Dissertations / Theses: 'Process control case studies'

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Law, Chit-lun, and 羅哲倫. "Process re-engineering: theory and case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267336.

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Maguire, Thomas Michael. "Social control and the labour process : a case study of a Northern Ireland telecommunications plant." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357485.

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Ihekire, Chika Lucy. "Decoupling control of a multiple-input, multiple-output process| Case studies of multi-tank system and distillation column." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10001543.

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Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) systems are very common in process industries, but can be difficult to control. A phenomenon called coupling occurs in a MIMO system when the controller output from one loop acts as disturbance to other control loops. This thesis studies a solution to coupling by introducing a decoupler to a Proportional Integral Differential (PID) control system. A decoupler is a feed-forward controller added to the traditional feedback loop to cancel out loop disturbance. The effect of a decoupler on the performance of control system was explored by comparing (1) the time it takes to achieve control and (2) the combined error incurred during the control process. In this study, a simulation software, LoopPro is used to model and control two systems; multi-tank system and distillation column. Step test data were used to identify process model and a tuning procedure based on Internal Model Control is illustrated. The extent of loop interaction was also analyzed from the Relative Gain Matrix.

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Swartz, Dominique Sheronica. "The policy making process : the case of South Africa's Tobacco Amendment Act." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52554.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Policies made by the government of a democratic country affect the lives of all citizens whether directly or indirectly. Policies should therefore represent the values of a democratic society. Since South Africa's transition to democracy in 1994, policymaking processes have promised to be everything that those in the past were not. The new government's ruling policy has promised to maximize opportunities for political participation, especially in terms of citizens being able to influence governmental decision making in cases where it affects their lives. The Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act of 1999 is regarded by many as one of the world's most controversial and regulated tobacco control policies. What makes this case exceptional is the fact that the policy process thereof seems to have caused some concern with regard to issues such as transparency, participation and consultation. The study, therefore, aims to establish the degree of political participation and consultation that one could observe in the making of the new tobacco law. It also gives an overview of what the policy-making process in general is like in South Africa; this is then compared with the case of the Tobacco Amendment Act. The study also focuses on broader aspects of the policy process such as the role of public policy with regard to the problems of the society. This research assignment is intent on describing the nature of the policy process of the Tobacco Amendment Bill and, by doing this, to promote the principles of democracy such as transparency, accountability and legitimacy, to which so many South Africans have dedicated their lives
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Openbare beleid en die daarmee gepaardgaande besluite wat deur die regering van 'n demokratiese land gemaak word, affekteer die lewens van elke burger direk of indirek. Beleid moet dus so geformuleer word dat dit die waardes van 'n demokratiese samelewing reflekteer. Sedert Suid-Afrika se oorgang tot demokrasie in 1994, was die nuwe regering se belofte dat beleidmaking meer inklusief sal wees as die van die verlede. Die nuwe bedeling se regeringsbeleid sou daarvolgens optimale geleenthede vir politieke deelname en seggenskap in belangrike beleidsbesluite skep. Die Wysigingswetontwerp op Tabakprodukte van 1999 word deur vele beskou as een van die mees kontroversiële en streng beheerde tabak beleide in die wêreld. Wat die geval so besonder maak, is die feit dat daar diegene is wat meen dat kwessies soos deursigtigheid, politieke deelname en konsultasie in die parlementêre beleidsproses agterweë gelaat is. Hierdie studie beoog dus om die mate van politieke deelname en konsultasie in die beleidsproses van die Wysigingswetontwerp op Tabakprodukte ondersoek. Die studie verskaf ook 'n oorsig oor hoe die algemene beleidsproses in Suid-Afrika daar uitsien. Dit word dan vervolgens vergelyk met die beleidsproses van die nuwe Tabakwet. Verder fokus dit ook op wyer aspekte van die beleidsproses soos die rol wat openbare beleid in die aanspreek van publieke probleme speel. In geheel, poog dit dus om die aard van die beleidsproses van die Wysigingswetontwerp op Tabakprodukte te beskryf en sodoende die beginsels van demokrasie, onder andere deursigtigheid, verantwoordbaarheid en legimiteit, waaraan so baie Suid-Afrikaners hul lewens toegewy het, te bevorder.

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Barnes, Alison Kate School of Industrial Relations &amp Organisational Behaviour UNSW. "'The centre cannot hold': resistance, accommodation and control in three Australian call centres." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Industrial Relations and Organisational Behaviour, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22026.

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Drawing upon case studies of three organisations operating six call centres in Australia, this thesis explores the manifestations and interplay of employee resistance and accommodation in response to five facets of employer control: electronic monitoring; repetitious work; emotional control; the built environment; and workplace flexibility. Accommodation refers to the ways workers protect themselves from and adapt to the pressures that make up their day-to-day experiences of work. Accommodation, unlike resistance, which implies opposition to control, may superficially resemble consent to control. I argue that resistance and accommodation are not polar opposites; rather they are both reflections of the conflict and tensions that lie at the heart of the employment relationship. At the study sites, employees utilised resistance and accommodation both separately and concurrently. An explanation of these seemingly contradictory responses and of the links among accommodation individual resistance and collective resistance lies in the concept of ???self???. In this thesis, ???self??? refers to workers??? perceptions of fairness, dignity and autonomy. I examine how these notions frame worker discontent and promote employee solidarity. ???Everyday resistance???, a concept first developed by Scott (1985) in relation to peasant struggles, is employed to highlight the existence of subterranean struggles in workplaces that otherwise appear to be harmonious. At the study sites, everyday resistance was a multi-faceted, widely employed strategy whose strength lay primarily in its immediate impact. There was, however, no necessary sequential development from accommodation, through everyday resistance to overt, formal forms of conflict. What was evident was that multiple responses to employer control could co-exist and inhibit or promote one another. But it was through organised collective resistance that more formalised gains were made and widely held grievances addressed. I suggest that, although everyday resistance may lay the groundwork for more formal struggles, one should not conclude that traditional collective resistance is ???genuine??? resistance and everyday resistance is simply a second-best prelude to it. Although conflict is always present, its intensity differs. If we are to understand the complexity of worker responses to managerial control, we need to expand the theoretical frameworks within which we analyse and interpret conflict.

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Amarilla, Rosemara Santos Deniz. "Identificação e análise dos processos de negócio de empresas de pequeno porte do setor da construção civil." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/586.

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Capes
O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar comparativamente os principais processos de negócio de empresas de pequeno porte do subsetor de edificações da construção civil. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de pesquisa qualitativa e estudo de casos múltiplos como técnica principal. Participaram deste trabalho, cinco empresas que estão localizadas na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná. Para a coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, análises de documentos e observações diretas. A partir das informações obtidas, desenvolveu-se graficamente o mapeamento dos processos de negócio de cada empresa utilizando-se a notação BPMN. O estudo mostrou que os processos e as atividades das empresas deste setor apresentam características comuns, facilitando assim, a padronização das melhores práticas. Com o estudo de outros casos, surgirão outros aspectos semelhantes que poderão ser utilizados na elaboração de um modelo de referência que apresenta orientação específica sobre como os processos de negócio podem ser gerenciados nas organizações do subsetor de edificações.
The present study has as objective to identify and analyze comparatively the main business processes of small companies of the subsector of edifications of the civil construction. Therefore, was used the qualitative research method and multiple case study as the main technique. Participated of this work, five companies that are located in the city of Curitiba, Paraná. For data collection were performed semi-structured interviews, document analysis and direct observations. From the information obtained, developed graphically mapping the business processes of each company using the BPMN notation. The study showed that the processes and activities of companies in this sector present common characteristics, thus facilitating the standardization of best practices. With the study of other cases will arise other similar aspects that could be used in the preparation of a reference model that provide specific guidance on how business processes can be managed in organizations of the subsector of edifications.

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Richards, James. "Developing a theoretical basis for the concept of organizational behaviour." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/185.

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Workplace misbehaviour is seen to be a neglected feature of organizational study (Ackroyd and Thompson; Vardi and Weitz, 2004). Where research has been undertaken into misbehaviour the emphasis tends fall into two broad categories. First of all, organizational behaviour theorists use the term misbehaviour as a means to highlight how the ‘negative’ behaviour of employees gets in the way of formal organizational goals. Secondly, radical sociologists tend to use the term misbehaviour as a means to critique Foucauldian labour process theory. Here an argument is made that suggests the disciplinary affects of new management practices associated with human resource management and total quality management have been overstated. Furthermore, radical sociologists also use the term misbehaviour as means to critique organizational behaviour accounts, which are believed to paint overly optimistic accounts of organizational life. However, on further examination it was discovered that neither a radical sociological approach, nor a traditional organizational behaviour approach, sufficiently addresses the current deficit in our understandings and explanations for workplace misbehaviour. Hence, one of the main themes of this thesis was to design a theoretical and methodological framework to address the deficit in our understandings and explanations. As such, a view was taken of how a radical sociological approach (orthodox labour process analysis) combined with an emerging social psychological perspective (a social identity approach (Haslam, 2001)) could help overcome previous theoretical problems associated with researching misbehaviour. Empirical support for this approach is provided by the detailed examination of the objective and subjective working conditions of four different sets of low status workers. The findings are based on longitudinal covert participant observations, as well as covert interviews and the covert gathering of company documents. The findings depart from previous insights into workplace misbehaviour in stressing the importance of acknowledging and investigating both the organizational and sub-group social identities of low status workers, in relation to such activities. As such, a great deal of the misbehaviour noted in the findings can be attributed to the poor treatment of low status workers by management, yet misbehaviour is equally if not more attributable to the empowering or inhibitive qualities of the many psychological groups that worker can associate with or disassociate themselves from. Recommendations are made about the direction of future research into workplace misbehaviour. There are many suggestions made and include examining misbehaviour in a wider range of settings, sectors and levels of organizations.

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Fien, Gert-Jan A. F. "Studies on process synthesis and process integration." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08032007-102242/.

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Andersson, Simon, and Christian Öström. "Tillit, styrning och service : En kvalitativ studie av Skatteverkets implementering av tillitsbaserad styrning." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74339.

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Sedan 1980-talet har New Public Management (NPM) varit den dominerande styrfilosofin inom offentlig sektor i Sverige. NPM har framförallt varit förknippat med resultat- och målstyrning och har förväntats öka effektiviteten inom den offentliga sektorn. Idag genomförs en reform av styrningen inom den offentliga sektorn där det nya styrsättet går under benämningen tillitsbaserad styrning. Det syftar främst till att öka tilliten till professionerna och medborgarna. Denna studie utgör en kvalitativ fallstudie av Skatteverkets implementering av den tillitsbaserade styrningen och de utmaningar som uppkommer i samband med detta. Studien har genomförts på Skatteverkets kontor i Luleå, där chefer och medarbetare har djupintervjuats i två faser. En tematisk analys har använts för att analysera insamlade data och fyra huvudsakliga teman har identifierats; teambaserat arbetssätt, medarbetaransvar, kundperspektiv och prestationsutvärdering. Studiens huvudsakliga slutsatser är att Skatteverkets tolkning av tillitsbaserad styrning är ett teambaserat arbetssätt, som implementerats på ett i huvudsak decentraliserat sätt och med viss hjälp av Susan A Wheelans fyrstegsmodell. Vidare kan konkluderas att den största utmaningen är att anpassa prestationsutvärderingen efter det nya arbetssättet.
Since the 1980’s, the New Public Management (NPM) has been the dominating management control philosophy in the Swedish public sector organizations. NPM has predominantly been associated with management by objective and has been expected to increase efficiency within public sector organizations. Today the control system in Swedish public sector organizations is undergoing reform with a new system called trust-based control. The foremost purpose of this new control system is to increase trust within the professions and to the citizens. This study is a qualitative case study of the Swedish Tax Agency’s implementation of the trust-based control system and the challenges that this implementation entails. The study was conducted at the Swedish Tax Agency’s office in Luleå, where managers and employees were interviewed in two stages. A thematic analysis was applied to process the data, in which four main themes appeared; team-based mode of operation, employee responsibility, customer perspective and performance evaluation. The main conclusions of the study are that the Swedish Tax Agency’s interpretation of trust-based control is a team-based mode of operation. The implementation process has been primarily decentralized, with some aid from Susan A. Wheelan’s four-stage model. Furthermore, it is concluded that the foremost challenge with implementing trust-based control is to adjust the performance evaluation to fit the new mode of operation.

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Liu, Xiaolei. "Sample Size Calculations in Matched Case-Control Studies and Unmatched Case-Control Studies with Controls Contaminated." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1221754897.

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Arbogast, Patrick G. "Statistical methods for case-control studies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9598.

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Diez-Lazaro, Alvaro. "Studies in process analysis and control in batch reactors." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21206.

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This work is part of a number of projects dealing with the development of novel techniques for better analysis and control of chemical processes carried out in batch reactors. The problems of pH measurement and sampling, linked to the implementation of NMR and HPLC on-line analysers, are presented as key areas in this development work. Also, part of the engineering work summarised in this thesis assisted the work of other researchers who participated in the project. In the area of sampling, the difficulties associated with the collection of representatives samples from agitated vessels are introduced. Also, the ideas of calibration and modelling of sampling systems are presented. Modelling tests were used to optimise the design and development of a fast sampling loop system to obtain representative samples from stirred vessels. In addition to this, the modelling studies also assisted the work of other researchers in the project who needed the kinetic and heat-exchange parameters for the process of esterification of crotonic acid. The fast sampling loop was shown to be adequate for the implementation of a low-field NMR system for on-line analysis. The development of discrete samplers designed to collect, dilute and deliver representative samples for LC analysis is also covered in this work. A Mark IV prototype of LC sampler was tested and developed to acceptable levels. In the area of pH measurement the advantages and disadvantages of the use of thermally grown iridium-oxide electrodes are introduced. Their response was compared to that of standard glass electrodes and found to be faster, more stable at high temperatures and no alkaline error was observed. However, the problem of drift of the signals was not fully overcome and it is presented as the limiting factor in the use of the sensors for on-line industrial measurements. Finally, a new type of total iridium-oxide probe is presented.

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Haneuse, Sebastian J. P. A. "Ecological studies using supplemental case-control data /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9595.

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Won, Sungho. "Improving Genetic Analysis of Case-Control Studies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1212774902.

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Chandra, Yanto Marketing Australian School of Business UNSW. "Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Marketing, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30552.

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Despite the substantial amount of work undertaken on internationalization to-date, most has placed little emphasis on the temporal processes and dynamics of internationalization in shaping firm internationalization histories. This is reflected in several problem areas in theories and research regarding internationalization including accelerated internationalization, full and partial de-internationalization and use of multiple modes of entry at a point in time. This study addressed an important question: what factors and processes affect the way a firm???s pattern of internationalization changes over time? Although mainstream theories of internationalization and recent advances that link internationalization and entrepreneurship assume the importance of ???opportunity???, there is a paucity of research that that places ???opportunity??? as the core process in internationalization. By embracing time as a key dimension, this study reconceptualized internationalization as an entrepreneurial process: as the process of opportunity discovery, evaluation and exploitation in international markets. The research was undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 included a literature review covering the internationalization and entrepreneurship research streams. The discovery-evaluation-exploitation framework from entrepreneurship was used to identify relevant factors and explore eight case studies. By drawing on results from the exploratory research, an initial conceptual model and a set of propositions were developed. In Phase 2, fifteen case studies were theoretically sampled from a pool of small and medium enterprises from the knowledge and non-knowledge based industries in Australia. The data collection and analysis followed a process, event-driven approach to case study research involving the mapping of key sequences of events as well as within and cross case analysis. The results clarified the nature and pattern of opportunity discovery, evaluation and exploitation, and a number of factors that influence this process: the role of prior knowledge, network ties, serendipity, absorptive capacity, bricolage, the nature of uncertainty, feedback mechanisms and effectual versus causal reasoning. The findings also suggest the evolutionary process of firm development and internationalization and show that born globals may be a classification error. The results indicate that full and partial de-internationalization as well as the use of multiple modes of entry are influenced by the interconnectedness of opportunities across the founding, domestic and international context over time; the role of Knightian uncertainty which can push or pull the patterns in many directions and how firms rely on effectual reasoning. The results provide a better understanding of the basic mechanisms of internationalization. The academic contributions of this thesis include the extension of Jones and Coviello???s (2005) model and previous models by developing a dynamic, process model of internationalization that is capable of addressing the temporal and dynamic gaps in internationalization; the integration and reconciliation of extant theories of internationalization by understanding the role of mode of reasoning; and the establishment of ???opportunity-firm??? nexus as a suitable unit of analysis in internationalization and international entrepreneurship research. Finally, the managerial contributions include guidance for firms and entrepreneurs in terms of dealing with uncertainty and complexity in international markets using the appropriate mode of reasoning (i.e. effectual, non-predictive approach vs. causal, predictive approach) in the right context and circumstances.

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Gunby, James Alexander. "Measurement errors in case-control and related studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239324.

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Xu, Wenwei. "Enhancing model accuracy for control : two case studies /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074458.

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Dupont, A. "Predator control of diversity : case studies using microcosms." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1557898/.

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Predation is a major mode of interaction in natural environments, and predators have an important impact on prey evolution, community composition and food web complexity. Bacterivorous protists are key components of aquatic and terrestrial environments, as well as major drivers of bacterial diversity and community composition. When grazing on prokaryotes, protists impact interand intraspecific interactions, biomass production and biogeochemical flows. Furthermore, the prey’s ability to develop physiological and morphological defence mechanisms affects both bacterial diversity and predatory eukaryotes’ grazing ability, survival and distribution. While theoretical work usually analyses simple to partially complex predator-prey systems, practical studies focus are often limited to one prey and one predator species. Using a variety of ecologically and physiologically diverse bacterivorous protists, this study identifies the relationship between predator-prey interactions and its impact on species diversity. While bacterial communities are closely linked to their environment characteristics, protist diversity and distribution was shown to be dependent on both biotic and abiotic factors, and community composition differences driven by few major lineages. Similarly, bacterial communities submitted to varied protist predators were distinguished only by a handful of major lineages. In parallel, protist impact on bacterial diversity was highly modulated by prey community taxonomical composition and ecological strategies. Indeed, in this study, bacteria observed genotypic changes in line with short-term phenotypic plasticity resulting on the development of defence mechanisms against predators of distinct ecological niches. Predator-prey interactions in the light of diversity are far more complex than what closed microcosm experiments can translate, but they encompass valuable information applicable to natural systems.

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Nord, Malin, and Henrik Vestgöte. "Multi-touch in control systems : Two case studies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Informationssystem, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-144079.

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During the last thirty years the progress of multi-touch technology has been a hot topic of discussion. Despite this, it has not been deployed in anything more advanced than commercials, games and illustrations. We believe that the time has come for the technology to become a broader and more advanced field. It should even be feasible to introduce the multi-touch technology into important environments e.g. control rooms. Two project based case studies, involving multi-touch in different aspects, will be described and discussed respectively. The first case study discusses the introduction of a Microsoft Surface as a collaboration tool in a control room environment. A prototype was built and evaluated to see how well it could work in a stressful and complex area where collaboration between colleagues is vital. The second case study describes the development and possible deployment of a smaller multi-touch screen that would work as an extra input to the control system. Its purpose is to facilitate the navigation in a control system for the operators, thereby easing their cognitive load and making the control room a more comfortable working place. The research of the case studies was based on interviews with operators and developers. From the research result appliance methods and designs were developed, and prototypes were constructed out of the best ones. The prototypes were then analyzed and tested for later evaluation and discussion. To see, whether or not the new multi-touch prototypes would function well in a control system. The objective of this thesis is to attempt to introduce multi-touch technology in control systems

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Fan, Shaokun. "Three Case Studies On Business Collaboration And Process Management." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242374.

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The importance of collaboration has been recognized for more than 2000 years. While recent improvement in technology creates vast opportunities for collaboration, effective collaboration remains challenging as ad hoc teams work across time, geographical, language, and technical boundaries, and suffer from process inefficiency. My dissertation addresses part of these challenges by proposing theoretical frameworks for business collaboration and process management. Case study is used as a research strategy for this thesis and it consists of three studies. The first study proposes a process modeling framework to support efficient process model design via model transformation and validation. First, we divide process modeling into three layers and formally define three layers of workflow models. Then, we develop a procedure for transforming a conceptual process model into its corresponding logical process model. Third, we create a validation procedure that can validate whether the derived logical model is consistent with its original conceptual model. The second study proposes a framework for analyzing the relationship between interaction processes and collaboration efficiency in software issue resolution in open source community. We first develop an algorithm to identify frequent interaction process structures referred to as interaction process patterns. Then, we assess patterns' impact through a time-dependent Cox regression model. By applying the interaction process analysis framework to software issue resolution processes, we identify several patterns that are significantly correlated with collaboration efficiency. We further conduct a case study to validate the findings of pattern efficiency in software issue resolution. The third study addresses the issue of suitability of virtual collaboration. Virtual collaboration seems to work well for some cases, but not for others. We define collaboration virtualization as the suitability for a task to be conducted virtually and propose a Collaboration Virtualization Theory (CVT) to explain collaboration virtualization. Three categories (i.e., task, technology, and team) of constructs that determine the suitability of collaboration virtualization are derived from a systematic literature review of related areas. In summary, this dissertation addresses challenges in collaboration and process management, and we believe that our research will have important theoretical and practical impacts on the development of collaboration management systems.

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Salter, Robert Lawrence. "Two Case Studies of the University Strategic Planning Process." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3645324.

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This is a study of how the quality of a university strategic plan can be assessed on the basis of content validated rubrics. It further explores of the dynamics of how the choice of a planning process, i.e. inclusive or non-inclusive, can be affected by strategic intent, change capacity and leadership style of the organization's President.

As the definition of a quality strategic plan document is established by the study, the next problem the study addresses is the gap in higher education literature about the import of clear strategic intent, i.e. the focus on what the organization is trying to achieve. Therefore, two research questions evolve and are addressed in the study: (1) What are the factors that drive the choice of a strategic planning process? (2) Does the process choice affect the quality of the final plan document?

The first phase of research surveyed 16 presidents of prestigious universities. These participants content validated a Comprehensive Quality Matrix. In the second sampling process, faculty and staff from one Midwestern urban college (Site A) and another university in the same city (Site B) were engaged for focus groups and interviews as the beta sites. This second phase explores the assumption that faculty and staff are more inclined to accept and support change if they are viewed as beneficiaries of and collaborators in that change.

Conclusively, the research was a mixed study in that Phase I was quantitative in nature whereas Phase II was qualitative. A review of findings from the research reveals that criteria for a high-quality strategic plan document can indeed be defined. The researcher developed a Comprehensive Quality Matrix, whose content was validated by experts using a statistically significant standard method. The researcher also identified certain factors that affect the choice of a planning process (inclusive or exclusive). The major elements were strategic intent and culture management, while the minor elements were organizational capacity and organizational learning. Leader style and orientation were found to further impact process choice. Task-oriented leaders tend to be more exclusive in their planning processes, whereas relational leaders tend to be more inclusive.

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PACHECO, HENRIQUE FERNANDES. "THE PROCESS OF RECOGNITION OF INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES: CASE STUDIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36661@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
O presente estudo tem como objetivo central investigar o processo de reconhecimento de oportunidades no exterior por pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras. Este estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa longitudinal, que busca entender o fenômeno investigado a partir da perspectiva de processos. As teorias existentes em Negócios Internacionais assumem implicitamente que a internacionalização das firmas é precedida pelo processo de formação de oportunidades, mas apresentam pouca explicação sobre este processo, independentemente de as oportunidades serem criadas ativamente, descobertas aleatoriamente ou por meio de pesquisas Na literatura de empreendedorismo, apesar do crescente interesse pelo estudo de oportunidades, não foi encontrado nenhum modelo que descrevesse o processo de formação de oportunidades como um processo efetivamente. No campo de Empreendedorismo Internacional (EI) pouca atenção parece ter sido dispensada ao processo de reconhecimento de oportunidades internacionais desde que este subtema emergiu na literatura. Uma vez que EI deve integrar tanto as perspectivas teóricas de Negócios Internacionais quanto de Empreendedorismo, a revisão de literatura se divide em duas partes. A primeira apresenta a discussão ontológica sobre a natureza e formação das oportunidades empreendedoras, bem como o posicionamento teórico adotado. Na segunda parte busca-se identificar os fatores e os mecanismos pelos quais estes influenciariam o reconhecimento de oportunidades internacionais. O presente trabalho adotou a perspectiva teórica de Effectuation, uma vez que esta teoria, originária do campo do empreendedorismo, adota a lente de processos sobre a ação empreendedora e privilegia a lógica de controle sobre a lógica de previsão para as decisões estratégicas da firma em contextos de incerteza. De fato a teoria de Effectuation é adequada como embasamento para as teorias de internacionalização dado que a decisão de se internacionalizar é usualmente modelada como um processo e não uma decisão estratégica deliberada e orientada por metas em determinado momento do tempo. A seguinte pergunta orientou o estudo: Como empresas de porte pequeno e médio reconhecem oportunidades no mercado internacional? Observa-se que a pergunta endereçada neste trabalho busca entender como o fenômeno, reconhecimento de oportunidades internacionais, emerge, se desenvolve, cresce ou termina ao longo do tempo. Dessa forma, a perspectiva de processo parece ser a mais adequada para responder a pergunta de pesquisa. Assim sendo, conduziram-se dois estudos de casos longitudinais em empresas em fase de reconhecimento de oportunidades internacionais. Como método de coleta de dados adotou-se a observação em tempo real na qual as duas empresas foram acompanhadas por aproximadamente dois anos. A abordagem longitudinal em tempo real permitiu acompanhar os processos internos das organizações por tempo suficiente para observar como os empreendedores enxergam problemas e oportunidades no mercado externo e como reagem a eles. Os resultados permitiram traçar a evolução do processo de reconhecimento de tais empresas, identificando etapas e eventos importantes. Também foram identificados os fatores e os mecanismos que contribuíram para o reconhecimento das oportunidades no mercado internacional, sendo confrontados com a literatura sobre o tema. Por fim, os resultados obtidos adicionam conhecimento tanto sobre a internacionalização de empresas quanto para o campo do Empreendedorismo Internacional.
The present study has as main objective to investigate the process of recognition of international opportunities by small and medium Brazilian firms. This study is characterized as a longitudinal research, which seeks to understand the phenomenon investigated from the perspective of processes. Existing theories in International Business implicitly assume that the internationalization of firms is preceded by the process of opportunity formation, but presents little explanation of this process, whether opportunities are actively created, discovered randomly or through research. In the entrepreneurship literature, despite the growing interest in the study of opportunities, no model was found that described the process of opportunity formation as a process effectively. In the field of International Entrepreneurship (IE) little attention seems to have been dispensed with the process of recognizing international opportunities since this theme emerged. Since IE sould integrate both the theoretical perspectives of International Business and Entrepreneurship, the literature review is organized into two parts. The first presents the ontological discussion about the nature and the formation of entrepreneurial opportunities, as well as the theoretical positioning adopted. The second part seeks to identify the factors and mechanisms by which these would influence the recognition of international opportunities. The present work adopted the theoretical perspective of Effectuation, since this theory, originating in the field of entrepreneurship, adopts the lens of processes on the entrepreneurial action and privileges the logic of control over the forecasting logic for the strategic decisions of the firm in contexts of uncertainty. In fact, Effectuation theory is adequate as a basis for internationalization theories given that the decision to internationalize is usually modeled as a process rather than a deliberate and goal-oriented strategic decision at a given point in time. The following question guided the study: How do small and medium sized companies recognize opportunities in the international market? The question addressed in this paper seeks to understand how the phenomenon, recognition of international opportunities, emerges, develops, grows or ends over time. In this way, the process perspective seems to be the most adequate to answer the research. Thus, two longitudinal case studies were conducted in companies that are recognizing international opportunities. As a method of data collection, real-time observation was used in which the two companies were monitored for approximately two years. The longitudinal real-time approach has allowed tracking the internal processes of organizations long enough to observe how entrepreneurs see problems and opportunities in the external market and how they react to them. The results allowed the observation of the evolution of the process of recognition of such companies, identifying important steps and events. The factors and mechanisms that contributed to the recognition of opportunities in the international market were also identified, being confronted with the literature on the subject. Finally, the results obtained add knowledge both to International Bussines and to the field of International Entrepreneurship.

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Sewell, Martha H. "The organizational change process analysis through two case studies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15324.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY.
Bibliography: leaves 149-155.
by Martha H. Sewell.
M.S.

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Zhang, Xiaoping. "Multi-scale system dynamics and control : two case studies /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013046.

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Chu, Rong. "Bayesian adjustment for exposure misclassification in case-control studies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32108.

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Measurement error occurs frequently in observational studies investigating the relationship between exposure variables and the clinical outcome. Error-prone observations on the explanatory variable may lead to biased estimation and loss of power in detecting the impact of an exposure variable. The mechanism of measurement error, such as whether or in what way the quality of data is affected by the disease status, is seldom completely revealed to the investigators. This increases uncertainty in assessing the consequences of ignoring measurement error associated with observed data, and brings difficulties to adjustment for mismeasurement. In this study, we consider situations with a correctly specified binary response, and a misclassified binary exposure. We propose a solution to conduct Bayesian adjustment to correct for measurement error subject to varying differentiality, including the nondifferential misclassification, differential misclassification and nearly nondifferential misclassification. Our Bayesian model incorporates the randomness of exposure prevalences and misclassification parameters as prior distributions. The posterior model is constructed upon simulations generated by Gibbs sampler and Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Internal validation data is utilized to insure the resulting model is identifiable. Meanwhile, we compare the Bayesian model with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and simulation extrapolation (MC-SIMEX) methods, using simulated datasets. The Bayesian and MLE models produce accurate and similar estimates for odds ratio in describing the association between the disease and exposure, when appropriate assumptions regarding the differentially of misclassification are made. The 90% credible or confidence intervals capture the truth approximately 90% of the time. A Bayesian method corresponding to nearly nondifferential prior belief compromises between the loss of efficiency and loss of accuracy associated with other prior assumptions. At the end, we look at two case-control studies with misclassified exposure variables, and aim to make valid inference about the effect parameter.
Science, Faculty of
Statistics, Department of
Graduate

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Amalokwu, Obiajulum, and Lawrence Njilefack Ngoasong. "Budgetary and Management control Process in a Manufacturing." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-847.

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Date : June, 2008.

Level : Master Thesis EF0705, 10 points (15credits)

Authors : Amalokwu Obiajulum John (820821)

Lawrence Njilefack Ngoasong (770901)

Title : Budgetary and Management control Process in a Manufacturing

Organization.

Supervisor: Roland Almqvist.

Problem : What is the budgeting practice in the Nigerian Manufacturing companies?

Purpose : The aim of this study is to investigate the management control practice

(budget being the tool for management control) in Guinness Nigeria Plc and

to suggest what seems to us the most appropriate practice based on findings

from literatures and empirics

Method : The study was described based on a qualitative approach. Furthermore, we

described why we chose the company, sources of literature, techniques

employed in data collection (primary data), research purpose,

data analysis as well as critiques to the method use.

Conclusion : The Integration of strategic Management and Budgeting enhances

competitiveness which when attained is translated as high performance.

Keywords : Management Control, Budgeting, strategy, High performance and

Competitive advantage.

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Hylmö, Kajsa. "The acceptance process in road planning : two swedish case studies /." Alnarp : Instutionen för landskapsplanering, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/9855104.pdf.

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GOES, GIL BARRETO DE. "INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS IN THE BRAZILIAN VIDEO GAME INDUSTRY: CASE STUDIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24496@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A partir da década de 1990 registra-se crescente interesse no estudo de empresas que apresentam processo de internacionalização rápido e precoce, conhecidas na literatura como Born Globals. O presente estudo investigou o processo de internacionalização de duas Born Globals brasileiras de pequeno porte que atuam no desenvolvimento de jogos eletrônicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender as motivações, os processos de internacionalização, os fatores que influenciaram negativamente e positivamente a expansão internacional dessas empresas e as estratégias adotadas para se manterem no mercado internacional, sob o enfoque das principais teorias propostas pela literatura. O estudo foi de natureza qualitativa, utilizando-se o método de estudo de caso. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os principais executivos que atuam na área internacional dessas empresas e levantados dados secundários sobre as mesmas. Paralelamente, foi desenvolvida uma análise do setor de jogos eletrônicos e de sua internacionalização. Por fim, foi possível traçar a evolução do processo de internacionalização das empresas, identificando etapas e eventos importantes, assim como as razões que determinaram as principais ações das empresas, confrontando-se tais resultados com a literatura sobre o tema.
Since the 1990s there has been increasing interest in the study of companies that go through rapid and early internationalization processes. The literature refers to these firms as Born Globals. This study examines the internationalization processes of two small Brazilian Born Globals in the video game development industry, from the standpoint of the main theories present in the literature. The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of these firms motivations, their internationalization processes, the factors that positively and negatively influenced their international expansion, and the strategies they adopted to survive in the international market, The study is qualitative and employs the case study method. Primary data was gathered through interviews conducted with key executives who work in the international area of the two companies being studied. The study also made use of secondary data from. Parallel to the development of the case, an analysis of the video game industry and its internationalization was developed. Hence, the information gathered made it possible to trace the evolution of the internationalization processes of both companies, identifying important steps and events, as well as getting further insight into the reasons that behind some of the major corporate actions. Finally, these results were confronted with the extant.

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Strauss, Marthinus David. "Process-based decomposition and multicore performance : case studies from Stringology." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61273.

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Current computing hardware supports parallelism at various levels. Conventional programming techniques, however, do not utilise efficiently this growing resource. This thesis seeks a better fit between software and current hardware while following a hardware-agnostic software development approach. This allows the programmer to remain focussed on the problem domain. The thesis proposes process-based problem decomposition as a natural way to structure a concurrent implementation that may also improve multicore utilisation and, consequently, run-time performance. The thesis presents four algorithms as case studies from the domain of string pattern matching and finite automata. Each case study is conducted in the following manner. The particular sequential algorithm is decomposed into a number of communicating concurrent processes. This decomposition is described in the process algebra CSP. Hoare's CSP was chosen as one of the best known process algebras, for its expressive power, conciseness, and overall simplicity. Once the CSP-based process description has brought ideas to a certain level of maturity, the description is translated into a process-based implementation. The Go programming language was used for the implementation as its concurrency features were inspired by CSP. The performance of the process-based implementation is then compared against its conventional sequential version (also provided in Go). The goal is not to achieve maximal performance, but to compare the run-time performance of an ``ordinary'' programming effort that focussed on a process-based solution over a conventional sequential implementation. Although some implementations did not perform as well as others, some did significantly outperform their sequential counterparts. The thesis thus provides prima facie evidence that a process-based decomposition approach is promising for achieving a better fit between software and current multicore hardware.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Computer Science
PhD
Unrestricted

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Melén, Anton. "Case Studies: How to prepare for a complex research process." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32947.

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Al-Sammarree, Adnan Hashim. "A study of behavioural apsects in the budgetary control process." Thesis, Keele University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387310.

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Astley, J. A. "An evaluation of task analysis techniques for industrial process control." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10831/.

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The concept of a task is fundamental to the discipline of ergonomics. Approaches to the analysis of tasks began in the early 1900's. These approaches have evolved and developed to the present day, when there is a vast array of methods available. Some of these methods are specific to particular contexts or applications, others more general. However, whilst many of these analyses allow tasks to be examined in detail, they do not act as tools to aid the design process or the designer. The present thesis examines the use of task analysis in a process control context, and in particular the use of task analysis to specify operator information and display requirements in such systems. The first part of the thesis examines the theoretical aspect of task analysis and presents a review of the methods, issues and concepts relating to task analysis. A review of over 80 methods of task analysis was carried out to form a basis for the development of a task analysis method to specify operator information requirements in industrial process control contexts. Of the methods reviewed Hierarchical Task Analysis was selected to provide such a basis and developed to meet the criteria outlined for such a method of task analysis. The second section outlines the practical application and evolution of the developed task analysis method. Four case studies were used to examine the method in an empirical context. The case studies represent a range of plant contexts and types, both complex and more simple, batch and continuous and high risk and low risk processes. The theoretical and empirical issues are drawn together and a method developed to provide a task analysis technique to specify operator information requirements and to provide the first stages of a tool to aid the design of VDU displays for process control.

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Roseman, Diane Harriet. "A case-control study of male infertility /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10894.

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The'berge, Marc W. "Three case studies of management information systems." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA238310.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Haga, William J. Second Reader: Zviran, Moshe. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on December 21, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Management Information Systems, Naval Operations, Data Bases, Instructional Materials, Decision Aids, Aviation Accidents, Antisubmarine Warfare, Naval Training, Local Area Networks, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Case Studies, Database Management Systems, Local Area Networks, Decision Support. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

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Dore, Shaun David. "Application of geometric nonlinear control in the process industries : a case study." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7398.

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Kurkkio, Monika. "Managing the fuzzy front end of product and process development : case studies of process firms." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell Ekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25791.

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This thesis addresses different aspects of how to manage product development and process development. Two research studies have been conducted, both within the process industry. In the first study, the focus was on management control in collaborative product development and process development projects, whereas the focus in the second study was on managing the fuzzy front end (FFE) of product development and process development. Content-wise, the thesis comprises an introductory text and five appended papers with the overall purpose to increase our understanding of how process firms can improve the management of product development and process development, with a special emphasis on the fuzzy front end.The background to the first study was that it is difficult to manage collaborative development projects and that few empirical studies address accounting and control issues in such projects. However, the main focus in this thesis is on the FFE of the innovation process (the second study). The FFE is acknowledged as being one of the most critical stages of the whole innovation process, because the quality of emerging product- or process concepts is determined there. For example, improved product concepts can increase the overall speed of the innovation process as well as cutting costs. The costs of imposing changes in the FFE are still relatively low compared to changes in later stages. However, the FFE is difficult to manage because it implies a significant degree of uncertainty, and it is often characterised by ad-hoc decision-making and conflicting organizational pressures which make it difficult to plan and conduct. The existing research on the FFE has primarily focused on product development, but little is known about how to manage the FFE in other contexts. This thesis aims to shed light on the FFE in non-assembled product development and process development, mainly by means of multiple case studies.The first study of this thesis (paper I) shows that both informal and formal control mechanisms are important when firms conduct collaborative product development and process development projects. A central contribution in the first study is that it explores how the firms' motives affect the selection of formal and informal control mechanisms. For example, financial short-term motives (such as sharing development costs) were typically controlled by formal control mechanisms. On the other hand, informal control mechanisms were the main form of control if the motive was to build long-term relations with their customers. The main findings from the second study (papers II-V) were that the FFE phase of non-assembled product development and process development was conceptualized. These conceptualizations were done at a relatively detailed level and key activities in different sub-phases were thus identified. By conceptualizing the FFE of non-assembled product development and process development, a first and important step towards exploring how the FFE can be better managed was taken. In addition, the second study identified several managerial problems in the FFE, and the negative impact of many of these could arguably be decreased if more formal control mechanisms were introduced and applied. The empirical findings suggest a more formalized process for managing the FFE of non-assembled product development and process development. These findings are important in the light of a growing theoretical and managerial interest in the FFE phase of the innovation process.
Avhandlingen innefattar olika aspekter vid ledning och organisering av produkt- och processutveckling. Två forskningsprojekt har genomförts, båda inom process industrin. Det första behandlar styrning av produkt och processutvecklingsprojekt, som bedrevs i samarbete med externa parter. Det andra forskningsprojektet fokuserar på ledning och organisering av den tidiga fasen vid produkt- och processutveckling. Avhandlingen är en sammanläggningsavhandling och innefattar således en inledande text och fem artiklar. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka vår förståelse för hur processindustriföretag kan förbättra styrningen av produkt- och processutvecklingsprojekt, med särskilt fokus på den tidiga fasen. Bakgrunden till det första forskningsprojektet var svårigheten att styra produkt- och processutvecklingsprojekt som bedrivs i samarbete med externa parter. Få akademiska studier har undersökt vilken typ av styrning som används för att styra dessa projekt. Merparten av avhandlingen fokuserar på ledning och organisering av den tidiga fasen vid utveckling av nya eller förbättrade produkter och processer. Tidigare forskning har visat att denna fas är den mest kritiska i hela innovationsprocessen, eftersom en stor del av kvaliteten på nya produkter och processer bestäms där. Till exempel kan ett väldefinierat produktkoncept öka hastigheten i innovationsprocessen som i sin tur även leder till minskade kostnader. Detta eftersom kostnaderna för att genomföra förändringar i den tidiga fasen är relativt låga jämfört med att genomföra förändringar i senare skeden av processen. Den tidiga fasen är dock svår att leda eftersom den ofta kännetecknas av en hög grad av osäkerhet, ett osystematiskt beslutsfattande, motstridiga organisatoriska målsättningar. Dessa bidrar till att göra den tidiga fasen svår att planera och genomföra. Den befintliga forskningen om tidiga faser i innovationsprocessen har främst fokuserat på produktutveckling och lite är känt om hur man hanterar den tidiga fasen i andra sammanhang som t.ex. vid utveckling av företagets produktionsprocess. Avhandlingen syftar till att belysa ledning och organisering av den tidiga fasen vid utveckling av icke-sammansatta produkter, som t.ex. metall och stål, samt utveckling av företagens produktionsprocesser. En fallstudieansats har använts i båda forskningsprojekten.Det första forskningsprojektet i avhandlingen (artikel I) visar att företag använder sig av både formella och informella kontrollmekanismer när de leder inter-organisatoriska samarbetsprojekt. Ett centralt bidrag i detta projekt är att visa hur företagens motiv påverkar valet av kontrollmekanismer. Till exempel ekonomiskt kortsiktiga motiv (såsom att dela utvecklingskostnader) var oftast styrda genom formella kontrollmekanismer. Ifall målet var av mer långsiktig karaktär (som t.ex. att skapa och bygga relationer till sina kunder) användes informella kontrollmekanismer för att styra samarbetsprojektet.De viktigaste resultaten från det andra forskningsprojektet (artiklarna II-V) var att den tidiga fasen vid utveckling av icke-sammansatta produkter och processer har beskrivits. De två faserna har beskrivits på en relativt detaljerad nivå ett antal olika delfaser och nyckelaktiviteter har identifierats. Att beskriva vad som händer i den allra tidigaste fasen när man utvecklar produkter och processer var ett första viktigt steg för att kunna förstå hur företag kan bli bättre på att leda och organisera dessa tidiga faser i innovationsprocessen. Vidare så har flera svårigheter och problem identifierats i tidig fas vid utveckling av både produkter och processer. Flertalet av dessa skulle kunna minskas ifall företag tillämpade en mer systematisk process och tillämpade några formella kontrollmekanismer. Avhandlingen bidrar till det växande teoretiska intresse som finns för den tidiga fasen av innovationsprocessen genom att presentera vad som sker i den tidiga fasen vid utveckling av icke-sammansatta produkter och processer.
Godkänd; 2010; 20101207 (monika_k); DISPUTATION Ämnesområde: Företagsekonomi Opponent: Docent Maria Elmqvist, Chalmers tekniska högskola Göteborg Ordförande: Docent Johan Frishammar, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 28 januari 2011, kl. 13.00 Plats: A109

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Wang, Hui. "Error equivalence theory for manufacturing process control." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002252.

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Gustafsson, Samuel, and Mari Hukkanen. "Managing the integration process in a merger. Case: Cloetta Fazer." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1134.

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Background: Mergers have been increasing during the latter part of the 1990s. In the Nordic region many previously national companies have joined their forces to create a new Nordic company. This will lead to many challenges when the companies are integrated.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the integration phase. Our goal is to study the integration of Cloetta Fazer and learn how the company can handle the two types of integration.

Procedure: To be able to prove our assumptions, that were made on the basis of literature, we have collected empirical material by interviewing eight managers at Cloetta Fazer.

Summary: We have identified a conflict between structural and cultural integration that occur because one type of integration may proceed faster than the other. That is why our statement is that the two types of integration are dependent on each other.

Bakgrund: Fusioner har ökat under senare delen av 1990-talet. I Norden har många tidigare nationella företag gått samman för att bilda ett nytt nordiskt företag. Detta leder till utmaningar när företagen skall integreras.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka integrationsprocessen. Vårt mål är att studera integrationen av Cloetta Fazer och lära hur ett företag kan hantera de två olika typerna av integration.

Genomförande: För att kunna bevisa våra frågeställningar, som gjordes på basen av litteratur, har vi samlat in empiriskt material genom att intervjua åtta stycken chefer på Cloetta Fazer.

Sammandrag: Vi har identifierat en konflikt mellan strukturell och kulturell integration som beror på att den ena typen fortgår snabbare än den andra. Därmed är vår slutsats att dessa två typer av integration är beroende av varandra.

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M'lan, Cyr Emile. "Bayesian sample size calculations for cohort and case-control studies." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82923.

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Sample size determination is one of the most important statistical issues in the early stages of any investigation that anticipates statistical analyses.
In this thesis, we examine Bayesian sample size determination methodology for interval estimation. Four major epidemiological study designs, cohort, case-control, cross-sectional and matched pair are the focus. We study three Bayesian sample size criteria: the average length criterion (ALC), the average coverage criterion ( ACC) and the worst outcome criterion (WOC ) as well as various extensions of these criteria. In addition, a simple cost function is included as part of our sample size calculations for cohort and case-controls studies. We also examine the important design issue of the choice of the optimal ratio of controls per case in case-control settings or non-exposed to exposed in cohort settings.
The main difficulties with Bayesian sample size calculation problems are often at the computational level. Thus, this thesis is concerned, to a considerable extent, with presenting sample size methods that are computationally efficient.

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Scott, Randle Eric. "Arms control and national security: revealed through two case studies." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22915.

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The task of this research is to explore the relationship between arms control and national security. The author suggests that national security issues must dominate arms control initiatives and that the military command establishment should have an expanded role in shaping current arms control initiatives. The author considers two case studies to analyze this relationship. The first case study involves cruise missiles and reveals how issues such as politics, budgets, military missions, technology, stability and verification can impact on arms control negotiations and national security. The second case study shows the control that the military can and should exert in areas dealing with both arms control and national security interests. Lastly, the author proposes how the balance of arms control and national security should be achieved in the future. Theses. (fr)

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41

Barrett, John Charles. "Economic issues in trypanosomiasis control : case studies from Southern Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385554.

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42

Hein, Misty. "Occupational Cohort Studies and the Nested Case-Control Study Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250795434.

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43

Keeble, Claire Michelle. "Investigating solutions to minimise participation bias in case-control studies." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13857/.

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Case-control studies are used in epidemiology to try to determine variables associated with a disease, by comparing those with the disease (cases) against those without (controls). Participation rates in epidemiology studies have declined over recent years, particularly in the control group where there is less motivation to participate. Non-participation can lead to bias and this can result in the findings differing from the truth. A literature review of the last nine years shows that non-participation occurred in published studies as recently as 2015, and an assessment of articles from three high impact factor epidemiology journals concludes that participation bias is a possibility which is not always controlled for. Methods to reduce bias resulting from non-participation are provided, which suit different data structures and purposes. A guidance tool is subsequently developed to aid the selection of a suitable approach. Many of these methods rely on the assumption that the data are missing at random. Therefore, a new solution is developed which utilises population data in place of the control data, which recovers the true odds ratio even when data are missing not at random. Chain event graphs are a graphical representation of a statistical model which are used for the first time to draw conclusions about the missingness mechanisms resulting from non-participation in case-control data. These graphs are also adapted specifically to further investigate nonparticipation in case-control studies. Throughout, in addition to hypothetical examples and simulated data, a diabetes dataset is used to demonstrate the methods. Critical comparisons are drawn between existing methods and the new methods developed here, and discussion provided for when each method is suitable. Identification of factors associated with a disease are crucial for improved patient care, and accurate analyses of case-control data, with minimal biases, are one way in which this can be achieved.

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44

Greenstein, Daniel I. "Urban politics and the urban process : two case studies of Philadelphia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ed50068a-eeb2-433a-b2ab-279c7296b95f.

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Both academics and the makers of public policy have for a long time been interested in the study of urban politics, but the subject needs to be integrated with the process of urban growth and development. Too frequently, the urban polity is analyzed as an arena which passively reflects or mechanically responds to more fundamental changes in the urban social structure. In this work, case studies of political reform in Philadelphia at two periods, 1800 to 1854 and 1890 to 1915, develop a number of hypotheses about how the urban polity plays an influential role in shaping the process of urban growth and change. Both case studies begin with computer-assisted analyses of changes in the socio-economic and spatial structures of urban society. Such changes are often considered to be fundamental causes of urban political reform either because they altered political elites' interests in municipal government or because they created enormous new demands on existing municipal works and services. The studies show, however, that social structural changes cannot by themselves explain the course of urban political development in the city of Philadelphia. Concentrating primarily on the formulation and implementation of municipal public works, the studies show that in both periods, the course of political reform was often shaped by two things: the 'private' or selfish interests of political actors, and the fragmented financial, administrative and party structures of the urban polity. More important, the studies show how self-interested political activities, in a polity in which authority was highly fragmented, often had consequences which were far reaching in their impact on the structure and experience of urban life. Indeed, the first case study shows how urban politics shaped the process of social group formation in the industrializing city. The second case study shows how the structure and conduct of urban politics determined social groups' political power in the city. The conclusion then demonstrates how the case studies support a number of hypotheses about the relationship between urban politics and urban society which may be applied generally to analyses of the process of urban growth and change.

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45

Uma, V. "NGOS and rural development process in India : case studies from Rayalaseema." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316295.

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46

Latif, Hafizah Mohd. "Case studies of Malaysian contractors" bidding process : ethical principles and practices." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.657600.

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The issue of unethical behaviour in construction public contracting is not a new phenomenon and many initiatives have been put in place to curb such behaviour. However, ethical behaviour has shown no improvement over the years. Previous studies in the construction industry have focused on the nature of the unethical behaviour that takes place rather than exploring the means and strategies to tackle the problem. This necessitates research to identify the influencing factors of unethical behaviour in bidding in order to improve the business ' standards/processes in construction contracting. This involves investigating the ethical standards of contractors in preparing bids and the relationship with organisational policies that constitute formal ethical measures. The research was conducted in the Malaysian context, undertaken from a qualitative research design perspective. Data were collected from three case studies through observation, interviews and documentary evidence. The analysis was carried out in three stages: (1) coding, (2) context, mechanisms and outcome and 3. cross-case analysis. Some pre-determined concepts were used but the analysis remained open to emergent findings. This provided an in-depth understanding of how ethical standards come about and how these influence the bid preparation. The findings suggest a relationship between organisational policies and bidding team members' job performance. However, this relationship is more complex in regards to the ethical conduct of the bidding teams. In this regards, middle managers were found to have significant influence on the behaviour of team members and it is inferred that top management seek to control approaches used in the bidding process. Therefore, formalised procedures, such as anti-corruption pledges and standard operating procedures, have no impact on the ethical conduct of the bidding team members, as they do not provide any insight into the actual tasks. Similarly, although the clients' rules have an influence on ethical behaviour in bidding, such rules, however, are project-specific and do not always fit with routine activities. The findings call for more in-depth studies to improve our understanding about the ethical standards of construction organisations in different contexts. This will help regulators and practitioners become acquainted with areas for improvement

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Sanchez, Edinzo J. Iglesias. "Using fuzzy logic to enhance control performance of sliding mode control and dynamic matrix control." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001497.

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48

Sargut, Kamil Umut. "Application Of Statistical Process Control To Software Development Processes Via Control Charts." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1270081/index.pdf.

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The application of Statistical Process Control (SPC) to software processes has been a challenging issue for software engineers and researchers. Although SPC is suggested for providing process control and achieving higher process maturity levels, there are very few resources that describe success stories, implementation details, and implemented guidelines for applying SPC to specific metrics. In this thesis the findings of a case study that is performed for investigating the applicability of SPC to software metrics in an emergent CMM Level 3 software organization are presented. As being one of the basic and most sophisticated tools of SPC, control charts are used for the analysis. The difficulties in application of Statistical Process Control to a CMM Level 3 organization are observed by using the existing data of defect density, rework percentage, productivity and review performance metrics and relevant suggestions are provided for dealing with them. Finally the analysis results are summarized and a guideline is prepared for software companies who want to utilize control charts by using their existing metric data.

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49

Rees, David John. "A case-control study of mesothelioma in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26363.

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This thesis reports the results of a prospective multicentred case-control study of mesothelioma carried out in South Africa. The objectives of the study were: 1) to examine asbestos exposure of cases in detail with respect to source, risk occupations, fibre type and duration; 2) to determine relative risks for level (certainty) of exposure (definite, probable, possible, unlikely), for category of exposure (occupational, environmental), and for fibre type and skin colour; 3) to determine whether cases without recall of exposure were exposed to other non-asbestos putative agents; 4) to investigate the possible protective effect of certain dietary components. Previous studies of mesothelioma in South Africa had, with the exception of one incidence study, focused on particular occupational or case material, exposure data had been gathered in a non-systematic way, often indirectly from surrogates, and non-asbestos agents had not been investigated. In this case-control study these issues are all addressed. In addition, special efforts were made to minimise potential sources of bias (e.g. interviewer bias) and so to furnish reliable effect estimates. The study incorporated the following methodological features: 1) a prospective approach to gather exposure and dietary information directly from the cases and controls in life and so avoid the use of surrogates for this information; 2) the study was multicentred with study teams established in six cities, each with a major referral hospital, to maximise nation-wide coverage; 3) information was gathered with interviewers blind (at least at the beginning of the study) to study objectives and case control status at the time of the interview; 4) rigorous pathologic review was used to establish the diagnosis of mesothelioma; 5) two controls were selected for each case, a cancer and a non-cancer patient matched for hospital, sex, age and skin colour; 6) in analysis the case control datasets were treated separately (i.e cases and cancer controls, and cases and non-cancer controls were treated as two separate datasets). One hundred and twenty three cases were accepted into the study. No case was documented with purely chrysotile exposure nor exposure to a putative non-asbestos cause of the tumour without some evidence of asbestos exposure. A minimum of 22 cases (18%) had exclusively environmental exposure, 20 were from the NW Cape (a crocidolite mining region). Fifty eight percent had occupational exposure, three of whom had mined amosite. The relative risks associated environmental exposure in the NW Cape were larger than for environmental exposure in the NE Transvaal: 21.9 versus 7.1 for the cancer control dataset and 50.9 versus 12.0 for the medical control dataset. Increasing consumption of carotene rich fruit was found to be protective for mesothelioma when adjusted for asbestos exposure. The results confirm the high disease burden due to occupational exposure, the importance of environmental exposure in the crocidolite mining area of the NW Cape, the relative paucity of cases linked to amosite, the rarity of chrysotile cases, and are consistent with the view that there is a fibre gradient in mesotheliomagenic potential for South African asbestos with crocidolite > amosite > chrysotile. The evidence for a protective effect of carotene rich fruit is new in the South African context.

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50

Huffman, Michael Robert. "Implementing statistical process control : a case study in a high-technology culture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12799.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Process control case studies'

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