Relevant bibliographies by topics / Process synthesis reactor

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Process synthesis reactor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Process synthesis reactor"

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Glasser, D. "Reactor and Process Synthesis." Computers & Chemical Engineering 21, no. 1-2 (1997): S775—S783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(97)00144-0.

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Glasser, David, and Diane Hildebrandt. "Reactor and process synthesis." Computers & Chemical Engineering 21 (May 1997): S775—S783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(97)87597-7.

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Pinto, Alwy. "4778662 Synthesis process and reactor." Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 9, no. 6 (January 1989): vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(89)90041-0.

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Seshimo, Masahiro, Bo Liu, Hey Ryeon Lee, Katsunori Yogo, Yuichiro Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki Shigaki, Yasuhiro Mogi, Hidetoshi Kita, and Shin-ichi Nakao. "Membrane Reactor for Methanol Synthesis Using Si-Rich LTA Zeolite Membrane." Membranes 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070505.

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We successfully demonstrated the effect of a membrane reactor for methanol synthesis to improve one-pass CO2 conversion. An Si-rich LTA membrane for dehydration from a methanol synthesis reaction field was synthesized by the seed-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method. The H2O permselective performance of the membrane showed 1.5 × 10−6 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 as H2O permeance and around 2000 as selectivity of H2O/MeOH at 473 K. From the results of membrane reactor tests, the CO2 conversion of the membrane reactor was higher than that of the conventional packed-bed reactor under the all of experimental conditions. Especially, at 4 MPa of reaction pressure, the conversion using the membrane reactor was around 60%. In the case of using a packed-bed reactor, the conversion was 20% under the same conditions. In addition, the calculated and experimental conversion were in good agreement in both the case of the membrane reactor and packed-bed reactor.
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Andreev, D. V., E. E. Sergeev, L. L. Makarshin, E. A. Ivanov, A. G. Gribovskiy, N. Yu Adonin, Z. P. Pai, and V. N. Parmon. "Catalytic Synthesis of Triethanolamine in a Microchannel Reactor." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 18, no. 5 (September 18, 2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2018-5-37-44.

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The process of ammonia oxyethylation was studied in a microchannel reactor at wide ranges of temperature (70–180 °C) and contact time (0.47–3.3 min). Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and the target triethanolamine (TEA) were the main products of the reaction between ethylene oxide (EO) and ammonia. The EO conversion was shown to increase with lengthening contact time (τ), it being 90 % at τ = 3.3 min. The highest selectivity to MEA and DEA was observed at 70 °C and τ = 3.3 min. A high selectivity to TEA (84 %) was reached at short τ (0.47 min) and maximal temperature (180 °C). The yield of TEA increased as temperature was elevated and contact time lengthened to reach 62 % at τ = 3.3 min and 155–180 °C. Mathematical modeling of the process allowed kinetic constants of individual stages to be calculated. The difference between the calculated and literature kinetic parameters could be accounted for by the specific features of the microchannel reactor providing, unlike traditional reactors for synthesis of triethanolamine, high heat and mass transfer.
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Hamedi, Homa, Torsten Brinkmann, and Sergey Shishatskiy. "Membrane-Assisted Methanol Synthesis Processes and the Required Permselectivity." Membranes 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080596.

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Water-selective membrane reactors are proposed in the literature to improve methanol yield for a standalone reactor. However, the methanol productivity is not a precise metric to show the system improvement since, with this approach, we do not consider the amount of energy loss through the undesirable co-permeation of H2, which could otherwise remain on the reaction side at high pressure. In other words, the effectiveness of this new technology should be evaluated at a process flowsheet level to assess its advantages and disadvantages on the overall system performance and, more importantly, to identify the minimum required properties of the membrane. Therefore, an equation-based model for a membrane reactor, developed in Aspen Custom Modeler, was incorporated within the process flowsheet of the methanol plant to develop an integrated process framework to conduct the investigation. We determined the upper limit of the power-saving at 32% by exploring the favorable conditions wherein a conceptual water selective membrane reactor proves more effective. Using these suboptimal conditions, we realized that the minimum required H2O/H2 selectivity is 190 and 970 based on the exergy analysis and overall power requirement, respectively. According to our results, the permselectivity of membranes synthesized for this application in the literature, showing improvements in the one-pass conversion, is well below the minimum requirement when the overall methanol synthesis process flowsheet comes into consideration.
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Dieringer, Paul, Falko Marx, Falah Alobaid, Jochen Ströhle, and Bernd Epple. "Process Control Strategies in Chemical Looping Gasification—A Novel Process for the Production of Biofuels Allowing for Net Negative CO2 Emissions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 4271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124271.

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Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a novel gasification technique, allowing for the production of a nitrogen-free high calorific synthesis gas from solid hydrocarbon feedstocks, without requiring a costly air separation unit. Initial advances to better understand the CLG technology were made during first studies in lab and bench scale units and through basic process simulations. Yet, tailored process control strategies are required for larger CLG units, which are not equipped with auxiliary heating. Here, it becomes a demanding task to achieve autothermal CLG operation, for which stable reactor temperatures are obtained. This study presents two avenues to attain autothermal CLG behavior, established through equilibrium based process simulations. As a first approach, the dilution of active oxygen carrier materials with inert heat carriers to limit oxygen transport to the fuel reactor has been investigated. Secondly, the suitability of restricting the air flow to the air reactor in order to control the oxygen availability in the fuel reactor was examined. Process simulations show that both process control approaches facilitate controlled and de-coupled heat and oxygen transport between the two reactors of the chemical looping gasifier, thus allowing for efficient autothermal CLG operation. With the aim of inferring general guidelines on how CLG units have to be operated in order to achieve decent synthesis gas yields, different advantages and disadvantages associated to the two suggested process control strategies are discussed in detail and optimization avenues are presented.
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Hemmati, Shohreh, Michael T. Harris, and Dale P. Barkey. "Polyol Silver Nanowire Synthesis and the Outlook for a Green Process." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (February 29, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9341983.

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Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have a broad range of applications including nanoelectronics, energy conversion, health care, solar cells, touch screens, sensors and biosensors, wearable electronics, and drug delivery systems. As their characteristics depend strongly on their size and morphology, it is essential to find the optimal and most cost-effective synthesis method with precise control over the size and morphology of the wires. Various methods for AgNW synthesis have been reported along with process optimization and novel techniques to increase the yield and aspect ratios of synthesized AgNWs. The most promising processes for synthesis of AgNWs are wet chemical techniques, in which the polyol process is low cost and simple and provides high yield compared to other chemical methods. Reaction mechanism is one of the most important factors in strategies to control the process. Our purpose here is to provide an overview on the main findings regarding synthesis, preparation, and characterization of AgNWs. Recent efforts in the polyol synthesis of AgNWs are summarized with respect to product morphology and size, reaction conditions, and characterization techniques. The effect of essential factors such as reagent concentration and preparation, temperature, and reaction atmosphere that control the size, morphology, and yield of synthesized AgNWs is reviewed. Moreover, a review on the novel modified polyol process and reactor design such as continuous millifluidic and flow reactors to increase the yield of synthesized AgNWs on large scales is provided. The most recent proposed growth mechanisms and kinetics behind the polyol process are addressed. Finally, comparatively few available studies in green and sustainable development of 1D silver nanostructures through the application of natural products with inherent growth termination, stabilization, and capping characteristics are reviewed to provide an avenue to natural synthesis pathways to AgNWs. Future directions in both chemical and green synthesis approaches of AgNWs are addressed.
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Sonawane, Shirish H., Sarang P. Gumfekar, Kunal H. Kate, Satish P. Meshram, Kshitij J. Kunte, Laxminarayan Ramjee, Candrashekhar M. Mahajan, Madan G. Parande, and Muthupandian Ashokkumar. "Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Assisted Synthesis of Nanocalcite." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/242963.

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A systematic study was made on the synthesis of nanocalcite using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. The effects of various parameters such as diameter and geometry of orifice,CO2flow rate, andCa(OH)2concentration were investigated. It was observed that the orifice diameter and its geometry had significant effect on the carbonation process. The reaction rate was significantly faster than that observed in a conventional carbonation process. The particle size was significantly affected by the reactor geometry. The results showed that an orifice with 5 holes of 1 mm size resulted in the particle size reduction to 37 nm. The experimental investigation reveals that hydrodynamic cavitation may be more energy efficient.
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Wei, Xin. "Synthesis of Alumina-Tungsten Carbide Composites by Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis Process." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.226.

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Alumina-Tungsten Carbide (Al2O3-WC) composites were synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) from a powder mixture of WO3-C-Al. The reaction was carried out in a SHS reactor under static argon gas at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. The standard Gibbs energy minimization method was used to calculate the equilibrium composition of the reacting species. The effects of carbon mole ratio in precursor mixture and diluents of NaCl and Al2O3 on the Al2O3-WC conversion were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope technique. The as-synthesized products of Al2O3-WC2-WC powders were concurrently formed and the reduction of W2C phase was found when added diluents in precursors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Process synthesis reactor"

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Abraham, Thomas Kannankara. "Kinetic bounds on attainability in the reactor synthesis problem." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1126791863.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 190 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-190). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Sahin, Kemal Hunkar. "COMBINED SAFETY AND ECONOMIC OPTIMALITY IN CHEMICAL PROCESS DESIGN." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin973708026.

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Nordström, Peter. "Minimizing Liquid Waste in Peptide Synthesis : A New Application for the Rotating Bed Reactor." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184016.

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Peptide drugs are used to treat a broad spectrum of diseases such as cancer and HIV and have many more promising applications, such as new vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The most popular manufacturing method for peptides is solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The main drawback of SPPS is that it is a costly and wasteful process.  SpinChem is a company that provides technology solutions for chemical processes. Recently, SpinChem has started investigating if their Rotating Bed Reactor (RBR) is suitable for peptide synthesis. The goal of this project is to investigate how the RBR can make processes like SPPS more resource-efficient. The idea is that the RBR-system can maximize the solid-phase to liquid ratio (STL). The STL is the ratio of the volume of solid-phase material and the volume of liquid. By maximizing the STL, it is possible to manufacture peptides using less solvents and chemicals. The main quest of the project is formulated into a single question:  How does a high STL affect the efficiency of the RBR-system?  To answer the question, Minitab's statistical software and design of experiments (DOE) will be used to plan and perform experiments in both lab- and industrial scales. DOE factorial experiments are used to gain as much information as possible about the new RBR-system. The results are analyzed and summarized to make a solid foundation for the continued work on the new RBR application.  Peptide synthesis efficiency in the RBR-system is measured using ionic adsorption. The ionic adsorption rate is measured in both lab-scale and industrial-scale experiments. In the lab-scale experiments, the decrease of ions was on average 86,5% after just 15 s with an average STL of 0,936. The industrial-scale experiments showed a similar result where the average decrease in ions was 92,9% after 20 s with an average STL of 0,947. It was concluded that the RBR-system can reduce the consumption of washing-solvent in SPPS by up to 82%.
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Betke, Annika [Verfasser], and Guido [Akademischer Betreuer] Kickelbick. "A comparison of synthetic strategies for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles : reactive milling and microjet reactor process / Annika Betke. Betreuer: Guido Kickelbick." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059390477/34.

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Betke, Annika Verfasser], and Guido [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kickelbick. "A comparison of synthetic strategies for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles : reactive milling and microjet reactor process / Annika Betke. Betreuer: Guido Kickelbick." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:291-scidok-59100.

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Mahmoudi, Hamid. "Performance of cobalt-based eggshell catalyst in low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce long-chain hydrocarbons from synthesis gas utilizing fixed-bed reactor technology." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5656/.

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Preliminary studies of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process were begun in 2010 at the University of Birmingham. A mini-scale F-T plant was designed and built at the School of Mechanical Engineering to study the production of long-chain hydrocarbons over a cobalt-based FTS process. For this purpose, a series of eggshell cobalt catalysts supported with silica powder with a dissimilar porous structure were investigated to examine the effect of support variables on the catalysts’ performance. The prepared catalysts were characterized with nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR), Scanning-Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) experiments to ensure the qualification of the catalysts for the F-T plant. A highly metal-dispersed catalyst was achieved by controlling three key parameters: (i) cobalt content, (ii) impregnation solution and (iii) meso-porous silica of average pore diameter during catalyst preparation. The catalysts were relatively activated at high temperature because of the formation of small particles. The concentration of the active site was maximized in order to enlarge the hydrogenation activity of the cobalt-based eggshell catalyst to produce middle distillates products. The optimisation study of the F-T process at low-temperature and low/medium pressure was performed to acquire the maximum production of liquid diesel fuel in a single-pass F-T process. The orthogonal arrays’ approach was employed to design a set of experiments. The investigations were successful to maximise the conversion in reactants (up to 98%) and lower the activity of the co-reactions at the same time. The change in reactant consumption and hydrocarbons’ selectivity was monitored over the time on stream and the responsible mechanisms for short-term deactivation within the first reaction cycle were studied, to achieve the optimum reaction conditions in terms of later deactivation of the catalyst.
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Seemann, Martin. "Methanation of biosyngas in a fluidized bed reactor : development of a one-step synthesis process, featuring simultaneous methanation, watergas shift and low temperature tar reforming /." Zürich : ETH/ PSI, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16754.

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Pontes, Ricardo de Freitas Fernandes. "Modelagem e síntese ótima de rede de reatores de processos oxidativos avançados para o tratamento de efluentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-18122009-131117/.

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Substâncias tóxicas como o fenol e outros compostos aromáticos dificultam o tratamento de efluentes via digestores biológicos. Estes compostos tóxicos em altas concentrações são nocivos aos lodos biológicos, podendo inviabilizar por completo o tratamento. Nas últimas décadas, os Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POAs), como os processos Fenton e foto- Fenton, surgiram como alternativa para o tratamento de compostos tóxicos. Os POAs degradam os compostos orgânicos pela geração de compostos oxidantes fortes, como o radical hidroxila, a partir de reagentes como peróxido de hidrogênio. Os processos Fenton e foto-Fenton fazem uso de ferro (II), um catalisador relativamente barato, para catalisar a decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio, reação denominada como reação de Fenton. Em virtude dos complexos mecanismos presentes nos processos Fenton e foto-Fenton, torna-se necessária uma compreensão da cinética do processo, que envolve reações térmicas e fotoquímicas, por meio de sua modelagem matemática fenomenológica. A modelagem da degradação do fenol via processos Fenton e foto-Fenton proposta por este trabalho começa pela estequiometria dos dois processos, que descreve as reações químicas, térmicas e fotoquímicas existentes. A partir destas, é possível desenvolver o modelo cinético dos processos Fenton e foto-Fenton, no qual se determina a velocidade com que estas reações ocorrem. O passo seguinte é o da modelagem hidráulica (ou de escoamento) dos reatores de processo Fenton e foto-Fenton, sendo que para o segundo processo, o modelo deve levar em conta a propagação da radiação por dentro de reator. Foram realizados 3 experimentos de degradação de fenol via processo Fenton para análise das variações das concentrações de fenol, catecol e hidroquinona. Os dados experimentais são comparados com resultados simulados com intuito do ajuste das constantes cinéticas do modelo. Com as constantes ajustadas, são realizadas comparações entre os processos Fenton e foto-Fenton para análise de suas eficiências. A partir dos modelos matemáticos dos reatores de processos Fenton e foto-Fenton, é desenvolvido um modelo de otimização baseado em superestrutura de redes de reatores para a síntese de uma planta de tratamento de efluentes contaminados com fenol. Objetivou-se a redução dos custos de capital, operação e depreciação desta planta, sujeitos às restrições de projeto e ao modelo da superestrutura, resultando em modelos de programação não-linear inteira mista. Foram geradas soluções ótimas para o tratamento de efluentes contaminados com fenol em redes de um, dois e três reatores de POAs.
Toxic substances such as phenol and other aromatic compounds make the wastewater treatment by biological (aerobic or anaerobic) digestors more difficult. These toxic compounds in high concentrations are harmful for the biological sludge and they may render the treatment impractical. In recent decades, Advanced Oxidative Processes (AOPs) appeared as an alternative for the treatment of toxic compounds. AOPs degrade the organic compounds by generating strong oxidizing compounds, such as the hydroxyl radical, from reactants such as hydrogen peroxide. The Fenton and photo-Fenton processes make use of iron (II), a relatively inexpensive catalyst, to catalyze the hydrogen peroxide decomposition, reaction known as the Fenton reaction. Because of the complex nature of the mechanisms that take place in the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, the understanding of the process kinetics, which involves thermal and photochemical reactions, becomes necessary through its first-principle mathematical modeling. The modeling of phenol degradation by the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes proposed in this work starts with the stoichiometry of the two processes that enumerates the existing thermal and photochemical reactions. Furthermore, it is possible to develop the Fenton and photo- Fenton kinetic model, which determines the reaction rates. The next step is to model the hydraulic (or flow) behavior of the Fenton and photo-Fenton process reactor, whereas the model for the latter must consider how the radiation propagates inside the reactor. Three experiments of the phenol degradation by the Fenton process were carried out to analyze the concentration variation for phenol, catechol and hydroquinone. The experimental data are compared with simulated results aiming the estimation of the kinetic constants of the model. Using the adjusted constants, the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes were compared to analyze their efficiencies. From the mathematical models of the Fenton and photo-Fenton process reactors, an optimization model based on reactor network superstructure is developed for the synthesis of a phenol contaminated wastewater treatment plant. The objective is to minimize the plant capital, operation and depreciation costs, subject to design constraints and to the superstructure model, thus resulting in mixed integer nonlinear programming models. Optimal solutions were generated for the phenol contaminated wastewater treatment in networks with one, two and three AOP reactors.
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Bezerra, Marcio Barbalho Dantas. "Implementa??o de um modelo computacional para estudo do processo Fischer-Tropsch em reator de leito de lama." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15798.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioBDB_DISSERT.pdf: 1427541 bytes, checksum: 4ea4ab1aa3dd7faa960c62967facffc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
This work aims at the implementation and adaptation of a computational model for the study of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction in a slurry bed reactor from synthesis gas (CO+H2) for the selective production of hydrocarbons (CnHm), with emphasis on evaluation of the influence of operating conditions on the distribution of products formed during the reaction.The present model takes into account effects of rigorous phase equilibrium in a reactive flash drum, a detailed kinetic model able of predicting the formation of each chemical species of the reaction system, as well as control loops of the process variables for pressure and level of slurry phase. As a result, a system of Differential Algebraic Equations was solved using the computational code DASSL (Petzold, 1982). The consistent initialization for the problem was based on phase equilibrium formed by the existing components in the reactor. In addition, the index of the system was reduced to 1 by the introduction of control laws that govern the output of the reactor products. The results were compared qualitatively with experimental data collected in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis plant installed at Laborat?rio de Processamento de G?s - CTG?S-ER-Natal/RN
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a implementa??o e adapta??o de um modelo computacional de equil?brio de fases visando o estudo do processo Fischer- Tropsch em reator leito de lama a partir de g?s de s?ntese (CO + H2) para a produ??o seletiva de hidrocarbonetos (CnHm), com ?nfase na avalia??o da influ?ncia das condi??es operacionais sobre a distribui??o dos produtos formados durante a rea??o. O modelo em quest?o leva em conta efeitos do equil?brio de fases de modo rigoroso num tambor flash reativo, uma cin?tica detalhada que prev? a forma??o de cada componente do sistema reacional, bem como malhas de controle do processo para as vari?veis press?o e n?vel da fase lama. O sistema de equa??es obtido ? do tipo Alg?brico Diferencial, e foi resolvido utilizando-se o c?digo computacional DASSL (Petzold, 1982). A inicializa??o consistente do sistema de equa??es foi feita com base na condi??o de equil?brio de fases inicial formado pelos componentes j? existentes no reator, sendo o ?ndice do sistema reduzido a 1 pela introdu??o das leis de controle que regem a sa?da de produtos do reator. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados qualitativamente com os dados experimentais coletados na planta de s?ntese de Fischer- Tropsch instalada no Laborat?rio de Processamento de G?s do CTG?S-ER em Natal/RN
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Rincon, Guillermo J. "Photocatalytic Mineralization of Phenol on Fluidized Titanium Oxide-Coated Silica Gel." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2009.

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A bench-scale tubular reactor with recirculation was built in order to study the efficiency of the photocatalytic oxidation of phenol on fluidized titanium oxide-coated silica gel beads. A UV-C lamp placed along the central vertical axes of the reactor was used as source of photons. A bed of silica gel beads was fluidized by means of fluid recirculation and forced to follow upward helical flow around the lamp. Anatase was successfully synthetized on silica gel particles of average diameters 224, 357 and 461 µm, as confirmed by scanning electron micrographs, through a sol-gel technique using a titanium (iv)isopropoxide / hydrochloric acid / ethanol precursor. Data was obtained from multiple 8-hours photocatalytic experiments using a determined mass of beads fluidized in an aqueous solution of known initial phenol concentration. Contaminant degradation with irradiation time was measured as COD. Beads that had been subjected to three consecutive coating procedures produced an 8-h removal efficiency 10% higher than beads with a single coat. 20 g L-1 of silica beads was found to be the optimum load for the experimental reactor configuration regardless of beads size, although efficiency increased with decreasing size of the latter. Experimental results confirmed that the efficiency of phenol photocatalytic degradation decreases with increasing pollutant concentration. Also, the highest removal was achieved with initial pH 3, and it decreased with increasing pH. When NaCl was added to the solution, COD removal increased with increasing salinity. Additionally, it was found that dissolved oxygen is indispensable for photocatalysis to proceed, and that saturation of the treated mixture with oxygen was effectively achieved by keeping the liquid surface in contact with pure oxygen at 1 atm. Finally, statistical analysis of the data showed that photocatalytic mineralization of phenol-derived COD under the experimental conditions follows exponential decay. Based on this finding, a correlation model was proposed for the accurate prediction (minimum R2 = 0.9840) of the COD removal efficiency of the reactor for any given initial COD.
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Books on the topic "Process synthesis reactor"

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Doraiswamy, L. K. Organic Synthesis Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195096897.001.0001.

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This book will formally launch "organic synthesis engineering" as a distinctive field in the armory of the reaction engineer. Its main theme revolves around two developments: catalysis and the role of process intensification in enhancing overall productivity. Each of these two subjects are becoming increasingly useful in organic synthesis engineering, especially in the production of medium and small volume chemicals and enhancing reaction rates by extending laboratory techniques, such as ultrasound, phase transfer catalysts, membrane reactor, and microwaves, to industrial scale production. This volume describes the applications of catalysis in organic synthesis and outlines different techniques of reaction rate and/or selectivity enhancement against a background of reaction engineering principles for both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
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Floudas, Christodoulos A. Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100563.001.0001.

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Filling a void in chemical engineering and optimization literature, this book presents the theory and methods for nonlinear and mixed-integer optimization, and their applications in the important area of process synthesis. Other topics include modeling issues in process synthesis, and optimization-based approaches in the synthesis of heat recovery systems, distillation-based systems, and reactor-based systems. The basics of convex analysis and nonlinear optimization are also covered and the elementary concepts of mixed-integer linear optimization are introduced. All chapters have several illustrations and geometrical interpretations of the material as well as suggested problems. Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization will prove to be an invaluable source--either as a textbook or a reference--for researchers and graduate students interested in continuous and discrete nonlinear optimization issues in engineering design, process synthesis, process operations, applied mathematics, operations research, industrial management, and systems engineering.
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Snell, Douglas C. A study of a diffusionally controlled reactive synthesis process using a multi-tube diffusion flame burner. 1994.

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Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger, and Eric Coissac. DNA sequencing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0007.

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The emergence of eDNA analysis is tightly linked to the development of next-generation sequencing. Chapter 7 “DNA sequencing” gives an overview of the characteristics and limitations of the main next-generation sequencing platforms. It focuses particularly on the Illumina platform, which is the only technology currently suitable for large-scale analysis with hundreds to thousands of samples. More specifically, Chapter 7 describes the Illumina library preparation process, the generation of sequencing clusters by bridge PCR on the flow cell, and the sequencing reaction itself, based on sequencing by synthesis. Finally, detailed information is provided on the meaning and coding of quality scores of the sequencing reads.
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Fischer-Tropsch Technology (Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis). Elsevier Science, 2004.

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André, Steynberg, and Dry Mark, eds. Fischer-Tropsch technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.

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Browning, Birch P. How Students Acquire Musical Understanding. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928200.003.0007.

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The chapter describes how initial musical learning occurs as infants are exposed to motherese, or infant-directed speech, and react to aural stimuli by encoding information. The aural-oral feedback loop by which babies learn sounds is illustrated. The chapter also covers children’s acquisition of an understanding of local musical culture through acculturation. Subsequent formal instruction enables students to perceive, think about, perform, and create music. The developmental process for understanding music notation is shown to be remarkably similar to thatfor learning oral and written language. The outcomes of formal instruction are covered, including the ability to understand music from a variety of perspectives, which enables the rapid acquisition of new repertoire. Musical understanding is described as the synthesis of and interaction between musical knowledge and musical skill, with the goal of self-regulation in learning
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Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, and Lina Hansson, eds. Ocean Acidification. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199591091.001.0001.

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The ocean helps moderate climate change thanks to its considerable capacity to store CO2, through the combined actions of ocean physics, chemistry, and biology. This storage capacity limits the amount of human-released CO2 remaining in the atmosphere. As CO2 reacts with seawater, it generates dramatic changes in carbonate chemistry, including decreases in pH and carbonate ions and an increase in bicarbonate ions. The consequences of this overall process, known as "ocean acidification", are raising concerns for the biological, ecological, and biogeochemical health of the world's oceans, as well as for the potential societal implications. This research level text is the first to synthesize the very latest understanding of the consequences of ocean acidification, with the intention of informing both future research agendas and marine management policy. A prestigious list of authors has been assembled, among them the coordinators of major national and international projects on ocean acidification.
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Prescott, Tony J., and Leah Krubitzer. Evo-devo. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0008.

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This chapter explores how principles underlying natural evo-devo (evolution and development) continue to inspire the design of artificial systems from models of cell growth through to simulated three-dimensional evolved creatures. Research on biological evolvability shows that phenotypic outcomes depend on multiple interactions across different organizational levels—the adult organism is the outcome of a series of genetic cascades modulated in time and space by the wider embryological, bodily, and environmental context. This chapter reviews evo-devo principles discovered in biology and explores their potential for improving the evolvability of artificial systems. Biological topics covered include adaptive, selective, and generative mechanisms, and the role of epigenetic processes in creating phenotypic diversity. Modeling approaches include L-systems, Boolean networks, reaction-diffusion processes, genetic algorithms, and artificial embryogeny. A particular focus is on the evolution and development of the mammalian brain and the possibility of designing, using synthetic evo-devo approaches, brain-like control architectures for biomimetic robots.
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Mast, Christof, Friederike Möller, Moritz Kreysing, Severin Schink, Benedikt Obermayer, Ulrich Gerland, and Dieter Braun. Toward living nanomachines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0039.

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How does inanimate matter become transformed into animate matter? Living systems evolve by replication and selection at the molecular level and this chapter considers how to establish a synthetic, minimal system that can support molecular evolution and thus life. Molecular evolution cannot be explained by starting with high concentrations of activated chemicals that react toward their chemical equilibrium; persistent non-equilibria are required to maintain continuous reactivity and we especially consider thermal gradients as an early driving force for Darwinian molecular evolution. The temperature difference across water-filled compartments implements a laminar fluid convection with periodic temperature oscillations that allow for the melting and replication of DNA. Simultaneously, dissolved molecules are moved along the thermal gradient by an effect called thermophoresis. The combined result is an efficient molecule trap that exponentially favors long over short DNA and thus maintains complexity. Future experiments will reveal how thermal gradients could actively drive the Darwinian process of replication and selection.
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Book chapters on the topic "Process synthesis reactor"

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Boodhoo, Kamelia. "Spinning Disc Reactor for Green Processing and Synthesis." In Process Intensification for Green Chemistry, 59–90. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118498521.ch3.

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Rossetti, Ilenia. "Reactor Design, Modelling and Process Intensification for Ammonia Synthesis." In Sustainable Ammonia Production, 17–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35106-9_2.

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Rode, Sabine, and François Lapicque. "Microstructured Reactors for Electrochemical Synthesis." In Micro Process Engineering, 459–80. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631445.ch17.

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Woodley, John M. "Reaction and Process Engineering." In Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, 217–47. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527639861.ch7.

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Pampuch, R., J. Lis, and T. Rudnik. "Solid Combustion Synthesis of Silicon-Containing High-Temperature Materials." In Flash Reaction Processes, 155–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0309-1_6.

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Salvador, S. "Prototyping Flash Calciners for the Manufacture of Synthetic Pozzolana from Kaolinite Clay." In Flash Reaction Processes, 295–318. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0309-1_12.

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Eksiler, Kubra, Yoshito Andou, and Tessei Kawano. "Chapter 11. Fabrication of Biodegradable Cellulose Composite Through a Greener Reaction Process." In Cellulose Nanoparticles : Synthesis and Manufacturing, 236–57. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788019545-00236.

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Sata, Nobuhiro, and Jun Ikeuchi. "Application of Synthesis Process by a Self-Propagating Reaction." In Sintering ’87, 523–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1373-8_88.

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Muley, Pranjali D., and Dorin Boldor. "Process Intensification and Parametric Optimization in Biodiesel Synthesis Using Microwave Reactors." In Green chemistry for Sustainable Biofuel Production, 165–202. Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2018.: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22351-5.

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Kaushik, Prachi, and Anushree Malik. "Mycoremediation of Synthetic Dyes: An Insight into the Mechanism, Process Optimization and Reactor Design." In Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Dyes in Wastewaters, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10942-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Process synthesis reactor"

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Garg, R. K., J. P. Gore, and T. S. Fisher. "Numerical Simulation of Hydrocarbon-Hydrogen Reaction Chemistry in a CVD Reactor." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42076.

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In the present work, gas-phase reactions for three different hydrocarbon-hydrogen mixtures (CH4+H2, C2H2+H2 and C2H4+H2) in the presence of volumetric energy input were simulated in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. The goal of the simulations is to estimate the concentrations of species responsible for the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These estimates are expected to aid in understanding fundamental mechanisms of CNT formation and in controlling the synthesis process through process parameters such as inlet composition and temperature of the mixture, reactor pressure and microwave power. The simulation employs gas-phase kinetics of the GRI-2.11 mechanism with only reactions involving neutral molecules that contain C and H atoms. The results indicate that the concentrations of H radicals and C atoms increase with increases in energy deposition rate.
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Basson, Gert W., and P. W. E. Blom. "Non-Catalytic Plasma-Arc Reforming of Natural Gas With Carbon Dioxide as the Oxidizing Agent for the Production of Synthesis Gas or Hydrogen." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58023.

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The world’s energy consumption is increasing constantly due to the growing population of the world. The increasing energy consumption has a negative effect on the fossil fuel reserves of the world. Hydrogen has the potential to provide energy for all our needs by making use of fossil fuel such as natural gas and nuclear-based electricity. Hydrogen can be produced by reforming methane with carbon dioxide as the oxidizing agent. Hydrogen can be produced in a Plasma-arc reforming unit making use of the heat energy generated by a 500 MWt Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR). The reaction in the unit takes place stoichiometrically in the absence of a catalyst. Steam can be added to the feed stream together with the Carbon Dioxide, which make it possible to control the H2/CO ratio in the synthesis gas between 1/1 and 3/1. This ratio of H2/CO in the synthesis gas is suitable to be used as feed gas to almost any chemical and petrochemical process. To increase the hydrogen production further, the Water-Gas Shift Reaction can be applied. A techno-economic analysis was performed on the non-catalytic plasma-arc reforming process. The capital cost of the plant is estimated at $463 million for the production of 1132 million Nm3/year of hydrogen. The production cost of hydrogen is in the order of $12.81 per GJ depending on the natural gas cost and the price of electricity.
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Guillard, Tony, Gilles Flamant, and Daniel Laplaze. "Heat, Mass and Fluid Flow in a Solar Reactor for Fullerene Synthesis." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-161.

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Abstract A 2 kW solar furnace was used to vaporize a graphite target for fullerene synthesis. Tests were performed in a wide range of vaporization rates (0.1–4 g/h), under variable pressure and argon flow rate. Experimental results are interpreted with numerical simulation to define key parameters for large-scale synthesis of fullerenes with solar energy. We demonstrate that the vaporization process is controlled by diffusion in the temperature and pressure ranges 3000–3700 K and 70–250 hPa respectively. Experimental data and numerical simulation suggest that in the solar reactor, fullerene yield is governed by the dilution of carbon vapor in argon and by the temperature gradient in the cooling zone. Criteria for both parameters are suggested. Consequently, these data, combined with the numerical model accounting for heat, mass and fluid flow inside the reactor, may be used for the design of large-scale solar process.
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Barham, Joshua Philip, Yasuo Norikane, Hiromichi Egami, and Yoshitaka Hamashima. "High Efficiency Microwave Flow Chemistry Towards Synthesis of Functional Materials and Pharmaceutical Cores." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9860.

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Microwave (MW) heating benefits organic synthesis by affording higher product yields in shorter time periods than conventional heating, yet it suffers from poor scalability and is limited to polar solvents in typical batch mode reactors. Herein, we report a microwave flow reactor using a solid-state semiconductor MW generator. The tunable, single-mode MW heating allows high efficiency, scalable organic synthesis, rapid reaction optimization and is applicable to non-polar solvents (o-Xylene and CPME can be rapidly heated to ca. 260 oC). Auto-frequency tuning compensates for changes in the microwave absorption properties (permittivity, epsilon) with increasing temperature, affording excellent temperature and process control. This technology unlocked unprecedented g/h productivity of C60/fullerene-indene monoadduct (IC60MA) and facilitated a novel, transition metal-free amide-styrene coupling reaction for synthesis of amide-containing pharmaceutical cores in up to 65 g/h (Figure 1). An ortho-Claisen rearrangement reaction was rapidly optimised.
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Raji, K., and C. B. Sobhan. "A Computational Model for Predicting the Temperature Distribution Inside a CVD Reactor for Carbon Nanotube Synthesis." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64256.

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Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is the cheapest method among various synthesis techniques of Carbon Nanotube (CNT). However, an optimal design of CVD systems encounters a lot of challenges due to the complexity of the reaction process and the energy interactions involved. Optimal designs can be evolved only on the basis of a good theoretical analysis of the CVD system, solving the governing equations of the physical phenomena, to predict the conditions inside the furnace. The work reported here investigates the reacting flow dynamics and temperature distributions inside the CVD reactor during the formation of carbon nanotubes. The theoretical approach solves the momentum and energy equations, in conjunction with the reaction kinetics involved. The mathematical model is numerically solved using a two dimensional CFD formulation, utilizing the COMSOL Software. The flow velocities, temperature distribution and local heat transfer inside the reactor are obtained from the analysis. It is concluded from the investigation that a considerable variation exists between the local temperature inside the reactor, at regions near the catalyst container, and the furnace wall temperature. The results obtained can provide important input information for a complete simulation of the CNT synthesis process, for the optimal design of the CVD system.
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Ahumada, Luz M., Arnaldo Verdeza, and Antonio J. Bula. "Optimization of a Biomass Micro-Gasification Process for the Production of Synthesis Gas From Palm Shell." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52119.

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This paper studied, through an experiment design, the significance of particle size, air speed and reactor arrangement for palm shell micro-gasification process in order to optimize the heating value of the syngas obtained. The range of variables was 8 to 13 mm for particle size, 0.8–1.4m/s for air velocity, and updraft or downdraft for the reactor type. It was found that the particle size and air velocity factors were the most significant in the optimization of the output variable, syngas heating value. A heating value of 2.69MJ / Nm3 was obtained using a fixed bed downdraft reactor, with a particle size of 13 mm and 1.4 m/s for air speed; verification of the optimum point of operation under these conditions verified that these operating conditions favor the production of a gas with a high energy value.
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Czernichowski, Albin, Piotr Czernichowski, and Krystyna Wesolowska. "Plasma-Catalytical Partial Oxidation of Various Carbonaceous Feeds Into Synthesis Gas." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2537.

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We propose a sulfur-resistant process in which a gaseous or liquid carbonaceous matter is converted into the Synthesis Gas in a presence of high-voltage cold-plasma (“GlidArc”) that assists the exothermal Partial Oxidation. This process is performed in our 0.6 to 2-Liter reactors using atmospheric air. The reactants are mixed at the reactor entry without use of vaporizers or nozzles. Our process is initiated in the discharges’ zone in presence of active electrons, ions, and radicals generated directly in the entering mixture. Then the partially reacted steam enters a post-plasma zone of the same reactor. This zone is filled with a metallic and/or mineral material. We found several solids that present some catalytic properties enhanced by high temperatures and active species generated in the cold plasma. Atmospheric pressure reforming is presently studied. This paper recalls our earlier tests with natural gas, propane, cyclohexane, heptane, toluene, various gasolines, diesel oils (including logistic ones), and the Rapeseed oil. New experiments are then presented on the reforming of heavy naphtha and an aviation fuel. The synthesis gas issued from the last one has been successfully converted into electric energy in an on-line inserted Solid Oxide fuel Cell. All tested feeds are totally reformed into Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide and some Methane. Other components are Steam and Carbon Dioxide. All these products are diluted in Nitrogen coming from the air. No soot, coke or tars are produced even from highly aromatic liquids. The output Synthesis Gas power issued as the result of our tests can presently reach 11 kW (accounted as the Lower Heating Value of produced H2 + CO stream). Only 0.05–0.2 kW of electric power is necessary to drive such cold-plasma-assisted reformer. Up to 45 vol.% of H2 + CO mixture (dry basis) is produced in long runs. We obtain a better than 70% thermal efficiency of the process (defined as the output combustion enthalpy of H2 + CO at 25°C concerning the Lower Heating Value of the feed). However a large part of remaining percentage of the energy leaving the reformer (the sensitive heat and CH4 at 2–3 vol.% level) can be further reused in the high-temperature Fuel Cells.
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Han, Wei, Rachaneewan Charoenwat, and Brian H. Dennis. "Numerical Investigation of Biodiesel Production in Capillary Microreactor." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48765.

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Synthesis of biodiesel through transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol has been experimentally studied in different types of microreactors though detailed numerical simulation has not yet been presented. The capillary microreactor has the potential to greatly intensify mass transfer between immiscible fluids that would result in higher chemical reaction rates. A segmented flow pattern of oil and methanol forms within the reactor. It has been shown experimentally that the two phase flow has dramatic benefits on the intensification of mass transfer and heat transfer. Such reactors have been proposed for the synthesis of biodiesel and detailed understanding of flow dynamics and chemical kinetics would be useful for process optimization. This paper presents a mathematical model and numerical solution for the synthesis of biodiesel in a capillary reactor. The model represents the unsteady incompressible viscous non-equilibrium chemically reacting flow. The equations are discretized with the finite element method (FEM) and solved to demonstrate the flow behavior and concentration distribution of each chemical species within two phases; different residence time will be obtained with different volume flow rate as well. Information about efficient computational treatment of the model will also be presented.
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Bran-Anleu, Gabriela, H. Pirouz Kavehpour, and Adrienne S. Lavine. "Transient Behavior of an Ammonia-Based Energy Recovery System." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59654.

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An ammonia thermochemical energy storage system consists of an endothermic reaction that disassociates ammonia into hydrogen using the solar energy, which can be stored for future use. The reverse reaction is carried out in the energy recovery process; the ammonia synthesis reaction is used to heat supercritical steam to temperatures on the order of 650 degrees Celsius as required for a supercritical steam Rankine cycle. The goal of this paper is to investigate the transient response in a synthesis reactor-heat-exchanger. It is desired to predict the time the system takes to reach steady state and the effect a perturbation has on the temperature response of the system. A numerical model has been developed to investigate the transient behavior of an ammonia synthesis reactor-heat exchanger. The model consists of a transient one dimensional concentric tube counter-flow reactor-heat exchanger. The effect of gas mass flow rate and initial gas temperature was investigated. Results show that as gas mass flow rate increases, the time for the outlet steam temperature to reach steady state decreases. For low gas mass flow rates, the required outlet steam temperature is not achieved.
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McCormick, John L. "High Temperature Reactor: Driving Force to Convert CO2 to Fuel." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58132.

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The rapidly increasing cost of petroleum products and uncertainty of long-term supply have prompted the U.S. military to aggressively pursue production of alternative fuels (synfuels) such as coal-to-liquids (CTL). U.S. Air Force is particularly active in this effort while the entire military is involved in simultaneously developing fuel specifications for alternative fuels that enable a single fuel for the entire battle space; all ground vehicles, aircraft and fuel cells. By limiting its focus on coal, tar sands and oil shale resources, the military risks violating federal law which requires the use of synfuels that have lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions less than or equal to emissions from conventional petroleum fuels. A climate-friendly option would use a high temperature nuclear reactor to split water. The hydrogen (H2) would be used in the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) to react with carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce carbon monoxide (CO) and water. The oxygen (O2) would be fed into a supercritical (SC) coal furnace. The flue gas CO2 emissions would be stripped of impurities before reacting with H2 in a RWGS process. Resultant carbon monoxide (CO) is fed, with additional H2, (extra H2 needed to adjust the stoichiometry: 2 moles H2 to one mole CO) into a conventional Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) to produce a heavy wax which is cracked and isomerized and refined to Jet Propulsion 8 (JP-8) and Jet Propulsion 5 (JP-5) fuels. The entire process offers valuable carbon-offsets and multiple products that contribute to lower synfuel costs and to comply with the federal limitation imposed on synfuel purchases. While the entire process is not commercially available, component parts are being researched; their physical and chemical properties understood and some are state-of-the-art technologies. An international consortium should complete physical, chemical and economic flow sheets to determine the feasibility of this concept that, if pursued, has broad applications to military and civilian aviation fleets and freight-hauling diesel engines.
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Reports on the topic "Process synthesis reactor"

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Shivaji Sircar, Hugo S. Caram, Kwangkook Jeong, Michael G. Beaver, Fan Ni, and Agbor Tabi Makebe. Novel Sorption Enhanced Reaction Process for Simultaneous Production of CO2 and H2 from Synthesis Gas Produced by Coal Gasification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035862.

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