre-intermediate) based on their performance on the Nelson proficiency test. They were further categorized into two simplification and elaboration groups. The pertinent treatments were rendered through simplification and elaboration models of modification. Two-way ANOVA was run to address the research questions. The findings revealed that not only do input modification procedures significantly affect vocabulary development but also the elaboration group outperformed the simplification group. Moreover, it was revealed that language proficiency level plays a significant role in determining the effects of modification procedures as the pre-intermediate group significantly outperformed the elementary one; then, elaboration in both groups and pre-intermediate as a proficiency level proved to play a significant role in the process of modification-based vocabulary development.
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AlSafaln, Ali. "Procedures Simplification Role in Develping Public Services Agencies in Saudi Arabia." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Economics and Administration 1, no. 1 (1988): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eco.1-1.8.
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Thomas, B. J., C. Gilchrist, P. E. Hay, and D. Taylor-Robinson. "Simplification of procedures used to test urine samples for Chlamydia trachomatis." Journal of Clinical Pathology 44, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.44.5.374.
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Kovač, Polonca. "Debureaucratization Limits in Administrative Procedures Codification: Lessons from Slovenia." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010001.
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This article explores bureaucratization and its boundaries in the framework of cutting red tape in the regulation of administrative procedures. Law is not an end in itself but should contribute to predictable and thus better relations in society. In this sense, the priority protection of public interest—which is characteristic of administrative relations between individual holders of rights and obligations and administrative bodies—presents certain limitations to simplification. Through qualitative research methods (dogmatic, normative, and comparative methods, as well as case studies), this article examines examples of debureaucratization in Slovenia provided by the amendments to the General Administrative Procedure Act. In most cases, e.g., in waiving the right to appeal or broad fiction of service, modifications were not appropriate since constitutional guarantees cannot be subject to “debureaucratization”. However, crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic call for even greater simplification. The approach to address bureaucratization as an obstacle to the economy should therefore be holistic and proportionate. Debureaucratization should be implemented in individual administrative areas rather than by an umbrella law that ensures fundamental administrative principles, and through process optimization rather than deregulation. The results of the analysis are useful for comparable, particularly Central European countries.
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Tregubov, Aleksey N. "The Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Customs Code of the European Union: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Approaches to Harmonization of the Relationships in the Customs Affairs Sector." Administrative law and procedure 3 (March 4, 2021): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2021-3-72-74.
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The Dynamic development of the economy, increased competition between producers of material goods, and the need to expand sales markets leads to the need to increase trade between countries. Administrative barriers have a significant impact on the speed of movement of goods, and as a result on the amount of material and time costs associated with their movement. The development of international trade, which is directly dependent on the effectiveness of customs procedures, required the approval of common principles and approaches to the simplification of customs formalities, which are enshrined in the International Convention on the simplification and harmonization of customs procedures from may 18, 1973.
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Трезубов, Егор, and Egor Trezubov. ""Procedural Revolution". Review of Changes to Civil Procedure Codes." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2019): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2019-3-2-187-198.
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This review examines some changes introduced by the Federal Law on January 28, 2018, No. 451-FZ, to the Civil Procedure Code, the Arbitration Procedure Code, and the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation. The media called the amendment pool “procedural revolution”. It touched many institutions. On the one hand, it promoted unification of the civil process and imposed legal certainty on many issues. On the other hand, it simplified some ordinary procedures. Some of the changes fix the rules formed in judicial practice; others are essentially transitional and imply the need for further refinement. The present research explores the following innovations: modernization of the institute of court competence in the context of the availability of judicial protection, simplification and unification of the procedure for reviewing a challenge to the court, expanding the scope of simplified procedures for reviewing requirements, fixing the rules of continuous appeal in civil and administrative proceedings, etc. The review introduces the upcoming changes to the reader and outlines the author's opinion on the procedural reform. Some changes are characterized as positive, and the author substantiates the need for reform. Meanwhile, some innovations are criticized as they will inevitably lead to restriction of the rights of participants in the procedural relations. The author believes that the innovations of the “procedural revolution” will not lead improve the court system.
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Khan, Ziauddin. "Simplification and Reduction of Procedures and Controls and Deregulation: Experiences of Pakistan." International Review of Administrative Sciences 55, no. 2 (June 1989): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085238905500203.
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Bentourkia, M'hamed, and Pierre-Denis Noel. "Simplification of analysis procedures in inter-subject studies with cardiac PET imaging." Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 28, no. 5 (July 2004): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2004.04.001.
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Allegrezza, Stefano. "Dematerializing Administrative Procedures and not Just Documents: The Project for Modification of the Document Flows of the University of Udine." Atlanti 27, no. 1 (October 16, 2017): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.27.1.79-90(2017).
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The paper is conceptually divided into two parts. The first part examines the issues of simplification and dematerialisation of administrative procedures showing how the only dematerialization of the documentation does not produce concrete and tangible results, as confirmed by the example presented in section 2, so widespread in the public sector as it is paradoxical. Then the errors that typically occur when you start a project of simplification and dematerialization are illustrated and the regulatory framework in Italy with particular reference to the so called “farewell to paper” that was scheduled to begin on August 12, 2016 is analysed. In the second part of the paper a project for simplification and dematerialisation of proceedings for the drafting and signing of the Rector’s decrees and executive measures by the University of Udine is presented which came to a successful conclusion using a document management system integrated in the management information system of documents.
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Corke, Peter I. "A symbolic and numeric procedure for manipulator rigid-body dynamic significance analysis and simplification." Robotica 16, no. 5 (September 1998): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574798000769.
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This paper describes an automated procedure for analysing the significance of each of the many terms in the equations of motion for a serial-link robot manipulator. Significance analysis provides insight into the rigid-body dynamic effects that are significant locally or globally in the manipulator's state space. Deleting those terms that do not contribute significantly to the total joint torque can greatly reduce the computational burden for online control, and a Monte-Carlo style simulation is used to investigate the errors thus introduced. The procedures, freely available, are a hybrid of symbolic and numeric techniques implemented using a standard computer algebra package.
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Small, Ernest, and Brenda Brookes. "A taxonomic simplification of Medicago italica." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 2103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-275.
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Various taxonomies have been proposed by previous students of Medicago italica (Miller) Fiori, considered by some to be the most polymorphic species of the large genus Medicago. However, this study ascribes most of the polymorphism to introgression from another species, and accordingly proposes a simple taxonomy based on this interpretation. Hybridization with the allied species M. littoralis Rohde ex Lois.-Deslong. is extensive, and because the latter is far more abundant, the predominant result is introgression of M. littoralis characteristics into M. italica. A numerical taxonomic analysis was conducted on 158 collections supplied as Medicago italica, grown under standard conditions, and 42 collections of M. littoralis grown under comparable conditions. Israeli M. italica are the most geographically isolated plants of the natural range of this species; these proved to be morphologically separable from the remaining plants. Little introgression seems to have occurred into the Israeli plants studied, compared with more pronounced introgression into a majority of the remaining plants of M. italica examined. Variation is continuous between apparently "pure" plants of M. italica, such as the Israeli plants studied, and apparently strongly introgressed plants, some of whose character states approach those of M. littoralis. As a result of procedures adopted, the spectrum of variants initially identified as M. italica was split into two: the group that included the Israeli plants was identified as M. italica, and the group tending towards M. littoralis was identified as M. italica × M. littoralis. As defined here, M. italica is most easily discriminated from M. italica × M. littoralis by having less than 3.5 coils in the coiled fruit, whereas the latter has more than 3.5.
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Shutenko, Oksana. "The principle of balance in civil procedural relations." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 3(28) (February 19, 2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2019-3(28)-12.
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The article is devoted to the study of a new principle of civil procedural law – the principle of balance of civil procedural legal relations. The article contains conclusions about the deep significance of the principle of balance for the effective functioning of the justice system. The analysis of the effect of this principle in simplified procedures of civil proceedings is carried out. We distinguish the principle of the balance of civil procedural relations and understand it as achieving the equilibrium of the specified system - a stable balance of elements of the system in a limited period of time (at this stage of existence). Simultaneously with constancy, any system is characterized by instability as a resource for system development and improvement, for entropy prevention and system catastrophe. The principle of the balance of civil procedural relations is manifested primarily in the fact that the amount of legal interest is directly proportional to the amount of procedural rights conferred on the subject of the process. When applying the simplified procedures of civil litigation, the following is observed: the equilibrium in the judicial process at first glance is broken due to the proper simplification of the judicial procedure, the absence of traditional stages, institutions of civil litigation. Meanwhile, the aforementioned is offset by the speed of consideration and resolution of the case. The principle of the balance of civil procedural relations is of particular importance at the stage of modern lawmaking, when there is a change in outlook and the formation of a new understanding of justice in the civil process, namely, the purpose of civil justice is more widely disclosed. Such conclusions are led by the analysis of the novelties of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine - simplified (in comparison with the general lawsuit) civil litigation procedures in which there is one way or another no dispute about the law – there is a weakening or absence of dispute. Key words: principles of civil procedural law, efficiency of legal proceedings, simplified judicial procedures, principle of balance, civil procedural legal relations.
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Shutenko, Oksana. "The principle of balance in civil procedural relation." Legal Ukraine, no. 12 (December 19, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2019-12(204)-2.
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The article is devoted to the study of a new principle of civil procedural law – the principle of balance of civil procedural legal relations. The article contains conclusions about the deep significance of the principle of balance for the effective functioning of the justice system. The analysis of the effect of this principle in simplified procedures of civil proceedings is carried out. We distinguish the principle of the balance of civil procedural relations and understand it as achieving the equilibrium of the specified system – a stable balance of elements of the system in a limited period of time (at this stage of existence). Simultaneously with constancy, any system is characterized by instability as a resource for system development and improvement, for entropy prevention and system catastrophe. The principle of the balance of civil procedural relations is manifested primarily in the fact that the amount of legal interest is directly proportional to the amount of procedural rights conferred on the subject of the process. When applying the simplified procedures of civil litigation, the following is observed: the equilibrium in the judicial process at first glance is broken due to the proper simplification of the judicial procedure, the absence of traditional stages, institutions of civil litigation. Meanwhile, the aforementioned is offset by the speed of consideration and resolution of the case. The principle of the balance of civil procedural relations is of particular importance at the stage of modern lawmaking, when there is a change in outlook and the formation of a new understanding of justice in the civil process, namely, the purpose of civil justice is more widely disclosed. Such conclusions are led by the analysis of the novelties of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine – simplified (in comparison with the general lawsuit) civil litigation procedures in which there is one way or another no dispute about the law – there is a weakening or absence of dispute. Key words: principles of civil procedural law, efficiency of legal proceedings, simplified judicial procedures, principle of balance, civil procedural legal relations.
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Arnold, Luboš, Martina Pressová, David Šaman, Martin Vogtherr, and Stefan Limmer. "Preparation of 1'-C Deuterated Synthons for RNA Synthesis by H-Phosphonate Method Aiming at Two-Dimensional NMR Secondary Structure Studies." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 3 (1996): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960389.
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1'-C Deuterated H-phosphonate synthons were prepared via a 12-step procedure starting from [1'-2H]ribose. The procedure included nucleosidation of 1'-O-acetyl-2',3',5'-O-tribenzoyl[1'-2H]ribose with appropriately protected nucleobases and preparation of nucleoside-H-phosphonates by slightly modified described procedures. The automated RNA synthesis of 5'-G*C*U*A*U*UUAU-3' and 3'-AC*G*A*U*A*AAGU-5' was performed on a Gene Assembler Plus DNA-synthesizer. These specifically deuterated oligoribonucleotides were subsequently compared with the corresponding non-deuterated sequences using 2D-NMR NOESY spectra. Specific deuterium incorporation resulted in the expected simplification of spectral pattern.
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Patyi, András. "From Fragments to Drafts." Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review 5, no. 1 (2020): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2020.1.6.
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The paper aims to give a historical overview of the pre-codification of Hungarian administrative procedural rules. Therefore, the main stages and the main actors of an era that started with rules of fragmentary style and law books with ambiguous or a simple descriptive character regarding Hungarian administrative procedures are presented in the paper. The first part is devoted to a detailed examination of the origins of administrative law and administrative science until the end of the nineteenth century in Hungary. The second part of the paper provides an analysis of the Simplification Act, and the period of the first schemes for classification of administrative procedures (1901–1957) in Hungary. From this period, we should underline the appearance of the scientific school led by Zoltán Magyary and the preparations of the Administrative Procedural Code by József Valló.
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Wightman, Dennis C., and Gavan Lintern. "Part-Task Training for Tracking and Manual Control." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 27, no. 3 (June 1985): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088502700304.
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Part-task training was defined as practice on some set of components of the whole task as a prelude to performance of the whole task. Part-task procedures are intended to improve learning efficiency and to reduce costs. Our review focused on the instruction of tracking skills for manual control. Transfer of training was emphasized and crucial features of the methodology and of means of assessing transfer were discussed. The part-task procedures of segmentation, fractionation, and simplification were explained, and procedures for reintegrating parts into the whole task were summarized.
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Jamison, Dean T., and Julian Jamison. "Characterizing the Amount and Speed of Discounting Procedures." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2011): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/2152-2812.1031.
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This paper introduces the concepts of amount and speed of a discounting procedure in order to generate well-characterized families of procedures for use in social project evaluation. Exponential discounting sequesters the concepts of amount and speed into a single parameter that needs to be disaggregated in order to characterize nonconstant rate procedures. The inverse of the present value of a unit stream of benefits provides a natural measure of the amount a procedure discounts the future. We propose geometrical and time horizon based measures of how rapidly a discounting procedure acquires its ultimate present value, and we prove these to be the same. This provides an unambiguous measure of the speed of discounting, a measure whose values lie between 0 (slow) and 2 (fast). Exponential discounting has a speed of 1. A commonly proposed approach to aggregating individual discounting procedures into a social one for project evaluation averages the individual discount functions. We point to serious shortcoming with this approach and propose an alternative for which the amount and time horizon of the social procedure are the averages of the amounts and time horizons of the individual procedures. We further show that the social procedure will in general be slower than the average of the speeds of the individual procedures. For potential applications in social project evaluation we characterize three families of two-parameter discounting procedures – hyperbolic, gamma, and Weibull – in terms of their discount functions, their discount rate functions, their amounts, their speeds and their time horizons. (The appendix characterizes additional families, including the quasi-hyperbolic one.) A one parameter version of hyperbolic discounting, d(t) = (1+rt)-2, has amount r and speed 0, and this procedure is our candidate for use in social project evaluation, although additional empirical work will be needed to fully justify a one-parameter simplification of more general procedures.
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Sever, Tina, Vedran Đulabić, and Polonca Kovač. "Regional Analysis of Construction Permitting Procedures in Slovenia and Croatia." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 13, no. 3-4 (December 7, 2016): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01303008.
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Construction permitting and spatial regulations are important for the functioning of modern society as regards enabling basic social needs, the right to a healthy living environment and the possibility to promote business and economic growth. However, what is typical of these real life situations is a collision of several private interests and the public interest. In order to protect the latter, the state needs to set certain limitations also by means of regulations and to ensure the appropriate administrative capacity to implement them. Moreover, the right and possibility to build is important for sustainable regional development. The article addresses the profiles of Slovenia and Croatia, in particular their procedural aspects and administrative systems’ efficiency in the field of construction. The results show that both countries regulate their construction procedures similarly, with a special focus on the simplification of administrative procedures. As such, they continually try to enhance administrative capacity.
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Rozsnyai, Krisztina F., and István Hoffman. "New Hungarian Institutions against Administrative Silence: Friends or Foes of the Parties?" Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 29, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.1.109-127.
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<p class="Default">The Programme for the Reduction of Bureaucracy launched by the Hungarian government in 2015 has several directions, such as rethinking of the system of administrative organs, reshaping of civil service, simplification of administrative procedures, and fight against administrative silence, as well. New codes on the administrative procedure and on the judicial review of the administrative decisions were passed in 2016 and 2017, and the sectoral regulation has been transformed, as well. The most important change of the sectoral procedural rules was the replacement of procedures for permissions to a simple duty of notification. The authors investigate, if these institutions really help to reduce the burdens citizens and companies have in connection with bureaucracy: whether they are efficient tools against administrative silence and really are improving the situation of the parties <em>vis-à-vis</em> the administration and fostering good administration. They also take a closer look on the newly established action for failure to Act I of 2017 on the Code of Administrative Court Procedure (in force since 2018) intended as an additional tool, as well as its other new institutions addressing the problem of silence of administration.</p>
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Liu, M., L. Song, G. Wei, and D. E. Claridge. "Simplified Building and Air-handling Unit Model Calibration and Applications." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1639380.
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Model calibration remains a significant topic for both researchers and practitioners in the HVAC field although calibrated building and air-handling unit (AHU) models have been used for “measuring” building energy retrofit/commissioning savings, identifying operational problems, and optimizing system operation and control schedules for decades. This paper discusses the modeling and simplification of building and AHU systems used in the simplified model calibration process. The paper presents a two-level calibration procedure integrated with energy signatures for simplified building and AHU heating and cooling energy consumption models. The procedures are demonstrated using a detailed example. This procedure can be implemented into computer simulation programs to allow automatic calibration and fault detection in many HVAC engineering processes.
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Salafia, W. Ronald, and Dino A. DaRos. "Some Limitations on the Use of the Forced-Choice Technique for Target Detection Research." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 19 (October 1993): 1360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118193784162326.
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The forced-choice (FC) format is used for stimulus presentation and performance assessment in a variety of tasks, including target detection and acquisition, tasks that involve primarily vigilance, monitoring, and search (VMS) behaviors. Laboratory experiments, comparison investigations, and system performance assessments have been reported in the literature with numerous claims about FC procedures, including that they lead to simplification of data handling and increased cost-effectiveness. The present report takes issue with these and other claims, as well as with the underlying assumption that FC procedures are interchangeable with continuous-search procedures, when applied to VMS tasks.
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Rahimi, Mohammad, and Amir Rezaei. "Use of Syntactic Elaboration Techniques to Enhance Comprehensibility of EST Texts." English Language Teaching 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v4n1p11.
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The current study examined differential effects of two pre-modification types, syntactic elaboration and syntactic simplification (at the level of syntax and irrespective of problematic lexis), on EST students’ reading comprehension. The purpose was to see whether a priori syntactic elaborative adjustment, given its advantages over simplification, can augment comprehensibility of scientific texts in order to replace simplification adjustment. To carry out the study, three versions of 5 passages including Baseline, syntactically simplified, and syntactically elaborated were provided. All the five passages were relevant to civil engineering and they were modified using two above-mentioned techniques. The subjects of the study were composed of 185 homogenous civil engineering students who participated in different phases. The results revealed that syntactic simplification and syntactic elaboration procedures operated nearly in the same way in orienting the EST texts toward comprehensibility. The results of the study even indicated that students benefited more from elaborated than simplified texts although it was not statistically significant. Therefore, the study supports the view that syntactic elaborative adjustment can be exercised in advance on EST materials for pedagogical purposes since it increases the reading comprehension at the same time keeps unfamiliar syntactic units intact to be learned by EST readers
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Pérez Carrillo, Elena F. "Approach to corporate governance and supporting shareholders’ interests." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 1 (2009): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i1p2.
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Shareholders interests play a relevant role in corporate governance. Notwithstanding the different legal regimes across the globe, there is a trend towards converging mechanisms protect shareholders through disclosure and other instruments. Simplification of voting process and procedures to ease the taking into account of shareholder preferences are matters still to be resolved.
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Rauch, Ł., K. Bzowski, D. Bachniak, and M. Pietrzyk. "Robust Multiscale Modelling Of Two-Phase Steels On Heterogeneous Hardware Infrastructures By Using Statistically Similar Representative Volume Element." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 1973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0335.
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Abstract The coupled finite element multiscale simulations (FE2) require costly numerical procedures in both macro and micro scales. Attempts to improve numerical efficiency are focused mainly on two areas of development, i.e. parallelization/distribution of numerical procedures and simplification of virtual material representation. One of the representatives of both mentioned areas is the idea of Statistically Similar Representative Volume Element (SSRVE). It aims at the reduction of the number of finite elements in micro scale as well as at parallelization of the calculations in micro scale which can be performed without barriers. The simplification of computational domain is realized by transformation of sophisticated images of material microstructure into artificially created simple objects being characterized by similar features as their original equivalents. In existing solutions for two-phase steels SSRVE is created on the basis of the analysis of shape coefficients of hard phase in real microstructure and searching for a representative simple structure with similar shape coefficients. Optimization techniques were used to solve this task. In the present paper local strains and stresses are added to the cost function in optimization. Various forms of the objective function composed of different elements were investigated and used in the optimization procedure for the creation of the final SSRVE. The results are compared as far as the efficiency of the procedure and uniqueness of the solution are considered. The best objective function composed of shape coefficients, as well as of strains and stresses, was proposed. Examples of SSRVEs determined for the investigated two-phase steel using that objective function are demonstrated in the paper. Each step of SSRVE creation is investigated from computational efficiency point of view. The proposition of implementation of the whole computational procedure on modern High Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructures is described. It includes software architecture of the solution as well as presentation of the middleware applied for data farming purposes.
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Heule, Marijn, Matti Järvisalo, Florian Lonsing, Martina Seidl, and Armin Biere. "Clause Elimination for SAT and QSAT." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 53 (June 26, 2015): 127–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4694.
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The famous archetypical NP-complete problem of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and its PSPACE-complete generalization of quantified Boolean satisfiability (QSAT) have become central declarative programming paradigms through which real-world instances of various computationally hard problems can be efficiently solved. This success has been achieved through several breakthroughs in practical implementations of decision procedures for SAT and QSAT, that is, in SAT and QSAT solvers. Here, simplification techniques for conjunctive normal form (CNF) for SAT and for prenex conjunctive normal form (PCNF) for QSAT---the standard input formats of SAT and QSAT solvers---have recently proven very effective in increasing solver efficiency when applied before (i.e., in preprocessing) or during (i.e., in inprocessing) satisfiability search. In this article, we develop and analyze clause elimination procedures for pre- and inprocessing. Clause elimination procedures form a family of (P)CNF formula simplification techniques which remove clauses that have specific (in practice polynomial-time) redundancy properties while maintaining the satisfiability status of the formulas. Extending known procedures such as tautology, subsumption, and blocked clause elimination, we introduce novel elimination procedures based on asymmetric variants of these techniques, and also develop a novel family of so-called covered clause elimination procedures, as well as natural liftings of the CNF-level procedures to PCNF. We analyze the considered clause elimination procedures from various perspectives. Furthermore, for the variants not preserving logical equivalence under clause elimination, we show how to reconstruct solutions to original CNFs from satisfying assignments to simplified CNFs, which is important for practical applications for the procedures. Complementing the more theoretical analysis, we present results on an empirical evaluation on the practical importance of the clause elimination procedures in terms of the effect on solver runtimes on standard real-world application benchmarks. It turns out that the importance of applying the clause elimination procedures developed in this work is empirically emphasized in the context of state-of-the-art QSAT solving.
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Trüe, Christiane. "The Plurality of the Legislative Process and a System for Attributing Procedures to Competences." German Law Journal 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200014498.
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This contribution aims to assess whether the Constitutional Treaty (CT) succeeds in achieving a systematic “fit” between the legislative procedures and the relevant underlying competences. The system to be developed here aims at promoting democratic legitimacy, transparency and efficiency in the EU's legislative process. This is undertaken under the assumption that systematization might contribute to achieving these fundamental aims. Obviously, such a system needs to rely on generalization and simplification to a considerable extent; it cannot provide more than a model which must necessarily be subject to exceptions.
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Espitia, Helbert, José Soriano, Iván Machón, and Hilario López. "Compact Fuzzy Systems Based on Boolean Relations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041793.
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This document presents some considerations and procedures to design a compact fuzzy system based on Boolean relations. In the design process, a Boolean codification of two elements is extended to a Kleene’s of three elements to perform simplifications for obtaining a compact fuzzy system. The design methodology employed a set of considerations producing equivalent expressions when using Boole and Kleene algebras establishing cases where simplification can be carried out, thus obtaining compact forms. In addition, the development of two compact fuzzy systems based on Boolean relations is shown, presenting its application for the identification of a nonlinear plant and the control of a hydraulic system where it can be seen that compact structures describes satisfactory performance for both identification and control when using algorithms for optimizing the parameters of the compact fuzzy systems. Finally, the applications where compact fuzzy systems are based on Boolean relationships are discussed allowing the observation of other scenarios where these structures can be used.
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Samsonov, Timofey, and Olga Yakimova. "Regression modeling of reduction in spatial accuracy and detail for multiple geometric line simplification procedures." International Journal of Cartography 6, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23729333.2019.1615745.
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García, Diego López. "A Simple Method for the Design of Optimal Damper Configurations in MDOF Structures." Earthquake Spectra 17, no. 3 (August 2001): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586180.
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Existing methods for the design of optimal configurations of supplemental dampers are usually not simple enough to be used routinely and typically lead to different damper sizes at virtually every story. One exception is the Sequential Search Algorithm, which lets the designer control the number of different damper sizes. In this paper, a simplification to the Sequential Search Algorithm is proposed so that the resulting procedure, designated as Simplified Sequential Search Algorithm, can be easily integrated into conventional design procedures used by practicing engineers dealing with damper-added structures. In the case of linear viscous dampers, it was found that the efficiency of damper configurations given by the proposed Simplified Sequential Search Algorithm is comparable to the efficiency of damper configurations given by more sophisticated procedures. The applicability of the method is limited to those cases where the response of the structure with added dampers remains linear.
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VOLPE, Paula, Carlos Eduardo DOMENE, Marco Aurélio SANTO, and Ivan CECCONELLO. "Two port video-assisted gastrostomy and jejunostomy: technical simplification and clinical results." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 28, no. 1 (2015): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-67202015000100015.
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BACKGROUND: Patients presenting upper gastrointestinal obstruction, difficulty or inability in swallowing, may need nutritional support which can be obtained through gastrostomy and jejunostomy. AIM: To describe the methods of gastrostomy and jejunostomy video-assisted, and to compare surgical approaches for video-assisted laparoscopy and laparotomy in patients with advanced cancer of the esophagus and stomach, to establish enteral nutritional access. METHODS: Were used the video-assisted laparoscopic techniques for jejunostomy and gastrostomy and the same procedures performed by laparotomies. Comparatively, were analyzed the distribution of patients according to demographics, diagnosis and type of procedure. RESULTS: There were 36 jejunostomies (18 by laparotomy and 17 laparoscopy) and 42 gastrostomies (21 on each side). In jejunostomy, relevant data were operating time of 132 min vs. 106 min (p=0.021); reintroduction of diet: 3.3 days vs 2.1 days (p=0.009); discharge: 5.8 days vs 4.3 days (p= 0.044). In gastrostomy, relevant data were operative time of 122.6 min vs 86.2 min (p= 0.012 and hospital discharge: 5.1 days vs 3.7 days (p=0.016). CONCLUSION: The comparative analysis of laparotomy and video-assisted access to jejunostomies and gastrostomies concluded that video-assisted approach is feasible method, safe, fast, simple and easy, requires shorter operative time compared to laparotomy, enables diet start soon in compared to laparotomy, and also enables lower length of stay compared to laparotomy.
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Elsawi, Ahmed M., and Nagwa Abouhaiba. "The Electronic Judicial Notice: Between Legalization and Technology." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol10iss1pp35-50.
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The judicial notice is unquestionably important, and flawed execution undermines the procedural action and negates its legal effects. In this regard, the means used to deliver the judicial notice to the addressee, its speed, and its appropriateness for the context are as important as the notice itself. Traditional notification methods have become inefficient, both in terms of the simplification of procedures and in saving effort, time, and expenditure. This reveals the importance of this research: it aims primarily to activate the use of the electronic judicial notice and access to a mechanism that harmonizes modernity and technological development while maintaining the guarantees inherent in and the validity ofthe proceedings.
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FIGUEROA, HÉCTOR, and JOSÉ M. GRACIA-BONDÍA. "THE USES OF CONNES AND KREIMER'S ALGEBRAIC FORMULATION OF RENORMALIZATION THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 16 (June 30, 2004): 2739–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04017835.
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We show how, modulo the distinction between the antipode and the "twisted" or "renormalized" antipode, Connes and Kreimer's algebraic paradigm trivializes the proofs of equivalence of the (corrected) Dyson–Salam, Bogoliubov–Parasiuk–Hepp and Zimmermann procedures for renormalizing Feynman amplitudes. We discuss the outlook for a parallel simplification of computations in quantum field theory, stemming from the same algebraic approach.
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Tamilmani, Rajesh, and Emmanuel Stefanakis. "Modelling and Analysis of Semantically Enriched Simplified Trajectories Using Graph Databases." Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA 1 (July 3, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-1-20-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Geospatial databases are utilized in modelling the huge volume of spatial-temporal data generated by tracking moving objects equipped with positioning devices. This data can be used in performing trajectory analysis such as optimum path finding or identification of collision risk. At the same time, this massive data becomes difficult to handle using traditional databases as raw trajectories contain a lot of unnecessary data points. Thus, trajectory simplification techniques are applied to reduce the number of vertices representing a trajectory. However, elimination of intermediate points by simplification process leads to a loss of semantics associated with the trajectories. These semantics are dependent on the application domain. For example, a trajectory of a moving vessel can convey information about time, distances travelled, bearing, or velocity. This research proposes a graph data model that enriches the simplified geometry of trajectories with the semantics lost in the simplification process. Raw trajectories, initially modelled and stored in a PostgreSQL/PostGIS database, are simplified according to both their spatial and temporal characteristics using the Synchronized Euclidean Distance (SED), while the Semantically Enriched Line simpliFication (SELF) data structure is adopted to preserve the semantics of the vertices eliminated in the simplification process. Then, enriched simplified trajectories are transferred to a Neo4j database and modelled in terms of nodes and edges using graphs. Trajectories can then be further processed using Cypher query language and Neo4j spatial procedures. A visualization tool has been developed on top of Neo4j graph database to support the semantic retrieval and visualization of trajectories.</p>
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Mébarek, Djebabra, Mouda Mohamed, and Bellaala Djamel. "The contribution of the BQA method to the analysis of the work procedures violation." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 6 (June 8, 2015): 704–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-12-2013-0159.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assist organizations in the professional risk prevention. Design/methodology/approach – It consists of a proposal for a BQA method of the work procedures analysis. Findings – In the suggested method, the authors use the principles of BQA and propose a new formulation of parameters of a work procedures simplification. Practical implications – The suggested method constitutes an invaluable help to implementation of the work permits system. Originality/value – The suggested method facilitates the process of working safety assessment providing substantial assistance to one of the most important stages that is to decide which particular indicators will be considered.
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Caliński, Tadeusz, Agnieszka Łacka, and Idzi Siatkowski. "On a new approach to the analysis of variance for experiments with orthogonal block structure. IV. Experiments in split-plot designs." Biometrical Letters 57, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bile-2020-0011.
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Summary This paper provides estimation and hypothesis testing procedures for experiments in split-plot designs. These experiments have been shown to have a convenient orthogonal block structure when properly randomized. Due to this property, the analysis of experimental data can be carried out in a relatively simple manner. Relevant simplification procedures are indicated. According to the adopted approach, the analysis of variance and hypothesis testing procedures can be performed directly, rather than by combining the results of analyses based on some stratum submodels. The practical application of the presented theory is illustrated by examples of real experiments in appropriate split-plot designs. The present paper is the fourth in the planned series of publications on the analysis of experiments with orthogonal block structure.
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Lenaerts, Koen, and Marlies Desomer. "Towards a Hierarchy of Legal Acts in the European Union? Simplification of Legal Instruments and Procedures." European Law Journal 11, no. 6 (November 2005): 744–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2005.00285.x.
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DOLOTIN, R. R. "STUDY OF THE PROCEDURAL FORM OF SIMPLIFIED PROCEEDINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF PROCEDURAL ECONOMY." Herald of Civil Procedure 11, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-3-212-223.
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The search for an optimal balance between the result of legal proceedings and the way to achieve it is currently one of the most important areas of development of procedural legislation. In this regard, there is a need to use not only the general procedure for the consideration and resolution of cases, but also a special one, which contributes to the rational simplification and acceleration of procedures. In this sense, the study of the procedural form used in the claim and simplified proceedings is of particular value. The author comes to the conclusion that in simplified proceedings, a truncated procedural form is used, which is characterized by such manifestations of procedural economy as the absence of a preliminary meeting, summoning the parties to a court session, the prohibition of the court’s examination of evidence provided in violation of deadlines, making a decision without a reasoned part, etc. It is noted that the effectiveness of arbitration proceedings should not be achieved by violating the fundamental principles of civil proceedings. In conclusion, the author concludes that the procedural form should be defined as a system of scientifically grounded, normatively defined conditions of effective and correct resolution of civil cases, determined by legal relations to be protected.
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Dudorova, Tetyana Yu. "DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF GOODS DECLARATION IN CONDITIONS OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES." Management 28, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2415-3206.2018.2.6.
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Introduction and purpose of the study. Trends in global development in the context of the global economic crisis dictate new challenges, in particular, the simplification of customs and logistics procedures during the import and export of goods to (from) the territory of countries. Today, the maximum approximation of customs procedures in Ukraine to the European and world standards is gradually being made, their maximum simplification at all stages, the reduction of the influence of the human factor on the results of the customs introduction of the elements of the electronic document flow system in the execution of customs clearance and customs control of goods.The hypothesis of scientific research. It is anticipated that in today's conditions of openness of the Ukrainian economy the necessary condition for the organization of the customs business – in general – and customs control, in particular, is the declaration, identification and control of customs value, which has fiscal and regulatory potential, and accordingly characterized by problematic issues that require new theoretical and practical approaches to its evaluation and control. The purpose of the article is to study the current mechanism of customs declaration of goods in Ukraine.Methods of research: in the process of work, the following methods of economic research were used: system-structural, abstract-logical, comparative and balance, expert assessments, etc.Results: The state of the procedure of customs clearance of goods is considered and investigated. The given results of practical introduction of electronic document circulation with the use of electronic digital signature in the customs business of Ukraine.Conclusions. The creation of a multifunctional integrated electronic customs system is aimed at strengthening Ukraine's customs security, further developing and adapting the information systems of the State Customs Service of Ukraine to the standards of the European Union, creating conditions for accelerating customs control and customs clearance procedures, improving the level of services provided by the state in the customs sphere, restriction of the possibility of committing illegal and corrupt acts.
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Smachnyi, Vitalii. "Development of organizational mechanism for local communities cooperation." Public administration and local government, no. 4(43) (December 25, 2019): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/101917.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of regulation of cooperation of local communities as a component of the organizational mechanism of cooperation. It is revealed that such document as a Regulation is a legal act that defines an administrative procedure (administrative procedures). The Regulations define the mandatory requirements for administrative processes and their components in the amount and forms that allow ensuring effective implementation of their competence by the local governmental body, its structural units and officials.
The general principles for developing administrative procedures by the Regulations, including Regulations on cooperation are considered. It is determined that in order to optimize and modernize the performance of cooperation functions, any Regulation on cooperation should ensure: unification and universalization of the procedure for implementation of cooperation functions by local communities within their tasks; optimization of performance indicators on cooperation tasks; elimination of unnecessary administrative actions and procedures within the framework of cooperation; simplification of administrative procedures in the implementation of cooperation; reducing the period of administrative actions and procedures in the process of interaction of local communities; elimination of unjustified actions at the discretion of bodies or officials within the framework of cooperation; removal of unjustified burden on local communities that act within the framework of cooperation.
It has been researched that the Regulations on cooperation establish administrative procedures for cooperation of local self-government bodies.
It is revealed that the Regulations on cooperation of local communities should provide the following procedures: exchange of information on planned activities and decisions on cooperation tasks; developing coherent approaches in the preparation of draft regulatory acts within the cooperation objectives; ensuring additional control over the processes of formation, implementation and responsibility for agreed programs and projects within the cooperation objectives; coordination of practical actions of the relevant local self-government bodies within cooperation tasks.
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Fatqurhohman, Fatqurhohman. "Characteristics of Students In Resolving Word Problems Based on Gender." Journal of Education and Learning Mathematics Research (JELMaR) 2, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37303/jelmar.v2i1.42.
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This study aims to analyze student errors in resolving word problems, which are then formulated into characteristics of student errors according to gender. The subject selection was done randomly from male and female students of grade VII who made mistakes in solving the questions. Research data from the test results of 2 items word problem type. The form of student error is based on misconceptions, procedures, and techniques. The results showed the students' misconceptions, don’t understand question commands, do not write information correctly, misinterpret question information, do not simplify fractions correctly, do not understand the value of fractions, misunderstand number signs/symbols and do not understand number signs/symbols, incorrectly determine signs/symbols of operations. Procedural error, incorrectly determining the settlement operation Technical errors, incorrectly using calculation operation marks, incorrectly performing calculation operations, incomplete settlement steps, incomplete simplification, incorrect simplification. Technical errors, namely calculations are not in accordance with the command, less careful (careless) writing answers, errors in writing answers and it do not match the command questions (conclusion). The reason is not understanding the reading and not being familiar with the questions. Students' understanding and knowledge of reading have an important role in identifying, interpreting, and even selecting or determining completion strategies.
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Stacewicz, Paweł. "Evolutionary Schema of Modeling Based on Genetic Algorithms." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2015-0011.
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Abstract In this paper, I propose a populational schema of modeling that consists of: (a) a linear AFSV schema (with four basic stages of abstraction, formalization, simplification, and verification), and (b) a higher-level schema employing the genetic algorithm (with partially random procedures of mutation, crossover, and selection). The basic ideas of the proposed solution are as follows: (1) whole populations of models are considered at subsequent stages of the modeling process, (2) successive populations are subjected to the activity of genetic operators and undergo selection procedures, (3) the basis for selection is the evaluation function of the genetic algorithm (this function corresponds to the model verification criterion and reflects the goal of the model). The schema can be applied to automate the modeling of the mind/brain by means of artificial neural networks: the structure of each network is modified by genetic operators, modified networks undergo a learning cycle, and successive populations of networks are verified during the selection procedure. The whole process can be automated only partially, because it is the researcher who defines the evaluation function of the genetic algorithm.