Academic literature on the topic 'Process abnormality'
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Journal articles on the topic "Process abnormality"
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Triyanto, Agus. "Energy Consumption Analysis to Detect Process Failure in Rubber Compound Mixing Process." ACMIT Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2019): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/acmit.v5i1.79.
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There are many ways to detect the abnormality of rubber mixing process regardless of the availability of indicator system of the abnormality. One way is to detect the problem after the result of rubber production tested by laboratory teams. Abnormality will be late to be anticipated because the result of the test will appear after 8 to 10 batch afterward. The abnormality in the mixing process will be detected if the results of the testing compound are out of the specification. The energy consumption will be measured for every batch by using the internal current sensor in the AC motor main drive. By reading the figure of measurement, energy consumption character will be identified and the specification standard of energy consumption can be defined. The process will follow the specification standard of energy consumption and abnormality condition will be corrected immediately.
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Yamada, Yohei, Masanori Kawakubo, Osamu Hirai, Nobuhiro Konishi, Syuhei Kurokawa, and Toshiro Doi. "Tribological Behavior of Metal CMP and Detection of Process Abnormality." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 155, no. 8 (2008): H569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2939214.
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Koole, R., G. Voorhout, and H. A. W. Hazewinkel. "Mandibular Coronoid Process Displacement: Signs, Causes, Treatment." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 06, no. 01 (1993): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633143.
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SummaryOpen-mout h locking due to lateral impingement of the mandibular coronoid process, lateral to the zygomatic arch, is described in five dogs and one cat. In order to elucidate the underlying cause of this abnormality, radiographs of temporomandibular joints of forty dogs, as well as the case history of a human patient, are compared. Three possible aetiologies are given, namely, flattening of the zygomatic arch, aberrant architecture of the condylar aspects, or contracture of the pterygoid muscle. An effective surgical treatment to prevent recur-rence of coronoid impingement was achieved by ostectomy of the locking part of the coronoid process.Unilateral protrusion of the mandible is described as a veterinary and comparative abnormality in five dogs, a cat and a woman. For the impingement of the coronoid process lateral of the zygomatic arch causing open-mouth locking in the animals, three aetiologies and an effective ostectomy of the coronoid process are given.
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Rasad, Siti Darodjah, Nurcholidah Solihati, Kikin Winangun, Annisa Yusrina, and Fahmy Avicenna. "Effect of Incubation Time During Sperm Sexing Process on Sperm Quality of Pasundan Bull." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 25, no. 3 (2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v25i3.2494.
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The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of incubation time on viability, plasma membrane integrity, abnormality, and DNA integrity of sexed Pasundan’s bulls sperm. The sperm sexing used 5% and 10% concentrations of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). A completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications was used in this study. The data were analyzed using variance analysis followed by Duncan’s multiple distance test. Parameter evaluated were sperm longevity, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), abnormality, and DNA integrity of sexed Pasundan bulls sperm. Results showed that incubation time gave significant effect (P<0.05) on the longevity of sperm, but not on the PMI of Pasundan bulls sexed sperm. The incubation time of 45 minutes gave the highest value of longevity sperm on the upper layer (4.33 days) and the lower layer (4.17 days). Furthermore, the abnormality of sperm X in the upper layer was 4.00%-4.20% and the lower layer was 4.10%- 4.40%. Meanwhile, the DNA integrity of an upper layer was 98.16%-98.66%, and the lower layer was 97.83%-98.58%. It is concluded that 45 minutes of incubation time significantly affected the longevity of sperm, but not plasma membrane integrity, abnormality, and DNA integrity of Pasundan bulls sexed sperm.
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Shah, Mukesch J., Jan Kaminsky, and Vassilios I. Vougioukas. "Surgical removal of a symptomatic paracondylar process." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 10, no. 5 (2009): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.2.spine08461.
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The paracondylar process is a rare congenital abnormality of the craniocervical junction that has been identified as a causative agent for severe headache, neck pain, and restricted head movement. Although conservative treatment is usually sufficient, the authors report the case of a symptomatic paracondylar process in a young patient who required surgical intervention.
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Son, Young-Tae, and Deok-Kyun Yun. "Abnormality Detection to Non-linear Multivariate Process Using Supervised Learning Methods." IE interfaces 24, no. 1 (2011): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7232/ieif.2011.24.1.008.
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Gilmour, Justin, and Liuping Wang. "Detection of process abnormality in food extruder using principle component analysis." Chemical Engineering Science 57, no. 7 (2002): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00432-8.
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Hasanah, Ilmiatul. "SPEECH ABNORMALITY OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIC CHARACTER IN MIDDLE SCHOOL MOVIE." PARADIGM 1, no. 2 (2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/prdg.v1i2.10097.
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Speech abnormality is one of the effects of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder caused by the imbalance of neurotransmitter levels in the brain. The brain has the most crucial role in language process, this affects the content of the message to be conveyed. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze speech abnormality of schizophrenic’s main character in Middle School movie. This study observed the types of speech abnormality of Rafe as the main character in the Middle School film. There were two objectives in this research; first, to identify the speech abnormality found in the Rafe’s utterances in the movie; second, to identify how Rafe’s utterances hindered the process of conveying information. Based on the analysis of speech abnormality, the finding revealed that Rafe experienced all types of speech bnormality. Based on Liddle's theory, these types included poverty of speech, weakening of goal, looseness, peculiar logic, peculiar sentence, peculiar word, preservation of ideas, and distractibility. This classification was based on Liddle's theory (2002). The researcher also used Carter's (2019) theory about languages influenced by the brain. The article concludes with a few suggestions to help people understand more clearly the types of schizophrenic speech abnormality.
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Alrbata, Raed H., Ayham Kh Alfaqih, Mohammad R. Almhaidat, and Ahmad M. Al-Tarawneh. "Thresholds of Abnormality Perception in Facial Esthetics among Laypersons and Dental Professionals: Profile Esthetics." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (October 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2068961.
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Aim. To find thresholds at which laypersons and dental professionals from Jordanian population perceive abnormalities in sagittal positioning of upper and lower jaws as a major determinant to facial profile esthetics. Materials and Methods. Using photo editing software, a baseline profile image of a young male was manipulated on a 2 mm incremental basis to move each of the upper and lower jaws backward and forward relative to true vertical line (TVL) at which four variables of maxillary and mandibular retrusion and protrusion were researched. A total of 120 participants divided equally into four groups of laypersons, general dental practitioners (GDPs), orthodontists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs) rated the images using an analog scale of 100 mm long. The image that showed the first statistical difference compared to the baseline was considered as a threshold of abnormality. Results. Laypersons, GDPs, and OMFSs perceived the abnormality in the maxillary retrusion at −5 mm to TVL, while orthodontists defined that at −3 mm. All dental professionals perceived the abnormality in the maxillary protrusion at +1 mm to TVL while the layperson group at +3 mm. A threshold of −7 mm mandibular retrusion to TVL was abnormally perceived by all groups. All dental professionals realized the abnormality in the mandibular protrusion at 0 mm to TVL while the laypersons at +2 mm. Conclusion. These thresholds regarding profile esthetics may contribute to the process of establishing proper orthodontic treatment planning that suits the highest facial esthetic standards.
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Gutierrez Becker, Benjamin, Tassilo Klein, and Christian Wachinger. "Gaussian process uncertainty in age estimation as a measure of brain abnormality." NeuroImage 175 (July 2018): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.075.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Process abnormality"
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Malope, Malebo Felicia. "Exploring the decision making process of women offered termination of pregnancy for serious congenital abnormality." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27900.
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Background: A weekly pregnancy counselling clinic is held in conjunction with foetal medicine experts at Groote Schuur Hospital for women with pregnancies complicated by foetal anomalies. In cases with poor prognoses, termination of pregnancy (TOP) may be offered. The women receive genetic counselling where the ultrasound findings, invasive testing and TOP options are discussed. Decision-making is the focus of these sessions. The experiences and decision-making processes of the women in this clinic are poorly understood, therefore this project aims to explore these women's experiences and what factors influence their decision-making regarding TOP. Methods: Qualitative research, drawing on principles of phenomenology was used as the study design. The sample for this study are women who had a prenatal diagnosis of a serious congenital abnormality and were offered TOP. The women were identified using the Division of Human Genetics pregnancy counselling database at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. Semistructured face-to-face interviews with open-ended questions were used to collect the data and close-ended questions were used to obtain the demographic data. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using a thematic data analysis approach. A total of 12 women were interviewed. Results: Five themes were identified in this study. These include "Health care services", "Home", "Being a woman", "Finding meaning", and "The aftermath". The healthcare services impacted the manner in which the women made sense of the ultrasound findings. Support (or lack of) from family and the community impacted on their decision-making. Stigma attached to having a child with a disability and/or stigma against TOP and partner relationships played a role. The women questioned their role as a woman and obligations of child-bearing. Finding meaning for the event was important and this process continued until after the delivery or after the child was born. Following the event having a burial and giving away the child's clothes were found to play a significant role in their adjustment. Discussion and Conclusion: The decision-making process was multifaceted and unique to each woman. They consulted their families, partners and community but in the end they made the final decision. The women considered a multitude of factors but it seems that there may be one deciding factor. This in depth exploration of the women's experiences has provided valuable insight into the decision-making process, which can be used to improve the services offered to patients.
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Baumard, Carole. ""Ça se fait pas ! " : la norme au CM2." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR026/document.
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« Ça se fait pas ! ». La norme à l’école est marquée par des nuances et des ambivalences, sources d’incompréhensions et de concurrences, participant à sa fluctuation. L’élève joue un rôle premier devant l’enseignant, acteur, créateur et agent de la norme. La norme en classe présente un caractère inégal, binaire, ambigu, indéterminé et implicite, avec le reflet illusoire d’être partagée par l’élève et l’enseignant. La norme devient homogène pour eux face à une infraction identifiée, majoritairement comme abstention. Dans l’interdépendance entre norme, déviance et acceptation, les limites de l’acceptable en classe se tracent avant tout par rapport à la transgression. L’intrusion de l’affect accentue les fluctuations de la norme et influence les limites du conforme. La norme en classe se décline en situation au sein de l’interaction, dans la dialectique entre conscience et pratique de la norme, qui participe au processus de normalisation. Le registre comportemental est organisateur de la norme et facteur de fluctuations, modulant l’acceptation ou engageant vers la transgression. Les perspectives déontique et pragmatique se concurrencent. Dans la rivalité entre perspectives individuelle et sociale, les besoins sont des facteurs de l’acceptation de la norme, pour chercher à les satisfaire. L’interdépendance entre norme et besoins contribue au processus de normalisation et perturbe l’élève et l’enseignant dans leur rapport à la norme. Les normes en classe se conjuguent ou rivalisent au sein d’un système dynamique et enchevêtré, troublé par les besoins, dont la (l’in)cohérence module le rapport au conforme et engage les acteurs de l’école vers la transgression ou l’acceptation<br>“It’s just not done !”. The norm at school is marked by nuances and ambivalences, it is the source of incomprehension and competitions participating in its fluctuation. The student plays the first role in front of the teacher, actor, creator and agent of the norm. The norm provides for an uneven, binary, ambiguous, indefinite and implicit character, offering the imaginary reflection to be shared by the students and teachers. The norm becomes homogeneous for them when confronted with an identified breach, mainly as abstention. In the interdependence animating normality, abnormality and acceptance, the limits of what is considered acceptable at school trace above all with regard to transgression. The intrusion of the affect stresses the fluctuations in the norm and influences the limits of the standard-compliant. The norm is articulated around the situation within the interaction, in the dialectic between consciousness and practice of the norm, which participates in the process of normalization. The behavioral register is the organizer of the norm itself, modulating the acceptance or committing towards the transgression. The deontic and pragmatic perspectives compete amongst themselves. Requirements are factors of the norm’s acceptance, to try to satisfy them. The interdependence between the norm and the requirements participates in the process of normalization and disrupts both students and teachers in their relationship with the norm. The norms at school combine or compete within a system both dynamic and muddled, disturbed by the requirements of coherence which modulate the relationship in compliance and commits school’s actors towards either transgression or acceptance
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Cheng, Yu Fang, and 鄭宇芳. "Abnormality Detection for TSV Process in TSV-based 3D DRAM Manufacturing Process." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31924455300103070913.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>電機工程學系<br>104<br>Recently, keeping Moore’s law is more difficult because of the limitations of the process. Through-silicon via (TSV) based three dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) is a popular way to meet the law. Thanks to the shorter vertical interconnection paths in 3D IC, its performance can be better than other packages or stacking technologies. There are many methods to stack dies together, e.g., wafer-to-wafer (W2W), die-to-wafer (D2W), and die-to-die stacking (D2D). In this work, without loss of generality, we assume the D2W stacking process is adopted. Moreover, memory is the most important product in semiconductors, and thanks to the rapid growth of data communication and smart handheld devices, the requirement of semiconductor memory is also growing. Recently, three dimensional DRAM (such as Wide-IO, Wide-IO2, HBM, etc.) which utilizes TSVs as the vertical paths to communicate between dies is considered as a good approach to achieving higher bandwidth and larger capacity. However, new defects can be introduced during the extra steps in manufacturing the 3D DRAM. Each added step may introduce its own type of new defects, reducing the overall yield. To prevent dramatic yield loss, the 3D DRAM may need to be tested before and/or after TSV fabrication. This work focuses on the TSV fabrication process, which is part of the entire wafer fabrication, packaging and testing flow for 3D-IC products. We analyze the test data from automatic test equipment (ATE) by spatial and temporal analysis. We separate the TSV array into several regions, and try to find the trend of misalignment by comparing the yields of these regions. In addition, we group failed TSVs which are close to each other. This work can get 92.392% in total detection accuracy, and 99.9843% for random failure, 97.2268% for cluster failure, and 79.8066% for misalignment.
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WANG, CHEN-PIN, and 王振彬. "Harnessing Decision Trees to Analyze the Process Abnormality in the LED Manufacturing." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n76avt.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>102<br>The production of light emitting diode (LED) is an important issue, of which industry brings a lot of values and employments in Taiwan. However, the abnormality in the production of LED is not easy to detect during the manufacturing process because of the following reasons. First, the problem is not only occurring in a uni-work to one machine of one site, but is probably in a co-work among different machines of different sites. Therefore, managers are hard to utilize a traditional approach, such as statistics, to find their corrections among the machines of disjoint sites. They could attempt to combine all possible cases to test abnormalities; however, the seaching time to gainning solutions would be exponential. Second, even though we can find the abnormality in the production of LED, the experience is difficult to be accumlated since the technology to produce LED is frequently updated. As the technology being updated, the new devices and manufacturing process are renewed so that the past experience or belief is piddling. According to the above descriptions, the study employs one of the data mining techniques, decision trees, to address the issue. The benefits of the decision tree technique are: (1) it can discover the corrections among the different machines of disjoint sites and does not have to combine all cases by managers and (2) as collecting new manufacturing data, managers can gain new solutions automatically and quickly by the technique without by the out-of-date experience. A manufacturing LED case of a hi-tech enterprise in Taiwan is to be investigated for demonstrating the argument of this study.
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Lin, Kuo-Fang, та 林國芳. "Improved the Vth abnormality of 0.4μm P-type-Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor (PMOS) by modifing Drive-in process". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87319903016646297545.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工學院碩士在職專班半導體材料與製程設備組<br>99<br>In this thesis, fabrication and the Vth abnormality of 0.4μm P-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (PMOS) has been studied.
Initially, we discuss which factors affect volts for 0.4μm PMOS by device design and layout issue but we use analysis of variance to find more influence on Vth is Drive-in process. Position (C6) of machine No (甲 and 戊) are the most difference in analysis drive-in machine and position by (Analysis of Variance, ANOVA).
It’s a simple method and low-cost to manufacture the PMOS then (secondary-ion mass spectrometry, SIMS) analysis surface concentration of N-well ”phosphorous”. The feature of process was the method of forming PMOS spacer of MOSFET. Simultaneously, we can simply guess that Thermal-Budget of drive-in is too high by appearance of low Vth and surface concentration low of SIMS analysis N-well”phosphorous”.
Moreover, we find control factor (drive-in temperature) and the most prescription by design of experiment. Due to appearance of low Vth, surface concentration low of SIMS analysis and results design of experiment. Therefore, in order to solve this issue, we create the new test method(1150℃, 1hour, 10L dry-oxidation measure thickness of wafer) to control Thermal-Budget of Drive-in.
Finally, we execute the the new test method treatment to further improve the production performance , such as stable of negative Vth , reduce leakage current and better subthreshold swing , etc.
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Kuo, Ling-Lih, and 郭玲莉. "The impact and Adaptive process of the women whose fetuses were diagnosed abnormality during the termination of second trimester pregnancy." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18906502344090294748.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>護理學系<br>85<br>The study design was a descriptive qualitative approach. The
purpose of this study was to explore the impact and adaptive
process of the women whose fetusesdiagnosed abnormality during
the termination of the second trimester pregnancy. Field
method "observer as participant" undertaken in this study.
During thecourse of the hospitalization , the researcher served
as a care-giver. Five collect data Times were after laminaria ,
8 hours after delivery of fetus , and7 , 14 , 21 day after the
termination . All of the five women''s behaviors were written as
a narrative process recording . By means of content analysis,
theverbal behaviors of subjects were systematically analyzed and
categorized . The results found that the impact on the women
includes: 1. Uncertaintyabout the problem of the fetus''s body.
2. Struggle and anxiety when give up theabnormal fetus. 3. The
mother''s expectations were broken. 4. Puzzle to face
thereappraipal of the fost''s role. The adaptive process
includes: 1. Identify of the abnormal fetus. 2. Try tocopy the
impact of the termination on the physical and psychological
aspects.3. Isolation of self. 4. Contact the enviroment. 5. To
finish the task of the abnormal fetus''s mother. 6. To elevate
the confidence of mother, and try to accept the new challenge.
Broken of the mother''s expectations and self comfort the emotion
found during the study course. Uncertainty about the problems of
fetus''s body; Identify of the abnormal fetus ; and discontented
with medical that could be found till the first two weeks after
the termination. We could find in the firsttwo weeks after the
termination includes complain with body problems and discomfort
; Puzzle to face the reappraisal of foster''s role; Isolation of
self.Until the 14 -21 days after the termination we could find
Contact the environment , Claiming , and To elevate the
confidence of mother, and try to accept the newchallenge. The
results of this study could become a reference material for the
obstetrical department''s nursing staff who care those women.
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Amiri, Mohammad Sadegh. "Robustness versus performance tradeoffs in PID tuning." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/647.
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Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009.<br>Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Dec. 10, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.
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Stowasser, Marek. "Instituty související s nabídkovou cenou v procesu zadávání veřejných zakázek." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347624.
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The main aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of selected institutes related to the tender price in the award procedures of public contracts in the light of the new Act No. 134/2016 Coll., on public procurement, with its main focus on evaluation of impacts of the new legislation and identification of its potential risks, while its partial focus lies in comparison with previous legislation, i.e. Act No. 137/2006 Coll., on public procurement, as amended, and assessment of usage of up to now decision practice of the Office for the Protection of Competition and case law of administrative courts. The first chapter deals with a brief overview of the public procurement legislation, its aims and purposes and identification of elementary characteristics of the award procedures of public contracts. The subject of the second chapter is to analyze preliminary market consultation from the general point of view and simultaneously to provide an analysis with a focus on its application, practical execution, benefits and drawbacks related thereto and its influence on the procurement procedures. The third chapter deals with the estimated value of public contracts, rules of its calculation, the issue of division of public contracts and its influence on tender prices. The fourth chapter...
Books on the topic "Process abnormality"
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Archer, Nick, and Nicky Manning. Heart muscle disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230709.003.0015.
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Introduction 220Types of heart muscle disease 222Assessment 228Treatment 230Heart muscle disease in the fetus can be a 1° (often genetically determined) abnormality or 2° to another disease process in the fetus or the mother. These functional types of heart muscle disease are discussed in this chapter....
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McKinlay Gardner, R. J., and David J. Amor. Reproductive Failure. Edited by R. J. McKinlay Gardner and David J. Amor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199329007.003.0019.
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Human conception and pregnancy is both a vulnerable and a robust process. It is vulnerable in that a large proportion of all conceptions are chromosomally abnormal, with the great majority of such pregnancies aborting. It is robust in that more than 99% of the time, a term pregnancy results in a chromosomally normal baby; unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities are seen in less than 1% of newborns. This chapter considers the somewhat surprising vulnerability of the human species to chromosome abnormality, from prior to, at, and following conception. A remarkable fraction of pregnancy loss is due to chromosomal imbalance, and there is an associated maternal age effect. This chapter considers the chromosomal contribution to miscarriage, fetal death in utero, and perinatal death. Recurrent pregnancy loss may have a chromosomal basis, and male and female infertility may relate to abnormality of, in particular, the sex chromosomes. The genetics of hydatidiform mole is reviewed.
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McKinlay Gardner, R. J., and David J. Amor. Chromosomal Disorders of Sex Development. Edited by R. J. McKinlay Gardner and David J. Amor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199329007.003.0023.
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Chromosomal sex is, for the most part, congruently XX female and XY male. The XX and XY embryo are built on a fundamentally similar outline plan, and only as development proceeds do certain modifications evolve. If at any point in this sequential process some genetic instruction is faulty, inappropriate, or cannot be acted on, the direction of anatomical sexual development may proceed imperfectly or completely incongruently. This chapter reviews the conditions of ambiguous/incomplete/indeterminate development of the internal and external genitalia, where the basis of this is a chromosome abnormality, usually of the X or the Y chromosome. The key role of the SRY male-determining gene in a number of these conditions is noted. The de novo or familial origin of these disorders is discussed, with particular reference to possible risks of recurrence.
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Williams, Erin S. Asthmatic for Adenotonsillectomy. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0005.
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Asthma is a chronic reversible pulmonary condition. It is the most common respiratory disease as it affects 6 million to 9 million children in the United States. The patient with asthma can experience reversible bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsivness, and increased mucus production. Inflammation is the fundamental abnormality. This dynamic process exists on a spectrum of mild, moderate, or severe. Patients may exhibit expiratory wheezing, obstruction to expiration, and/or inspiration, cough, and respiratory distress. Given the prevalence of asthma and its potential for significant morbidity and mortality, it is important that the anesthesiologist be able to determine the severity of disease and prevent and/or treat bronchospasm.
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Boudreau, Eric, and Brian Egan. Anesthetic Management of Chiari Decompression. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0028.
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Chiari malformation is a congenital neurodevelopment abnormality affecting the cerebellum and the brainstem. This chapter looks at the etiology, history, diagnostic criteria, physical exam findings, pathophysiology, and treatment for this disease process from the perspective of an anesthesiologist. The signs and symptoms stemming from Chiari malformations including syringomyelia, respiratory dysfunction, and vasomotor instability will be discussed. Preoperative considerations will be examined as well as ways to optimize these patients prior to surgery. Intraoperative anesthetic goals for patients undergoing Chiari decompression will be presented and postoperative objectives will be examined in detail. The ultimate purpose of this chapter is to review relevant literature and put forth a set of recommendations regarding the anesthetic care of complicated patients undergoing intracranial surgery.
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Pitt, Matthew. Needle EMG findings in different pathologies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0007.
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In this chapter, the inability of electromyography (EMG) to be able to further progress the diagnosis of myopathy on its own—requiring muscle biopsy and other modalities such as genetics to complete this process—is emphasized. The role of EMG particularly in the era of genetics is discussed. Findings in neurogenic abnormality are next described and the important hereditary conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), distal SMA, Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome, segmental anterior horn cell disease, conditions with progressive bulbar palsy, SMARD1, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia with spinal muscle are discussed in detail. The differential diagnosis of 5q SMA type 1 is specifically outlined. Acquired forms of anterior horn disease, including Hirayama disease, poliomyelitis and enteropathic motor neuropathy, Hopkins syndrome, tumours, and vascular lesions are covered. There is discussion of the use of physiological tests to monitor progress in SMA, with tests including compound muscle action potential amplitude and motor unit number estimation. Finally, the important correlation between muscle biopsy and EMG is highlighted.
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Zachar, Peter, and Kenneth S. Kendler. A DSM insiders’ history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725978.003.0041.
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Chapter 41 discusses a kind of in vivo case study of the interactions between science and extra-scientific processes involved in the construction of nosological categories of psychiatry. The very first medical report on a cluster of symptoms, regularly affecting some women over their menstrual cycle, the so-called syndrome of premenstrual tension, appeared in 1931. The name changed with time to premenstrual syndrome, subsequently renamed as late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) and is currently known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It was listed as a psychiatric disorder in the DSM-III, but was later moved to the section on the condition deserving further study (aka the “appendix”). In the DSM-5, PMDD returned to the main section of the manual devoted to depressive disorders as a diagnosis approved for routine clinical use. The PDD is an ideal-type condition to stimulate a controversy about its justification as a psychiatric disorder. By its nature it affects only females (here, feminist issues may arise); it is clearly linked to physiological rhythm (is it not a somatic issue?); does it exist as a distinct behavioral abnormality or is it just a variant of female experience?: does it need to be treated pharmacologically? (the issues of medicalization and “big pharma”). It provides a detailed narrative on the vicissitudes of this psychiatric nosological category, which is not only based on a careful study by interested outsiders but is crucially enriched by the insights of one of the participants of the very process of DSM construction.
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Roberts, Ian S. D., Philip Mason, and Agnes B. Fogo. The renal biopsy. Edited by Christopher G. Winearls. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0018.
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This chapter describes the indications for renal biopsy, the procedure, processing of the specimen and the diagnostic method applied by the nephropathologist, and illustrates the spectrum of pathologies seen. The terminology used in renal pathology is explained and illustrated. Diagnostic algorithms are presented. More detailed descriptions of the various pathologies, and in particular the rarer entities, are provided in specific chapters. The focus will be on native renal diseases. The renal biopsy is an invasive procedure associated with a risk of serious complications. The decision to perform a biopsy is based on a careful risk: benefit assessment. The final diagnosis is usually derived from combining clinical and histological data; it is therefore essential that the nephrologist includes all relevant information on the pathology request form. Discussion of the biopsy findings at a multidisciplinary meeting is an important part of the diagnostic and management decision-making process. The essential starting point for histological diagnosis is to define the morphological abnormality at light microscopy, the ‘pattern of disease’. In only a minority of cases will this be sufficient to provide a firm diagnosis; more frequently the morphology provides the basis for formulating a differential diagnosis. Supplemental information from immunohistology and electron microscopy, in addition to clinical, biochemical, and serological data, are used to reach a precise diagnosis. In addition to diagnosis, the renal biopsy may provide prognostic information and be used to guide therapy. For inflammatory renal diseases in particular, the biopsy report will include measures of disease activity and chronicity. In some instances the diagnosis may already be clear, and the biopsy is performed for grading and staging purposes or to assist in decisions about treatment.
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McKinlay Gardner, R. J., and David J. Amor. The Origins and Consequences of Chromosome Pathology. Edited by R. J. McKinlay Gardner and David J. Amor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199329007.003.0003.
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To deal intelligently with common questions from “chromosomal families,” counselors need a broad knowledge of how gametes form, how chromosomes behave, and how the early conceptus grows. This chapter describes the ways in which chromosomes are transmitted, and the ways in which these processes can go wrong and lead to clinical abnormality. The distinction is made between “pure” aneuploidies, and abnormalities due to structural rearrangement. In particular, meiotic nondisjunction, with respect to the generation of pure aneuploidy, is discussed in considerable detail. The origins of chromosome mosaicism are reviewed. Mention is made of abnormalities due to epigenetic mechanisms.
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Bhole, Malini. Neutrophil abnormalities. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0295.
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Neutrophils are an important component of the innate immune system, forming the first line of defence against bacterial invasion. Abnormalities in either neutrophil numbers or function lead to immunodeficiency disorders affecting the innate immune system, with a predisposition towards developing serious and often life-threatening infections. Alterations in neutrophil numbers and function may also be noted secondary to systemic diseases, where they may act as markers for ongoing disease processes. Most of the primary neutrophil disorders discussed in this chapter will present in childhood. In adults, acquired neutropenia is the commonest neutrophil abnormality encountered in clinical practice, although, rarely, some primary neutrophil defects may present.
Book chapters on the topic "Process abnormality"
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Zolnikov, Konstantin P., Dmitrij S. Kryzhevich, and Aleksandr V. Korchuganov. "Regularities of Structural Rearrangements in Single- and Bicrystals Near the Contact Zone." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_14.
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AbstractThe chapter is devoted to the analysis of the features of local structural rearrangementsin nanostructured materialsunder shear loadingand nanoindentation. The study was carried out using molecular dynamics-based computer simulation. In particular, we investigated the features of symmetric tilt grain boundary migration in bcc and fcc metals under shear loading. The main emphasis was on identifying atomic mechanisms responsible for the migration of symmetric tilt grain boundaries. We revealed that grain boundaries of this type can move with abnormally high velocities up to several hundred meters per second. The grain boundary velocity depends on the shear rate and grain boundary structure. It is important to note that the migration of grain boundary does not lead to the formation of structural defects. We showed that grain boundary moves in a pronounced jump-like manner as a result of a certain sequence of self-consistent displacements of grain boundary atomic planes and adjacent planes. The number of atomic planes involved in the migration process depends on the structure of the grain boundary. In the case of bcc vanadium, five planes participate in the migration of the Σ5(210)[001] grain boundary, and three planes determine the Σ5(310)[001] grain boundary motion. The Σ5(310)[001] grain boundary in fcc nickel moves as a result of rearrangements of six atomic planes. The stacking order of atomic planes participating in the grain boundary migration can change. A jump-like manner of grain boundary motion may be divided into two stages. The first stage is a long time interval of stress increase during shear loading. The grain boundary is motionless during this period and accumulates elastic strain energy. This is followed by the stage of jump-like grain boundary motion, which results in rapid stress drop. The related study was focused on understanding the atomic rearrangements responsible for the nucleation of plasticity near different crystallographic surfaces of fcc and bcc metals under nanoindentation. We showed that a wedge-shaped region, which consists of atoms with a changed symmetry of the nearest environment, is formed under the indentation of the (001) surface of the copper crystallite. Stacking faults arise in the (111) atomic planes of the contact zone under the indentation of the (011) surface. Their escape on the side free surface leads to a step formation. Indentation of the (111) surface is accompanied by nucleation of partial dislocations in the contact zone subsequent formation of nanotwins. The results of the nanoindentation of bcc iron bicrystal show that the grain boundary prevents the propagation of structural defects nucleated in the contact zone into the neighboring grain.
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"The Psychosoma and the Psychoanalytic Process." In Plea For A Measure Of Abnormality. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203776995-13.
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Benarroch, Eduardo E., Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, and Kelly D. Flemming. "Neurophysiology." In Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences, edited by Eduardo E. Benarroch, Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, and Kelly D. Flemming. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190209407.003.0005.
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The temporal profile that has not been considered is the transient, or rapidly reversible, abnormality. Many diseases that produce signs or symptoms of brief duration may not produce destructive changes in cells and may occur without demonstrable histologic abnormality of the involved structures. To understand transient manifestations of disease, it is necessary to understand the physiology of the cells of the nervous system and the mechanism by which they process information. Cells in the nervous system and muscle communicate by electrical signals. Neurons have the ability to generate, conduct, transmit, and respond to electrical activity. Information is transmitted between cells by neurochemical agents that convey the signals from cell to cell. Information is integrated by the interaction of electrical activity in single cells and in groups of cells.
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Freedland, Mark. "Process and Procedure in a Disordered State." In The Foundations and Future of Public Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845249.003.0016.
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The chapter considers the process and procedure of the administrative state at the constitutional level as well as at the administrative one. It thus moves from the plane of administrative law to that of public law. First, it argues that, with regard to the role of controls based on process and procedure, we can discern a movement from the judicial review-centred vision of administrative law to a more multisourced and polycentric conception of public law itself. Second, it advances the suggestion that the discussion of the processes and procedures of the administrative state moves into a different dimension in times of major political crisis such as the one currently being experienced in the United Kingdom. In that dimension, it is contended that the Brexit crisis has posed threats to the rule of law in the United Kingdom, and to the sustainability of the governance of the United Kingdom, of such magnitude as to necessitate a recognition that the state has become fundamentally disordered. Radical responses to this abnormality are required in respect of the processes and procedures which public law imposes upon the three branches of government. The chapter concludes by considering the role of public law scholars in devising and putting forward such responses. It is suggested that Professor Paul Craig has been playing and will continue to play a crucial part in the acceptance and discharge of this grave responsibility.
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Sorenson, Eric J. "Sensory Nerve Action Potentials." In Clinical Neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195385113.003.0017.
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Nerve conduction studies are an invaluable addition to clinical electrophysiology testing. SNAPs are a sensitive and specific measure of function in the peripheral sensory pathways. These studies confirm whether large myelinated axons are affected by an underlying abnormality. When an area that is affected is clinically tested, nerve conduction studies can help to distinguish between a preganglionic (i.e., root level or higher) and a postganglionic (i.e., peripheral) process.
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Araujo, Adriel dos Santos, Roger Resmini, Maira Beatriz Hernandez Moran, Milena Henriques de Sousa Issa, and Aura Conci. "Computer Techniques for Detection of Breast Cancer and Follow Up Neoadjuvant Treatment." In Biomedical Computing for Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3456-4.ch005.
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This chapter explores several steps of the thermal breast exams analysis process in detecting breast abnormality and evaluating the response of pre-surgical treatment. Topics concerning the process of acquiring, storing, and preprocessing these exams, including a novel segmentation proposal that uses collective intelligence techniques, will be discussed. In addition, various approaches to calculating statistical and geometric descriptors from thermal breast examinations are also considered of this chapter. These descriptors can be used at different stages of the analysis process of these exams. In this sense, two experiments will be presented. The first one explores the use of genetic algorithms in the feature selection process. The second conducts a preliminary study that intends to analyze some descriptors, already used in other works, in the process of evaluating preoperative treatment response. This evaluation is of fundamental importance since the response is directly associated with the prognosis of the disease.
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Robinson, Terry, and Jane Scullion. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." In Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0013.
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This chapter covers the causes, signs, and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). It explains the process of diagnosis, from a history, medications, family, and psychosocial history, occupation, and diagnostic procedures. Differential diagnoses that should be excluded are listed. The prevalence of OSA is estimated to be around 4% of the population. It is quite a common disorder, although this figure may be an underestimate as many people may not seek treatment. Prevalence figures also vary according to the chosen threshold for defining a significant sleep abnormality and symptoms. Treatment options are also outlined, and the specific aspects of nursing care are listed.
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Ahmed, S. Faisal, and Angela K. Lucas-Herald. "Normal and abnormal sexual differentiation." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Mark Gurnell. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0257.
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Human sex development follows an orderly sequence of embryological events coordinated by a cascade of gene expression and hormone production in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Underpinning the entire process of fetal sex development is the simple mantra: sex chromosomes (XX or XY) dictate the gonadotype (ovary or testis), which then dictates the somatotype (female or male phenotype). The constitutive sex in fetal development is female. Disorders of sex development (DSD) can be classified into three broad categories based on the knowledge of the karyotype: sex chromosome abnormality (e.g. X/XY, mixed gonadal dysgenesis); XX DSD (e.g. congenital adrenal hyperplasia); XY DSD (e.g. partial androgen insensitivity syndrome).
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Hadden, Robert D. M. "Diseases of the peripheral nerves." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0605.
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This chapter first describes normal physiology, then principles of pathology, typical clinical symptoms and phenotypic subtypes. Lesions of a single nerve (mononeuropathy) include carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and many less commonly affected nerves. Polyneuropathy (generalised abnormality in proportion to nerve length) characteristically causes predominantly distal sensory loss and weakness, and has a large number of possible causes. These include diabetes mellitus, toxins including alcohol, malnutrition especially vitamin B12 deficiency, autoimmune inflammatory demyelination, vasculitis, and genetic neuropathies (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease), although many patients remain idiopathic despite investigation. Only some causes are treatable. The disease process usually primarily affects the axon, but less commonly there is primary demyelination, neuronopathy or interstitial infiltration.
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Rahman, Md Motiar, Looniva Shrestha, and Mst Ara Gulshan. "ER Stress Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease." In Quality Control of Cellular Protein in Neurodegenerative Disorders. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1317-0.ch007.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common etiology of dementia amongst aged individuals and a principal public health-related abnormality. It is considered as a multifactorial disorder, with no particular origin identified, and also some modifiable, as well as non-modifiable threats are correlated with its progression and development. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is considered as a key process in the pathogenesis of AD. In this chapter, the authors present a summary of related transmembrane kinase proteins responsible for the onset of AD as well as show the interrelationship between ER stress and AD. Finally, the authors demonstrate the therapeutics intervention for AD diagnosis by highlighting the current practices to advance novel therapies.
Conference papers on the topic "Process abnormality"
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Wong, David, David A. Clifton, and Lionel Tarassenko. "Probabilistic detection of vital sign abnormality with Gaussian process regression." In 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Bioinformatics & Bioengineering (BIBE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2012.6399671.
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Murase, Motoaki, Isamu Nishida, Ryuta Sato, and Keiichi Shirase. "Automated Measuring Planning for On-Machine Measurement and Re-Machining Process." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2995.
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Abstract On-machine measurement (OMM) is introducing to Numerical Control (NC) machine tools. By the OMM, a workpiece is measured on the machine tool (i.e., without loading and unloading), so OMM can reduce the setup time and positioning error for reloading a workpiece. OMM is used for the process control during machining because it is still difficult to suppress the machining error caused by the cutting process such as the tool deflection, the tool wear and the heat deformation during machining. There are several approaches to on-machine measurement, including non-contact measurements using a laser displacement sensor or imaging equipment and contact measurements using a touch probe. However, to conduct OMM with a touch probe it is necessary to generate an NC program by operators. Moreover, for the process control and monitoring, the information of machining process should be considered in the measuring plan. For process control, measurement of a region that affects machining in the next process should be conducted during the machining process (i.e., after the machining of that region). Furthermore, when some machining abnormality that affects product quality occurs during the machining process, the abnormality should be detected and measured at an early stage to avoid unnecessary machining. This study aims to realize the automation of planning for on-machine measurement, where measurement is conducted at the necessary time during the machining process based on process planning for the early detection of machining abnormality. Furthermore, when a machining abnormality is detected based on the measurement results, the proposed system automatically judges whether to stop machining or to re-machine the affected region.
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Simongyi, Masayuti, and Prabhas Chongstitvatana. "Abnormality Detection in Hard Disk Drive Assembly Process Using Support Vector Machine." In 2018 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2018.8619935.
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Tian, Meijing, Huiqin Jiang, Ren Xu, and Yumin Liu. "A quality abnormality diagnosis method for dynamic process based on pattern recognition." In International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isme20141371.
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Alex Mathew, Jose, A. M. Khan, and U. C. Niranjan. "Diagnosis of the Abnormality Extracted MRI Slice Images of a GUI Based Intelligent Diagnostic Imaging System." In 2011 International Conference on Process Automation, Control and Computing (PACC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pacc.2011.5979011.
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Vachkov, Gancho. "On-Line Learning of Evolving Neural Models for Process Identification and Abnormality Detection." In Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Informatio and Control (ICICIC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicic.2007.420.
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Zhang, Anyi, and Jianwen Wang. "A method for analyzing abnormality of automobile sunroof manufacturing process by using Bayesian method." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Information Technology,Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciba50161.2020.9277233.
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Simongyi, Masayuti, and Prabhas Chongstitvatana. "Machine Learning Methods for Abnormality Detection in Hard Disk Drive Assembly Process: Bi-LSTM, Wavelet-CNN and SVM." In 2018 2nd European Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eecs.2018.00079.
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Ismail, D. "Integrated Process Safety Tools for Managing Risk of Abnormal Operations Condition in Medco E&P." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-f-233.
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Process safety is paramount for the oil and gas industry including Medco E&P. Process Safety is essential to prevent major incidents that may have significant impacts in terms of economic loses, environmental damage, and even human loss. Having a strong Asset and Operating integrity programs is a key to carrying out a strong process safety in day-to-day operations. One element in asset and operations integrity that contributes to delivering a safe operations is managing abnormal operation conditions. Abnormal operation condition is defined as operations with process/system/equipment anomaly because they are outside the safe operating limit (SOL), safety critical equipment (SCE) performance degradation, SCE integrity failure, and disable safety protected function. In Medco E&P, abnormal operations risk have been assessed and managed by several tools or systems such as Safety Critical Element Abnormal Risk Assessment (SCEARA), Integrated Anomaly Alert Notification (IAAN) and SCE Preventive and Corrective Maintenance (SCE PM & CM) deferment process. These tools are made as an effort in case of continuous operations under abnormal conditions is intended by minimizing residual risk to a tolerable level. These tools are implemented by online system in Medco E&P’s enterprise resource planning, known as Business Process Management (BPM). The findings reported from the audit and self-assessment showed that it is perplexing to monitor and track between the correlated systems. This later encouraged the integration of the above tools for better abnormal operation risk management. The integration of the system then introduced as Integrated Process Safety Tools. The Integrated Process Safety Tools adds values to the management of abnormal conditions by reducing overlapping processes in the business process flow, facilitating monitoring and mitigation control, and aligning the SCE deviation mitigation periods based on risks; ranging from report initiation, work order planning until deferment processes and also clear commitment to complete abnormality. Integrated Process Safety Tools are designed to be one of the foundations in building awareness and culture of Process Safety within the Company. This paper shares the experience in managing abnormal operation condition in Medco E&P offshore operations assets both surface facility and subsurface facility that associated with Safety Critical Equipment (SCE) and its enhancement through The Integrated Process Safety Tools. The Integrated Process Safety Tools adds values to the management of abnormal conditions by reducing overlapping processes in the business process flow, simplify monitoring and mitigation control, and aligning the SCE deviation mitigation periods based on risks; ranging from report initiation, work order planning until deferment processes, also clear commitment to complete abnormality.
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Qiu, Tianchen, Xingjian Lai, and Jun Ni. "Machine Learning Based Novelty Detection Methods for Progressive Stamping Process Health Monitoring." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8496.
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Abstract Progressive (die) stamping is a widely used sheet metal forming process in the manufacturing of automobiles and consumer electronics. Current literature suggests limited knowledge of online health monitoring and fault detection capability. This paper aims to propose a data-driven, empirical approach for diagnosing potential abnormal health conditions of the progressive stamping machine. The proposed signal features and selected novelty detection algorithm work together for fault diagnosis and compensate for the lack of theoretical knowledge of this high-volume high-speed production process. Novelty detection, usually approached within the framework of one-class classification, demonstrates luminous potential applications in machine system health monitoring. During progressive stamping process, there are abundant normal operating data while it is unclear how complex machine health factors together affect the feature signals. The task is to recognize the abnormality by recognizing the significance of how testing data differ from training data by forming a decision boundary from normal behaving training data only. Through literature review, One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) is selected as the main algorithm for this application. Through applying kernel tricks, the hyperplane can be used to classify nonlinear machine health indictors. OCSVM also utilizes sparse supporting vectors to form a computationally efficient decision boundary and can therefore be used for online fault detections. In this study, the proposed novelty detection approach is explained and successfully implemented based on industrial data from a progressive stamping machine. The paper discusses the promising results and potential limitations.
Reports on the topic "Process abnormality"
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Li, Howell, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Crowdsourced Vehicle Braking Data to Identify Roadway Hazards. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317272.
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Modern vehicles know more about the road conditions than transportation agencies. Enhanced vehicle data that provides information on “close calls” such as hard braking events or road conditions during winter such as wheel slips and traction control will be critical for improving safety and traffic operations. This research applied conflict analyses techniques to process approximately 1.5 million hard braking events that occurred in the state of Indiana over a period of one week in August 2019. The study looked at work zones, signalized intersections, interchanges and entry/exit ramps. Qualitative spatial frequency analysis of hard-braking events on the interstate demonstrated the ability to quickly identify temporary and long-term construction zones that warrant further investigation to improve geometry and advance warning signs. The study concludes by recommending the frequency of hard-braking events across different interstate routes to identify roadway locations that have abnormally high numbers of “close calls” for further engineering assessment.