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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Process and Product Modeling'
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1
Bromberg, Matthew F. (Matthew Fox) 1970. "Modeling design rework in a product development process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34712.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38).
Managing the product development process is of vital concern to corporations. A critical aspect of product development that negatively impacts program cost and timing is rework. Unfortunately, in large organizations with successive development cycles, the product, process and organizational complexity preclude simple solutions. Even given sufficient data, many organizations do not understand what constitutes good and bad performance relative to rework. Through research at General Motors Truck Product Group, a model was developed that forecasts expected total rework. The model assumes rework is a function of: 1) The product portfolio and timing; 2) The complexity of each product program; 3) The pattern of rework over time for product programs; 4) The "lifecycle age" of each product program. The model has four potential uses: A) To aid in portfolio/project planning; B) To provide a rework performance baseline for management; C) To evaluate initiatives with regards to their impact on design rework; D) To identify leverage targets for management attention and improvement.
by Matthew F. Bromberg.
S.M.
M.B.A.
2
Srivali, Nahathai. "New approach to drug product process design : leveraging first principles modeling and cross-product process monitoring to improve process design robustness." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99039.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-89).
Abstract The vision of the Operations Technology Group at Amgen is to enable a robust pipeline through focused and efficient operations research studies. Process design is traditionally developed by performing experiments, but other approaches can be used to improve cost, efficiency, and robustness. The scope of this internship included the use of First Principles, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and Cross-Product Process Monitoring (CPPM) to improve process design robustness with reduced testing and faster development cycle. The project focused specifically on the drug product development network, which included the development of processes from formulation to filling and finishing, clinical manufacturing, and technology transfer to commercial manufacturing The goal of this internship was to explore opportunities to utilize First Principles, CFD, and CPPM in drug product process design space. First Principles and CFD modeling tools were used to look into the physics of drug product filling process (specifically parameters influencing two key filling issues - drying during line stoppage and dripping between fills). Criteria for analyzing cost and benefits for the use of First Principles were also provided as strategic recommendations on where the new approach should be utilized. Clinical data were leveraged, with multivariate statistical data analysis, to determine inspection reject limit for the purpose of process monitoring and root cause analysis.
by Nahathai Srivali.
M.B.A.
S.M.
3
Pinkett, Randal D. (Randal Dike) 1971. "Product development process modeling and analysis of digital wireless telephones." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9863.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-130).
by Randal D. Pinkett.
M.B.A.
S.M.
4
Osborne, Sean M. "Product development cycle time characterization through modeling of process iteration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12381.
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Chang, Ai-Fu. "Process Modeling of Next-Generation Liquid Fuel Production - Commercial Hydrocracking Process and Biodiesel Manufacturing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/58043.
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This dissertation includes two process modeling studies -- (1) predictive modeling of large-scale integrated refinery reaction and fractionation systems from plant data – hydrocracking process; and (2) integrated process modeling and product design of biodiesel manufacturing. \r\n1. Predictive Modeling of Large-Scale Integrated Refinery Reaction and Fractionation Systems from Plant Data -- Hydrocracking Processes: This work represents a workflow to develop, validate and apply a predictive model for rating and optimization of large-scale integrated refinery reaction and fractionation systems from plant data. We demonstrate the workflow with two commercial processes -- medium-pressure hydrocracking unit with a feed capacity of 1 million ton per year and high-pressure hydrocracking unit with a feed capacity of 2 million ton per year in the Asia Pacific. This work represents the detailed procedure for data acquisition to ensure accurate mass balances, and for implementing the workflow using Excel spreadsheets and a commercial software tool, Aspen HYSYS from Aspen Technology, Inc. The workflow includes special tools to facilitate an accurate transition from lumped kinetic components used in reactor modeling to the boiling point based pseudo-components required in the rigorous tray-by-tray distillation simulation. Two to three months of plant data are used to validate models' predictability. The resulting models accurately predict unit performance, product yields, and fuel properties from the corresponding operating conditions.\r\n2. Integrated Process Modeling and Product Design of Biodiesel Manufacturing: This work represents first a comprehensive review of published literature pertaining to developing an integrated process modeling and product design of biodiesel manufacturing, and identifies those deficient areas for further development. It also represents new modeling tools and a methodology for the integrated process modeling and product design of an entire biodiesel manufacturing train. We demonstrate the methodology by simulating an integrated process to predict reactor and \r\nseparator performance, stream conditions, and product qualities with different feedstocks. The results show that the methodology is effective not only for the rating and optimization of an existing biodiesel manufacturing, and but also for the design of a new process to produce biodiesel with specified fuel properties.Ph. D.
6
Ira), Zemel Marc I. (Marc. "Process modeling and capability feedback for integrated injection molded product development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38155.
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Daley, John E. "Autonomic Product Development Process Automation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/965.
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Market globalization and mass customization requirements are forcing companies towards automation of their product development processes. Many task-specific software solutions provide localized automation. Coordinating these local solutions to automate higher-level processes requires significant software maintenance costs due to the incompatibility of the software tools and the dynamic nature of the product development environment. Current automation methods do not provide the required level of flexibility to operate in this dynamic environment. An autonomic product development process automation strategy is proposed in order to provide a flexible, standardized approach to product development process automation and to significantly reduce the software maintenance costs associated with traditional automation methods. Key elements of the strategy include a formal approach to decompose product development processes into services, a method to describe functional and quality attributes of services, a process modeling algorithm to configure processes composed of services, a method to evaluate process utility based on quality metrics and user preferences, and an implementation that allows a user to instantiate the optimal process. Because the framework allows a user to rapidly reconfigure and select optimal processes as new services are introduced or as requirements change, the framework should reduce burdensome software maintenance costs associated with traditional automation methods and provide a more flexible approach.
8
Kimawati, Lenni. "Modeling consumer insight strategy in product development process : a decision and implementation framework for product managers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113518.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 154-158).
Companies today must constantly innovate to delight consumers and stay ahead of the competition. One way to deliver these is through new product launches. Despite significant investments, product failure rate in consumer products industry is high. Studies attribute failures to lack of quality and lack of integration of consumer insight in the Product Development Process. This thesis is an attempt for improvement, adopting the lens of consumer insight as information in the Product Development Process, and proposes a method to evaluate options more strategically. This thesis first examines available literature on Product Development Processes and consumer insight methodologies. It then uses Design Structure Matrix to identify consumer insight involvement in Product Development Process, and identifies gaps between the theoretical model and industry practice. Thereafter, this thesis proposes a technique to compare the quality of different consumer research methods at a given point in the process. Using this information, this thesis builds a Quantitative model to simulate the propagation effect of individual consumer insights decision on quality of output information, using rate of market change as a secondary factor. Within the constraints of this model, it was found that consumer insight strategy decisions should not be done in an ad-hoc manner, since consumer research method selection at each point in the Product Development Process has direct and propagative effects on the quality of the outcome. To obtain good quality, the selection of a good method is critical; first, because it allows for flexibility of options in subsequent phases, and second, because it is more effective than rework, under Slow and Rapid rate of market change. This thesis proposes decision and implementation frameworks as a guide for Product Managers, who can combine the predicted outcome of consumer insight quality with project management iron triangle, to select the best consumer insight strategy. While this consumer insight systemic model is a step towards a model-based design of consumer insight strategy, future work is needed to validate the quantitative model and resulting decision framework.
by Lenni Kimawati.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
9
Darira, Rishi. "Modeling demand uncertainty and processing time variability for multi-product chemical batch process." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000401.
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Pool, Kirby Vinton. "Product/process improvement through performance measurements and modeling : a case study in aerospace welding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13376.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, and Sloan School of Management, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-136).
by Kirby Vinton Pool.
M.S.
11
Griffiths, Kristi L. "Model selection and analysis tools in response surface modeling of the process mean and variance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38567.
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Product improvement is a serious issue facing industry today. And while response surface methods have been developed which address the process mean involved in improving the product there has been little research done on the process variability. Lack of quality in a product can be attributed to its inconsistency in performance thereby highlighting the need for a methodology which addresses process variability. The key to working with the process variability comes in the handling of the two types of factors which make up the product design: control and noise factors. Control factors can be fixed in both the lab setting and the real application. However, while the noise factors can be fixed in the lab setting, they are assumed to be random in the real application. A response-model can be created which models the response as a function of both the control and noise factors. This work introduces criteria for selecting an appropriate response-model which can be used to create accurate models for both the process mean and process variability. These two models can then be used to identify settings of the control factors which minimize process variability while maintaining an acceptable process mean.
If the response-model is known, or at least well estimated, response surface methods can be extended to building various confidence regions related to the process variance. Among these are a confidence region on the location of minimum process variance and a confidence region on the ratio of the process variance to the error variance. It is easy to see the importance for research on the process variability and this work offers practical methods for improving the design of a product.Ph. D.
12
Zhang, Sumei. "Product structure modeling for ETO system product considering the product lifecycle : A case study of ABB Mine Hoist." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385770.
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In order to gain competitive advantages in markets, companies have provided a variety of customized products to satisfy customer-specific requirements, leading to not only a large amount of product data but also high cost, long lead-time and complexity of quality control. Efficient product data management throughout the product lifecycle has become increasingly crucial, of which product structure management is regarded as the most important constituent. The study took ABB Mine Hoist system as a case to investigate how to construct a generic product structure model fit for engineer-to-order system offerings with the consideration of their sales-delivery product lifecycle. The aim of the model is to facilitate the product-related information sharing and reuse across a company, and the integration of different business operations throughout the entire product lifecycle as well. Based on the current situation analysis of product data management on ABB Mine Hoist, three major issues were identified which need to be addressed in the formulation of a generic structure model: namely the integration of requirements of multiple disciplines; the consistency of product information throughout the product lifecycle; and the constant update of product repository. Through illustrating the formulation of ABB Mine Hoist generic structure model, the method of how to construct a generic product structure model for engineer-to-order system product was presented. The model was achieved by applying the framework of the step-based product model and was regarded as a result of integrating domain-specific requirements. The adaptive generic product structure model was then employed to display the role of this generic model in the different phases of a sales-delivery lifecycle. The model could serve as a “master concept” to transfer common product information in the product lifecycle. It’s expected to benefit the business of engineer-to-order system product through improving the integration of different disciplines, enhancing information exchange and reuse. It could also provide an abstract and conceptual basis for potential product repository to reinforce data consistency and completeness.
13
Lee, Ghang. "A new formal and analytical process to product modeling (PPM) method and its application to the precast concrete industry." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-10262004-191554/unrestricted/lee%5Fghang%5F200412%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Eastman, Charles M., Committee Chair ; Augenbroe, Godfried, Committee Co-Chair ; Navathe, Shamkant B., Committee Co-Chair ; Hardwick, Martin, Committee Member ; Sacks, Rafael, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
14
Styfberg, Lundqvist Anna. "Modelling towards a Lean Product Development Process : A Case Study at Scania Customized Truck Development." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246156.
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The increasing demands on producing products in an effective and resource efficient manner has put more focus on modelling internal processes within organizations. Models of internal processes show what work is to be done and how to do the work in order to get to the desired result. Modelling internal processes is also a way to capture knowledge that by many is seen as the most meaningful resource and valuable asset in today’s organizations. This thesis project has created a model of the project process for customized truck development (s-order) at Scania. The purpose has been to create a model that facilitates the everyday work of the project managers and can be used to improve the process. The goal of this report is to add to the theoretic field of process modelling by focusing on how to use a process model. A qualitative case study was conducted in parallel to a literature study. The result is a model in two layers providing different levels of detail. The model can be used for project planning, project execution, project control and project development the most important part being to create a standardized way of working which is the basis for a lean product development. The process of modelling can in itself generate important insights into a process, the report therefore ends with a discussion on suggestions for improvement of the s-order projects towards becoming a more lean product development process.De ökande kraven på att producera varor på ett effektivt sätt med minskad användning av resurser ställer ökande krav på att modellera interna processer inom företag. Modeller av interna processer visar vad som ska göras i en process och när arbetet ska utföras för att få önskat resultat. Att modeller interna processer är också ett sätt att fånga kunskap som i stor utsträckning ses som den mest värdefulla tillgången i dagens organisationer. Detta projekt arbete har skapat en processmodell över projektprocessen för specialbeställda lastbilar (s-order) på Scania. Syftet har varit att skapa en modell som underlättar i projektledarnas dagliga arbete och som även kan användas som underlag för förbättringar av processen. Målet har varit att addera till det teoretiska fältet för process modellering genom att fokusera på hur modellen kan användas. En kvalitativ fallstudie har utförs parallellt med en litteraturstudie. Resultatet är en process modell i två lager med olika detaljnivå. Modellen kan användas för projektplanering, i utförandet av projekten, som kontroll av projekten och för utveckling av projekt processen, den viktigaste rollen är att en modell skapar basen för ett standardiserat arbetssätt, grunden för lean produktutveckling. Att modellera en process kan ge viktiga insikter i processen, rapporten avslutas därför med en diskussion kring åtgärder för hur s-order processen kan förbättras för att bli en mer lean produktutvecklingsprocess.
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STYFBERG, LUNDQVIST ANNA. "Modelling towards a lean product development process : A case study at Scania customized truck development." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-247882.
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The increasing demands on producing products in an effective and resource efficient manner has put more focus on modelling internal processes within organizations. Models of internal processes show what work is to be done and how to do the work in order to get to the desired result. Modelling internal processes is also a way to capture knowledge that by many is seen as the most meaningful resource and valuable asset in today’s organizations. This thesis project has created a model of the project process for customized truck development (s-order) at Scania. The purpose has been to create a model that facilitates the everyday work of the project managers and can be used to improve the process. The goal of this report is to add to the theoretic field of process modelling by focusing on how to use a process model. A qualitative case study was conducted in parallel to a literature study. The result is a model in two layers providing different levels of detail. The model can be used for project planning, project execution, project control and project development the most important part being to create a standardized way of working which is the basis for a lean product development. The process of modelling can in itself generate important insights into a process, the report therefore ends with a discussion on suggestions for improvement of the s-order projects towards becoming a more lean product development process.De ökande kraven på att producera varor på ett effektivt sätt med minskad användning av resurser ställer ökande krav på att modellera interna processer inom företag. Modeller av interna processer visar vad som ska göras i en process och när arbetet ska utföras för att få önskat resultat. Att modeller interna processer är också ett sätt att fånga kunskap som i stor utsträckning ses som den mest värdefulla tillgången i dagens organisationer. Detta projekt arbete har skapat en processmodell över projektprocessen för specialbeställda lastbilar (s-order) på Scania. Syftet har varit att skapa en modell som underlättar i projektledarnas dagliga arbete och som även kan användas som underlag för förbättringar av processen. Målet har varit att addera till det teoretiska fältet för process modellering genom att fokusera på hur modellen kan användas. En kvalitativ fallstudie har utförs parallellt med en litteraturstudie. Resultatet är en process modell i två lager med olika detaljnivå. Modellen kan användas för projektplanering, i utförandet av projekten, som kontroll av projekten och för utveckling av projekt processen, den viktigaste rollen är att en modell skapar basen för ett standardiserat arbetssätt, grunden för lean produktutveckling. Att modellera en process kan ge viktiga insikter i processen, rapporten avslutas därför med en diskussion kring åtgärder för hur s-order processen kan förbättras för att bli en mer lean produktutvecklingsprocess.
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Ahmad, Wasim. "Cost modelling system for lean product and process development." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7753.
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This PhD project aims to develop a cost modelling system to support lean product and process development. The system enables the designers to assess the design along with associated manufacturing processes and provides decision support at an early development stage. Design assessment at early development stage can help designers to take proactive decisions, eliminate mistakes and enhance product value. The developed cost modelling system to support lean product and process development incorporates three lean product and process development enablers, namely set-based concurrent engineering, knowledge-based engineering, and mistake-proofing (poka-yoke). To facilitate above explained lean enablers, the system architecture contains six modules, six separate groups of database, a CAD modelling system, and a user interface. The system modules are: (i) value identification; (ii) manufacturing process/machines selection; (iii) material selection; (iv) geometric features specification; (v) geometric features and manufacturability assessment; and (vi) manufacturing time and cost estimation. The group of database includes: (i) geometric features database, (ii) material database, (iii) machine database, (iv) geometric features assessment database, (v) manufacturability assessment database, and (vi) previous projects cost database. A number of activities have been accomplished to develop the cost modelling system. Firstly, an extensive literature review related to cost estimation, and lean product and process development was performed. Secondly, a field study in European industry and a case study analysis were carried out to identify current industrial practices and challenges. Thirdly, a cost modelling system to support lean product and process development was developed. Finally, validation of the system was carried out using real life industrial case studies. The system provides a number of benefits, as it enables designers to incorporate lean thinking in cost estimation. It takes into consideration downstream manufacturable process information at an early upstream stage of the design and as a result the designer performs the process concurrently and makes decisions quickly. Moreover, the system helps to avoid mistakes during product features design, material and manufacturing process selection, and process parameters generation; hence it guides toward a mistake-proof product development. The main feature of the system, in addition to manufacturing cost estimation, is set-based concurrent engineering support; because the system provides a number of design values for alternative design concepts to identify the feasible design region. The major contribution of the developed system is the identification and incorporation of three major lean product and process development enablers, namely set-based concurrent engineering, knowledge-based engineering and poka-yoke (mistake-proofing) in the cost modelling system. A quantification method has been proposed to eliminate the weaker solution among several alternatives; therefore only the feasible or strong solution is selected. In addition, a new cost estimation process to support lean product and process development has been developed which assists above explained three lean product and process development enablers.
17
Su, Yung-Chieh. "Selection of Prediction Methods for Thermophysical Properties for Process Modeling and Product Design of Biodiesel Manufacturing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32675.
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To optimize biodiesel manufacturing, many reported studies have built simulation models to quantify the relationship between operating conditions and process performance. For mass and energy balance simulations, it is essential to know the four fundamental thermophysical properties of the feed oil: liquid density (Ï L), vapor pressure (Pvap), liquid heat capacity (CpL), and heat of vaporization (Î Hvap). Additionally, to characterize the fuel qualities, it is critical to develop quantitative correlations to predict three biodiesel properties, namely, viscosity, cetane number, and flash point. Also, to ensure the operability of biodiesel in cold weather, one needs to quantitatively predict three low-temperature flow properties: cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). This article presents the results from a comprehensive evaluation of the methods for predicting these four essential feed oil properties and six key biodiesel fuel properties. We compare the predictions to reported experimental data and recommend the appropriate prediction methods for each property based on accuracy, consistency, and generality. Of particular significance are (1) our presentation of simple and accurate methods for predicting the six key fuel properties based on the number of carbon atoms and the number of double bonds or the composition of total unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and (2) our posting of the Excel spreadsheets for implementing all of the evaluated accurate prediction methods on our group website (www.design.che.vt.edu) for the reader to download without charge.Master of Science
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Mbang, Sama Achille. "Holistic integration of product, process and resources integration in the automotive industry using the example of car body design and production product design, process modeling, IT implementation and potential benefits." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989417042/04.
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Mbang, Sama Achille. "Holistic integration of product, process and resources integration in the automotive industry using the example of car body design and production product design, process modeling, IT implementation and potential benefits /." Karlsruhe : Universitätsverlag, 2008. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000008181.
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Gómez, Llana Abel. "MODEL DRIVEN SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINE ENGINEERING: SYSTEM VARIABILITY VIEW AND PROCESS IMPLICATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15075.
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La Ingeniería de Líneas de Productos Software -Software Product Line Engineerings
(SPLEs) en inglés- es una técnica de desarrollo de software que busca aplicar
los principios de la fabricación industrial para la obtención de aplicaciones informáticas:
esto es, una Línea de productos Software -Software Product Line (SPL)-
se emplea para producir una familia de productos con características comunes, cuyos
miembros, sin embargo, pueden tener características diferenciales. Identificar
a priori estas características comunes y diferenciales permite maximizar la reutilización,
reduciendo el tiempo y el coste del desarrollo. Describir estas relaciones
con la suficiente expresividad se vuelve un aspecto fundamental para conseguir el
éxito.
La Ingeniería Dirigida por Modelos -Model Driven Engineering (MDE) en
inglés- se ha revelado en los últimos años como un paradigma que permite tratar
con artefactos software con un alto nivel de abstracción de forma efectiva. Gracias
a ello, las SPLs puede aprovecharse en granmedida de los estándares y herramientas
que han surgido dentro de la comunidad de MDE.
No obstante, aún no se ha conseguido una buena integración entre SPLE y MDE,
y como consecuencia, los mecanismos para la gestión de la variabilidad no son suficientemente expresivos. De esta manera, no es posible integrar la variabilidad de
forma eficiente en procesos complejos de desarrollo de software donde las diferentes
vistas de un sistema, las transformaciones de modelos y la generación de código
juegan un papel fundamental.
Esta tesis presenta MULTIPLE, un marco de trabajo y una herramienta que persiguen
integrar de forma precisa y eficiente los mecanismos de gestión de variabilidad
propios de las SPLs dentro de los procesos de MDE. MULTIPLE proporciona
lenguajes específicos de dominio para especificar diferentes vistas de los sistemas
software. Entre ellas se hace especial hincapié en la vista de variabilidad ya que es
determinante para la especificación de SPLs.Gómez Llana, A. (2012). MODEL DRIVEN SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINE ENGINEERING: SYSTEM VARIABILITY VIEW AND PROCESS IMPLICATIONS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15075
Palancia
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Goekce, Kamil Umut. "IT Supported Construction Project Management Methodology Based on Process and Product Model and Quality Management." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1222347857487-51633.
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Computer Integrated Construction Project Management (CPM) supported by product and process models can be seen as a future type of integration structure facilitating the solution of various management problems in the fragmented Construction Industry. The key to success is directly correlated with the comprehensive integration of currently isolated IT applications. However, despite that a number of initiatives have been developed, no fully generic models have yet to be formally standardized. This topic has been the subject of intensive research during the last decades. In this thesis a Computer Integrated CPM approach, which is supported by IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) and ISO9001:2000 Quality Management System, is proposed. The main aim is to provide integration of product, process and organizational information to help achieve the interoperability of the involved actors and tools in a concurrent environment. According to implied requirements which are represented in the ‘state of the art’ section, the fundamental concepts are presented in two parts as: (1) realization of CPM in an IT concept and (2) formalization of IFC Views for software interoperability on the example of Bidding Preparation Phase. In order to realize a generic framework using a high-level process core model named Organizational Management Process (OMP) model, different aspects have been brought together into a consistent life cycle structure. These are: (1) a set of layered processes based on ISO procedural definitions, (2) software integration requirements based on Construction Management Phases, (3) application methods of the Procurement System and (4) Organizational data. This provides for synchronizing technical products, processes, documents, and actors in their inter-relationship. The framework is hierarchically structured in three layers Phases – Processes - Product data. The developed IT Management Processes (ITMP) which are used as a baseline for the IFC Views implementation are derived from the OMP. Moreover, in order to support completeness, a mapping structure between processes and scenarios based on the Procurement Systems was constituted. The representation of OMP and ITMP is provided by using the ARIS eEPC (extended event-driven process chain) modeling method. On the basis of a generalized representation of product data, a system-wide integration model for heterogeneous client applications which supports different CPM areas can be achieved. IFC Product Data Model integrates different domains thereby enabling coordination of bidding preparations. However, there is a need to realize individual model subsets. i.e. views of the product model. In this context, adaptable views were developed based on ITMP. The defined resources’ relevancies to IFC Objects are examined by realizing central information elements. These provide a mapping structure between process resources and IFC Classes. On that basis integration of process and product models can be accomplished. In order to realize IFC Views, IFC Concepts and IFC Instance Diagrams were developed based on IFC View Definition Format. The grouping of IFC Concepts enables the implementation of the adaptable IFC Views that are required for standardized system integration. This is achieved with the help of formal specification using the Generalized Subset Definition Schema. The validation has been made based on an alphanumerical comparison. The selected 3D full-model and the developed IFC View for Product Catalog models are compared in this context. There are two consequences observed. In the first case, which also addresses Unit Price Procurement systems, the desired results were obtained by filtering the required data. However, when the results were compared for Design & Build and Lump-sum Procurement Systems (contracts), an extension need was observed in the IFC Model. The solution is provided via formalization of cost data and material analysis information by an extension of IFC Concept namely ‘IfcConstructionResource’ with new classes and with new relations. Thereby a common information model based on the data schema of the IFC standard is constitutedDas von Produkt- und Prozessmodellen unterstützte computerintegrierte Bauprojektmanagement (CPM) kann als der zukünftige Typ der Integrationsstruktur angesehen werden, der die Lösung verschiedener Baumanagementprobleme in der fragmentierten Bauindustrie erleichtern kann. Der Schlüssel zum Erfolg steht in direkter Beziehung zu einer umfassenden Integration derzeit getrennter IT-Anwendungen. Trotz zahlreich entwickelter Ansätze, die zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, sind bisher noch keine vollständig generischen Modelle formell standardisiert worden, obwohl dies in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein Thema intensiver Forschung war. In dieser Promotionsschrift wird eine computerintegrierte CPM-Methode, die auf Basis der IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) und dem Qualitätsmanagement ISO 9001:2000 aufbaut, vorgeschlagen. Das Hauptziel besteht in der Schaffung der Integration von Produkt-, Prozess- und Organisationsinformationen, um die Interoperabilität der beteiligten Akteure und Tools in einer parallelen Umgebung erreichen zu können. Entsprechend den Anforderungen, die im Abschnitt „Stand der Technik“ aufgeführt sind, werden die vorgeschlagenen, grundlegenden Konzepte in zwei Bereiche aufgeteilt: (1) Umsetzung der CPM-Prozesse in ein IT-Konzept und (2) Formalisierung der IFC-Sichten für die Interoperabilität von Software, beispielhaft ausgeführt für die der Ausschreibungsphase. Um einen generischen Rahmen unter Verwendung eines hochrangigen Prozesskernmodells, das als organisatorischer Managementprozess (OMP) bezeichnet wird, zu realisieren, werden zuerst die verschiedenen Aspekte in einer konsistenten Lebenszyklenstruktur zusammengefügt. Diese sind: (1) eine Menge hierarchisch geschichteter Prozesse, erstellt auf der Grundlage der Verfahrensdefinitionen von ISO 9001, (2) die Softwareintegrationsanforderungen auf der Grundlage der Baumanagementphasen, (3) die Anwendungsmethoden des Beschaffungssystems und (4) die Organisationsdaten. Dadurch wird die Synchronisation der in Wechselbeziehung stehenden technischen Produkte, Prozesse, Dokumente und Akteure geschaffen. Das gesamte System ist hierarchisch in die drei Ebenen Phasen – Prozesse – Produktdaten strukturiert. Die entwickelten IT-Managementprozesse (ITMP), die als Grundlage für die IFC-Implementierungssichten dienen, werden aus dem OMP hergeleitet. Der Vollständigkeit halber, wird eine Abbildungsstruktur zwischen den Prozessen und den Szenarien, die die Beschaffungssysteme beschreiben, entwickelt. Die Darstellung der OMP und ITMP erfolgt unter Verwendung der erweiterten ereignisgesteuerten Prozessketten (eEPK) nach der ARIS-Modelliermethode. Auf der Grundlage einer verallgemeinerten Darstellung der Prozessdaten kann das systemweite Integrationsmodell für heterogene Client-Anwendungen, das verschiedene CPM-Bereiche unterstützt, erreicht werden. Das IFC-Produktdatenmodell integriert verschiedene Domänen und ermöglicht somit die Koordinierung der hier beispielhaft gewählten Ausschreibungsbearbeitungen. Hierzu ist es notwendig, Teilmodelle, d. h. Sichten des Produktmodells zu erzeugen. Entsprechend wurden anpassbare Sichten auf der Grundlage von ITMP entwickelt. Die Bedeutung der in diesem Zusammenhang identifizierten Informationsprozessressourcen in Bezug auf die IFC-Objekte wurde durch die Einführung zentraler Informationselemente, sog. IFC Concepts, untersucht. Diese stellen eine Abbildungsstruktur zwischen den Prozessressourcen und IFC-Klassen zur Verfügung. Auf dieser Grundlage konnte die Integration von Prozess- und Produktmodellen erreicht werden. Um die IFC-Sichten zu realisieren, wurden auf der Grundlage des IFC-Sichtendefinitionsformats IFC-Konzepte und IFC-Instanzendiagramme entwickelt. Die Gruppierung in IFC-Konzepten ermöglichte die Implementierung von anpassbaren IFC-Sichten, die für die standardisierte Systemintegration erforderlich sind. Diese wird mit Hilfe einer formellen Spezifikation unter Verwendung der verallgemeinerten Subset-Definitionsschema-Methode (GMSD) erreicht. Die Validierung erfolgte auf der Grundlage eines alphanumerischen Vergleichs, in dem ein ausgewähltes 3D-Produktmodell und die daraus entwickelte IFC-Sicht für das Produktkatalogmodell verglichen wurden. Es ergaben sich zwei Schlussfolgerungen. Im ersten Fall, der auch das Einheitspreisbeschaffungssystem betrifft, konnten die gewünschten Ergebnisse direkt durch Filterung der erforderlichen Daten erhalten werden. Beim Vergleich der Ergebnisse sowohl für Pauschal-, als auch für Entwurfs- und Baubeschaffungssysteme (Verträge) wurde jedoch festgestellt, dass für das IFC-Modell ein Erweiterungsbedarf besteht. Eine Lösung wurde über die Formalisierung der Kostendaten und Materialanalyseinformationen durch Erweiterung des IFC-Konzepts IfcBauRessource mit neuen Klassen und mit neuen Beziehungen erreicht. Somit erhält man ein allgemeines Informationsmodell auf der Grundlage des Datenschemas des IFC-Standards
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Kimmance, Andrew G. "An integrated product and process information modelling system for on-site construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6921.
Full textAbstract:
The inadequate infrastructure that exists for seamless project team communications has its roots in the problems arising from fragmentation, and the lack of effective co-ordination between stages of the construction process. The use of disparate computer-aided engineering (CAE) systems by most disciplines is one of the enduring legacies of this problem and makes information exchange between construction team members difficult and, in some cases, impossible. The importance of integrating modelling techniques with a view to creating an integrated product and process model that is applicable to all stages of a construction project's life cycle, is being recognised by the Construction Industry. However, improved methods are still needed to assist the developer in the definition of information model structures, and current modelling methods and standards are only able to provide limited assistance at various stages of the information modelling process. This research investigates the role of system integration by reviewing product and process information models, current modelling practices and modelling standards in the construction industry, and draws conclusions with similar practices from other industries, both in terms of product and process representation, and model content. It further reviews various application development tools and information system requirements to support a suitable integrated information structure, for developing an integrated product and process model for design and construction, based on concurrent engineering principles. The functional and information perspectives of the integrated model, which were represented using IDEFO and the unified modelling language (UML), provided the basis for developing a prototype hyper-integrated product and process information modelling system (HIPPY). Details of the integrated conceptual model's implementation, practical application of the prototype system, using house-building as an example, and evaluation by industry practitioners are also presented. It is concluded that the effective integration of product and process information models is a key component of the implementation of concurrent engineering in construction, and is a vital step towards providing richer information representation, better efficiency, and the flexibility to support life cycle information management during the construction stage of small to medium sized-building projects.
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Karlapudi, Janakiram. "Enhancement of BIM Data Representation in Product-Process Modelling for Building Renovation." Springer Nature, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73520.
Full textAbstract:
Building Information Modelling (BIM) has the potential to become a technology which will help to use a holistic information repository to generate and represent relevant information in different building life-cycle stages (BLCS) to dedicated groups of stakeholders. However, the scope of model components of BIM data (e.g., IFC meta-data) is limited and some parts of it are not modelled in a manner that supports the diversity of engineering use cases. This paper aims to address this deficit by identifying the capability to formulate inference rules as one of the major benefits in the ontology-based information modelling approach. However, before one can formulate inferencing rules a detailed and in-depth understanding is required on how stakeholder information needs are defined in different BLCS and on how available, open-BIM meta-data models support these information requirements. Therefore, the research progressed initially on existing definitions for Level of Detail (LOD) and selected process-modelling standards (BLCS). In the subsequent part, different renovation Activities and the Stakeholder involvements are analysed. Use cases are defined and used as a grouping mechanism for selected scenarios. Based on these grouping mechanisms, a methodology of how components of a BIMmodel could be classified to support automated inferencing in the future. The outcome of this research is an established 6-dimensional intercommunication framework (LOD, BLS, Scenarios, Stakeholders, Use Cases, BIM model data) based on the Linked Building Data approach and focusing on renovation processes optimization. Based on the framework, a renovation Product-Process Modelling ontology is developed to connect existing components and to support new interoperable applications.:Abstract
1 Introduction and Backgroung
2 Renovation Framework
2.1 Level of Detail (LOD)
2.2 Building Life-Cycle Stage
2.3 Activity and Stakeholder
2.4 BIM Object (Product Information)
2.5 Use Cases
3 Product-Process Ontology
3.1 Activity – BIM Data – LOD
3.2 BLCS – Activity – Stakeholder
4 Validation
5 Conclusion
6 Future Work
References
24
Mbang, Sama Achille [Verfasser]. "Holistic integration of product, process and resources integration in the automotive industry using the example of car body design and production : product design, process modeling, IT implementation and potential benefits / by Achille Mbang Sama." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989676129/34.
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Brooks, Brad Walton. "Automated Data Import and Revision Management in a Product Lifecycle Management Environment." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3182.pdf.
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Lusiana, Betha [Verfasser], and Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Cadisch. "Salience, credibility and legitimacy in land use change modeling : model validation as product or process? / Betha Lusiana. Betreuer: Georg Cadisch." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072146630/34.
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Goekce, Kamil Umut. "IT Supported Construction Project Management Methodology Based on Process and Product Model and Quality Management." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23732.
Full textAbstract:
Computer Integrated Construction Project Management (CPM) supported by product and process models can be seen as a future type of integration structure facilitating the solution of various management problems in the fragmented Construction Industry. The key to success is directly correlated with the comprehensive integration of currently isolated IT applications. However, despite that a number of initiatives have been developed, no fully generic models have yet to be formally standardized. This topic has been the subject of intensive research during the last decades. In this thesis a Computer Integrated CPM approach, which is supported by IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) and ISO9001:2000 Quality Management System, is proposed. The main aim is to provide integration of product, process and organizational information to help achieve the interoperability of the involved actors and tools in a concurrent environment. According to implied requirements which are represented in the ‘state of the art’ section, the fundamental concepts are presented in two parts as: (1) realization of CPM in an IT concept and (2) formalization of IFC Views for software interoperability on the example of Bidding Preparation Phase. In order to realize a generic framework using a high-level process core model named Organizational Management Process (OMP) model, different aspects have been brought together into a consistent life cycle structure. These are: (1) a set of layered processes based on ISO procedural definitions, (2) software integration requirements based on Construction Management Phases, (3) application methods of the Procurement System and (4) Organizational data. This provides for synchronizing technical products, processes, documents, and actors in their inter-relationship. The framework is hierarchically structured in three layers Phases – Processes - Product data. The developed IT Management Processes (ITMP) which are used as a baseline for the IFC Views implementation are derived from the OMP. Moreover, in order to support completeness, a mapping structure between processes and scenarios based on the Procurement Systems was constituted. The representation of OMP and ITMP is provided by using the ARIS eEPC (extended event-driven process chain) modeling method. On the basis of a generalized representation of product data, a system-wide integration model for heterogeneous client applications which supports different CPM areas can be achieved. IFC Product Data Model integrates different domains thereby enabling coordination of bidding preparations. However, there is a need to realize individual model subsets. i.e. views of the product model. In this context, adaptable views were developed based on ITMP. The defined resources’ relevancies to IFC Objects are examined by realizing central information elements. These provide a mapping structure between process resources and IFC Classes. On that basis integration of process and product models can be accomplished. In order to realize IFC Views, IFC Concepts and IFC Instance Diagrams were developed based on IFC View Definition Format. The grouping of IFC Concepts enables the implementation of the adaptable IFC Views that are required for standardized system integration. This is achieved with the help of formal specification using the Generalized Subset Definition Schema. The validation has been made based on an alphanumerical comparison. The selected 3D full-model and the developed IFC View for Product Catalog models are compared in this context. There are two consequences observed. In the first case, which also addresses Unit Price Procurement systems, the desired results were obtained by filtering the required data. However, when the results were compared for Design & Build and Lump-sum Procurement Systems (contracts), an extension need was observed in the IFC Model. The solution is provided via formalization of cost data and material analysis information by an extension of IFC Concept namely ‘IfcConstructionResource’ with new classes and with new relations. Thereby a common information model based on the data schema of the IFC standard is constituted.Das von Produkt- und Prozessmodellen unterstützte computerintegrierte Bauprojektmanagement (CPM) kann als der zukünftige Typ der Integrationsstruktur angesehen werden, der die Lösung verschiedener Baumanagementprobleme in der fragmentierten Bauindustrie erleichtern kann. Der Schlüssel zum Erfolg steht in direkter Beziehung zu einer umfassenden Integration derzeit getrennter IT-Anwendungen. Trotz zahlreich entwickelter Ansätze, die zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, sind bisher noch keine vollständig generischen Modelle formell standardisiert worden, obwohl dies in den letzten Jahrzehnten ein Thema intensiver Forschung war. In dieser Promotionsschrift wird eine computerintegrierte CPM-Methode, die auf Basis der IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) und dem Qualitätsmanagement ISO 9001:2000 aufbaut, vorgeschlagen. Das Hauptziel besteht in der Schaffung der Integration von Produkt-, Prozess- und Organisationsinformationen, um die Interoperabilität der beteiligten Akteure und Tools in einer parallelen Umgebung erreichen zu können. Entsprechend den Anforderungen, die im Abschnitt „Stand der Technik“ aufgeführt sind, werden die vorgeschlagenen, grundlegenden Konzepte in zwei Bereiche aufgeteilt: (1) Umsetzung der CPM-Prozesse in ein IT-Konzept und (2) Formalisierung der IFC-Sichten für die Interoperabilität von Software, beispielhaft ausgeführt für die der Ausschreibungsphase. Um einen generischen Rahmen unter Verwendung eines hochrangigen Prozesskernmodells, das als organisatorischer Managementprozess (OMP) bezeichnet wird, zu realisieren, werden zuerst die verschiedenen Aspekte in einer konsistenten Lebenszyklenstruktur zusammengefügt. Diese sind: (1) eine Menge hierarchisch geschichteter Prozesse, erstellt auf der Grundlage der Verfahrensdefinitionen von ISO 9001, (2) die Softwareintegrationsanforderungen auf der Grundlage der Baumanagementphasen, (3) die Anwendungsmethoden des Beschaffungssystems und (4) die Organisationsdaten. Dadurch wird die Synchronisation der in Wechselbeziehung stehenden technischen Produkte, Prozesse, Dokumente und Akteure geschaffen. Das gesamte System ist hierarchisch in die drei Ebenen Phasen – Prozesse – Produktdaten strukturiert. Die entwickelten IT-Managementprozesse (ITMP), die als Grundlage für die IFC-Implementierungssichten dienen, werden aus dem OMP hergeleitet. Der Vollständigkeit halber, wird eine Abbildungsstruktur zwischen den Prozessen und den Szenarien, die die Beschaffungssysteme beschreiben, entwickelt. Die Darstellung der OMP und ITMP erfolgt unter Verwendung der erweiterten ereignisgesteuerten Prozessketten (eEPK) nach der ARIS-Modelliermethode. Auf der Grundlage einer verallgemeinerten Darstellung der Prozessdaten kann das systemweite Integrationsmodell für heterogene Client-Anwendungen, das verschiedene CPM-Bereiche unterstützt, erreicht werden. Das IFC-Produktdatenmodell integriert verschiedene Domänen und ermöglicht somit die Koordinierung der hier beispielhaft gewählten Ausschreibungsbearbeitungen. Hierzu ist es notwendig, Teilmodelle, d. h. Sichten des Produktmodells zu erzeugen. Entsprechend wurden anpassbare Sichten auf der Grundlage von ITMP entwickelt. Die Bedeutung der in diesem Zusammenhang identifizierten Informationsprozessressourcen in Bezug auf die IFC-Objekte wurde durch die Einführung zentraler Informationselemente, sog. IFC Concepts, untersucht. Diese stellen eine Abbildungsstruktur zwischen den Prozessressourcen und IFC-Klassen zur Verfügung. Auf dieser Grundlage konnte die Integration von Prozess- und Produktmodellen erreicht werden. Um die IFC-Sichten zu realisieren, wurden auf der Grundlage des IFC-Sichtendefinitionsformats IFC-Konzepte und IFC-Instanzendiagramme entwickelt. Die Gruppierung in IFC-Konzepten ermöglichte die Implementierung von anpassbaren IFC-Sichten, die für die standardisierte Systemintegration erforderlich sind. Diese wird mit Hilfe einer formellen Spezifikation unter Verwendung der verallgemeinerten Subset-Definitionsschema-Methode (GMSD) erreicht. Die Validierung erfolgte auf der Grundlage eines alphanumerischen Vergleichs, in dem ein ausgewähltes 3D-Produktmodell und die daraus entwickelte IFC-Sicht für das Produktkatalogmodell verglichen wurden. Es ergaben sich zwei Schlussfolgerungen. Im ersten Fall, der auch das Einheitspreisbeschaffungssystem betrifft, konnten die gewünschten Ergebnisse direkt durch Filterung der erforderlichen Daten erhalten werden. Beim Vergleich der Ergebnisse sowohl für Pauschal-, als auch für Entwurfs- und Baubeschaffungssysteme (Verträge) wurde jedoch festgestellt, dass für das IFC-Modell ein Erweiterungsbedarf besteht. Eine Lösung wurde über die Formalisierung der Kostendaten und Materialanalyseinformationen durch Erweiterung des IFC-Konzepts IfcBauRessource mit neuen Klassen und mit neuen Beziehungen erreicht. Somit erhält man ein allgemeines Informationsmodell auf der Grundlage des Datenschemas des IFC-Standards.
28
Ye, Tai-Kun. "Modeling and management of process-induced shape distortion of sheet metal products /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036870.
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Agyapong-Kodua, Kwabena. "Multi-product cost and value stream modelling in support of business process analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5585.
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30
Amaitik, Saleh Mohammed. "Development Of A Step Feature-based Intelligent Process Planning System For Prismatic Parts." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606104/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Computer aided process planning (CAPP) is generally acknowledged as a significant activity to achieve Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). In coping with the dynamic changes in the modern manufacturing environment, the awareness of developing integrated and intelligent CAPP systems has been raised in an attempt to generate more successful implementation of intelligent manufacturing systems.
The main objective of this research work has been to develop an integrated intelligent process planning system that helps designers and process planners to improve their design and planning in the early stages of the product life cycle. In
order to achieve this goal, the following specific objectives have been accomplished:
(1) Developed a STEP-based feature modeler for building mechanical parts using high-level 3D solid features as the basic design entities. The modeler is capable of generating high-level product data in XML format according to
ISO 10303-AP224 standard. This file can be used to integrate into CAPP/CAM systems without using a complex feature recognition process.
(2) Developed a STEP-based intelligent process planning system for prismatic parts. The system maps STEP AP224 XML data file and produces the corresponding machining operations to generate a digital process plan in XML format according to ISO 14649 (STEP-NC) standard. A Hybrid
approach of most recent techniques of artificial intelligence (neural networks, fuzzy logic and rule-based) is used as the inference engine of the developed system.
Three neural network models are implemented to select machining operations, cutting tools, and machine tools. Several fuzzy logic models are utilized to select machining parameters for different machining operations, work material, and tool material combinations. The rule-based functions are utilized to perform operation sequence and setup planning.
An object-oriented approach has been used in the definition and implementation of the developed system. This approach offers advantages of incremental system development and reusability. The developed system is integrated
with AutoCAD using Activex automation interface. Several examples have been presented to demonstrate and verify the applicability of the developed system.
Finally, this research will contribute significantly to the applicability of advanced artificial intelligent techniques in CAPP systems. The implementation of STEP technology in this research will support the integration of CAPP system with
other systems in CIM environment. The developed system is intended to be an effective concurrent engineering tool that bridges the gap between design and manufacturing.
31
Eriksson, Alexander. "Developing a product costing model using Process-Based Cost Modeling : A case study of early stage cost estimation in a multinational agricultural cooperative." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246009.
Full textAbstract:
Product costing can be used to estimate potential future costs and revenues associated with a product. In the development of new products early cost estimates can be used to support decision making regarding which products are worth pursuing, and which production processes that are the most profitable. For a firm to make precise early cost estimates both technical and financial expertise is needed; however, in practice there is generally a gap between technology and cost. Process-Based Cost Modeling (PBCM) is a model developed to address this gap and generate costing estimates of higher precision. The model is especially developed for process production technologies. Although promising, PBCM is under researched and its applicability in new contexts are yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to explore the PBCM’s applicability in new context of process production. This was done through a case study at a multinational agricultural cooperative. The problematization presented by the Case Company was to make early cost estimation of the production process of a main product and its byproducts. Furthermore, the Case Company wanted to compare alternative production designs and use of different raw materials in the production process. To create a product costing model that fully captures the contextual depth of the problem both qualitative and quantitative data was gathered from internal documents, a series of interviews, and observation of one of the sub-processes. The findings of the study resulted in development of a batch costing model, a hybrid between continuous operations and order costing systems. The batch costing proved to be dynamic and allowed comparison of different production and raw material alternatives. Furthermore, the PBCM methodology that resulted in the batch costing model was evident to give a deeper contextual understanding of the relationship between cost and production technology. For the Case Company, the outcome of the study highlighted key areas needing further investigation and process design features that lower operational costs. The results also provide recommendations how to increase the precision of the product costing models when more data are available. Finally, the academic outcome of the thesis provides trajectory in the further research on PBCM and gives new perspective on the use of batch costing in continuous operations.Produktkalkylering kan användas för att uppskatta framtida kostnader och intäkter associerade med en produkt. Vid utveckling av nya produkter och produktionsprocess kan produktkalkylering således användas vid beslutsfattande i situationer där man ska välja vilka produkter som är värda att arbeta vidare med, och vid lönsamhetsberäkningar vid olika tillverkningsprocesser. För att företaget ska kunna göra precisa kostnadsuppskattningar behövs både teknisk och ekonomisk expertis. Detta överses dock ofta i praktiken, vilket leder till en klyfta mellan teknik och kostnad. Processbaserad kostnadsmodellering, eller Process-Based Cost Modeling (PBCM), är en metod som har tagits fram för att överkomma denna klyfta, framförallt inom processproduktion. Även om modellen är lovande så saknas forskning på området, därav behöver PBCM:s applicerbarhet prövas i nya kontexter. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka PBCM:s applicerbarhet i en ny kontext inom processproduktion. Detta gjordes genom att genomföra en fallstudie på ett multinationellt lantbruksföretag som har verksamhet inom livsmedelproduktion. Fallföretags problematisering byggde på att de ville göra en tidig kostnadsbedömning på tillverkningsprocess som producerar en huvudprodukt och ett antal biprodukter. Tillverkningsprocessen är ännu inte utvecklad och företaget vill således jämföra produktionskostnader vid användning av olika råmaterial och tillverkningsalternativ. För att utveckla en lämplig produktkalkyl till företaget samlades både kvalitativa och kvantitativa data in genom interna dokument, en serie av intervjuer, samt genom observation av en av de underliggande tillverkningsprocesserna. Studien resulterade i en hybridkalkyl som använder sig av både process- och orderkalkylering. Hybridkalkylen visade sig lämplig både för företagets produktionsteknologi, men framförallt tillät jämförelse mellan olika tillverkningsalternativ. Metodiken hos PBCM visade sig även användbar för att förstå hur kostnaden påverkas av produktionsteknologin. För fallföretaget påvisade resultaten områden som behöver undersökas ytterligare. Det ges även rekommendationer hur hybridkalkylen kan finslipas när företaget har mer data tillgängligt. När det kommer till det akademiska bidraget, så ger rapporten riktning för fortsatta forskningen på PBCM och ger nya perspektiv på hur hybridkalkylering kan användas i processproduktion.
32
Zhang, Yingchuan. "Product quality modeling and control based on vision inspection with an application to baking processes." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082005-150621/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Dr. Jennifer E. Michaels, Committee Chair ; Dr. Bonnie Heck Ferri, Committee Member ; Dr. George J. Vachtsevanos, Committee Member ; Dr. Magnus Egerstedt, Committee Member ; Dr. Farrokh, Ayazi, Committee Member ; Dr. Sheldon M. Jeter, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Zhang, Qiang. "Process modeling of innovative design using systems engineering." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD007/document.
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Nous développons des modèles de processus pour décrire et gérer efficacement la conception innovante, en suivant la méthodologie DRM. D'abord, nous présentons un modèle descriptif de la conception innovante. Ce modèle reflète les processus fondamentaux qui sont utiles pour comprendre les différentes dimensions et étapes impliqués dans la conception innovante. Il permette aussi de localise les possibilités d'innovation dans ce processus, et se focalise sur les facteurs internes et externes qui influencent le succès. Deuxièmement, nous effectuons une étude empirique pour étudier la façon dont le contrôle et la flexibilité peuvent être équilibrés pour gérer l'incertitude dans la conception innovante. Après avoir identifié les pratiques de projets qui traitent de ces incertitudes en termes de contrôle et de flexibilité, des études de cas sont analysés. Cet exemple montre que le contrôle et la flexibilité peuvent coexister. En se basant sûr les résultats managériaux issu de cette étude empirique, nous développons un modèle procédurale de processus et un modèle adaptatif à base d’activité. Le premier propose le cadre conceptuel pour équilibrer l'innovation et le contrôle par la structuration des processus au niveau du projet et par l'intégration des pratiques flexibles au niveau opérationnel. Le second modèle considère la conception innovante comme un système adaptatif complexe. Il propose ainsi une méthode de conception qui construit progressivement l'architecture du processus de la conception innovante. Enfin, les deux modèles sont vérifiées en analysant un certain nombre de processus et en faisant des simulations au sein de trois projets de conception innovanteWe develop a series of process models to comprehensively describe and effectively manage innovative design in order to achieve adequate balance between innovation and control, following the design research methodology (DRM). Firstly, we introduce a descriptive model of innovative design. This model reflects the actual process and pattern of innovative design, locates innovation opportunities in the process and supports a systematic perspective whose focus is the external and internal factors affecting the success of innovative design. Secondly, we perform an empirical study to investigate how control and flexibility can be balanced to manage uncertainty in innovative design. After identifying project practices that cope with these uncertainties in terms of control and flexibility, a case-study sample based on five innovative design projects from an automotive company is analyzed and shows that control and flexibility can coexist. Based on the managerial insights of the empirical study, we develop the procedural process model and the activity-based adaptive model of innovative design. The former one provides the conceptual framework to balance innovation and control by the process structuration at the project-level and the integration of flexible practices at the operation-level. The latter model considers innovative design as a complex adaptive system, and thereby proposes the method of process design that dynamically constructs the process architecture of innovative design. Finally, the two models are verified by supporting a number of process analysis and simulation within a series of innovative design projects
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King, Graham. "Systems modelling and simulation in the product development process for automotive powertrains : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3706/.
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This submission is a summary of the ten submissions that form the Engineering Doctorate Portfolio. The aim of the portfolio is to demonstrate the benefit of applying systems modelling and simulation in a modified powertrain product development process. A description is given of the competitive pressures that are faced by motor manufacturers in the global automotive business environment. Competitive pressures include a requirement for reduced time to market, exacting product quality standards, manufacturing over-capacity that increases fixed costs and compromises profit margins, and legislation that is increasingly difficult to meet. High-level strategic responses that are being made by manufacturers to these pressures are presented. Each strategic response requires organisational changes and improved approaches to the way in which day-to-day business is conducted. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) is presented as an approach that can help to improve the competitiveness of motor manufacturers by reducing product development time and the level of hardware prototyping that is required. An investigation in five engineering companies yielded a number of observations about the use of CAE and its integration into product development. Best practice in the implementation of CAE in the product development process is defined. The use of CAE by a leading motor manufacturer in powertrain development is compared with the best practice model, and it is identified that there is a lack of coherence in the application of CAE. It is used to tackle specific problems but the use of CAE is not integrated into the product development process. More importantly, it was found that there is limited application of systems modelling and simulation, which is a critical technique for the effective integration of vehicle systems and the development of on-board vehicle control systems. Before systems modelling and simulation can be applied III powertrain development, an appropriate set of tools and associated modelling architecture must be determined. An appraisal of a range of different tools is undertaken, each tool being appraised against a set of criteria. A combination of DymolaIModelica and MATLAB/Simulink tools is recommended as the optimum solution. DymolaIModelica models of the vehicle plant should be embedded into Simulink models that also contain controller and driver models. MATLAB should be used as the numerical engine and for the creation of user environments. Transmission calibration is selected as a suitable pilot example for applying systems modelling and simulation in powertrain development. Best practice in CAE implementation and the systems modelling and simulation architecture are validated using this example. Simulation models of vehicles equipped with CVT and discrete ratio automatic transmissions are presented. A full description of the operation of the transmission system, of the simulation model itself, and of the validation of the model is presented in each case. The potential benefit of the CVT model in transmission calibration is demonstrated. A Transmission Calibration Simulation Tool (TCST) is described within which the discrete ratio simulation model is encapsulated. The TCST includes a user environment in which the simulation model can be parameterised, a variety of simulation runs can be specified, and simulation results are processed. Development of the TCST requires an objective measure of driveability effects that are influenced by the transmission shift schedule. A method for objective assessment of driveability is developed, correlated, and implemented as an integral part of the TCST. This element of the TCST allows trade-off exercises to be conducted between fuel economy and driveability. The development of a transmission calibration based on experimental testing is compared with a similar exercise based on simulation testing. This study shows that, if the TCST is properly integrated into the transmission calibration process, the vehicle test time taken to optimise the calibration for fuel economy could be reduced by six weeks, and a week of calibrator time could be saved. Thus, the aim of the submission is fulfilled, since the benefit of applying systems modelling and simulation in the powertrain development process has been demonstrated. It is concluded that a consistent approach is required for effectively integrating systems modelling and simulation into the product development process. A model is proposed that clarifies how this can be achieved at a local level. It is proposed that in the future, the model is applied whenever systems modelling and simulation is introduced into a powertrain department.
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Haque, Badr. "The development and implementation of a methodology for diagnosing organisational related issues in concurrent product development." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311820.
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Garcés, Monge Luis. "Knowledge-based configuration : a contribution to generic modeling, evaluation and evolutionary optimization." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0003/document.
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Dans un contexte de personnalisation de masse, la configuration concourante du produit et de son processus d’obtention constituent un défi industriel important : de nombreuses options ou alternatives, de nombreux liens ou contraintes et un besoin d’optimisation des choix réalisés doivent être pris en compte. Ce problème est intitulé O-CPPC (Optimization of Concurrent Product and Process Configuration). Nous considérons ce problème comme un CSP (Constraints Satisfaction Problem) et l’optimisons avec des algorithmes évolutionnaires. Un état de l’art fait apparaître : i) que la plupart des travaux de recherche sont illustrés sur des exemples spécifiques à un cas industriel ou académique et peu représentatifs de la diversité existante ; ii) un besoin d’amélioration des performances d’optimisation afin de gagner en interactivité et faire face à des problèmes de taille plus conséquente. En réponse au premier point, ces travaux de thèse proposent les briques d’un modèle générique du problème O-CPPC. Ces briques permettent d’architecturer le produit et son processus d’obtention. Ce modèle générique est utilisé pour générer un benchmark réaliste pour évaluer les algorithmes d’optimisation. Ce benchmark est ensuite utilisé pour analyser la performance de l’approche évolutionnaire CFB-EA. L’une des forces de cette approche est de proposer rapidement un front de Pareto proche de l’optimum. Pour répondre au second point, une amélioration de cette méthode est proposée puis évaluée. L’idée est, à partir d’un premier front de Pareto approximatif déterminé très rapidement, de demander à l’utilisateur de choisir une zone d’intérêt et de restreindre la recherche de solutions uniquement sur cette zone. Cette amélioration entraine des gains de temps de calcul importantsIn a context of mass customization, the concurrent configuration of the product and its production process constitute an important industrial challenge: Numerous options or alternatives, numerous links or constraints and a need to optimize the choices made. This problem is called O-CPPC (Optimization of Concurrent Product and Process Configuration). We consider this problem as a CSP (Constraints Satisfaction Problem) and optimize it with evolutionary algorithms. A state of the art shows that: i) most studies are illustrated with examples specific to an industrial or academic case and not representative of the existing diversity; ii) a need to improve optimization performance in order to gain interactivity and face larger problems. In response to the first point, this thesis proposes a generic model of the O-CPPC problem. This generic model is used to generate a realistic benchmark for evaluating optimization algorithms. This benchmark is then used to analyze the performance of the CFB-EA evolutionary approach. One of the strengths of this approach is to quickly propose a Pareto front near the optimum. To answer the second point, an improvement of this method is proposed and evaluated. The idea is, from a first approximate Pareto front, to ask the user to choose an area of interest and to restrict the search for solutions only on this area. This improvement results in significant computing time savings
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Huynh, Ngoc Tho. "A development process for building adaptative software architectures." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0026/document.
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Les logiciels adaptatifs sont une classe de logiciels qui peuvent modifier leur structure et comportement à l'exécution afin de s'adapter à des nouveaux contextes d'exécution. Le développement de logiciels adaptatifs a été un domaine de recherche très actif les dix dernières années. Plusieurs approches utilisent des techniques issues des lignes des produits afin de développer de tels logiciels. Ils proposent des outils, des frameworks, ou des langages pour construire des architectures logicielles adaptatives, mais ne guident pas les ingénieurs dans leur utilisation. De plus, ils supposent que tous les éléments spécifiés à la conception sont disponibles dans l'architecture pour l'adaptation, même s'ils ne seront jamais utilisés. Ces éléments inutiles peuvent être une cause de soucis lors du déploiement sur une cible dont l'espace mémoire est très contraint par exemple. Par ailleurs, le remplacement de composants à l'exécution reste une tâche complexe, elle doit assurer non seulement la validité de la nouvelle version, mais aussi préserver la terminaison correcte des transactions en cours. Pour faire face à ces problèmes, cette thèse propose un processus de développement de logiciels adaptatifs où les tâches, les rôles, et les artefacts associés sont explicites. En particulier, le processus vise la spécification d'informations nécessaires pour construire des architectures logicielles adaptatives. Le résultat d'un tel processus est une architecture logicielle adaptative qui contient seulement des éléments utiles pour l'adaptation. De plus, un mécanisme d'adaptation est proposé basé sur la gestion de transactions pour assurer une adaptation dynamique cohérente. Elle assure la terminaison correcte des transactions en cours. Nous proposons pour cela la notion de dépendance transactionnelle : dépendance entre des actions réalisées par des composants différents. Nous proposons la spécification de ces dépendances dans le modèle de variabilité, et de l'exploiter pour décider des fonctions de contrôle dans les composants de l'architecture, des fonctions qui assurent une adaptation cohérente à l'exécutionAdaptive software is a class of software which is able to modify its own internal structure and hence its behavior at runtime in response to changes in its operating environment. Adaptive software development has been an emerging research area of software engineering in the last decade. Many existing approaches use techniques issued from software product lines (SPLs) to develop adaptive software architectures. They propose tools, frameworks or languages to build adaptive software architectures but do not guide developers on the process of using them. Moreover, they suppose that all elements in the SPL specified are available in the architecture for adaptation. Therefore, the adaptive software architecture may embed unnecessary elements (components that will never be used) thus limiting the possible deployment targets. On the other hand, the components replacement at runtime remains a complex task since it must ensure the validity of the new version, in addition to preserving the correct completion of ongoing activities. To cope with these issues, this thesis proposes an adaptive software development process where tasks, roles, and associate artifacts are explicit. The process aims at specifying the necessary information for building adaptive software architectures. The result of such process is an adaptive software architecture that only contains necessary elements for adaptation. On the other hand, an adaptation mechanism is proposed based on transactions management for ensuring consistent dynamic adaptation. Such adaptation must guarantee the system state and ensure the correct completion of ongoing transactions. In particular, transactional dependencies are specified at design time in the variability model. Then, based on such dependencies, components in the architecture include the necessary mechanisms to manage transactions at runtime consistently
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Cheung, Kwok Cheung. "Product and process modelling for science achievement at the Sixth Form level in Hong Kong." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296347.
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Lusson, Salomé. "Hydrogen liquefaction chain: co-product hydrogen and upstream study." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290940.
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The European Green Deal declared that Europe must decarbonize to become carbon-neutral within 2050. To do so, the European Parliament emphasized hydrogen as a major tool for energy transition. In regard of current environmental challenges, liquid hydrogen has raised interest as energy carrier for energy storage and transport. Due to growing use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy, intermittent sources will increase. Hydrogen production methods will become mostly intermittent with renewable energies. However, due to historical hydrogen production by steam methane reforming, liquefaction was developed at steady nominal charge. In order to feed current liquefaction processes with renewable hydrogen, a buffer system will become required. This thesis studies the effect of buffer and liquefaction combination on performances and cost. In order to carry out this liquefaction from intermittent source, the study is performed based on industrial data from a variable co-product hydrogen profile. This profile acts as a simplified case. The scope of the study is drawn by considering compressed hydrogen as temporary storage for the buffer while liquefaction unit is modelled around Linde Leuna cycle. The technical-economical study covers sensitivity analysis on both buffer and liquefaction unit. For the buffer unit, storage capacity, storage pressure, liquefaction flexibility and recuperation rate impacts are examined. Liquefaction sensitivity analysis includes pressure drop, electricity cost and capacity study. It is highlighted that 100% gaseous hydrogen recovery is not profitable due to high costs increase for recuperation higher than 95%. Storage pressure and capacity as well as liquefaction flexibility drive buffer cost and recuperation rate of the co-product hydrogen. Considering liquefaction study, results highlight that pressure drops cause first order deviations in energy consumption as well as on cost. Results show that the specific buffer cost is evaluated between 71% and 59% of liquefaction cost. Hence the thesis raises attention on future work on heat exchangers design, pressure drop optimization and liquefaction unit flexibility to allow an optimized renewable liquid hydrogen production.
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Xin, Chen Hilario Lorenzo. "Modelling resources in simulation engineering design processes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269709.
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The planning and scheduling of appropriate resources is essential in engineering design for delivering quality products on time, within cost and at acceptable risk. There is an inherent complexity in deciding what resources should perform which tasks taking into account their effectiveness towards completing the task, whilst adjusting to their availabilities. The right resources must be applied to the right tasks in the correct order. In this context, process modelling and simulation could aid in resource management decision making. However, most approaches define resources as elements needed to perform the activities without defining their characteristics, or use a single classification such as human designers. Other resources such as computational and testing resources, amongst others have been overlooked during process planning stages. In order to achieve this, literature and empirical investigations were conducted. Firstly, literature investigations focused on what elements have been considered design resources by current modelling approaches. Secondly, empirical studies characterised key design resources, which included designers, computational, testing and prototyping resources. The findings advocated for an approach that allows allocation flexibility to balance different resource instances within the process. In addition, capabilities to diagnose the impact of attaining specific performance to search for a preferred resource allocation were also required. Therefore, the thesis presents a new method to model different resource types with their attributes and studies the impact of using different instances of those resources by simulating the model and analysing the results. The method, which extends a task network model, Applied Signposting Model (ASM), with Bayesian Networks (BN), allows testing the influence of using different resources combinations on process performance. The model uses BN within each task to model different instances of resources that carries out the design activities (computational, designers and testing) along with its configurable attributes (time, risk, learning curve etc.), and tasks requirements. The model was embedded in an approach and was evaluated by applying it to two aerospace case studies. The results identified insights to improve process performance such as the best performing resource combinations, resource utilisation, resource sensitive activities, the impact of different variables, and the probability of reaching set performance targets by the different resource instances.
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Babaeizadeh, malmiry Roozbeh. "Managing Complexity and Uncertainty by a Modelling Approach for Decision Making in Integrated Product/Process Design." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0035/document.
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L'objectif principal lors de la conception et du développement de produits est d'augmenter la valeur de ceux-ci. La Valeur comprend deux aspects : la qualité et le coût. Afin de prendre en compte ces deux aspects, cette thèse se focalise sur la conception intégrée des produits et des processus, et en particulier sur la complexité du processus de conception et les incertitudes associées. Cette thèse propose une approche de modélisation systématique pour maitriser les incertitudes et gérer la complexité. Cette approche comprend deux phases: détermination du modèle et analyse du système. La première phase contient deux propositions : une approche de modélisation de produits basée sur la modélisation des flux d'énergie dans le cadre méthodologique Characteristics-Properties Modelling (CPM). Cette approche donne un cadre qui permet de facilité la transition d’une vue fonctionnelle à une vue structurelle associée à une modélisation quantitative. La seconde proposition porte sur l’aide du concepteur lors de la conception concurrente (IPPD) où à la fois les performances et les coûts sont pris en compte. Cette approche est basée sur le flux du processus en respectant le même cadre (CPM), elle donne aussi un cadre pour la transition fonctionnelle / structurelle. Les modélisations structurelles quantitatives permettent l’analyse de sensibilité, l’analyse des tolérances et l'optimisation. L’application de l'approche est démontrée par une étude de cas industriel.Grâce à cette approche, les caractéristiques modifiables et pertinentes du produit peuvent être déterminées. Le tolérancement peut être intégré dans le processus de conception et son impact sur la performance du produit peut être analysé. Les relations quantitatives du produit, du processus sont identifiées. Les incertitudes dans les relations et dans toutes les étapes de la modélisation peuvent être élicitées et maitrisées. Cette approche systématique donne un cadre pour le concepteur à travers le processus de conception pour prendre des décisions dans tous les niveaux de décomposition sur la base de la fonction requise et le coût de fabrication. L'approche est applicable tant pour la modélisation d'un produit existant (une approche d'optimisation), tant pour la modélisation d'un nouveau produit (phase de conception conceptuelle)The main objective in product design and development is to increase the value of a product. Value includes two aspects of quality and cost. In order to take into account both aspects, this thesis aims at Integrated Product and Process Design, especially on product design complexity and its inherent (associated) complexities. This thesis proposes a systematic modelling approach to reduce uncertainty and manage complexity. The approach includes two phases: model determination and system analysis. The first phase contains two propositions: first, a product modelling approach based on energy flow modelling in the framework of Characteristics-Properties Modelling (CPM). This approach gives a modelling framework for a smoother transition from functional to structural views, with a quantitative modelling. The second proposition is to help the designer for decision making in concurrent designing (IPPD) where both performance and cost are taken into account. This approach is based on the process flows in the same framework (CPM). The second phase is to use the determined model of phase 1 to analyse the system. So, phase 2 includes sensitivity analysis, tolerance analysis and optimisation. An application of the approach is demonstrated through an industrial case study.Thanks to this approach, effective modifiable characteristics of the product on its performance are determined. Tolerancing can be integrated in design process and its impact on the product performance can be analysed. Quantitative links in product, in process and between product elements and process elements are identified. Uncertainty in the links and every step of modelling can be elicited and managed. This systematic approach gives a pathway to the designer through the design process to make decisions in every level of decomposition based on the required function and cost of manufacturing. The approach is applicable for both modelling an existing product (optimisation approach) and modelling a new product (conceptual design phase)
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Alabdulkarim, Abdullah A. "Understanding the effects of different levels of product monitoring on maintenance operations : a simulation approach." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8397.
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The move towards integrating products and services has increased significantly. As a result, some business models, such as Product Service Systems (PSS) have been developed. PSS emphasises the sale of use of the product rather than the sale of the product itself. In this case, product ownership lies with the manufacturers/suppliers. Customers will be provided with a capable and available product for their use.
In PSS, manufacturers/suppliers are penalised for any down time of their product according to the PSS contract. This has formed a pressure on the service providers (maintenance teams) to assure the availability of their products in use. This pressure increases as the products are scattered in remote places (customer locations).
Authors have urged that different product monitoring levels are applied to enable service providers to monitor their products remotely allowing maintenance to be performed accordingly. They claim that by adopting these monitoring levels, the product performance will increase. Their claim is based on reasoning, not on experimental/empirical methods. Therefore, further experimental research is required to observe the effect of such monitoring levels on complex maintenance operations systems as a whole which includes e.g. product location, different types of failure, labour and their skills and locations, travel times, spare part inventory, etc.
In the literature, monitoring levels have been classified as Reactive, Diagnostics, and Prognostics. This research aims to better understand and evaluate the complex maintenance operations of a product in use with different levels of product monitoring strategies using a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) approach. A discussion of the suitability of DES over other techniques has been provided. DES has proven its suitability to give a better understanding of the product monitoring levels on the wider maintenance system. The requirements for simulating a complex maintenance operation have been identified and documented. Two approaches are applied to gather these generic requirements. The first is to identify those requirements of modelling complex maintenance operations in a literature review. This is followed by conducting interviews with academics and industrial practitioners to find out more requirements that were not captured in the literature. As a result, a generic conceptual model is assimilated.
A simulation module is built through the Witness software package to represent different product monitoring levels (Reactive, Diagnostics, and Prognostics). These modules are then linked with resources (e.g. labour, tools, and spare parts). To ensure the ease of use and rapid build of such a complex maintenance system through these modules, an Excel interface is developed and named as Product Monitoring Levels Simulation (PMLS).
The developed PMLS tool needed to be demonstrated and tested for tool validation purposes. Three industrial case studies are presented and different experimentations are carried out to better understand the effect of different product monitoring levels on the complex maintenance operations. Face to face validation with case companies is conducted followed by an expert validation workshop.
This work presents a novel Discrete Event Simulation (DES) approach which is developed to support maintenance operations decision makers in selecting the appropriate product monitoring level for their particular operation. This unique approach provides numerical evidence and proved that the higher product monitoring level does not always guarantee higher product availability.
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Charpentier, Frédéric. "Maîtrise du processus de modélisation géométrique et physique en conception mécanique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016665.
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La conception de produits a pour objectif de définir techniquement un produit en satisfaisant les besoins de l'ensemble des clients du cycle de vie du produit. Les enjeux industriels conduisent à développer des modèles et des outils d'aide à la conception afin de répondre aux besoins clients tout en optimisant le triptyque coût-qualité délais. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une vision globale permettant d'appréhender les différents types de modélisation. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une analyse globale de ces notions est nécessaire afin d'obtenir une représentation commune du système pour les différentes activités de conception et de simulation. L'intérêt de cette approche est de pouvoir mettre en évidence les dépendances et les relations entre ces activités. Cette approche doit permettre d'appréhender les différents niveaux de détails (systémique) lors de la décomposition fonctionnelle et structurelle du produit. Elle doit également permettre de suivre l'élaboration des modèles physiques pour la simulation. Nous proposons une traçabilité du processus de conception et du processus de modélisation permettant de remettre en cause, le cas échéant, les choix de conception et les hypothèses de modélisation. Ce travail est fondé sur des concepts de GeoSpelling comme le " skin modèle ", les opérations et les propriétés. Ils sont enrichis d'autres concepts comme les modèles finis et infinis et les modèles primitif et de simulation.
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Bradley, Donald Albert. "A Method to Relate Product Tolerancing Decisions to Environmental Impacts and Costs in Manufacturing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11607.
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Product tolerancing decisions made in product design have a significant effect on manufacturing environmental and cost performances by strongly influencing both the selection and operation of processing machinery. These decisions however are typically made without quantitative knowledge of their effects in manufacturing. With estimates of environmental and cost performances of manufacturing processes required to achieve specific part designs earlier in the product design cycle, designers may make more informed, and potentially better, design decisions with respect to manufacturing environmental and cost performance goals.
In this thesis a method for quantifiably relating product tolerancing decisions to environmental and cost performances in manufacturing in order to provide decision support for cost and environmentally conscious design for manufacturing is developed. The method is instantiated as an Excel-based tool and exercised by two illustrative examples of increasing complexity, as well as a study of the manufacture of automotive transmission pinion gears with differing tolerance requirements. Uncertainty analysis is performed through the use of @RISK software; the uncertainty of parameters associated with manufacturing operations and machinery is captured through the use of probability density functions and Monte Carlo simulation is performed. Simulation results provide insight into the uncertainty of performance estimates and the risks associated with ensuing decision making.
This method may be useful to product designers, as well as process planners, to support decision making efforts related to cost and environmental consciousness in the manufacturing phase of the product life cycle.
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Chalal, Malik-Eddine. "Aide à la décision pour la servicisation des PME industrielles : une approche par modélisation et simulation." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0754/document.
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L’évolution permanente de l’environnement de l’entreprise pousse les décideurs à s’inscrire dans un processus d’innovation. Nous assistons à une mutation des pratiques de certaines entreprises en intégrant de plus en plus une offre d’un système « produits-services ». Notre objectif, à travers cette thèse, est d’apporter une aide à la décision qui reposera sur la capacité à anticiper la performance du système en fonction de différentes décisions de gestion et face à différents types d’aléas lors de la servicisation. Le premier besoin d’aide à la décision est la nécessité de construire une démarche de modélisation et de simulation avec un modèle conceptuel du système de production orienté PSS. Pour cela nous avons proposé une décomposition de notre système entreprise orientée PSS en deux sous-systèmes : (i) Le sous-système d’usage et (ii) le sous système productif. Les deux sous-systèmes sont connectés et interdépendant. Un deuxième besoin qui apparait pour notre problématique est la construction d’un modèle simulable et exploitable. Nous avons utilisé la simulation à évènements discret afin de profiter de l’aspect « évènementiel » de cette approche et ainsi coupler entre le système d’usage et le système productif d’une part, et d’autre part entre les activités de services et les activités de production. Une application de notre démarche de modélisation et simulation sur un cas d’étude (Entreprise ENVIE) a été effectué et une analyses et interprétation des résultats suivies d’un ensemble de propositions de gestion pour une meilleure transition vers une offre PSS ont été apportéesThe ever-continuing evolution of business practices leads the decision-makers to develop strategies based on Innovative approaches. One of them is the transition to a product-services system, called servitization. The main goal of this thesis is to provide a decision support in order to anticipate the performance of a company when different transition management scenarios are implemented. The first step toward this objective is the formalization of a conceptual model of product-service systems. They consist of two subsystems: (i) user-oriented subsystem and (ii) production-oriented subsystem. These subsystems are connected and interdependent. The model developped in the second step of the thesis takes into account this coupling, whose influence on the overall performance of the company is assessed thanks to a discret-event simulation approach. Finally a case study is performed for a french SME (ENVIE) whose line of business is the re-manufacturing of electrical equipment. The analysis results highlight the main areas of improvement for the company, allowing a better transition to a product-service system
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Han, Gang. "Modeling the output from computer experiments having quantitative and qualitative input variables and its applications." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228326460.
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Amigo, Carolina Román. "Modelos de referência para o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos: novas possibilidades de representação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-04072013-093955/.
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Há um consenso na literatura de que a aderência a um modelo de referência torna a gestão do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP) mais eficiente, pois estes auxiliam na sua representação, compreensão, elaboração, gestão e melhoria. Apesar de existirem diversos métodos de modelagem de PDP disponíveis, estes métodos são ainda pouco utilizados pela comunidade prática. Uma das possíveis causas deste problema é a dificuldade que as vistas elaboradas por estes métodos de modelagem oferecem para a visualização e compreensão do processo. Não há ainda estudos sobre a modelagem de PDP que considerem a perspectiva do usuário de forma satisfatória. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo propor novas vistas para modelos de referencia de PDP que sejam mais eficazes, eficientes e satisfatórias no atendimento aos propósitos dos usuários de modelos de referência de PDP, em comparação com as vistas existentes. Para isso foram desenvolvidos dois protótipos de modelos de referência de PDP, um com novas vistas propostas, de caráter analógico, e um com vistas existentes, baseadas em fluxo de atividades com ligações lógicas. Esses protótipos foram submetidos a testes de usabilidade. Os resultados mostram que as vistas propostas foram mais eficazes, eficientes e satisfatórias para a maioria dos propósitos analisados. Conclui-se que vistas analógicas podem ser mais adequadas para a representação de modelos de referência de PDP, em relação às vistas existentes baseadas em fluxo lógico de atividades.There is a consensus in the literature that adherence to a reference model makes product development (PD) process managing more efficient, because reference models support the representation, understanding, design and improvement of these processes. Although a variety of modeling methods are available, they are still not intensively used by the practical community. One of the possible reasons for this problem is the difficulty offered to process visualization and comprehension by views elaborated though these modeling methods. There is still a gap on the literature with respect to studies on PD reference models that consider the user perspective. This research aims to propose new views for PD reference models, which can be more effective, efficient and satisfactory than the existing ones regarding the purposes of PD reference models users. For this end, two reference models prototypes were developed, one of them with new analogic views, and another with existing activity network-based views. These prototypes were tested for usability. The results show that the proposed views were more effective, efficient and satisfactory than the traditional ones for most analyzed purposes. The conclusion is that analogic views can be more suitable to satisfy the purposes of users of PD reference models than activity network-based views.
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Venugopal, Manu. "Formal specification of industry foundation class concepts using engineering ontologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42868.
Full textAbstract:
Architecture, Engineering, Construction (AEC) and Facilities Management (FM) involve domains that require a very diverse set of information and model exchanges to fully realize the potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) provides a neutral and open schema for interoperability. Model View Definitions (MVD) provide a common subset for specifying the exchanges using IFC, but are expensive to build, test and maintain. A semantic analysis of IFC data schema illustrates the complexities of embedding semantics in model views. A software engineering methodology based on formal specification of shared resources, reusable components and standards that are applicable to the AEC-FM industry for development of a Semantic Exchange Module (SEM) structure for IFC schema is adopted for this research. This SEM structure is based on engineering ontologies that are capable of developing more consistent MVDs. In this regard, Ontology is considered as a machine-readable set of definitions that create a taxonomy of classes and subclasses, and relationships between them. Typically, the ontology contains the hierarchical description of important entities that are used in IFC, along with their properties and business rules. This model of an ontological framework, similar to that of Semantic Web, makes the IFC more formal and consistent as it is capable of providing precise definition of terms and vocabulary. The outcome of this research, a formal classification structure for IFC implementations for the domain of Precast/ Prestressed Concrete Industry, when implemented by software developers, provides the mechanism for applications such as modular MVDs, smart and complex querying of product models, and transaction based services, based on the idea of testable and reusable SEMs. It can be extended and also helps in consistent implementation of rule languages across different domains within AEC-FM, making data sharing across applications simpler with limited rework. This research is expected to impact the overall interoperability of applications in the BIM realm.
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Bergamo, Renato Luis. "MODELO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA O PROCESSO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MÁQUINAS AGRÍCOLAS PARA EMPRESAS DE PEQUENO E MÉDIO PORTE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7591.
Full textAbstract:
The expansion of agricultural machinery and equipment sector, increase the
competition among manufacturers and forcing the development of more complex
products and greater efficiency in production processes. This reality demands, from
enterprises, greater formalism of the product development process, with design and
manufacturing aimed at launching new technologies. In this work, was performed the
identification of companies, micro, small and medium-sized manufacturers of
agricultural machinery and implements, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to
develop the design and manufacture of such equipments. With the identification and
selection of ten companies, was taken a descriptive exploratory study of multiple
cases, which the information was collected, through interviews with the owners
and/or responsible for the product development sector, for diagnosis and modeling
methodology currently practiced in the development process of agricultural
machinery, providing the information necessary for the preparation of the Reference
Model for Agricultural Machines Development Process for Small and Medium-sized
enterprises.A expansão do setor de máquinas e implementos agrícolas aumentou a concorrência entre os fabricantes, exigindo o desenvolvimento de produtos mais complexos e com maior eficiência nos processos produtivos. Esta realidade exige, das empresas, maior formalismo do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos, com projeto e fabricação, voltados ao lançamento de novas tecnologias. Assim, neste trabalho, realizou-se a identificação de empresas, de micro, pequeno e médio porte, fabricantes de máquinas e implementos agrícolas, sediadas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, que desenvolvem o projeto e a fabricação destes equipamentos. Com a identificação e seleção de dez empresas, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva de múltiplos casos, onde foram coletadas as informações, através de entrevistas com os proprietários e/ou responsáveis pelo setor de desenvolvimento de produtos, para o diagnóstico e modelagem da metodologia atualmente praticada no processo de desenvolvimento de máquinas agrícolas, fornecendo as informações necessárias para a elaboração do Modelo de Referência para o Processo de Desenvolvimento de Máquinas Agrícolas para Empresas de Pequeno e Médio Porte, objeto deste trabalho.
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Amaral, Daniel Capaldo. "Arquitetura para gerenciamento de conhecimentos explícitos sobre o processo de desenvolvimento de produto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-23022006-101646/.
Full textAbstract:
O processo de desenvolvimento de produto é uma atividade caracterizada por um ciclo de projetar-construir-testar que faz uso intensivo do conhecimento existente na empresa. Uma parte dele está armazenada nos documentos gerados no decorrer deste processo, são os conhecimentos explícitos. Este trabalho analisa as soluções computacionais dedicadas a auxiliar na gestão deste tipo de conhecimento e demonstra vários problemas: falta de um modelo conceitual apropriado; limitações referentes aos tipos de conhecimentos armazenados; e falta de uma sistemática de validação e sistematização. Propõe-se um conjunto de elementos, arquitetura, para superá-los, o qual pode ser utilizado como referência para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de gestão de conhecimentos explícitos. A arquitetura foi empregada no desenvolvimento de uma solução computacional específica, utilizando uma ferramenta de modelagem e uma intranet, e esta foi posteriormente aplicada para a gestão dos conhecimentos dentro de um grupo de pesquisa. Os resultados demonstram que a arquitetura é viável e que o sistema pode e deve ser aplicado em empresas que desenvolvam produtos. Encerra-se o trabalho apresentando as propostas de melhoria e de novas avaliações para ambas, a arquitetura e a solução desenvolvidasThe product development is characterized by a continuing design-build-test cycle, marked by experimentation and the intensive use of enterprise knowledge. Part of them is tangible and is stored in the documents created during the product development process, named explicit knowledge. This work analyzes the computational solutions for support the explicit knowledge management. As result present a set of common limitations of commercial tools applied in this area. Three important aspects are: a lack of conceptual model to link the information systems at knowledge management effort; small knowledge representation types manipulated by these systems; and a lack of knowledge validation model, sufficient to "filter" the explicit knowledge created. For encompass these challenges, this work presents an architecture (a set of elements) designed to build explicit knowledge management systems. A solution aided by the architecture was created, which integrates a commercial modeling tool and an intranet especially designed. Finally, this solution was applied at specific case: to manage the explicit knowledge of a research group. The results show that the architecture is viable and sufficient to create explicit knowledge management systems. Finalizing, the work presents a set of future findings to architecture's development research