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1
Doyle, Francis J., Edward P. Gatzke, and Robert S. Parker. "Practical case studies for undergraduate process dynamics and control using process control modules." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 6, no. 3 (1998): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0542(1998)6:3<181::aid-cae7>3.0.co;2-9.
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Kestel, Steve, Matthew Gray, Weixin Shi, and Junquan Yan. "Energy Savings From Advanced Process Control: Two Case Studies." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2013, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813503161.
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Hu, S. J. "Statistical Process Control For Correlated Processes: Case Studies In Automotive Manufacturing." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 16, no. 4 (January 1996): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.1996.11760302.
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Punter, John. "Aesthetic control within the development process: A case study." Land Development Studies 3, no. 3 (September 1986): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640828608723914.
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Madić, Miloš, Marko Kovačević, Miroslav Radovanović, and Vladislav Blagojević. "SOFTWARE TOOL FOR LASER CUTTING PROCESS CONTROL – SOLVING REAL INDUSTRIAL CASE STUDIES." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 2 (August 2, 2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume1602135m.
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Laser cutting is one of the leading non-conventional machining technologies with a wide spectrum of application in modern industry. It order to exploit a number of advantages that this technology offers for contour cutting of materials, it is necessary to carefully select laser cutting conditions for each given workpiece material, thickness and desired cut qualities. In other words, there is a need for process control of laser cutting. After a comprehensive analysis of the main laser cutting parameters and process performance characteristics, the application of the developed software tool “BRUTOMIZER” for off-line control of CO2 laser cutting process of three different workpiece materials (mild steel, stainless steel and aluminum) is illustrated. Advantages and abilities of the developed software tool are also illustrated.
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Glasson, Brian, and Philip Booth. "Negotiation and delay in the development control process: case studies in Yorkshire and Northumberside." Town Planning Review 63, no. 1 (January 1992): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.63.1.3ul5h0503w706953.
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Cram, W. Alec, M. Kathryn Brohman, and R. Brent Gallupe. "Addressing the Control Challenges of the Enterprise Architecture Process." Journal of Information Systems 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-50913.
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ABSTRACT This paper examines the enterprise architecture process from the perspective of information systems controls, which refer to attempts to influence the behavior of employees in order to achieve organizational goals. Although controls have been extensively studied in processes such as systems development, there is little research examining control within the enterprise architecture process, despite its rising importance in today's organizations. This paper examines how enterprise architecture controls are employed in practice and considers the challenges faced in their design and operation. Drawing on empirical data from two in-depth case studies, enterprise architecture controls are classified and analyzed using COBIT 5. Our findings identify a series of specific challenges with enterprise architecture controls. Based on these challenges, we outline recommendations to practitioners in overseeing the enterprise architecture process and develop propositions to help guide future research initiatives to enhance enterprise architecture performance.
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Sonda, Paul, Andrew Yeckel, Jeffrey J. Derby, and Prodromos Daoutidis. "The feedback control of the vertical Bridgman crystal growth process by crucible rotation: two case studies." Computers & Chemical Engineering 29, no. 4 (March 2005): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.09.013.
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Manwatkar, Sushant K., M. Swathi Kiranmayee, Abhay Kumar Jha, P. Ramesh Narayanan, K. Sreekumar, and Parameshwar Prasad Sinha. "Metallurgical Failure Analysis-Few Case Studies." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.695.
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Advancement in material science has reached great heights both in terms of development and properties but still failures continue to happen. Failure is often accompanied by economic and human loss. Failures generally occur due to error of knowledge, error of performance and error of intent which comprises improper design and/or material selection, deficiency in processing and assembly. Failure analyst plays an important role in evaluating the causes of failure by using various analytical tools to arrive at the conclusion and suggests remedies to avoid its reoccurrence. This paper highlights the important steps in failure analysis with a few case studies demonstrated. Case studies include the failure of plumbing tube used in engine gimbal control system of liquid propulsion system, where failure was initiated due to process deficiency and its propagation was facilitated under fatigue loading. In the other case study discussed, failure of steel fasteners was due to hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking (HISCC).
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M Roque, Ana Filipa, Maria do Céu Alves, and Mário Lino Raposo. "Management accounting and control system in the u-model internationalization process. A case study." Innovar 31, no. 80 (April 1, 2021): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v31n80.93661.
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This study examines the role of management accounting and management control systems (macs) in the successful implementation of the Uppsala Internationalization Model (U-Model) and in the improvement of firms’ performance. To achieve this, and after a broad literature review, a case study was conducted. Using a dynamic and “inside-out” approach, data was collected through interviews and documental analysis. The internationalization model (im) of a company and the relationship between macs and its internationalization strategy (U-Model) were analyzed. This study emphasizes the existence of several roles (passive and active) of macs and highlights the fact that these systems are used throughout the internationalization process (ip) in differentiated ways. As far as we know, it is the first time the relationship between macs and a specific internationalization model (U-Model) has been studied. This research helps to increase knowledge in practice, as it helps companies understand how they can adjust their macs according to their U-Model development phase. Given the growing interest in internationalization, we hope to contribute to improving the knowledge on the relationship between macs and the ip and its effects on companies’ performance. This study points to promising results that justify further studies of this relationship.
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Bowles, David E., and Lorraine R. Gardiner. "Supporting process improvements with process mapping and system dynamics." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 67, no. 8 (November 12, 2018): 1255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-03-2017-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of combining process mapping and system dynamics (SD) in an organization’s ongoing business process improvement projects. Design/methodology/approach Norfield Industries, designer and manufacturer of prehung door machinery, used process mapping and SD in a project targeting the improvement of its design document control process. The project team first used process mapping to document its current process and identify potential improvements. The team then developed an SD model to investigate the potential impacts of proposed process changes. Findings The case study supports the communication and transparency benefits of process mapping reported in earlier studies. Consistent with other case studies using simulation, SD provided useful insights into possible results of proposed process changes. Research limitations/implications The findings have limitations with respect to generalizability consistent with the use of a case study methodology. Practical implications Organizational managers desiring to include simulation modeling in process improvement efforts have a choice between discrete event simulation and SD. SD may prove able to consume less organizational resources than discrete-event simulation and provide similar benefits related to reducing the risks associated with process changes. Originality/value The current case study adds to the existing literature documenting the use of process mapping combined with simulation modeling in process improvement efforts. The case study supports existing literature regarding the value of process mapping in making system processes more transparent. The results also support previous findings regarding the value of SD for simulating the possible results associated with scenarios under consideration for process improvements.
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Murillo, Lina-Maria. "Birth Control, Border Control." Pacific Historical Review 90, no. 3 (2021): 314–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2021.90.3.314.
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Betty Mary Goetting opened the first birth control clinic on the U.S.-Mexico border in 1937. The rhetoric she used to advocate for contraception in El Paso, Texas, paralleled eugenic trends in the birth control movement nationwide, focused on curbing fertility rates among those considered of poor mind and body. Where previous studies focus on the urban North, this borderlands case study places the birth control movement’s attention to overpopulation within the context of immigration restrictions at the U.S.-Mexico border. Goetting’s birth control campaigns, supported by the movement’s pioneer Margaret Sanger, targeted Mexican-origin women as part of a larger process that sought to protect the body politic from non-white immigrants while simultaneously exploiting their labor. Despite Catholic backlash against birth control and the racist rhetoric of Anglo birth control advocates, Mexican-origin women enthusiastically visited the El Paso birth control clinic. Given the dearth of health care afforded working-class, Mexican-origin women at this time, hundreds of women used the clinic’s services for their own purposes—reminding us that birth control movements offer a paradox of coercion and choice.
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Lohmann, Lara Julia, and Jochen Strube. "Process Analytical Technology for Precipitation Process Integration into Biologics Manufacturing towards Autonomous Operation—mAb Case Study." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030488.
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The integration of real time release testing into an advanced process control (APC) concept in combination with digital twins accelerates the process towards autonomous operation. In order to implement this, on the one hand, measurement technology is required that is capable of measuring relevant process data online, and on the other hand, a suitable model must be available to calculate new process parameters from this data, which are then used for process control. Therefore, the feasibility of online measurement techniques including Raman-spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), diode array detector (DAD) and fluorescence is demonstrated within the framework of the process analytical technology (PAT) initiative. The best result is achieved by Raman, which reliably detected mAb concentration (R2 of 0.93) and purity (R2 of 0.85) in real time, followed by DAD. Furthermore, the combination of DAD and Raman has been investigated, which provides a promising extension due to the orthogonal measurement methods and higher process robustness. The combination led to a prediction for concentration with a R2 of 0.90 ± 3.9% and for purity of 0.72 ± 4.9%. These data are used to run simulation studies to show the feasibility of process control with a suitable digital twin within the APC concept.
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Hayter, Teresa. "No Borders: The Case against Immigration Controls." Feminist Review 73, no. 1 (April 2003): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400071.
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This article presents the case against immigration controls. Nation states, which are giving up controls on the movement of goods and capital, nevertheless still try to control the movement of people. Like controls under apartheid, immigration controls will eventually become untenable. They are also a relatively recent phenomenon. The actions of the governments of the rich countries, their international agencies and corporations increase both the opportunities and the need for migration. Together with arms sales and support for right-wing repressive regimes, they bear much responsibility for the wars and persecution from which people are forced to flee. The strongest reason for abolishing immigration controls is the increasingly harsh suffering they impose on refugees and migrants, largely to deter others. In the process, they undermine many human rights, including potentially those of existing residents.
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Reddy, Raghunandan, Arun Kumar Sharma, and Munmun Jha. "Gendered labour process." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 9/10 (September 9, 2019): 831–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2019-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perspective of “gendered labour process” to explore the aspectsof managerialism, which utilize gender as a control measure to achieve its ends. The paper seeks to integrate gender and labour process theory and contribute to studies on gendering of organizations that focus on organization logic as well as integrated studies of labour process theory and gender. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilizes thematic analysis as the method for analysing the interviews of senior managers in an information technology service organization in India, to identify managerial ideologies and practices. Findings A gendered labour process perspective could reveal the institutional orders that systemically discriminate or exclude women in organizations, rather than gender ideologies alone. Practical implications Rather than focussing on gender sensitization alone, as is the case with the gender diversity initiatives, it may be fruitful to revisit work design and work organization, to identify and implement changes, so that women’s marginalization and exclusion from certain workplaces could be minimized. Social implications A view of gendered labour process could aid public policies aimed at enabling women to continue their employment without disruptions. Originality/value The paper attempted to integrate gender and labour process theory by delineating the organization logic that deploys gender as a means of managerial control.
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K. Dibia, Ifechukwude, Hom Nath Dhakal, and Spencer Onuh. "Lean “Leadership People Process Outcome” (LPPO) implementation model." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 25, no. 5 (May 27, 2014): 694–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2011-0076.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the Lean “Leadership People Process Outcome” (LPPO) implementation model. Design/methodology/approach – The model is developed from existing models through literature review and its success from use in lean implementation is reported in case studies. Findings – The LPPO model is a Lean implementation model that is flexible and easily adaptable. It is system based, people driven, customer centred, with measurable outcome and a drive for continuous improvement. Research limitations/implications – This work is based on existing literature and case studies. Practical implications – The paper would be of interest to Lean practitioners as the model developed is system generic and easily adaptable. Originality/value – The LPPO model presented in this paper has been newly developed and the successful application is seen in the case studies.
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Belhaj, W., and O. Boubaker. "On MIMO PID Control of the quadruple-tank process via ILMIs Approaches : Minimum and Non-Minimum Case studies." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 32 (December 2013): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20131218-3-in-2045.00083.
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Bache, Ian. "Governing through Governance: Education Policy Control under New Labour." Political Studies 51, no. 2 (June 2003): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00425.
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Central to the debates on governance is the extent to which this process erodes state power. This article looks at the control of education policy since 1997. Education has not been immune from the developing process of governance. Moreover, Labour government education policies have accelerated this process: there has been greater fragmentation of policy-making, with a proliferation of cross-sectoral and multi-level participation. However, in this case, central government has not only retained control over policy-making but has been able to achieve its policy goals more effectively. Two case studies: ‘New Labour and the Local Education Authorities’ and ‘New Labour and the Funding of Education’, demonstrate the advantages for the centre in voluntarily governing through governance.
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Dominy, Glass, O’Connor, Lam, and Purevgerel. "Integrating the Theory of Sampling into Underground Mine Grade Control Strategies: Case Studies from Gold Operations." Minerals 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040238.
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Grade control aims to deliver adequately defined tonnes of ore to the process plant. The foundation of any grade control programme is collecting high-quality samples within a geological context. The requirement for quality samples has long been recognised, in that these should be representative and fit-for-purpose. Correct application of the Theory of Sampling reduces sampling errors across the grade control process, in which errors can propagate from sample collection through sample preparation to assay results. This contribution presents three case studies which are based on coarse gold-dominated orebodies. These illustrate the challenges and potential solutions to achieve representative sampling and build on the content of a previous publication. Solutions ranging from bulk samples processed through a plant to whole-core sampling and assaying using bulk leaching, are discussed. These approaches account for the nature of the mineralisation, where extreme gold particle-clustering effects render the analysis of small-scale samples highly unrepresentative. Furthermore, the analysis of chip samples, which generally yield a positive bias due to over-sampling of quartz vein material, is discussed.
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Savoie, Jean, and Melinda Bissinger. "Case Studies and Applications of Flowforming to Aircraft Engine Component Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.443.
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Aircraft engine components are assemblies of several parts that are manufactured using various processes: deep drawing and machining, among others. Deep drawing cannot control accurately wall thicknesses and is performed in numerous steps. Machining parts from solids is less and less cost effective as prices for raw materials increase. Hence, the use of near net shape manufacturing methods is becoming more appealing. An alternative forming process is here investigated: flowforming, process well adapted to axisymmetric parts. The amount of forming steps, welding and machining could be significantly reduced, reducing lead-times and manufacturing costs. Examples are presented for the forming of selected parts (gas generator cases, fan cases and diverter ducts), together with their metallurgical and mechanical properties. Flowforming, however, can only generate shells with some hollow details: most flanges, bosses, stiffeners or weld lips cannot be obtained. Hence, methods of adding material are explored.
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Fells, Ray. "Settlement Process or Tactical Opportunity? Mediation in Industrial Relations." Journal of Industrial Relations 41, no. 4 (December 1999): 594–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569904100407.
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Mediation is often suggested as an alternative method of resolving industrial disputes. However, the precise nature of mediation in the industrial relations context is not clear, and although the emphasis is on a facilitative approach, the evidence from two case studies suggests that a more interventionist approach may be more typical. The case studies also suggest that mediation will be used tactically during the course of a negotiation as well as being a means of bringing the dispute to an end. This opportunity for a tactical recourse to mediation is increased where the legislation seeks to guide or control the conduct of negotiations, as in the case of the proposed amendments to the Workplace Relations Act 1996. Some implications that arise from this tactical opportunity are explored, including tbe development of a motivational perspective to mediation.
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Zhou, Dong, Mei Hui Wang, Lin Huo, and Chuan Lv. "Virtual Maintenance Process Modeling and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.527.
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Virtual maintenance technique brings new mode for system maintainability design and analysis, however, the theory of virtual maintenance is not fully studied and researches are deficiency in the key field of virtual maintenance modeling and simulation. So virtual maintenance model and simulation control method are studied in the paper. Virtual maintenance model is based on Petri Net and can describe the relations of maintenance resources, and the model structure, formal definition, maintenance object, resource state and model operation are given. In addition, virtual maintenance simulation rules and simulation scheduling method are built in the paper. Simulation scheduling objective, flow and conflict features of maintenance process simulation are analyzed, and conflict strategies are addressed subsequently. Finally, a case study of the LRU repair of an aircraft is conducted, and the result confirms the validation and feasibility of all the studies, which can become a new technique means for maintainability engineering.
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Ghorbani, Yousef, Glen T. Nwaila, Steven E. Zhang, and Martyn P. Hay. "Repurposing legacy metallurgical data part II: Case studies of plant performance optimisation and process simulation." Minerals Engineering 160 (January 2021): 106667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106667.
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Ma, Luning, Dongya Zhao, Shuzhan Zhang, Jiehua Feng, and Lei Cao. "Discrete-time sliding mode control for a class of nonlinear process." IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information 37, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 513–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamci/dnz011.
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Abstract The efficient control of nonlinear processes is generally considered to be challenging. The development of digital computers promotes the study of nonlinear process control technology. Due to the discrete sampling of digital computer, it is necessary to develop the corresponding control algorithms for nonlinear processes. In this paper, a new equivalent control-based discrete-time sliding mode control is proposed for a class of nonlinear process with uncertainty and external disturbance. An adaptive law and a disturbance observer are designed to estimate the uncertainty and the disturbance, respectively. By combining with them, the new discrete-time sliding mode control is developed with good performance. The corresponding theoretical analysis is well verified by using Lyapunov function. Finally, the proposed approach is demonstrated by case studies in light of MATLAB.
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Li, Hezun, Na An, and Junyong Liu. "Strategic planning, strategy map and management control: a case study." Nankai Business Review International 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 386–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-10-2020-0054.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between the components of the management control system (MCS) based on the reform process of the management system of China Resources Group and the influence of these components on the implementation effect of MCS. Design/methodology/approach This study uses an exploratory research method and an open-ended grounded theory approach to conduct six formal investigations and several in-depth interviews with employees and senior management in China Resources Group. This paper supplements these data by performing a documentary analysis of the internal documents of China Resources Group such as the statistical yearbook, business plan and meeting records. Findings This study puts forward four propositions. The formal strategic planning process creates an application environment for the strategy map and balanced scorecard (BSC), making it easier for an enterprise to adopt these tools. The combination of the strategy map and formal strategic planning helps to build the logical relationship between strategic goals and budget goals and strengthens the correlation between budget and strategy. In diversified organizations applying MCS, the strategy map and BSC facilitate the implementation of the strategy for specialized business units, while the financial measure system facilitates the implementation of the strategy for diversified business units. Strategic boundaries based on financial measures in the MCS help organizations determine the scope of strategic choices before implementing strategies. Research limitations/implications Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability and the influence of the strategic planning process on budget participation, budget slack and other budget behaviors has not been fully discussed. Therefore, future studies are expected to provide more evidence regarding strategic planning and budget behaviors. Practical implications Before establishing a strategy map and BSC, the enterprise should consider the application environment to ensure their feasibility and legitimacy and construct the BSC system under appropriate conditions. A formal strategic planning process should be formed within the enterprise; that is, a set of detailed management methods should be adopted and clear rules should be used to support the enterprise management control process. The enterprise should add strategic boundaries to the MCS to determine the scope of strategic choices and the budgeting bottom line. Originality/value This paper sheds light on the impact of the formal strategic planning process on the organization and contributes new evidence on the key success factors for implementing the strategy map and BSC, enriching the researchers’ understanding of the applicability of the BSC.
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Ng, Choon Khon, and Mohd Fauzi Zanil. "Development of IoT based Heat Exchanger Control Trainer for Undergraduate Process Control Programme." Research Communication in Engineering Science & Technology 2 (May 23, 2019): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22597/rcest.v2.57.
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Heat exchanger control trainer is a device that helps to demonstrate process control of process variables and simulates real world industrial plant system whereas the implementation of Internet of things (IoT) technology allows wireless communication. This paper describes a work to develop an IoT based heat exchanger control trainer for undergraduate process control programme with the implement Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and fuzzy logic controller into the control trainer system together. The work started up with the development of graphical user interface (GUI) for the control trainer followed by the construction and coding of the control trainer prototype. The work has developed a heat exchanger control trainer GUI with PID and fuzzy logic controller. Information was able to be transmitted wirelessly between the GUI and control trainer prototype using Wi-Fi modules. The tested maximum signal strength was -90 dBm in 50 m when connected to indoor Wi-Fi router. The control trainer was able to achieve simple temperature feedback control of the cold side of the heat exchanger. The user manual included the basic user guide of the developed control trainer user interface. Kp, Ki, Kd of Ziegler-Nichols tuning method obtained in Offline case studies are 90,18, 112.5 whereas 7.2009, 1.1473, and 7.3163 for Cohen-Coon tuning method. The Offline test result shows a better accuracy of control using the fuzzy logic controller with -0.07% of steady-state error. Further improvement could be made to by adding cooling system into the control trainer prototype and apply modern techniques in the GUI control systems.
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Sikder, Sagar, Subhash Chandra Panja, and Indrajit Mukherjee. "An integrated approach for multivariate statistical process control using Mahalanobis-Taguchi System and Andrews function." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 34, no. 8 (September 4, 2017): 1186–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-11-2015-0163.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a new easy-to-implement distribution-free integrated multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) approach with an ability to recognize out-of-control points, identify the key influential variable for the out-of-control state, and determine necessary changes to achieve the state of statistical control. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach integrates the control chart technique, the Mahalanobis-Taguchi System concept, the Andrews function plot, and nonlinear optimization for multivariate process control. Mahalanobis distance, Taguchi’s orthogonal array, and the main effect plot concept are used to identify the key influential variable responsible for the out-of-control situation. The Andrews function plot and nonlinear optimization help to identify direction and necessary correction to regain the state of statistical control. Finally, two different real life case studies illustrate the suitability of the approach. Findings The case studies illustrate the potential of the proposed integrated multivariate process control approach for easy implementation in varied manufacturing and process industries. In addition, the case studies also reveal that the multivariate out-of-control state is primarily contributed by a single influential variable. Research limitations/implications The approach is limited to the situation in which a single influential variable contributes to out-of-control situation. The number and type of cases used are also limited and thus generalization may not be debated. Further research is necessary with varied case situations to refine the approach and prove its extensive applicability. Practical implications The proposed approach does not require multivariate normality assumption and thus provides greater flexibility for the industry practitioners. The approach is also easy to implement and requires minimal programming effort. A simple application Microsoft Excel is suitable for online implementation of this approach. Originality/value The key steps of the MSPC approach are identifying the out-of-control point, diagnosing the out-of-control point, identifying the “influential” variable responsible for the out-of-control state, and determining the necessary direction and the amount of adjustment required to achieve the state of control. Most of the approaches reported in open literature are focused only until identifying influencing variable, with many restrictive assumptions. This paper addresses all key steps in a single integrated distribution-free approach, which is easy to implement in real time.
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Zabiri, H., and M. Gaberalla M. K. Elarafi. "Analysis of Control Valves Stiction Quantification Tool." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49895.
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Control valve stiction is considered as one of the main sources of control loops nonlinearities which impacts plants profitability. In turn, this phenomenon hinders the plant from being operated at optimal conditions. Therefore, an efficient and accurate stiction quantification algorithm is required for accurate stiction compensation and timely scheduling of control valve maintenance. This research investigates the robustness and recommends improvements to the previously developed stiction quantification approach by Zabiri et al. The approach was tested under several operating conditions which were simulated in five case studies by using MATLAB software. The case studies investigated the impact of a wide range of stiction values, controller tuning, disturbance, time delay and noise on the quantification approach. The algorithm was found to be robust since it quantified the correct values of stiction regardless of the operating conditions. It was found that the accuracy of the quantification results depends on the process model accuracy, number of data samples and the search resolution. A number of improvements were recommended and validated by simulation in order to further enhance the current quantification approach. As conclusion, the algorithm can be applied on any type of process due to its robustness.
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Wu, Shuangping, and Anjun Xu. "Calculation Method of Energy Saving in Process Engineering: A Case Study of Iron and Steel Production Process." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 5756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185756.
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The effect of the traditional energy saving mode on process engineering is decreasing, so the idea of system energy saving is developing vigorously. This paper summarizes the existing studies on energy saving from three aspects—energy saving technology, energy management, comprehensive evaluation or analysis—and clearly finds that related studies on energy saving have been gradually promoted to promote the development of system energy saving in the whole process engineering process. Among them, the calculation of energy saving brought by energy saving technology is a difficult point in the research. This paper proposes a novel calculation method of energy saving by taking the iron and steel production process (ISPP) as an example. According to the actual data provided by a steel plant in China, the calculation method is validated effectively.
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Birnhack, Michael. "A Process-based Approach to Informational Privacy and the Case of Big Medical Data." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 20, no. 1 (March 16, 2019): 257–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2019-0009.
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Abstract Data protection law has a linear logic, in that it purports to trace the lifecycle of personal data from creation to collection, processing, transfer, and ultimately its demise, and to regulate each step so as to promote the data subject’s control thereof. Big data defies this linear logic, in that it decontextualizes data from its original environment and conducts an algorithmic nonlinear mix, match, and mine analysis. Applying data protection law to the processing of big data does not work well, to say the least. This Article examines the case of big medical data. A survey of emerging research practices indicates that studies either ignore data protection law altogether or assume an ex post position, namely that because they are conducted after the data has already been created in the course of providing medical care, and they use de-identified data, they go under the radar of data protection law. These studies focus on the end-point of the lifecycle of big data: if sufficiently anonymous at publication, the previous steps are overlooked, on the claim that they enjoy immunity. I argue that this answer is too crude. To portray data protection law in its best light, we should view it as a process-based attempt to equip data subjects with some power to control personal data about them, in all phases of data processing. Such control reflects the underlying justification of data protection law as an implementation of human dignity. The process-based approach fits current legal practices and is justified by reflecting dignitarian conceptions of informational privacy.
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van der Veer, S. N., K. J. Jager, N. Peek, N. F. de Keizer, and A. Koetsier. "Control Charts in Healthcare Quality Improvement." Methods of Information in Medicine 51, no. 03 (2012): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me11-01-0055.
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SummaryObjectives: Use of Shewhart control charts in quality improvement (QI) initiatives is increasing. These charts are typically used in one or more phases of the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycle to monitor summaries of process and outcome data, abstracted from clinical information systems, over time. We summarize methodological criteria of Shewhart control charts and investigate adherence of published QI studies to these criteria.Methods: We searched Medline, Embase and CINAHL for studies using Shewhart control charts in QI processes in direct patient care. We extracted methodological criteria for Shewhart control charts, and for the use of these charts in PDSA cycles, from textbooks and methodological literature.Results: We included 34 studies, presenting 64 control charts of which 40 control charts plotted two phases of the PDSA cycle. The criterion to use 10–35 data points in a control chart was least adhered to (48.4% non-adherence). Other criteria were: transformation of the data in case of a skewed distribution (43.7% non adherence), when comparing data from two phases of the PDSA cycle the Plan phase (the first phase) needs to be stable (40.0% non-adherence), using a maximum of four different rules to detect special cause variation (14.1% non-adherence), and setting control limits at three standard deviations from the mean (all control charts adhered).Conclusion: There is room for improvement with regard to the methodological construction of Shewhart control charts used in QI processes. Higher adherence to all methodological criteria will decrease the risk of incorrect conclusions about the process being monitored.
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St George, R. J., V. S. Gurfinkel, J. Kraakevik, J. G. Nutt, and F. B. Horak. "Case Studies in Neuroscience: A dissociation of balance and posture demonstrated by camptocormia." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00582.2017.
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Upright stance in humans requires an intricate exchange between the neural mechanisms that control balance and those that control posture; however, the distinction between these control systems is hard to discern in healthy subjects. By studying balance and postural control of a participant with camptocormia — an involuntary flexion of the trunk during standing that resolves when supine — a divergence between balance and postural control was revealed. A kinematic and kinetic investigation of standing and walking showed a stereotyped flexion of the upper body by almost 80° over a few minutes, and yet the participant’s ability to control center of mass within the base of support and to compensate for external perturbations remained intact. This unique case also revealed the involvement of automatic, tonic control of the paraspinal muscles during standing and the effects of attention. Although strength was reduced and MRI showed a reduction in muscle mass, there was sufficient strength to maintain an upright posture under voluntary control and when using geste antagoniste maneuvers or “sensory tricks” from visual, auditory, and haptic biofeedback. Dual tasks that either increased or decreased the attention given to postural alignment would decrease or increase the postural flexion, respectively. The custom-made “twister” device that measured axial resistance to slow passive rotation revealed abnormalities in axial muscle tone distribution during standing. The results suggest that the disorder in this case was due to a disruption in the automatic, tonic drive to the postural muscles and that myogenic changes were secondary. NEW & NOTEWORTHY By studying an idiopathic camptocormia case with a detailed biomechanical and sensorimotor approach, we have demonstrated unique insights into the neural control of human bipedalism 1) balance and postural control cannot be considered the same neural process, as there is a stereotyped abnormal flexed posture, without balance deficits, associated with camptocormia, and 2) posture during standing is controlled by automatic axial tone but “sensory tricks” involving sensory biofeedback to direct voluntary attention to postural alignment can override, when required.
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DOMINGUES, A. R., S. M. PIRES, T. HALASA, and T. HALD. "Source attribution of human salmonellosis using a meta-analysis of case-control studies of sporadic infections." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 6 (December 8, 2011): 959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811002172.
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SUMMARYSalmonella is an important cause of human illness. Disease is frequently associated with foodborne transmission, but other routes of exposure are recognized. Identifying sources of disease is essential for prioritizing public health interventions. Numerous case-control studies of sporadic salmonellosis have been published, often using different methodologies and settings. Systematic reviews consist of a formal process for literature review focused on a research question. With the objective of identifying the most important risk factors for salmonellosis, we performed a systematic review of case-control studies and a meta-analysis of obtained results. Thirty-five Salmonella case-control studies were identified. In the meta-analysis, heterogeneity between studies and possible sources of bias were investigated, and pooled odds ratios estimated. Results suggested that travel, predisposing factors, eating raw eggs, and eating in restaurants were the most important risk factors for salmonellosis. Sub-analyses by serotype were performed when enough studies were available.
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Nakano, Mikihisa, Takuya Akikawa, and Makoto Shimazu. "Process integration mechanisms in internal supply chains: case studies from a dynamic resource-based view." International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 16, no. 4 (August 2013): 328–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2013.813919.
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Zhang, Li Xiang. "Two Degree of Freedom Model Driven PID Control for Unstable Process with Time Delays." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.45.
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PID control systems are the most commonly used control technology in industries. However, there are issues on control performances for the unstable process with time delays. In order to improve the control performances of PID control systems, a new two degree of freedom model driven PID control system is introduced in this paper and it is used to the unstable processes with time delay. The model driven PID control is capable of stabilizing with unstable processes by using PD feedback, regulating quickly for disturbance and tracking quickly to the change of set point. With case studies comparing with conventional PID control systems was done.
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Moreira, L. C., W. D. Li, X. Lu, and M. E. Fitzpatrick. "Energy-Efficient machining process analysis and optimisation based on BS EN24T alloy steel as case studies." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 58 (August 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2019.01.011.
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Mondal, S. C. "Process capability – a surrogate measure of process robustness: a case study." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-12-2013-0202.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain a better understanding on robust performance of a hardening and tempering process producing component worm shaft used in the steam power plant. This research is capable to explaining the variation of process capability in terms of robustness. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposed a methodology (a combination of simulation, regression modelling and robust design technique) to study robustness of a hardening and tempering process producing component worm shaft used in the steam power plant and process capability acts as a surrogate measure of robustness. In each experimental run, the values of responses and the corresponding multivariate process capability indices across the outer array are determined. The variation of process performance (process capability values) due to random noise variation is studied using a general purpose process control chart (R-chart). Findings – The results provide useful information in term of insensitiveness of the process against the noise (raw material and process noise) variation where the process capability acts as a surrogate measure of process robustness and explains the variation of process capability in term of robustness. Practical implications – This paper adds to the body of knowledge on robustness of a manufacturing process. This paper may be of particular interest to practicing engineers as it suggests what factors should be more emphasis to achieve robust (consistent) performance from the process. Originality/value – The originality of this paper lies within the context in which this study is to address key relationships between process robustness and process capability in a manufacturing industry.
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MacNeill, Stephanie J., Livia Pierotti, Mohammed A. Mohammed, Martin Wildman, Jonathan Boote, Steve Harrison, Siobhán B. Carr, Paul Cullinan, Caroline Elston, and Diana Bilton. "Identifying exceptional cystic fibrosis care services: combining statistical process control with focus groups." Health Services and Delivery Research 7, no. 6 (February 2019): 1–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr07060.
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Background The Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Registry collects clinical data on all patients attending specialist CF centres in the UK. These data have been used to make comparisons between centres on key outcomes such as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) using simple rankings, which promote the assumption that those with the highest measures provide ‘better’ care. Objectives To explore whether or not using statistical ‘process control’ charts that move away from league tables and adjusting for case mix (age, where appropriate; sex; CF genotype; pancreatic sufficiency; and socioeconomic status) could identify exceptional CF care services in terms of clinically meaningful outcomes. Then, using insight from patients and clinicians on what structures, processes and policies are necessary for delivering good CF care, to explore whether or not care is associated with observed differences in outcomes. Design Cross-sectional analyses. Setting Specialist CF centres in the UK. Participants Patients aged ≥ 6 years attending specialist CF centres and clinicians at these centres. Main outcome measures FEV1% predicted. Data sources Annual reviews taken from the UK CF Registry (2007–15). Results We studied FEV1 in many different ways and in different periods. In our analyses of both adult and paediatric centres, we observed that some centres showed repeated evidence of ‘special-cause variation’, with mean FEV1 being greater than the mean in some cases and lower than the mean in others. Some of these differences were explained by statistical adjustment for different measures of case mix, such as age, socioeconomic status, genotype and pancreatic sufficiency. After adjustment, there was some remaining evidence of special-cause variation for some centres. Our data at these centres suggest that there may be an association with the use of intravenous antibiotics. Workshops and focus groups with clinicians at paediatric and adult centres identified a number of structures, processes and policies that were felt to be associated with good care. From these, questionnaires for CF centre directors were developed and disseminated. However, the response rate was low, limiting the questionnaires’ use. Focus groups with patients to gain their insights into what is necessary for the delivery of good care identified themes similar to those identified by clinicians, and a patient questionnaire was developed based on these insights. Limitations Our data analyses suggest that differences in intravenous antibiotic usage may be associated with centre-level outcomes; this needs to be explored further in partnership with the centres. Our survey of centre directors yielded a low response, making it difficult to gain useful knowledge to inform further discussions with sites. Conclusions Our findings confirm that the CF Registry can be used to identify differences in clinical outcomes between centres and that case mix might explain some of these differences. As such, adjustment for case mix is essential when trying to understand how and why centres differ from the mean. Future work Future work will involve exploring with clinicians how care is delivered so that we can understand associations between care and outcomes. Patients will also be asked for their perspectives on the care they receive. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Chen, Qiming, Xinyi Fei, Lie Xie, Dongliu Li, and Qibing Wang. "Causality analysis in process control based on denoising and periodicity-removing CCM." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing and Special Equipment 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jimse-06-2020-0003.
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Purpose1. To improve the causality analysis performance, a novel causality detector based on time-delayed convergent cross mapping (TD-CCM) is proposed in this work. 2. Identify the root cause of plant-wide oscillations in process control system.Design/methodology/approachA novel causality analysis framework is proposed based on denoising and periodicity-removing TD-CCM (time-delayed convergent cross mapping). We first point out that noise and periodicity have adverse effects on causality detection. Then, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and detrended fluctuation analysis (FDA) are combined to achieve denoising. The periodicities are effectively removed through singular spectrum analysis (SSA). Following, the TD-CCM can accurately capture the causalities and locate the root cause by analyzing the filtered signals.Findings1. A novel causality detector based on denoising and periodicity-removing time-delayed convergent cross mapping (TD-CCM) is proposed. 2. Simulation studies show that the proposed method is able to improve the causality analysis performance. 3. Industrial case study shows the proposed method can be used to analyze the root cause of plant-wide oscillations in process control system.Originality/value1. A novel causality detector based on denoising and periodicity-removing time-delayed convergent cross mapping (TD-CCM) is proposed. 2. The influences of noise and periodicity on causality analysis are investigated. 3. Simulations and industrial case shows that the proposed method can improve the causality analysis performance and can be used to identify the root cause of plant-wide oscillations in process control system.
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Neupokoev, Igor V. "Institute of Inspection Control over Parochial Schools (the Case of the Tobolsk Disctrict)." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 5, no. 4 (2019): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2019-5-4-127-138.
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This article studies the inspection supervision implemented in parochial schools (established during Alexander III’s reign on the basis of the “Rules” of 1884) in the Tobolsk District. This study relies on the normative base of such primary schools and the previously unpublished sources from the archives of Kurgan and Tobolsk. Due to the constant increase in interest in the history of regional education, and with the search for successful historical experience in the field of effective control over the educational sphere, this topic seems relevant. Being interdisciplinary, it attracts the attention of both the history of Russia and the history of pedagogy. This problem was rarely studied separately as an independent topic of study. In academic discourse, it was analyzed only as one of the components of the educational process or as part of the general history of the church school. This article aims to fill in this lacuna. The author describes the stages in the development of supervisory institutions, from deans to observers. He also explains the reasons for refusing the services of the deans and introducing the Institute of observers, describes the typology of the Institute of Inspectorate (Imperial, diocesan, and county), their status and pay, Imperial and diocesan legal foundation. Special attention is paid to the specifics of the observers’ performance of their functional duties, which included audit trips to schools. The inspection trips resulted in reports containing comments and recommendations for further improvement of the educational process in church schools.
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Aradhye, H. B., J. F. Davis, and B. R. Bakshi. "Art-2 and multiscale art-2 for on-line process fault detection — Validation via industrial case studies and Monte Carlo simulation." Annual Reviews in Control 26, no. 1 (January 2002): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-5788(02)80020-7.
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Li, Xiaojuan, Chen Wang, and Ali Alashwal. "Case Study on BIM and Value Engineering Integration for Construction Cost Control." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8849303.
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Construction projects consume a considerable amount of resources and funding. Cost control is an essential process to attain project success and enhance its value. Many studies have been dedicated to studying how value engineering (VE) can be used to control construction costs. However, limited studies can be found on the integration of building information modelling (BIM) and VE for better cost control and optimization. The main purpose of this study is to determine how BIM can be integrated with VE and illustrate the benefits of this integration. The study proposed a framework based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method to calculate the weight and coefficient. A case study method of a high-rise building project in China was used to validate the framework and demonstrate how BIM can be integrated with VE. The data were collected through document analysis, interviews, and a questionnaire survey targeted on project participants. The findings show that the integration of BIM in VE facilitates design modification and information extraction such as cost data. Using this approach showed a saving of 10% in project cost and duration. Besides, the overall quality and performance of the project have been enhanced. The findings show the significance of integrating BIM and VE to enhance building project functionality and performance before, during, and after the construction stage. This study contributes to providing empirical evidence of the advantages of this integrated approach including a better understanding of project components and requirements, easy access to project data, comprehensive weight and function analysis, easy validation of recommended solutions, and ability to virtually evaluate design changes and construction site planning.
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Cooper, Cindy T., and Christopher Mele. "Urban Redevelopment as Contingent Process: Implicating Everyday Practices in Berlin’s Renewal." City & Community 1, no. 3 (September 2002): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00024.
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In this article, we generate a “middle–ground” perspective to interrogate the range of interactions between political economic processes and everyday practices in the study of urban redevelopment. Focusing on the contested redevelopment of residential, commercial, and public spaces in the Spandauer Vorstadt neighborhood of Berlin, we examine how institutions and individuals incorporated certain local everyday practices and behaviors into renewal agendas. Such processes of incorporation were neither uniform nor homogeneous but disputed; state actors, planners, and developers, as well as residents, focused on certain existing neighborhood practices (and ignored others) in an effort to manage and control the course of neighborhood redevelopment. Conversely, everyday practices influenced redevelopment processes in ways often not intended by residents or other stakeholders. Finally, while our findings pertain to the case study of Berlin, we suggest that similar processes are at work in other cases of urban redevelopment in Western cities.
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Padmaja Satheeswarakumar, Lakshmi, Tatu Joy Elenjickal, Shashi Kiran Mohan Ram, and Kartheesan Thangasamy. "Assessment of Mandibular Surface Area Changes in Bruxers Versus Controls on Panoramic Radiographic Images: A Case Control Study." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010753.
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Background: Bruxism is the commonest of the many parafunctional activities of the masticatory system. Opinions on the causes of bruxism were numerous and widely varying. It can occur during sleep as well as wakefulness. Bruxism was for long considered a major cause of tooth wear. Other effects of bruxism may include tooth movement and tooth mobility, as well as changes in oral soft tissues and jaw bone. Since the exact etiology and manifestations are unclear, it was difficult to diagnose Bruxism. In this study, we evaluated the area change as measured from digital panoramic radiographs that can occur in the lower jaw bone in those with Bruxism and compared the results with non-bruxers. Aims and Objective: To determine the surface area changes of the mandible, condylar and coronoid processes in Bruxers from Panoramic radiographs and to compare and contrast the changes with age and gender matched controls. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. The total sample size was 40. The sample was divided into two groups, Bruxers and non-bruxers with 20 subjects in each group. Healthy volunteers aged between 20- 30 years diagnosed with Bruxism and Healthy volunteers aged between 20- 30 years diagnosed without Bruxism were included in group II (Non-Bruxers). Bruxchecker was made use of in confirming the Bruxism in Group I. The Panoramic radiograph was used as the imaging modality for the study. The measurements were made with the help of software, Image J. All the measurements were tabulated and statistical analysis was made using ANOVA (Post hoc) followed by Dunnett’s test and unpaired t test. Results: A comparison of the mandibular surface area as a whole and also condylar and coronoid processes individually were carried out. Significant results were obtained in case of condylar and coronoid processes between the two groups. The surface area of condylar process of Group I was found to be lower than that of Group II. The surface area of the right coronoid process of group I was found to be less when compared to that of group II but the values of the left coronoid process of group I was found to be more when compared with group II. The surface area of the mandible showed no significant difference between the groups. There was significant difference between the genders in case of mandible, condyle and coronoid. The surface area of mandible and condylar process was found to be lower in female when compared to male. The surface area of coronoid process was found to be more in case of females when compared to that of males in Group I. The results of our study show that while the overall surface area of bruxers remain unaffected when compared to controls, the condylar and coronoid process show significant change. The hitherto belief that the primary brunt of bruxism is borne by the masseter would require a revisit since alteration in tonicity of the masseter would reflect in surface area change of the mandible as a whole. An increase in the surface area of the coronoid process in bruxers was observed in our study which could be attributed to altered activity of the temporalis, a muscle largely responsible for the posture of the mandible. This could imply that bruxers show alteration in temporalis activity which would explain several clinical manifestations such as headache, neck pain, shoulder pain and altered posture and so on which we have observed in the clinical practice of neuromuscular dentistry. Further studies examining the activity of the temporalis and masseter would further corroborate our findings and form the basis for future research in this arena. Conclusion: This original research was carried out to assess the surface area changes in mandible and condylar and coronoid processes of Bruxers and non-bruxers. The results showed significant changes in the surface area of condylar and coronoid process in Bruxers when compared to the controls. This is an area of study with paucity of available literature. This study would be a stepping stone for future studies in this arena.
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Dave, Bhargav. "Business process management – a construction case study." Construction Innovation 17, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-10-2015-0055.
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Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate the need for a structured business process improvement effort needed while restructuring organisational processes within a construction company. Through the longitudinal study, the study also highlights the importance of a continuous improvement initiative to sustain such an improvement effort. Design/methodology/approach The research followed an action research and the case study approach using semi-structured interviews and group workshops within the case organisation. Overall, six departments were analysed, 35 interviews with senior and middle managers were conducted, existing business process documents were studied and processes were documented. The data were compiled using a process modelling software and Business Process Markup Notation methodology. Additionally, a longitudinal analysis following the completion of process modelling exercise was carried out over a period of eight years. Findings The overall study highlights the importance of business process management (BPM) for construction organisations. The case study also demonstrated that even smaller business units and its processes affected the overall value chain in a major way and the importance to analyse the process interdependencies between organisational units. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the research was that it is based on a single-case-study company based in the UK. More research is needed with other organisations with different work practices and culture and geographic location. Practical implications Primarily, the research outlines specific steps taken during a structured process improvement exercise in a construction company, including procedures for collecting data, developing process maps and analysis of data. The longitudinal study highlights the challenges in sustaining such an initiative. For practitioners, strengths and weaknesses of various process improvement methods and a detailed description of a BPM implementation can be used as a guideline for future projects. From a research point of view, the paper highlights the need for deeper and long-term analysis of such initiatives and the importance of immersion of researchers within the environment. Originality/value The paper provides deeper insights into the structured process improvement exercise within a construction company. Second and more importantly, the longitudinal study is one of its kind in the construction industry to shed light on the factors affecting sustainability of such initiatives.
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Ammar, Sameh. "Enterprise systems, business process management and UK-management accounting practices." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 14, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 230–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-05-2016-0044.
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Purpose This paper aims to address the extant and arguable role of enterprise systems (ES) in relation to management accounting practices (MAPs) through an inclusion relative neglect account of business process management (BPM). This is also extended to draw out an analytical framework to advance our understanding of how BPM mediate ES-MAPs interplay. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional case study was adopted as a research strategy with which to collect data about the ES-BPM-MAPs interplay as a unit of analysis. The latter, in the first stage, was examined across (89) mini-case studies operating in the UK context through reports and documentations collected from cases’ websites, vendors and consultants of information systems. Drawn insights from cross-sectional analysis and contributions made by prior studies are blended together to inform the second stage that outlines an analytical framework for ES-BPM-MAPs interplay. Findings Different ES are mobilised to address different orientations of BPMs and being used for different managerial functions and purposes. Different patterns of ES-BPM-MAPs interplay are identified across (89) UK-case studies and the BPM is a fulcrum understanding. These patterns are centred around three key BPM including customer, logistics and control processes and all oriented by a continuum of an organisation intention focus on control, understanding and strategising. Both processes and orientations explain ES development and MAPs evolution processes. Standardisation, integration and intelligence are key characteristics sought through ES mobilisations. By complementary, information provision, analytics and simulation are three sophisticated ways of using MA information facilitated by ES characteristics. Research limitations/implications Dynamic processes of MAPs change over time and are beyond the reach of this study. Such approach requires full access to case studies. BPM is fulcrum understanding of MAPs change and/or stability in relation to ES implementation including other components. Practical implications Findings and analytical framework could be used as a base for establishing the best approach in adopting ES to fully exploit the potential of future ES applications as well as to avoid organisations pitfalls of implementations. Organisations are advised to understand their existing business processes, characteristics of MA information would be achieved first upon which decision of ES components selection and implementation could be outlined. Originality/value The indirect interplay between ES and MAPs through business processes is rarely examined. By the inclusion of BPM and using cross-sectional case studies, this research contributes to the existing shortcomings of ES-MAPs interplay by broadening the picture and proposing an analytical framework. The latter advances our understanding by focusing on attributes of ES-BPM-MAPs upon which informal changes in-the use of MAPs are recognised.
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Altinisik, Armagan, and Utku Yildirim. "Failure prediction in electrical connector assembly: a case in automotive assembly process." Assembly Automation 40, no. 6 (October 20, 2020): 881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-06-2020-0077.
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Purpose Electrical defects cover an important part of assembly defects and strongly affect the vehicle system performance. Almost 40% of assembly defects are classified as human errors and electrical connection failures represent a significant part of them. Humans still remain a cost-effective solution for the flexible manufacturing systems with increasing product complexity. So, understanding human behaviors is still a challenging task. The purpose of this study is to define, prioritize and validate the critical factors for the complexity of electrical connector plugin process. Design/methodology/approach The critical variables were defined by the expert team members. The required number of measurements and variables were revised resulting preliminary analysis of binary logistic regression. After the revision of measurement plan, the list of critical input variables and the mathematical model were defined. The model has been validated by the fitted values of the residuals (FITS analysis). Findings To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the limited studies, which defines the critical factors for electrical connection process complexity. Female connector harness length, connector width/height/length differences, operator sense of correct connector matching and ergonomy were defined as the factors with the highest impact on the failure occurrence. The obtained regression equation strongly correlates the failure probability. Practical implications The obtained mathematical model can be used in new model development processes both for the product and assembly process design (ergonomy, accessibility and lay-out). Originality/value The obtained risk factors demonstrated a strong correlation with assembly process complexity and failure rates. The output of this study would be used as an important guide for process (assembly line ergonomy, accessibility and lay-out) and product design in new model development and assembly ramp-up phases.
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Smith, Anthony E. "New Technology and the Non-Manual Labour Process in Britain." Articles 46, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 306–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050672ar.
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Drawing on evidence from five detalled case studies, this paper focuses on the relationship between technical innovation and non-manual skills and work organization. In none of these cases could the introduction of new technologies simply equate technical innovation with deskilling and enhanced managerial control. Indeed, one of the more interesting and important findings of the research was that technological change has been more favourable for technical than for clerical occupational groups.
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Zangirolami-Raimundo, Juliana, Jorge De Oliveira Echeimberg, and Claudio Leone. "Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies." Journal of Human Growth and Development 28, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.152198.
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In health the most frequent researches are done in the form of observational studies. In this type of scientific research the researchers did not interfere with the phenomena under study, only observed in a systematic and standardized manner, collecting and recording information, data or materials that spontaneously occur at a particular time of the health-disease process, or along its natural evolution, and then proceed with its description and/or analysis. In observational studies normally four types of study design are used: case series studies, cross-section studies, case-control studies and cohort studies. Thus, cross-sectional studies are very useful in descriptive studies when used in studies that are proposed to be analytical, the results must be interpreted by researchers with good experience in that specific field of knowledge, using a lot of caution and common sense.
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Momme, Jesper, Morten M. Moeller, and Hans-Henrik Hvolby. "Linking Modular Product Architecture to the Strategic Sourcing Process: Case Studies of Two Danish Industrial Enterprises." International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 3, no. 2 (July 2000): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713682754.
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