Academic literature on the topic 'Process performance ratio'
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Journal articles on the topic "Process performance ratio"
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Wang, Cheng, and Bing Yi Li. "CVT Ratio Adjusting Process Control." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1929.
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Aiming at the shortcoming of the integral accumulation in the process of CVT ratio adjusting control, which is caused by the general PID control method, a new ratio adjusting control system based on the shift integral PID control method was designed. The theory of CVT ratio adjusting process and the enhanced control method were analized. The enhanced PID parameter tuning principle was presented. The test-bed of CVT ratio adjusting control was devised and adopted to do the CVT ratio tracing experiments. The experiments of step ratio from 0.45 to 1.45 and from 1.7 to 0.7 were made. The experimental results proved that the new ratio adjusting control system and the enhanced PID parameter tuning principle were valid, which made the real ratio trace the object ratio rapidly and steadily. The control performance of CVT ratio adjusting was improved.
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Mandal, Pathik. "Signal-to-noise ratio: a fundamental and broad process performance measure." Journal of Engineering Design 23, no. 12 (March 2012): 927–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2012.662274.
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Fröhlichová, M., D. Ivanišin, A. Mašlejová, R. Findorák, and J. Legemza. "Iron-Ore Sintering Process Optimization / Optymalizacja Procesu Aglomeracji Rudy Żelaza." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 2895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0462.
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The work deals with examination of the influence of the ratio between iron ore concentrate and iron ore on quality of produced iron ore sinter. One of the possibilities to increase iron content in sinter is the modification of raw materials ratio, when iron ore materials are added into sintering mixture. If the ratio is in favor of iron ore sinter, iron content in resulting sintering mixture will be lower. If the ratio is in favor of iron ore concentrate and recycled materials, which is more finegrained, a proportion of a fraction under 0.5 mm will increase, charge permeability property will be reduced, sintering band performance will decrease and an occurrence of solid particulate matter in product of sintering process will rise. The sintering mixture permeability can be optimized by increase of fuel content in charge or increase of sinter charge moisture. A change in ratio between concentrate and iron ore has been experimentally studied. An influence of sintering mixture grain size composition, a charge grains shape on quality and phase composition on quality of the produced iron sinter has been studied.
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Zhang, Zhao Huan, Run Jun Sun, Mei Yu Chen, and Cheng Kun Liu. "Structure and Performance in the Compacting Process of Polyacrylonitrile Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.437.
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As a key stage in wet spinning, compacting process served as a connection between spin and post treatment, it has significant influence on the performances of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber. In this paper, the influences of temperature, time and tension on the compacting process and performance of fibers were studied. The test shows that the suitable compacting process condition is 110°C for 90s with a higher shrinkage ratio. With increasing shrinkage ratio, density and breaking elongation raise, but orientation and breaking strength decrease. To obtain better effect of compacting process, loss of orientation and breaking strength can hardly be avoided; it can be compensated by secondary draw in post process.
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Kilic, Arzu, Erkan Sahinkaya, and Ozer Cinar. "Kinetics of autotrophic denitrification process and the impact of sulphur/limestone ratio on the process performance." Environmental Technology 35, no. 22 (June 9, 2014): 2796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.922127.
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Aoki, Nobuhiro, and Mitsuo Kawase. "Development of High-Performance Thermophilic Two-Phase Digestion Process." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0566.
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Anaerobic digestion of anaerobic sewage sludge leads to the generation of methane gas and reduction of the sludge volume. Because conventional digestion requires a long time, the digestion facilities must be large. We studied decomposing volatile suspended solids (VSS) in sewage sludge, capacitating high acid generation rates and a high-speed methane evolution reactor to reduce retention time for anaerobic digestion. We also studied how to increase VSS reduction ratio by using bio-technology. The high-performance thermophilic two-phase digestion (HPTTD) process is proposed as a innovative digestion system which has high-rate reducing and high-ratio reduction of volatile suspended solids in sewage sludge. This thermophilic digestion process consists of sludge conditioning, acidification and methanation steps. In the sludge conditioning step, sewage sludge is conditioned with thermal treatment and dosed with a protolytic enzyme. In the next step, acidification, acid fermentation is carried out at 70°C; this temperature is higher than that of conventional fermentation (conventional thermophilic digestion process: 55°C). In the methanation step an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor is used. In the digestion experiments using excess sludge, we obtained a 30% higher VSS reduction ratio (78% at HPTTD process) than that of conventional mesophilic digestion,
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Mhilu, C. F. "Modeling Performance of High-Temperature Biomass Gasification Process." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2012 (November 1, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/437186.
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Biomass utilization is becoming a subject of increasing interest as an alternative to clean fuel. A novel gasification process using highly preheated air gasifier using agricultural residue such as sugar bagasse, rice husks, and palm stem widely available in Tanzania is presented. The study examines, irreversibilities making the gasifier the least efficient unit in the gasification process employing a thermodynamic equilibrium model allowing predicting the main product gas composition CO, CO2, H2, and CH4. The derived model equations are computed using the MAPLE process simulation code in MATLAB. The gasification regime is investigated at temperatures ranging from 800 K to 1400 K and at equivalence ratio (ER) values between 0.3 and 0.4. The results obtained conform to the second law efficiency based on chemical exergy yielding maximum values for the types of biomass materials used. These results indicate that the application of preheated air has an effect on the increase of the chemical exergy efficiency of the product gas, hence reducing the level of irreversibility. Similarly, these results show that the combined efficiency based on physical and chemical exergy is low, suggesting that higher irreversibilities are encountered, since the exergy present in the form of physical exergy is utilized to heat the reactants. Such exergy losses can be minimized by altering the ratio of physical and chemical exergy in the syngas production.
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Xiao, Dong Ling, and Jian Ying Dai. "Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Used Car Residue Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.228.
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Confirm the value of used car with improved replacement cost method, which involves one of the key parameters of the used car into residue ratio. Calculated by different mathematical model into residue ratio, reflected in the final pricing of used cars, there will be a larger gap. In this article, we will consider several factors to affect the value of a used car. Based on the MATLAB statistical software, performance factors and aggregative factors, analyzes and firm the weight of each performance index in calculating modified coefficients in accord with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Then modifies residue ratio of used motor vehicles with coefficients and firms the assess price. Finally, it was useful and effective that the improved replacement cost method was proved by some experiences.
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Guo, Ming Hui, and Jian Peng Hu. "The Fiberboard of Hot Pressing Process Optimization and Combination Performance Characterization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2278.
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To pack a certain quality ratio ammonium lignosulfonate / urea as a filler into the natural wood fiber, Using flat pressure process fiberboard materials, Optimize the hot pressing technique that the filler is 20% (The quality ratio of lignosulfonate/ urea is 5: 3), slab moisture content is 13%, hot-pressing temperature is 190°C; hot-pressing time is 7 minutes, hot-pressing pressure is 2MPa and 1% paraffin emulsion. Verifying test results show that mechanical performance is stable and reliable process. Analyze the reactivity of fiberboard packing, fiber gathered, the microstructure of interface properties with the application of FTIR, XRD and ESEM and other modern instrument analysis technology.
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Su, J. L., and C. F. Ouyang. "Nutrient removal using a combined process with activated sludge and fixed biofilm." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1996): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0406.
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A new nutrient removal system combining activated sludge with fixed biofilm was developed in this work. Fully and partially submerged rotating biological contactors (RBC) were added in the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic reactors, respectively. The pilot-scale plant was fed synthetic municipal wastewater with the different operating parameters (i.e., hydraulic retention time, return sludge ratio and mixed liquid recycle ratio) to evaluate its performance. High degree performances of nutrient removal were obtained in the experiments. The specific substrate utilization rates in each reactor were also conducted in this work. The kinetic behaviours presented in the combined process were similar to the performance in a single sludge system. The biokinetics of a single sludge system can also be applied to the system that combines biofilm and activated sludge.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Process performance ratio"
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Lorentz, Pär. "A Modified Sharpe Ratio Based Portfolio Optimization." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103275.
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The performance of an optimal-weighted portfolio strategy is evaluated when transaction costs are penalized compared to an equal-weighted portfolio strategy. The optimal allocation weights are found by maximizing a modified Sharpe ratio measure each trading day, where modified refers to the expected return of an asset in this context. The leverage of the investment is determined by a conditional expectation estimate of the number of portfolio assets of the next-coming day. A moving window is used to historically measure the transition probabilities of moving from one state to another within this stochastic count process and this is used as an input to the estimator. It is found that the most accurate estimate is the actual trading day’s number of portfolio assets and this is obtained when the size of the moving window is one. Increasing the penalty parameter on transaction costs of selling and buying assets between trading days lowers the aggregated transaction cost and increases the performance of the optimal-weighted portfolio considerably. The best portfolio performance is obtained when at least 50% of the capital is invested equally among the assets when maximizing the modified Sharpe ratio. The optimal-weighted and equal-weighted portfolios are constructed on a daily basis, where the allowed VaR0:05 is €300 000 for each portfolio. This sets the limit on the amount of capital allowed to be invested each trading day, and is determined by empirical VaR0:05 simulations of these two portfolios.
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Horník, Petr. "Matematické modely způsobilosti procesu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231980.
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Firstly, we deal with the verification of normality and other necessary prerequisites needed in this thesis. We also introduce transformations to converse non-normally distributed data to normal and continue with capability analysis. We describe the design of control charts, useful tools to assess process stability. They help us to eliminate assignable causes and leave only chance causes in process. We obtain process in control state. Finally, we introduce both capability and performance ratios for both normal and non-normal data, and analyse some of their properties. At the end of the thesis, we prove acquired knowledge by performing capability analysis of real process.
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Afzal, Humaira. "Modelling and analysis of dynamic spectrum sharing in cognitive radio based wireless regional area networks : modelling and performance evaluation of initialization and network association of customer premise equipments with the base station in cognitive radio based IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7317.
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The development of the IEEE 802.22 standard is aimed at providing broadband access in rural areas by effectively utilizing the unused TV band, provided no harmful interference is caused to the incumbent operation. This thesis presents the analytical framework to evaluate the number of active customer premise equipments (CPEs) in a wireless regional area network. Initial ranging is the primary process in IEEE 802.22 networks for CPEs to access the network and establish their connections with the base station (BS). A comprehensive analysis of initial ranging mechanism is provided in this work and initial ranging request success probability is derived based on the number of contended CPEs and the initial contention window size. Further, the average ranging success delay is derived for the maximum backoff stages. The collision probability is highly dependent on the size of the initial contention window and the number of contended CPEs. To keep it at a specific level, it is necessary for the BS to schedule the required size of the initial contention window to facilitate the maximum number of CPEs to establish their connections with reasonable delay. Therefore, the optimized initial window size is proposed that meets the collision probability constraint for a particular number of contended CPEs. An analytical model is also developed to estimate the ranging request collision probability depending upon the size of initial contention window and the number of contended CPEs. Moreover, this approximation provides the threshold size for contention window to start the initial ranging process in the IEEE 802.22 network.
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Sha, Sha. "Performance Modelling and Analysis of Handover and Call Admission Control Algorithm for Next Generation Wireless Networks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5509.
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The next generation wireless system (NGWS) has been conceived as a ubiquitous wireless environment. It integrates existing heterogeneous access networks, as well as future networks, and will offer high speed data, real-time applications (e.g. Voice over IP, videoconference ) and real-time multimedia (e.g. real-time audio and video) support with a certain Quality of Service (QoS) level to mobile users. It is required that the mobile nodes have the capability of selecting services that are offered by each provider and determining the best path through the various networks.
Efficient radio resource management (RRM) is one of the key issues required to support global roaming of the mobile users among different network architectures of the NGWS and a precise call admission control (CAC) scheme satisfies the requirements of high network utilization, cost reduction, minimum handover latency and high-level QoS of all the connections.
This thesis is going to describe an adaptive class-based CAC algorithm, which is expected to prioritize the arriving channel resource requests, based on user¿s classification and channel allocation policy. The proposed CAC algorithm couples with Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Pre-emptive Resume (PR) theories to manage and improve the performance of the integrated wireless network system. The novel algorithm is assessed using a mathematical analytic method to measure the performance by evaluating the handover dropping probability and the system utilization.
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Baey, Sébastien. "Contribution à la qualité de service d'une pile radio flexible pour la transmission de données multimédia en mode paquet sur interface radio UMTS WCDMA." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112111.
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Cette thèse traite de l'intégration du trafic multimédia sur la voie montante de l'interface radio de l'UMTS. Le problème est abordé dans sa globalité, considérant à la fois les possibilités de partage de la ressource, une bonne caractérisation du trafic à transmettre et les possibilités ouvertes dans la norme UMTS. L'attention est plus particulièrement portée sur la vidéo MPEG4 et les données de type Internet. La première partie de la thèse dégage une approche du partage de ressource radio en mode WCDMA. Les performances du mécanisme de multiplexage de niveau couche physique avec qualité de transmission différenciée et l'impact du mécanisme d'adaptation de débit sont évalués. Cette analyse débouche sur la construction d'une fonction de coût pour l'estimation de la capacité cellulaire multiservice et la proposition d'une méthode d'équilibrage adaptatif de la qualité de transmission. La seconde partie de la thèse présente un nouveau modèle statistique pour le trafic vidéo MPEG4. Ce modèle consiste en une particularisation du processus DBMAP et permet d'évaluer analytiquement les performances de transmission à la traversée d'un système à file d'attente. La dernière partie de la thèse intègre l'ensemble de ces travaux pour aboutir à une stratégie d'ordonnancement coopérative multiplexant efficacement les paquets issus d'applications multimédia temps réel et non temps réel, dans le respect des contraintes d'intégrité et de retard. Une méthode analytique faisant appel à la théorie des files d'attente de type M/G/1 est fournie pour le calcul des retards subis par les paquets vidéo MPEG4 et les données lorsque cette stratégie est mise en œuvre au sein d'un réseau UMTSThis thesis deals with the integration of multimedia traffic on the uplink of the UMTS radio interface. The problem is tackled in its globality, considering jointly the resource sharing possibilities, a good characterization of the traffic to transmit and the possibilities opened in the UMTS standard. The attention is more particularly focused on MPEG4 video and data of the Internet type. The first part of the thesis provides an approach of radio resource sharing in WCDMA mode. The performances of the physical layer multiplexing mechanism with quality of transmission differentiation and the impact of the rate matching mechanism are evaluated. This analysis serves as a basis for the construction of a cost function for estimating the multiservice cellular capacity and the proposition of a quality of transmission adaptive balancing method. The second part of the thesis presents a new statistical model for MPEG4 video traffic. This model consists in a customization of the DBMAP process and allows evaluating the queueing performances analytically. The last part of the thesis integrates this set of works yielding a cooperative scheduling strategy that efficiently multiplexes the packets generated by real time and non real time multimedia applications while respecting the integrity and delay constraints. An analytical method based on M/G/1 type queueing systems theory is given for computing the delays incurred by MPEG4 video and data packets when this strategy is implemented in a UMTS network
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Šimeček, Ondřej. "Problematika šablonového tisku pájecí pasty pro součástky s malou roztečí vývodů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218992.
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Despote the indisputable advantages of fine-pitch components, is need to calculate with a few trouble during production, especially increased requirements for accuracy of mounting and solder printing. In this work I’m concerned with problems of solder printing for these components and evaluation using SPC. For the evaluation I used 3D paste inspection based on laser scanning of the surface. The output of this work is to describe the principles of solder printing and elaborating of GR&R, SPC analysis and histograms of solder printing for some outputs. I focused in my master thesis on motive design change of problematic components and economic evaluation of the adjustments.
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Boubaker, Nadhem. "Étude des pertes atypiques dans les machines synchrones à aimants à hautes performances pour applications aéronautiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT284.
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La thèse porte sur la caractérisation expérimentale des pertes singulières dans les matériaux magnétiques au sein d’actionneurs électromécaniques conçus pour le développement du programme « avion plus électrique », où la maîtrise des pertes d’énergie est un enjeu absolument majeur. Ce programme, de portée mondiale, vise, entre autre, à remplacer, dans l’avion, les actionneurs hydrauliques par des actionneurs électromécaniques, quand c’est possible.Par pertes singulières on entend toutes les pertes liées aux contraintes magnéto-mécano-thermiques liées d’une part à la mise en œuvre (découpe, assemblage contraint, isolation, traitement thermique...) des matériaux et d’autre part aux conditions réelles de fonctionnement (champ tournant, haute fréquence, saturations locales...) au sein des machines électriques (HV/HF), et qui sont très difficiles à estimer précisément de façon analytique ou via les dispositifs conventionnels de tests. Ces sollicitations influencent les caractéristiques de tôles qui peuvent s’éloigner significativement des données du fabricant (donc fausser le calcul des performances).Au début de cette thèse on s’est focalisé sur le montage d’un banc d’essai évolutif équipé de moyens de mesure directe du couple et d’une machine d’entraînement (8 ktr/min ; 42 kW) tarée par nos soins. Sur cette dernière une longue campagne d’essais a été menée pour isoler les différentes composantes de pertes, dont, par exemple, les pertes mécaniques (par frottement dans les roulements + aérodynamiques) qui ont été quantifiées via un rotor neutre. Les pertes dans les aimants sont indissociables des pertes fer, donc, elles ont été estimées par le biais d’une modélisation par éléments finis tridimensionnelle. Les pertes dans la frette de maintien sont nulles du fait qu’elle est isolante (thermo-rétractable). Le bobinage utilisé dans ce moteur est très particulier, à barres massives (remplissage de cuivre dans l’encoche jusqu’à 90%), développé dans notre laboratoire IES. Les pertes atypiques au sein de ce bobinage spécial ont été profondément abordées dans ces travaux (effet de refoulement de courants, pertes aux extrémités de la machine...).Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, nous avons exploré le fonctionnement des machines synchrones à aimants à haute fréquence afin d’accroître la densité de puissance de nos moteurs (pour franchir la barre de 2.5 kW/kg). Pour ce faire, après une étude détaillée, nous avons proposé en premier lieu un prototype avec des matériaux standard (stator FeCo Vacodur49 0.2mm, rotor FeSi, aimants NdFeB nuance N35EH, bobinage à barres cuivre) fonctionnant à 1666 Hz, tournant à 5000 tr/min, avec une densité de puissance de 4.5 kW/kg et un rendement de 94%. En second lieu, nous avons proposé un deuxième prototype de rendement plus faible (93%) mais qui a une densité de puissance proche de 6 kW/kg avec un rotor sans fer et un bobinage en Aluminium.Avant le montage final de ce prototype modulaire, nous avons effectué des mesures de pertes magnétiques, en conditions réelles de fonctionnement d’un moteur électrique, sur une multitude de tôles FeSi et FeCo (Vacodur49, NO20, M270-35A) avec la variation de différents procédés de fabrication: isolation (vernis thermo-collant « back-lack », vernis C5), découpe (laser, électroérosion) et traitement thermique. Pareillement, toutes les pertes mises en jeu ont été séparées (mécaniques, par courants induits dans les viroles...) pour pouvoir remonter aux pertes magnétiques et, donc, enfin, quantifier empiriquement le coefficient de majoration de pertes ferThe main aim of this thesis was to study and experimentally assess the additional iron losses in the stator (electrical lamination steel) of high performance permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) designed for aircraft applications, in relation with the “more-electric-aircraft” project. This international program consists of gradually introducing electrical systems to replace onboard hydraulic and pneumatic systems, for example to power the landing gear wheels (Electric Green Taxiing System)…The extra iron losses are caused by manufacturing processes (cutting, sticking, insulation, stacking, pressing, shrink-fitting, thermal treatment …) and the real conditions of use of electrical motor (namely: rotational flux, saturation, high frequency…). Indeed, the mechanical and thermal stresses during the manufacturing steps can deteriorate the magnetic properties of the material and significantly increase the iron losses. These aspects are difficult to accurately evaluate by analytical models or standard measurements (Epstein frame…) and require experimental assessment to precisely calculate the motor efficiency.First of all, we started by developing a test bench equipped with drive motor: PMSM 8000 RPM ; 42 kW. For accurate assessment, the losses in this machine are separated on the test bench, for example, the mechanical losses (bearings loss & windage loss) have been measured at different speed with a non-magnetic rotor. Rotor magnets eddy-current losses cannot be isolated from iron losses, for this reason they have been calculated using a 3D finite element model. To limit rotor loss we then used a non-conductive retaining sleeve (heat shrink sleeve). In the winding, we used bar-wound conductors, which is an original winding technology developed in our laboratory, and whose advantage among others is the unusual copper fill factor that reaches almost 90%.Subsequently, we explored the high frequency machines (>1 kHz) in order to increase the power-to-weight ratio (cross the threshold of 2.5 kW/kg). We proposed, the following to the analytical and finite element study, a first conventional prototype with a power-to-weight ratio equal to 4.5 kW/kg with: FeCo stator (Vacodur49 0.2 mm), FeSi rotor and NdFeB magnets (N35EH), operated at 1666 Hz, 5000 RPM and 94% efficiency at full load. A second motor had been also proposed with both rotor and winding in aluminum, in this case the power-to-weight ratio reaches around 6 kW with, however, less efficiency (93%).Finally, this HF motor was tested, at no load, on the aforementioned test bench. The experiments were carried out on a multitude of FeCo and FeSi stator core samples coming from different manufacturing processes (insulation: bonding varnish and C-5 varnish; cutting: laser and EDM “Electrical Discharge Machining”; thermal treatment) in real operating conditions of a high frequency PM machine in order to experimentally obtain the famous “additional coefficient” of iron losses (Kadd)
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Vestin, Albin, and Gustav Strandberg. "Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.
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Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.
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Liao, Jhan-yi, and 廖展毅. "General Sharpe Ratio Innovation with Levy Process and tis Performance in Different Stock Index." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81996607477997257204.
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碩士國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
99
Sharpe ratio is extensively used in performance of portfolio. However, it is based on assumption that return follows normal distribution. In other words, when return in asset is not normal distribution, the Sharpe ratio is not meaningful. This research focuses on Generalized Sharpe ratio with different distribution in eight indexes from 2001/12/31 to 2010/12/31. We try to find a suitable levy process to fit our data. Instead of Normal distribution assumption, we use Jump diffusion, Variance Gamma, Normal Inverse Gaussian, Hyperbolic, Generalized Hyperbolic, as our distribution to solve stylized fact like skewness and kurtosis. Compared the difference between standard Sharpe ratio and Generalized Sharpe ratio, we come to these conclusions: first of all, Generalized Hyperbolic is better levy process to fit our eight indexes. Second, Sharpe ratio under GH levy process has low autocorrelation, and it present that modified Sharpe ratio is more elastic. Third, Generalized Sharpe ratio can uncover the strategy that fund manager manipulate Sharpe ratio. At last, Generalized Sharpe ratio have better predict than standard Sharpe ratio. Keywords: Sharpe ratio, Levy process, GH distribution, portfolio, utility function
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CHIU, KUAN-WEI, and 邱冠維. "The Study of Performance on Reduction Cleaning with Different Liquor Ratio after Polyester Knitted Fabric Dyeing Manufacturing Process." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d9aazf.
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碩士中國文化大學
紡織產業碩士專班
107
After the polyester dye has been dyed by the disperse dye, usually some dye does not enter the crystallization zone of the polyester fiber, and the residual color on the surface of the fabric causes floating phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out reduction washing to reduce the dye on the surface of the fabric. Some will need to carry out the second reduction washing due to the type of dye, the concentration of the formula or the unsuitable reduction washing conditions, etc., the color fastness can reach the standard, but the program is time-consuming and complicated, and the additive is too much to cause color change. Wait. In this study, the bath ratio of alkaline reduction washing was changed without changing the dyeing formula, and the bath ratio was 1:10, 1:10, twice, 1:20 and 1:30, and the color fastness was poor. The deep blue, black and purple color formula is used for the experiment, and then the spectrophotometer color measurement, fabric level dyeing test, K/S value analysis, water wash color fastness and PH value are discussed. Finally, each is integrated. The bath is compared to the energy required for the process. The results show that the black and deep blue color are better in terms of color, light fastness and energy consumption when the bath ratio is 1:20. It is recommended to use this bath to reduce the washing than the process; It is recommended to use a bath ratio of 1:30 for reduction washing to achieve better color fastness.
Books on the topic "Process performance ratio"
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Kuprina, Elena. Co-creation in music and music education. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1019193.
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The monograph is devoted to the problem of musical co-creation, represents the artistic and dynamic system. The author considers the musical co-creation from the perspective of interdisciplinary approach, as the phase of the creative process, featuring self-contained characteristics, manifested in the "I" and "I'm Different" through specific regularities and principles.
In music co-creation differentiated into spheres, types and forms, where the role of the ratio of the subjects and the performance of co-creative artistic projects are analyzed from the position of system dynamics. In music education operates a pedagogy of co-creation, manifesting the specifics through professional, psychological, reflective, and educational facets. Presented to the organizational form of the pedagogy of co-creation, from the perspective of information approach given the findings of a study of the influence of pop on the sensory system of the student of a musician-performer (the performer).
Can be used in courses of the disciplines of the history of music, music psychology and music pedagogy, pedagogy of co-creation. Addressed to students of music schools, teachers, musicians of all disciplines, musicologists and cultural studies, researchers, creative processes, and a wide circle of curious readers.
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Dergunova, Viktoriya, and Anastasiya Prokopova. Analysis of legal regulation and judicial practice of resolving disputes between parents about children. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1218051.
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The monograph is a comprehensive study of the current practice of resolving cases on determining the place of residence of children, the procedure for communicating with them separately living parents and other relatives; restriction and deprivation of parental rights; on the departure of children outside the Russian Federation and return within the framework of the Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980, the Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition and Enforcement and Cooperation in relation to Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of children of 1996.The relations that develop between the child and parents, the child and the court, parents and the court, as well as parents as parties to the process are analyzed. The central place is occupied by the study of the content of the concept of the best interests of the child as a guarantee of the protection of his rights and the vector of development of the current legislation. The cases of abuse of parental rights and improper performance (or non-performance) of parental duties, illustrated by current judicial practice, are considered. The analysis is presented: measures of family legal responsibility, including restriction and deprivation of parental rights in connection with non-execution of a court decision on the upbringing of a child; features of the application of principle 6 of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child in resolving disputes about the place of residence of children; the possibility of taking interim measures in disputes between parents about upbringing; the ratio of legal and psychological categories in child-parent relations in order to apply special knowledge; the procedure for conducting forensic examinations in these categories of cases. Finally, the possibilities of out-of-court settlement of some family disputes, including through mediation, are investigated.
For a wide range of readers interested in the rights of the child. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.
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VanCour, Shawn. Making Radio. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497118.001.0001.
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The opening decades of the twentieth century witnessed a profound transformation in the history of modern sound media, with workers in US film, radio, and record industries developing pioneering production methods and performance styles tailored to emerging technologies of electric sound reproduction that directly shaped dominant forms and experiences of modern sound culture. Focusing on broadcasting’s initial expansion period during the 1920s, Making Radio explores the forms of creative labor pursued for the medium before the better-known network era of the 1930s and 1940s, assessing their role in shaping radio’s own identity and identifying affinities with parallel practices pursued for conversion-era film and phonography. Tracing programming forms adopted by early radio writers and programmers, production techniques developed by studio engineers, and performance styles cultivated by on-air talent, it shows how radio workers negotiated a series of broader industrial and cultural pressures to establish best practices for their medium. In the process, it argues, these sound workers shaped not only the future of broadcasting, but also contributed to much broader shifts in popular forms of music, drama, and public oratory, ushering in a new era of electric sound entertainment.
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Azevedo, Bruno Campos de. O verdadeiro impacto das aceleradoras nas startups. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-432-6.
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The main objective of this work was to develop a study to obtain information on which characteristics influence the performance of a startup, including analyzing if companies that go through the acceleration process perform better than those that do not. As a research question, the idea was explored how to measure the performance of a company through cognitive aspects regarding the financial ratios of startups that went through the acceleration process or not, companies were investigated when they go through acceleration programs, are able to perform better when compared to companies in the same industry that did not enjoy the same initiatives, the proposal to create a performance indicator was also analyzed. Thus, a scenario was developed from which an analysis was conducted which, in turn, resulted in a Startup Performance Indicator (IDS), for purposes of comparison between companies that were accelerated and those that were not, because each Accelerator has a certain performance analysis criteria and keeps it secret about the core of your business. After the quantitative and qualitative analysis, the data collected in this research resulted in an indicative formula for the assessment of an index for Startups performance measurement to answer the research question. This work was carried out from 2014 to 2019 and was based on the scenario / ecosystem of startups and accelerators in Brazil, bringing a contextualization of the methods used by accelerators, within a global, national, regional and local context.
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Camilo, Gustavo. Commodity Mutual Funds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0014.
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The chapter describes the main institutional features of commodity mutual funds, including active management, the assets in which these funds invest, the process through which shares are bought and sold, the fees borne by investors, as well as the risks associated with investing in the funds. It also examines trends in fund flows and the correlations to commodity returns. Correlations to commodity returns are positive but lower than those of commodity exchange-traded funds that invest directly in underlying commodities, as opposed to commodity mutual funds, which invest largely in equities. Lastly, the chapter examines data on fees and net-of-expense commodity mutual fund performance between 1996 and 2016. The data show a decline in fund expense ratios over time, with the exception of large funds, negative average risk-adjusted performance using a four-factor model, and evidence consistent with lack of persistence in fund returns over the sample period.
Book chapters on the topic "Process performance ratio"
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Daniels, Sarah, and Sally Avens. "Women Writing for Radio." In Performance Practice and Process, 80–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-02034-5_5.
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V., Karthickeyan, Balamurugan S., Ashok B., Thiyagarajan S., Mohamed Shameer P., and Dhinesh Balasubramanian. "Process Optimization Study of Alternative Fuel Production From Linseed Oil." In Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines, 234–49. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2539-5.ch012.
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This chapter focuses on the selection of optimum parameters for transesterification of linseed oil biodiesel production in the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) obtained from the waste eggshells. The waste chicken eggshells were calcined at 900°C for 4 hours and it was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The transesterification process was conducted according to L9 orthogonal array with selected input control parameters such as methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, and catalyst loading. The output parameters were biodiesel yield and viscosity. The multi-objective, decision-making technique called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to identify the optimum transesterification process parameters to obtain maximum biodiesel yield with minimal viscosity. The optimized values for transesterification process parameters were depicted as methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 65°C, and catalyst loading of 5% w/w.
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Öncer, Ayla Zehra. "Performance Measurement in Social Enterprises." In Creating Business Value and Competitive Advantage With Social Entrepreneurship, 205–31. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5687-9.ch010.
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This chapter begins with the notion of performance management and then focuses on the concept of social impact in order to deeply examine the measurement of performance in social enterprises. The chapter argues the importance of measuring social impact which is the crucial process in social investment and discusses which measurement method to choose. It then introduces the classification of methods in various forms based on the related literature. The chapter continues by explaining the most frequently used social impact measurement methods including cost effectiveness and cost benefit analyses, social accounting and auditing, SROI, balanced scorecard, SIMPLE, benefit-cost ratio, BACO ratio, expected return metric, cost per impact, and blended value. Finally, the conclusion focuses on the overall perspective of the subject, critical areas to pay attention to, and limitations.
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Júnior, João Lameu da Silva, and Harrson Silva Santana. "Experimental and Numerical Analyses of a Micro-Heat Exchanger for Ethanol Excess Recovery From Biodiesel." In Process Analysis, Design, and Intensification in Microfluidics and Chemical Engineering, 167–94. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7138-4.ch006.
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The use of micro-heat exchangers increased with the advancement of microfluidics. These microdevices present some advantages like elevated surface area-to-volume ratio resulting in high heat transfer rates. Micro-heat exchanger with phase change is a new application of such devices. The simultaneous momentum, heat, and mass transfer at microscale still require investigations due to the inherent complexity. The main goal of the chapter is to demonstrate experimentally and numerically the capability of the micro-heat exchanger use in the continuous process of ethanol excess recovery from the biodiesel. The influence of flow rate, ethanol/biodiesel molar ratio, and temperature on the ethanol evaporation performance was evaluated. The flow rate and the ethanol/biodiesel molar ratio influenced negatively the evaporation. In contrast, the temperature was affected positively. The mathematical model was able to capture the main features of the continuous evaporation; however, further improvements must be performed in order to consider the thermodynamics characteristics.
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Sharma, Shilpi, Arvind Kumar Kourav, and Vimal Tiwari. "Fast Fractal Image Compression by Kicking Out Similar Domain Images." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 318–31. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3870-7.ch019.
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Fractal algorithms are used to represent similar parts of images into mathematical transforms that can recreate the original image. This chapter presents a fast fractal image compression technique via domain kick-out method, based on averaging of domain images to discard redundant domain images. It accelerates the encoding process by reducing the size of the domain pool. Results of a simulation on the proposed speedup technique on three standard test images shows that performance of the proposed technique is far superior to the present kick out methods of fractal image compression. It has reported a speedup ratio of 31.07 in average while resulting into compression ratio and retrieved image quality comparable to Jacquin's full search method.
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George, Joby, and V. Madhusudanan Pillai. "Bullwhip Effect Performance of Supply Chains Under Statistical Process Control-Based Policy." In Leadership Strategies for Global Supply Chain Management in Emerging Markets, 195–223. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2867-9.ch009.
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This chapter discusses the bullwhip effect performance of serial and divergent supply chains under statistical process control (SPC)-based and order-up-to (OUT) policies. The performance of the supply chains is evaluated in terms of order rate variance ratio and bullwhip slope under four realistic customer demand models such normal, normal with a sudden change in mean, normal with seasonality, and normal with seasonality and a sudden change in mean. The impact of sharing of customer demand among the other members of the supply chain and the introduction of order smoothing parameter on both policies are also studied. The results show that under non-stationary customer demand models the difference in the performance of serial and divergent supply chains is noticeable. The bullwhip slope under OUT policy is significantly differing from the bullwhip slope under the SPC-based policy. OUT policy with order smoothing performs better than the SPC-based policy with order smoothing. This finding provides proper guidelines for a supply chain manager to make a decision in a practical scenario.
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Yuvaraj N. and Pradeep Kumar M. "Performance and Surface Evaluation Characteristics on Cryogenic-Assisted Abrasive Water Jet Machining of AISI D2 Steel." In Non-Conventional Machining in Modern Manufacturing Systems, 202–31. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6161-3.ch010.
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The chapter reports on the investigation of cryogenic-assisted abrasive water jet (CAAWJ) machining of AISI D2 steel with varying the jet impact angles and abrasive mesh sizes. The performance measurement is considered in this study such as depth of penetration and taper ratio. Also, the surface integrity characteristics are considered in the present study such as abrasive contamination, surface topography, XRD peaks, residual stress, and micro hardness. The CAAWJ machining process improves the performance measurement such as higher depth of penetration and lower taper ratio for the machining of D2 steel. Also, the CAAWJ cut surface consists of better surface integrity features over the AWJ cut surface. The phase transformation effect of target material under cryogenic cooling helps to turn the mode of the material removal mechanism from ductile to brittle erosion process and yield a better performance. The results also indicate that the oblique jet impact angles have been produced better performance characteristics than the jet impact angle of 90o at room temperature.
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Hamzaçebi, Coşkun. "Taguchi Method as a Robust Design Tool." In Quality Control in Intelligent Manufacturing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94908.
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Taguchi Method is a powerful technique to optimize performance of the products or process. Taguchi’s main purpose is to reduce the variability around the target value of product properties via a systematic application of statistical experimental design which called robust design. Robust Design is an important technique for product manufacturability and product life. Taguchi simplified the usage of orthogonal arrays to setup experimental design. Thanks to this development, researchers and engineers saved both time and money. Furthermore, Taguchi proposed the usage of S/N ratio in order to measure the effects of factors on the performance characteristics. In this study a brief knowledge about the Taguchi Method is given. Orthogonal Arrays and S/N ratios are described. Summary of a case study is given.
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Uthayakumar, M., Balamurugan Karnan, Adam Slota, Jerzy Zajac, and J. Paulo Davim. "Performance Study of LaPO4-Y2O3 Composite Fabricated by Sol-Gel Process Using Abrasive Waterjet Machining." In Handbook of Research on Green Engineering Techniques for Modern Manufacturing, 143–61. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5445-5.ch009.
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This chapter presents an effective approach to assess the abrasive water jet machining of lanthanum phosphate reinforced with yttrium composite. A novel composite is prepared with the mixture of lanthanum phosphate sol and yttrium nitrate hexalate with a ratio of 80/20 by aqueous sol-gel process. Silicon carbide of 80 mesh size is used as abrasive. The effects of each input parameter of abrasive water jet machining are studied with an objective to improve the material removal rate with reduced kerf angle and surface roughness. The observations show that the jet pressure contributes by 77.6% and 45.15% in determining material removal rate and kerf angle, respectively. Through analysis of variance, an equal contribution of jet pressure (38.18%) and traverse speed (40.97%) on surface roughness is recorded. Microscopic examination shows the internal stress developed by silicon carbide which tends to get plastic deformation over the cut surface.
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Rene, Eldon R., Sung Joo Kim, Dae Hee Lee, Woo Bong Je, Mirian Estefanía López, and Hung Suck Park. "Artificial Neural Network Modelling of Sequencing Batch Reactor Performance." In Handbook of Research on Computational Science and Engineering, 456–79. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-116-0.ch019.
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Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is a versatile, eco-friendly, and cost-saving process for the biological treatment of nutrient-rich wastewater, at varying loading rates. The performance of a laboratory-scale SBR was monitored to ascertain the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (T-N) removals under four different operating conditions, by varying the operating time for the nitrification/denitrification steps, i.e., the cycle times. A multi-layered neural network was developed using COD, T-N, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), aeration time, and mixed liquor suspended solids concentration (MLSS) data. This chapter compares the neural simulation results to the experimental results and extracts information on the significant factors affecting SBR performance. The application of artificial neural networks to biological processes such as SBR is a relatively new technique in wastewater and water quality management, and the results presented herein indicate the promising start of the adoption of computational science in this domain of research.
Conference papers on the topic "Process performance ratio"
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Singh, Pushpendra, Avanish Kumar Dubey, and Pankaj Kumar Shrivastava. "Performance Evaluation of Electrical Discharge Abrasive Grinding Process using Grinding Ratio." In 2019 8th International Conference System Modeling and Advancement in Research Trends (SMART). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smart46866.2019.9117443.
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Elizalde-Blancas, Francisco, Ibrahim Yavuz, Suryanarayana Pakalapati, and Ismail Celik. "Effect of Channel Aspect Ratio on Planar SOFC Performance." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97222.
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The optimization process is in general an important issue to show the viability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) compared to traditional power sources. This optimization process can be done in a faster and cheaper way by making use of numerical simulations. In this study, three-dimensional, non-isothermal, steady state numerical simulations of planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are performed using the commercial FLUENT software. First, a detailed analysis of grid and iteration-dependent simulations is performed. This analysis predicts a 20% difference between a coarse and fine grid in the velocity magnitude in both anode and cathode gas flow channels, and in the y-component of current density. Then, the performance of a planar SOFC with changing channel aspect ratio is analyzed comparing their V-I curves and critical parameters like temperature, concentration, and current density distributions. The predictions show a 12 degrees difference in temperature at the fuel exhaust between low and high aspect ratio channel simulations. These results suggest that the channel aspect ratio is a significant parameter, worthwhile to be investigated.
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Cutrina Vilalta, Pau, Hui Wan, and Soumya S. Patnaik. "Centrifugal Compressor Performance Prediction Using Gaussian Process Regression and Artificial Neural Networks." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11936.
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Abstract In this paper, we use various regression models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the centrifugal compressor performance map. Particularly, we study the accuracy and efficiency of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Artificial Neural Networks in modelling the pressure ratio, given the mass flow rate and rotational speed of a centrifugal compressor. Preliminary results show that both GPR and ANN can predict the compressor performance map well, for both interpolation and extrapolation. We also study the data augmentation and data minimzation effects using the GPR. Due to the inherent pressure ratio data distribution in mass-flow-rate and rotational-speed space, data augmentation in the rotational speed is more effective to improve the ANN performance than the mass flow rate data augmentation.
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Qiu, Xuwen, and Nick Baines. "Performance Prediction for High Pressure-Ratio Radial Inflow Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27057.
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This paper describes the latest developments in a method for predicting the design and off-design performance of radial inflow turbines, using a one-dimensional analysis. As such, it is suitable for preliminary design purposes and also for turbine map generation as an aid to the modelling of systems including such turbines. Previous development work has resulted in methods of loss correlation allowing the power output and efficiency to be predicted with confidence. The focus of this paper is on extending the calculation method to high-pressure ratios, and the accurate prediction of flow capacity for unchoked and choked conditions. A numerical method provides for the identification of subsonic, transonic, and supersonic flow regimes in the bladed rows of the turbine, and allows their solution in a consistent manner. Numerically stable and validated solutions have been obtained for a cryogenic expander case with the stage pressure ratios as high as 13.6. In this paper, we will report cases with pressure ratio up to 4.0, where the nozzle and rotor are operating at the choked condition. When a blade row is choked, the flow capacity depends on the throat area, and accurate predictions require that this area is known with confidence. Previous meanline methods have typically concentrated on unchoked flow conditions, in which it is not necessary to know the throat area accurately. In turbine design, the method thus enables the necessary throat areas to be established at an early stage in the design process, and this information is required for the subsequent blade design. In analysis, comparison with test data has revealed the importance of throat aerodynamic blockage, which has hitherto largely been overlooked in meanline prediction methods. Estimates of appropriate blockages have been obtained from such comparisons. An unusual feature of radial inflow turbine nozzles is the reduction of annulus area downstream of the blade row. This can lead to situations where it is the flow area at the trailing edge rather than the throat that limits the flow capacity in choking conditions. The method accommodates this by introducing additional deviation at the trailing edge to ensure that the throat remains choked for all blade row pressure ratios greater than the critical pressure ratio, and the flow between the throat and trailing edge develops in a form that is fully consistent with the basic principles of fluid motion.
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Nakaso, Koichi, Erfina Oktariani, Atsushi Noda, Kazuya Nakashima, Keisuke Tahara, Bing Xue, Agung Tri Wijayanta, and Jun Fukai. "Estimation of Performance of Absorption/Desorption System for Regenerating Waste Water From Industrial Process." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54875.
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More reduction in energy consumption is requested to the industrial processes. In particular, large quantity of waste water at low temperature is released from chemical and steel processes. In this study, adsorption/desorption process of zeolite and water pair were selected to generate steam from water at low temperature. Contacting water liquid and zeolite directly, adsorption heat released from zeolite makes excess water evaporate. Basic experiments for adsorption/desorption process were carried out. First of all, adsorbents with different type were tested to find the candidate of the proposed system, and then suitable adsorbent was selected. From the basic adsorption experiment, generation of steam from the water liquid was confirmed by the proposed system. In the desorption process, hot dry gas was introduced to the adsorbent. The effect of gas temperature and its flow rate was investigated. The performance of the system was theoretically investigated based on overall heat and mass balances. As a result, the ratio of enthalpy of recovered steam of 140°C to input waste water of 80°C was around 6 when adsorption process was only considered. On the other hand, the ratio was 0.57 when waste heat was utilized for the desorption process. However if waste heat such as exhaust gas can be utilized for the desorption process, the ratio, that is, the efficiency would increase.
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Hwang, Kwangseok, Kyeongtae Kim, Jaehoon Chung, Ohmyoung Kwon, Byeonghee Lee, Joon Sik Lee, Seungho Park, and Young Ki Choi. "Development of Robust Batch-Fabrication Process for High Performance SThM Probe and Quantitative Performance Evaluation." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18218.
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To guarantee the reproducibility, uniformity and high yield of the fabrication results even with the unavoidable disturbances during the process, the robustness of the batch fabrication process of SThM probes has been improved. First, the shape of the hard mask used for the anisotropic tip etching was redesigned to fit to certain crystal surfaces of silicon wafer so that the sharpness of the tip is kept for a while even after the hard mask falls apart during the bulk tip etch process. Second, the aspect ratio of the tip was maximized by utilizing high concentration KOH solution. Third, the uniformity of etch rate across the wafer was improved by using ultrasonic bath during the anisotropic wet tip etching step. Through the synergistic effects of the modifications of the key steps, the tip fabrication process has become very robust and uniform. Taking advantage of the robustness of the process, we reduced the tip radius of the SThM probe down to 50 nm and the diameter of the thermocouple junction located at the end of the tip to 100 nm. As a result, the sensitivity and the spatial resolution of the new probe were demonstrated to be improved more than two times.
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Cho, Soo-Yong, Chong-Hyun Cho, and Chaesil Kim. "Performance Characteristics of a Turbo Expander Applied to the Expansion Process at a HFC134a Air-Conditioner." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27568.
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An experimental study is conducted on a small turbo expander which can be applied to the expansion process in place of an expansion valve in a regenerator or air-conditioner to recover energy from the throttling process. The operating gas is HFC134a and the maximum cooling capacity of the air-conditioner used in this experiment is 32.7kW. Four different axial-type rotors in the turbo expander are tested to find not only the performance difference on the rotor with/without the shroud but also the performance characteristics of the turbo expander when the partial admission rate is increased by changing the annular passage area of the rotor. Two rotors among four are shrouded on the tip of rotor; the first has a mean diameter of 71.85mm and the second 70.46mm. The remaining two rotors are tested after removing the shroud. These axial-type rotors operate in the supersonic flow generated at the supersonic nozzle, and the partial admission rate is 1.70% or 2.37% depending on the rotor size. In the experiment, pressure and temperature are measured at ten different locations in the experimental apparatus. In addition to these measurements, output power at the turbo expander is measured through a generator installed on a rotor shaft with the rotational speed. Performance data of the turbo expander are obtained at many part load operations by adjusting the output power of the generator. Experimental results show that the optimal velocity ratio decreases when the pressure ratio is decreased, and peak efficiencies, which are obtained at locally maximized efficiency depending on the operating condition, vary linearly against the subcooling temperature or the pressure ratio. A maximum 15.8% total-to-static efficiency is obtained when the pressure ratio and the partial admission ratio are 2.66 and 1.70%, respectively. When the partial admission rate is increased by reducing the annular passage area of the rotor without changing the nozzle area, the performance difference is negligible. Comparing with the total-to-static efficiencies obtained at a rotor with/without the shroud, the efficiencies obtained with the shroud are improved by nearly 3.7% for all operating conditions.
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Liu, Cun-liang, Hui-ren Zhu, Jiang-tao Bai, and Du-chun Xu. "Film Cooling Performance of Converging-Slot Holes With Different Exit-Entry Area Ratios." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59002.
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Film cooling performances of two kinds of converging slot-hole (console) with different exit-entry area ratios have been measured using a new transient liquid crystal measurement technique which can process the nonuniform initial wall temperature. Four momentum ratios are tested. The film cooling effectiveness distribution features are similar for the two consoles under all the momentum ratios. Consoles with smaller exit-entry area ratio produce higher cooling effectiveness. And the laterally averaged cooling effectiveness results show that the best momentum ratio for both consoles’ film cooling effectiveness distribution is around 2. For both consoles, the heat transfer in the midspan region is stronger than that in the hole centerline region in the upstream, but gradually becomes weaker as flowing downstream. With the momentum ratio increasing, the normalized heat transfer coefficient h/ho of both consoles increases. In the upstream, heat transfer coefficient of console with small exit-entry area ratio is higher. But in the downstream, the jets’ turbulence and the couple vortices play notable elevating effect on the heat transfer coefficient for large exit-entry area ratio case, especially under small momentum ratios. Consoles with smaller exit-entry area ratio provide better thermal protection because of higher cooling effectiveness. And the distributions of heat flux ratio are similar with those of cooling effectiveness because the influence of η on q/q0 is larger. For the consoles, smaller exit-entry area ratios produce lower discharge coefficients when the pressure variation caused by the hole shaped is regarded as flow resistant.
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Gilarranz, Jose´ L. "Uncertainty Analysis of a Polytropic Compression Process and Application to Centrifugal Compressor Performance Testing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68381.
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In recent years, several papers have been written concerning the application of uncertainty analyses for isentropic compression processes under the assumption of ideal gas behavior. However, for high-pressure ratio machines, the ideal gas model fails to capture the physics of the process. Still, the estimation of test uncertainty for polytropic processes is hindered by the complexity of the equations used to calculate the performance parameters and by the incorporation of real gas equations into the models. This paper presents an uncertainty analysis developed to estimate the error levels in data gathered during factory aero-performance tests of single- or multi-stage centrifugal compressors. The analysis incorporates the effects of the variation and uncertainty levels of every parameter used to calculate centrifugal compressor aero-thermal performance. Included are the variables used to define the thermodynamic states of the fluid inside the compressor, as well as geometric and operational parameters associated with the machine and test loop. Two different methods have been utilized and the results compared to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of each. The first method is based on the direct use of the Monte Carlo simulation technique combined with real gas equations of state. The second method employs uncertainty propagation equations and the methodology included in the ASME PTC-19.1 (1998) Test Code. Both approaches utilize the polytropic compression model and equations for performance evaluation that are included in the ASME PTC 10 (1997) Power Test Code for compressors and exhausters. The methods and results from this work may be easily extended to the isentropic compression model as well. The use of real gas equations of state make the methods applicable to virtually any gas composition. Although the analysis was intended to be applied to ASME PTC 10 Type 2 tests, the method can be extended to evaluate Type 1 and/or on-site field tests, as long as certain considerations are addressed. The uncertainty analysis presented is then used to evaluate data from several machines, ranging from a low-pressure ratio gas pipeline compressor to an eight-stage machine used for natural gas processing. Comments are offered concerning the effects of machine pressure ratio on the levels of uncertainty, as well as the importance of proper selection of instrumentation to minimize the error level of the test data. Special emphasis is placed on the benefits of using this analysis during the planning phase of the test program, to determine the optimal combination of instruments, to guarantee acceptable levels of uncertainty.
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Rodgers, C., and D. Brown. "Performance Test Diagnosis of a Compact Two Stage High Pressure Ratio Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22038.
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The intent of this paper was to resolve significant performance shortfalls encountered during the development of a small two stage research 15.0:1 centrifugal compressor designed fabricated and tested in the late 1990’s. The emphasis of the research project was on the aerodynamic flowpath that eliminates use of a large external diameter radial cross-over duct. This was achieved with an innovative small diameter “Sbend” crossover duct, using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools of the later 1990’s era to assist in the design process. Test results revealed major performance shortfalls stemming from limited efficient operating ranges of both the 1st stage mixed flow impeller and mixed flow diffuser, which precipitated stage mismatching consequently confining both 1st stage components to operate in semi-stalled modes. The performance of the conventional 2nd stage centrifugal compressor however met design expectations. Eventually program cost limitations curtailed further testing and intended supplementary CFD analyses of the performance deficiencies with more refined computational techniques. During the elapsed decade turbomachinery CFD codes have been extensively refined prompting this renewed diagnosis of the 1st stage mixed flow impeller, mixed flow diffuser and Sbend duct as described within.
Reports on the topic "Process performance ratio"
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF PEC COMPOSITE COLUMN-STEEL BEAM FRAME WITH WELDED T-STUB STRENGTHENED CONNECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.5.
Full textAbstract:
Seismic performance of innovative Partially Encased Composite (PEC) column-steel beam composite frame was investigated, where the connection was strengthened by the welded T-stub. A ½ scale, two-storey, and one bay composite frame specimen was designed and fabricated for the quasi-static test. Through the experimental observation and measurements, the seismic performance were evaluated, including hysteretic characteristic, lateral stiffness, seismic energy dissipation, and ductility. The plastic damage evolution process and ductile failure mode were clarified. The results indicated that the welded T-stud strengthened connection enhanced the integrity of the frame and led to higher seismic strength and larger lateral stiffness. The plastic hinge was observed away from the beam end due to the welded T-stud and the specimen exhibited an approximately completed hysteretic loop. Without significant decreasing of the ultimate bearing capacity, its overall drift, ductility efficient and equivalent viscous damping ratio were 3.63% (push) / 4.07% (pull), 3.21 (push) / 3.70 (pull) and 0.261 respectively. The proposed structure possesses sound deformation, ductility, and energy-dissipation capacity with the desired plastic failure mode induced by the plastic hinges formed in all beam sections near the T-stud end and column section at the bottom, successively. It was demonstrated an ideal ductile energy-dissipation mode of the frame structure.