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Journal articles on the topic 'Process developpement'
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Hirashima, N., R. Nishihana, Y. Takasaki, et al. "Developpement of a process fot producing extremely low carbon steel at Nippon Steel, Yawata Works." Revue de Métallurgie 97, no. 3 (2000): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/200097030309.
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Klein, J. C. Von Vaupel. "OLIGOMERIZATION IN COPEPODA CYCLOPOIDA AS A KIND OF ORTHOGENETIC EVOLUTION IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM." Crustaceana 72, no. 3 (1999): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503320.
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AbstractThe morphological-evolutionary notions on oligomerization (i.e., reduction in numbers of segments) of the thoracic limbs and the first antenna in Copepoda Cyclopoida are examined in detail. It is shown that the process of oligomerization is correlated to a large extent with a decrease in body length. The oligomerization of the thoracic limbs is evolutionarily irreversible, thus capable of channeling the further pathways of morphological development. Consequently, its successive steps in phylogenetic lineages are considered to represent a kind of orthogenetic evolution. Les notions morphologiques-evolutionnaires sur l'oligomerisation (c'est-a-dire sur la reduction du nombre des segments) des pattes thoraciques et de la premiere antenne chez les Copepodes Cyclopoida sont examinees en detail. Il est montre que le processus d'oligomerisation est en correlation dans une large mesure avec une diminution de la longueur du corps. L'oligomerisation des pattes thoraciques est evolutionnairement irreversible, etant ainsi capable d'orienter le cours ulterieur du developpement morphologique. Par consequent, ses pas successifs dans les lignees phylogenetiques sont consideres comme representant une sorte d'evolution orthogenetique.
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Basile, Aklamavo, Gonzallo Germain та Vigninou Toussaint. "Importance Et Contributions De La Fete ‘‘Wemԑxwe’’ Dans Le Developpement Des Communes De La Basse Vallee De L’oueme". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, № 26 (2017): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n26p136.
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Faced with the inability of the process of decentralization to achieve true grassroots development in Benin, people have turned towards the endogenous development initiatives. These initiatives refer to the community festivals that existed long before the advent of the decentralization process in Benin. This is a typical case of the “Wémԑxwé” festival in the lower Ouémé valley. This study aims to analyze the importance of socio-cultural realities in the development of localities. In order to understand the importance of community festivals in the development of local authorities, the documentation of this subject is practically non-existent. The participating observation and the field survey made it possible to collect the necessary data from a sample of 200 people. The sample, however, is composed of local elected representatives, local elites, members of the intermunicipal coordination committee of the "Wémԑxwe" festival, development associations, religious leaders, people, and the traditional and notable leaders of the lower valley of the Ouémé. Thus, the technique of “snowball” was used as a sampling method. The SWOT model (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) was used to analyze the results. According to this study, the community festival “Wémԑxwé” is of great importance in the development of local communities in the lower valley of Ouémé. Due to its yearly celebration, it leaves traces of development on the site having sheltered it. This includes socio-communal infrastructures and paths that were arranged and overlaid. It has invested approximately CFAF 246 324 508 in all the four communes of the lower Ouémé valley from the first edition in 2009 to the sixth edition in 2015.
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Kadjegbin, Toundé Roméo Gislain. "Activites Agricoles et Developpement Local dans la Commune d’Athieme au Sud-Ouest du Benin." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 13 (2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n13p103.
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Dans le processus de la gouvernance locale, les nouvelles stratégies de développement impliquent la contribution financière de tous les acteurs de la vie sociale dans les divers projets de développement. Ce travail vise à analyser la contribution des activités agricoles au développement local dans la commune d’Athiémé. L’approche méthodologique utilisée s’articule autour de la collecte des données (recherche documentaire et enquêtes de terrain), de leur traitement et de l’analyse des résultats. Sur la base d’un choix raisonné, 238 personnes sont retenues pour l’enquête et 04 personnes ressources interviewées. Le modèle FFOM (SWOT) a servi à l’analyse synthétique des résultats. Il ressort de cette étude que la commune d’Athiémé dispose de potentialités naturelles et humaines favorables au développement d’une variété de culture. En effet, l’activité agricole occupe près de 70 pour cent de la population active. La production dans la commune est essentiellement basée sur la culture du maïs (de 6241 t en 1995 à 5582 t en 2017), du manioc (de 105 t en 1995 à 114 t en 2017), de l’arachide (de 105 t en 1995 à 5582 t en 2017) et de quelques produits maraichers (tomate, piment, etc). Les revenus issus de ces productions ont contribué à améliorer les conditions de vie des producteurs mais aussi au financement de la mise en place des infrastructures sociocommunautaires puisque les TPA (Taxes des Patentes) varient entre 100 FCFA et 600 FCFA perçues chaque jour de marché et les recettes fiscales ont évolué progressivement allant de 15,67 pour cent en 2009 à 34,15 pour cent en 2019. Toutefois, de nombreuses difficultés d’ordre technique, économique et social constituent un problème pour le bon fonctionnement des organisations paysannes. Pour remédier à ces difficultés, les organisations paysannes ont besoin d’une assistance financière et technique de la part des autorités locales.
 
 In the process of local governance, the new development strategies involve the financial contribution of every actor in social life in the various development projects. This work aims at analyzing the agricultural activities' contribution to the local development of Athiémé municipality. The methodological approach used involves the data collection (documentary research and field surveys), treatment, and analysis of findings. A sample of 238 people has been chosen for the study, and 04 resource people have been interviewed. The SWOT model was used for the synthetic analysis of the findings. The findings analysis reveals that Athiémé municipality gets some natural and human potentials favorable to developing a variety of crops. Production in the area is mainly based on corn cultivation, cassava, peanuts, and some garden products (tomatoes, peppers, etc.). Agricultural activities represent nearly 70 pour cent of the active population. Not only have the incomes from these productions helped improve producers' living conditions, but they have also helped to set up socio-community infrastructures since the TPA (Taxes des Patentes) varies between 100 FCFA and 600 FCFA, and the tax receipts have evolved gradually from 15.67 pour cent in 2009 to 34.15 pour cent in 2019. However, many technical, economic and social difficulties are obstacles to the proper functioning of farmers' organizations. To overcome these difficulties, farmers' organizations need financial and technical assistance from local authorities.
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Kellner, Markus. "‘Tort Law of the European Community’: A Plea for an Overarching Pan–European Framework." European Review of Private Law 17, Issue 2 (2009): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2009010.
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Abstract: Community legislation and case law exert an ever–growing infl uence on the tort law of the Member States. Yet, ‘community tort law’ does not form a consistent and self–contained body of law. Rather, community legislation has approximated Member State law only eclectically, and community case law remains confi ned to a few specialized forms of liability. So far, community tort law is not founded on overarching principles and is, by consequence, riddled with inconsistencies. This situation is exacerbated since little regard has been given to the ‘general principles common to the laws of the Member States’ (Article 288 (ex Article 215) (2) of the European Community Treaty) in the past, and so a hasty disintegration of national tort law threatens. An overarching pan–European framework would halt this process and commence the genesis of a homogenous European tort law. Resumé : Le droit communautaire exerce une influence de plus en plus grande sur le droit de la responsabilite civile des Etats membres. Cependant, le "droit de la responsabilite civile communautaire" ne constitue pas un domaine juridique autonome et coherent, etant donne que la jurisprudence des Cours de justice europeennes s’est limitee a quelques types speciaux de responsabilite. Ce n’est que d’une maniere eclectique que le droit communautaire se rapproche du droit des Etats membres. A cela s’ajoute le manque de principes fondamentaux solides qui provoque des contradictions internes. Et puisqu’on n’a porte jusqu’a present que peu d’attention aux "principes generaux communs aux droits des Etats membres" (Article 288 du Traite CE), on risque la decomposition prematuree des droits de la responsabilite civile nationaux qui existaient traditionnellement. Seule une structure generale de base paneuropeenne pour le droit de la responsabilite civile peut mettre finace developpement tout en contribuant en meme temps au developpement d’un droit europeen homogene de la responsabilite civile. Zusammenfassung: Das europäische Gemeinschaftsrecht ubt einen stetig wachsenden Einfl uss auf das Haftpflichtrecht der Mitgliedstaaten aus. Allerdings bildet das “Gemeinschaftshaftpflichtrecht” kein eigenstandiges und koharentes Rechtsgebiet, denn die Rechtsvereinheitlichung durch das Sekundarrecht ist bislang recht eklektisch geblieben und die Rechtsprechung der europaischen Gerichtshofe beschrankt sich auf einige wenige Haftungsformen. Da das “Gemeinschaftshaftpflichtrecht” bislang auch nicht auf tragfahigen Grundprinzipien beruht, wird es von inneren Widerspruchen geplagt. Da den “allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsatzen, die den Rechtsordnungen der Mitgliedstaaten gemeinsam sind” (Artikel 288 (ehemals Artikel 215) Absatz 2 des EG-Vertrages), zudem nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wurde, droht eine voreilige Zerschlagung dieser natürlich gewachsenen Rechtsgebiete. Nur eine paneuropäische Grundstruktur kann diesen Prozess aufhalten ung zugleich Grundstein der Entwicklung eines homogenen europäischen Haftplichtsrechts sein.
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Ayeni, Bola. "Geospatial Information Science as a Paradigm Shift." Journal of Geospatial Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2014): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/jgst/v1i1.8.
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This paper demonstrates that the advent of GIS has led to situations in the processes of scientific investigation that are indicative of a paradigm shift in both research focus and efforts in the environmental and social sciences, delivery of health facilities and services, and in numerous areas of urban and regional planning. It is argued that the deep involvement of Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIS&T) in various national development activities has also led to a greater understanding of socio-political systems. It is demonstrated that GIS&T possesses the potentials to change how we abstract the world, how we reason about the world, and also how we organize and communicate with one another, thus opening new research frontiers. Furthermore, it is argued that as it is already changing the way people work in advanced countries, it could also change the way we work and interact in Nigeria. While recognizing the yawning gaps in the current level of awareness and usage of GIScience and Technologies in the Nigerian development process, some modest efforts of research addressing the needs of the technology were discussed. Of course, GIS offers geography as a science to develop a new microscope with which to view the world and possibly revive its glory as of the king or queen of the sciences. Ce papier demontre que l'avenement du Systeme d'Information Geographique (SIG) a conduit a des situations clans Jes processus d'investigation scientifique, qui soot indicatives d'un changement de paradigme tant dans Jes objectifs que Jes efforts dans Jes sciences environnementales et sociales, la fourniture des installations et des services de sante et dans beaucoup d'autres domaines d'amenagement urbain et regional. II est discute que !'implication profonde de la Science et de la Technologie de !'Information Geographique (GIS*T) dans Jes diverses activites de developpement national a aussi mene a une comprehension plus grande des systemes sociopolitiques. II est demontre que GIS*T possede des potentiels pour changer notre maniere d'entrevoir le monde, notre maniere de raisonner au sujet du monde et notre maniere d'organiser et de communiquer entre nous, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles frontieres de recherche. En outre, ii est discute que comme ii est entrain de changer deja Ja fayOO dont Jes gens travaillent dans Jes pays avances, ii pourrait aussi changer la fayon dont nous travaillons et interagissons au Nigeria. En reconnaissant Jes ecarts baillants clans le niveau actuel de conscience et !'utilisation des Sciences et Technologies de !'Information Geographique dans le processus de developpement du Nigeria, quelques efforts modestes de la recherche abordant Jes besoins de la technologie ont ete discutes. Bien sur, Jes SIG presentent la geographie comme une science pour developper un nouveau macroscope avec lequel voir le monde et si possible ranimer sa gloire comme le roi ou la reine des sciences.
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Astier, F., J. L. Paquin, L. Mathieu, M. Morlot, and P. Hartemann. "Etude en Pilote du Developpement du Gout de Moisi en Fonction du Vieillissement de L'Eau Study of the Development of the Musty Taste in Water According to Its Ageing Process in Pilot Plant." Environmental Technology 16, no. 10 (1995): 955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.1995.9618292.
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Meilisza, Nina, Rina Hirnawati, Sulasy Rohmy, Agus Priyadi, and Jacques Slembrouck. "THE UTILIZATION OF THE KINDS OF LIVE FOOD ON CLOWN LOACH FISH JUVENILES (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker)." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 6, no. 1 (2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.6.1.2011.47-58.
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Domestication and mass production technology of clown loaches fish have been developed by the Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture, Depok and the Institute de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). In the process, some constraints has been found and one of them was the cost of production and sustainable supply of Artemia as the only one of live food which used for clown loaches post-larvae until 2-3 months old juvenile. To solve this constraints, the use of other live feed as a substitute or replacement of Artemia should be applied, caused by it research of the utilization of the kinds of live food on clown loach juvenile need to be done. This research aims to determine the kinds of live food which be recommended for the substitution of Artemia on clown loaches fish juvenile (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker). Research carried out using 1 month old clown loach juveniles designed into the Complete Randomized Design in two factors namely are class of fish size S (35-50 mg), M (55-70 mg), L (75-90 mg) and the kinds of live food in the form of Artemia as a control, Moina, mini maggot, blood worms (Chironomus), and silk worms (Tubifex). Three levels treatment by class of fish size factor and five levels treatment by the kinds of live food factor produce 15 kinds of interactions with duplications. The research was conducted at recirculation system for 8 weeks to 3 months old juveniles. Observations were carried and measuring the growth parameters including weight, total length of fish, as well as survival rate parameters based on the number of fish that live at the end of the research. The support is done by measuring the water quality of pH, DO, temperature, ammonia, conductivity, and nitrites, proximate analysis of feed also performed. The two of research step analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and continued by Tukey test.
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Fanego, Teresa. "The Development of Gerunds as Objects of Subject-Control Verbs in English (1400-1760)." Diachronica 13, no. 1 (1996): 29–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.13.1.03fan.
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SUMMARY The article offers an analysis of the development of the gerund, as an alternative to the infinitive, with verbs of subject control, such as attempt, bear, decline, forbear, etc. In the course of the early Modern English period, and particularly during the first half of the 18th century, there is a steady increase in the use of the gerund with most of the verbs in question, and it is suggested that the ultimate reason behind this trend might be related to a parallel rise in the use of -ing forms in other areas of the grammar of English, and, more specifically, to the generalization of the progressive. The process of implementation of the move from infinitival to gerundive complementation is also examined: important factors promoting the diffusion of the gerund are the type of verb, the closeness of the text to an oral mode of expression and the syntactic and semantic environment. RÉSUMÉ Cet article analyse le developpement du gerondif en anglais, en concurrence avec l'infinitif, apres des verbes tels que attempt, bear, decline, for-bear, intend ou like. Au cours de la periode examinee (1400-1760), et en particulier pendant la premiere moitie du XVIIIe siecle, on assiste a une augmentation progressive dans l'emploi du gerondif avec ce type de verbe exprimant une sorte de controle. L'auteur propose qu'un tel accroissement aurait pu, en derniere analyse, se produire avec la generalisation des formes verbales en -ing dans d'autres domaines de la grammaire de l'anglais. Les facteurs qui favorisent la progression du gerondif sont surtout: le type de verbe, le style du texte et l'environnement syntaxique et/ou semantique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Aufsatz untersucht die Entwicklung des Gerundiums im Englischen als Ersatzform zum Infinitiv nach Verben wie attempt, bear, decline, forbear, intend oder like. Im Laufe der untersuchten Zeitspanne (1400-1760), beson-ders wahrend der ersten Halfte des 18. Jahrhunderts, findet eine standige Zu-nahme des Gerundium-Gebrauchs bei besagten Verbklassen statt, und es liegt nahe, daß diese Zunahme letzten Endes mit der allgemeinen Verbreitung an-derer Verbformen auf -ing in anderen Bereichen der Grammatik des Englischen in Verbindung steht. Die Faktoren, die das Vordringen des Gerundiums begünstigen, sind hauptsachlich die Verbart, der Textstil (formal versus um-gangssprachlich) und das syntaktische und semantische Umfeld.
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Bosque Maurel, Joaquín. "La geografía española entre 1900 y 1936. El peso de la geografía no universitaria." Estudios Geográficos 51, no. 199-200 (1990): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeogr.1990.i199-200.273.
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Se analiza el desarrollo de la geografía española hasta la Guerra Civil. Se insiste en el predominio de su cultivo fuera de la Universidad, en los Institutos de Bachillerato y en las Escuelas Normales, con énfasis especial en sus figuras esenciales, muchas exiliadas a Hispano-América. Todo ello, sin olvido de su aportación editorial y del papel desempeñado por la Real Sociedad Geográfica.
 
 [fr] On analyse le developpement de la géographie espagnole jusqu’à la Guerre Civile. On insiste sur la prédominance de son étude hors de l'Université, dans les lycées de Baccalauréat et dans les Ecoles Normales, en faisant plus attention à ses figures essentielles, beaucoup d'elles exiliées en Amérique du Sud. Tout ça, sans oblier son apport éditorial et le rôle joué par la Real Sociedad Geográfica.
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CHEVALIER, JACQUES. "TORONTO-OTTAWA-MONTREAL: CONCENTRATIONS MAJEURES CANADIENNES DE L'INNOVATION PAR LA RECHERCHE-DEVELOPPEMENT1." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 37, no. 3 (1993): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1993.tb00300.x.
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Ruellan, A. "Les apports de la connaissance des sols intertropicaux au developpement de la pedologie: La contribution des pedologues francais." CATENA 12, no. 1 (1985): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0341-8162(85)80007-2.
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"Une prevision du developpement de l'activite en matiere de brevets—2e partie." World Patent Information 9, no. 3 (1987): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(87)90349-8.
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Xhepa, Sokol, Ervin Bejko, Denis Kosovrasti, et al. "A very rare complication of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Primary Aortoduodenal Fistula without gastrointestinal bleeding." Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 4, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v4i1.80.
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An abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA) is an enlargement of the lower part of the aorta that extends through the abdominal area.The diameter of the aneurismatic vessel is represented by 3 cm or more in either anterior – posterior , or transverse planes.
 The developpement of Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex, multifactorial process involving destructive remodeling of aortic wall connective tissue. Four interrelated factors involved in this process include: (1) chronic inflammation associated with neovascularization and increased proinflammatory cytokine production, (2) increased and dysregulated production of matrix-degrading proteinases, (3) destruction of structural matrix proteins, and (4) decreased medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) presence, resulting in impaired connective tissue repair. This understanding has developed from a characterization of human AAA tissue, as well as the use of different animal models that replicate human disease.
 The mortality of ruptured AAA is set between 40 – 70% in patients that manage to arrive alive in the emergency room, and that of 90% in overall patients confirmed with rAAA in the autopsy results.
 A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) represents a disruption of a dilated aortic wall that leads to blood outside the aortic wall.
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Trotignon, L., M. H. Faure, M. Cranga, and H. Peycelon. "Numerical Simulation of the Interaction Between Granitic Groundwater, Engineered Clay Barrier and Iron Canister." MRS Proceedings 556 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-556-599.
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AbstractThe geochemical evolution of a clay engineered barrier subjected simultaneously to granitic groundwater on its external boundary and to a steady flux of iron released by canister corrosion on the other boundary is simulated for time periods up to 1000 y. A multisite ion-exchange model combined with dissolution/precipitation of accessory minerals (calcite, gypsum, quartz, goethite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, iron silicate, magnetite) is used to describe the geochemical evolution of the clay barrier. Diffusive transport of aqueous species and dissolved gases is simulated in a one dimension space. Retroaction of chemical reactions on the corrosion process of the canister is not included in the model. The temperature is assumed to be constant (25°C). Calculations are performed with the IMPACT geochemical coupled code. Two main scenarios are considered: (i) the reduction of sulfates (gypsum) is kinetically hindered, (ii) the reduction of sulfates is possible and leads to the precipitation of sulfides. Main results obtained are dealing with H2(gas) generation and control, pH transient and buffering effect of the clay barrier system. These simulations show that the hydrogen partial pressure in the clay barrier could possibly stay for long periods of time at a very low level due to interactions with mineral buffers or sinks. In the sulfate reduction scenario, a transient pH, xcursion is predicted at the vicinity of the canister. Future developpements of this work include the taking into account of a temperature gradient. Improvement of the geochemical model and reaction pathway is also necessary and will be done with the guidance of on going experimental work.