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1
Jumini, Sri. "Alternative fish feed production from waste chicken feathers." International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series 1, no. 2 (August 14, 2017): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijsascs.v1i2.5140.
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<p class="Abstract">In this This devotion has been done to provide education and training of the utilization of waste chicken manure, making flour chicken feathers as a fish feed alternative, that can overcome some of the problems that waste chicken feathers from the center cutting broiler chickens in the village Krasak enough, it causes pollution, and not used optimally; Low public awareness of awareness of environmental pollution; the lack of public knowledge about the utilization of waste chicken feathers, and processing technology, as well as to address the needs of fish feed more expensive, need alternative feed ingredients. This service program has provided insight to the public about waste chicken feathers so that it can be used as a new entrepreneurial startups. To achieve these objectives have been done of activity as follows: 1) Provide counseling and understanding of the community will be a negative impact on the environment of waste chicken feathers. 2) Provide counseling utilization of waste chicken feathers for people in nearby farms. 3) Make a chicken feather meal of chicken feather waste as an alternative fish feed to improve digestibility of chicken feathers. 3) The formation of the group for increasing the economic income of the family. This service activities program runs quite well with demonstrated some activity, namely: 1) Change Behavior Society (knowledge transfer); 2) Chicken Feather Extension Waste Utilization; 3) Making Unit Waste Chicken Feathers; 4) Establishment of New Business of Diversified Waste Chicken Feathers.</p>
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Wu, Xiao Qian, Li Chen, Zhang Jun Cao, and Mei Hua Zhou. "Feather Degradation and Keratinase Production by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1400–1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1400.
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Feathers, as a waste, are produced in large quantities from poultry processing industry every year. In this paper, feathers were biodegraded by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ which was isolated from soil samples. The results show that the optimal conditions for the feather degradation and the keratinase production are 2.5% feather as substrate, the initial pH of 7.8 and cultivation at 40 °C for 5 days. Salts, KCl and NaCl, can increase feather degradation slightly. The proper concentration of Tween 80 can enhance keratinase production significantly. EDTA, as a metalloprotease inhibitor, greatly inhibits keratinolytic activity.
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Solcova, Olga, Jaroslav Knapek, Lenka Wimmerova, Kamila Vavrova, Tomas Kralik, Milena Rouskova, Stanislav Sabata, and Jiri Hanika. "Environmental aspects and economic evaluation of new green hydrolysis method for waste feather processing." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 23, no. 6 (April 9, 2021): 1863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02072-5.
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Abstract In recent years, an increase in the chicken meat process industry has been growing quickly, which brings a large amount of difficult to process waste, chicken feathers. These billions of kilograms create a serious waste problem over the world, furthermore, poultry feather processing is not only particularly difficult but also relatively expensive. In fact, there is no technology suitable for processing such huge quantities of feathers to guarantee sustainable development of the chicken meat industry together with processing of waste feathers. This article introduces a newly designed and original, highly efficient and environmentally friendly method of physicochemical hydrolysis of waste feathers. The hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a weak organic carboxylic acid; thus, the resulting hydrolysate does not contain any salts or ashes. Therefore, a resulting hydrolysate, which includes a mixture of amino acids, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins and free fatty acids, is suitable for a variety of applications; e.g. as a chondroprotective agent in the treatment of joint diseases, nutrients for crop plants or targeted biostimulants for agriculture. This paper is focused not only on the process scale-up but also on environmental aspects and economic evaluations to bring general view of the process. Graphic abstract
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Jamiu Kolawole, Odusote, and Dosunmu Kayode Stephen. "DEVELOPMENT OF CHICKEN FEATHER REINFORCED INSULATION PAPERBOARD FROM WASTE CARTON AND PORTLAND CEMENT." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 16, no. 1 (May 9, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol16iss1pp44-52.
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Cartons and chicken feathers are common wastes which we need to dispose in one way or another. Disposal problems associated with these wastes can be solved by processing them into useful products such as insulation and ceiling boards. In this study, chicken feather reinforced ceiling board was developed from waste carton and Portland cement. The quantity of the chicken feather was kept constant at 10% based on previous findings, while the cement and waste carton contents were varied to produce 5 samples of different compositions. The density of the board was found to range between 337.8 and 700.7 kg/m2, while the thickness swelling ranges between 0.81 and 9.02%. Water absorption values of the samples varied between 7.16 and 24.41%, while the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity values varied from 4.8 - 10.3 N/mm2 and 1.03 - 1.60 GPa, respectively. The values of modulus of rupture ranges between 1.34 and 2.2 MPa while the thermal conductivity of the samples ranges from 0.951 to 1.077 W/m.K. Density, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and thermal conductivity of the samples increased as the cement content increased, while the thickness swelling and water absorption decreased with increase in cement content. The results revealed that the properties of ceiling boards developed from 80% cement, 10% carton and 10% chicken feather can compete favorably with most ceiling boards available in the market.
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Šafarič, Riko, Lidija Fras Zemljič, Miroslav Novak, Bogdan Dugonik, Božidar Bratina, Nenad Gubeljak, Silvester Bolka, and Simona Strnad. "Preparation and Characterisation of Waste Poultry Feathers Composite Fibreboards." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214964.
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The growth of poultry meat production is increasing industrial waste quantities every year. Feathers represent a huge part of the waste, and international directives and restrictions prevent landfilling of such biodegradable materials with high burning values. Furthermore, with their unique properties, poultry waste feathers are already a reliable resource for many byproducts, such as keratin extraction, fibres, hydrogel production, etc., all trying to achieve a high-added value. However, mass reduction of waste feathers into useful applications, such as development of alternative building materials, is also an important aspect. To take advantage of feathers’ thermal insulation capabilities, sound damping, and biodegradability, we worked towards mixing waste feathers with wood residues (wood shavings, dust, and mixed residues) for production of composite fibreboards, comparable to the market’s medium density fibreboards. The emphasis was to evaluate waste poultry feathers as the component of natural insulation composites, along with mixed waste wood residues, to improve their mechanical properties. Various composite fibreboards with different shares of wood and feathers were produced and tested for mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties, and biodegradability, with comparison to typical particle boards on the market. The addition of waste feather fibres into the fibreboards’ structure improved thermal insulation properties, and the biodegradability of fibreboards, but decreased their bending strength. The sound transition acoustic loss results of the presented combination fibreboards with added feathers improved at mid and high frequencies. Finally, production costs are estimated based on small scale laboratory experiments of feather processing (cleaning and drying), with the assumption of cost reduction in cases of large industrial application.
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Gladiy, M. V., Yu F. Melnik, V. G. Kebko, Yu P. Polupan, and I. I. Murzha. "MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF PROCESSING OF POULTRY WASTES AND PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVES: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 51 (March 28, 2018): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.51.41.
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The article highlights different technologies of aviculture wastes recycling, first of all feather raw materials, for fodder purposes, in particular hydrothermal method, extrusion method, thermochemical method, and method of high temperature and high pressure. Hydrothermal method of recycling of meat and bone wastes in the horizontal vacuum boilers has quite satisfactory results, but ineffective in the processing of feather raw materials. More effective methods of raw feathers processing are ones with the use of extrusion process and thermochemical machining, but due to the complexity of processes, large amount of outlay and unsatisfactory sanitary and environmental conditions these technologies are not widely used in manufacturing. European experience of non-waste production and processing of aviculture wastes deserves deeper studying, particularly recycling of raw feathers, by processing method with high temperature and high pressure at continuous technological process and the possibility of using these technologies in the domestic large-scale production at poultry farms of industrial type.
The purpose of the work was to study domestic and foreign advanced technologies of processing of non-food wastes of poultry products and production of high-protein feed additives and to consider the widespread introduction of the most effective ones in domestic manufacture on an industrial scale.
The main wastes of processing of poultry products are gastrointestinal tract and its content, bone frame in the case of deep processing of carcasses, heads, legs, and other expired products, blood and, above all, feather raw materials, which totally constitute 20% of poultry weight. Recycling of meat and bone wastes from poultry slaughtering is carried out in horizontal vacuum boilers (so called Laps boilers), which are mainly used for animal origin wastes at sanitary-veterinary factories, united in association "Ukrvetsanzavod."
The vacuum horizontal boiler for the production of fodder flour from animal raw materials wastes at the sanitary-veterinary utilization factories is a cylindrical metal frame located on stilts, which has a loading manhole and unloading pipes and on the outside of a cylindrical frame – a shell for heating of the frame with pipes for filing and withdrawal of the heat carrier and shaft, which is mounted along the length of the frame, with a mixer, fixed on the ends by bearings. Hot steam is the heat carrier for temperature processing of raw materials, which is supplied directly from the boiler room into the frame shell.
In order to improve horizontal vacuum boiler for producing fodder flour from animal raw material wastes and to reduce its prime cost the special device was designed for its heating by using electricity. To do this on the outside of boiler (for its heating) there is a bullet made of the refractory material with three electric heaters, covered with a layer of insulation.
In our country animal origin feed production has recently decreased, and the price of imported fodder is extremely high due to the reduction in livestock numbers and their processing. At the same time, Ukraine has gained intensive development of the poultry industry, particularly growing the broiler chickens and processing their meat at the large poultry farms of industrial type. Herewith, the substantial amount of non-food wastes from poultry products processing (gastrointestinal tract, bone frame in the case of deep processing of carcasses, dead poultry, blood, feather raw materials etc.) is not used for fodder purposes in many poultry farms. Furthermore, in order to get rid of wastes from poultry and livestock products processing, and instead of organizing high protein feed additives production from them, the technologies of destruction them by burning are developed, which can’t be considered reasonable solution to this problem. It is not only the reason of significant losses of valuable high-protein raw material for animal origin fodder, but also leads to environmental pollution. Therefore, in the conditions of a shortage of animal origin fodder, the use of non-food poultry products processing wastes is not only a great resource saving value, but simultaneously solves some environmental problems.
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El Boushy, A. R., A. F. B. van der Poel, and O. E. D. Walraven. "Feather meal—A biological waste: Its processing and utilization as a feedstuff for poultry." Biological Wastes 32, no. 1 (January 1990): 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90071-y.
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Dmitrieva, Anastasia, Andrey Alexeyenko, Daria Belova, Nina Piskaeva, and Lyubovʼ Tereshchuk. "Streptomyces and Bacillus Keratinases: Properties and Uses." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 50, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 602–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-4-602-615.
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Introduction. Feather waste is a promising source of feed protein. Its chemical composition is a valuable source of nutrients and can become an important component of feed additives. The research objective was to screen bacteria with a high keratinolytic activity and develop a bio-product based on a bacterial consortium in order to recycle complex organic poultry waste, thus reducing the anthropogenic load on the ecosystem.
Study objects and methods. The research featured lyophilized strains of microorganisms provided by State Research Institute “Gosniigenetika” and feather waste provided by Kuzbass Broiler LLC (Russia, Novokuznetsk district). The study involved such advanced bioinformatic methods of data processing as phylogenetic identification of enzymes and InParanoid 8 algorithm for searching orthologous genes. The standard biotechnological methods included an electrophoretic analysis in polyacrylamide gel, an analysis of amino acid composition, a microscopy, and a high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results and discussion. Keratinolytic strains were screened using protein sequence databases. The homologous keratinase strains with homology of more than 98% appeared to belong to the genera Streptomyces and Bacillus. The research helped to identify groups of enzymes that are potentially involved in keratin degradation. The selected enzymes were subjected to a phylogenetic identification based on InParanoid 8, a specialized algorithm of orthologous genes search.
Conclusion. The experiment made it possible to select four strains of microorganisms with maximum enzymatic activity in relation to keratin. These strains included bacteria of the genus Bacillus, namely Bacillus licheniformis B-740, Bacillus pumilus B-508 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, and the bacterium Streptomyces albidoflavus ATCC 25422. These strains were used to create a biocompatible consortium for processing feather waste into a feed additive. The research confirmed the presence of biologically valuable substances in the obtained hydrolysates, as well as the possibility of their use as a high-protein component of feed additives for farm animals.
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Klingaman, Gerald, and G. L. Wheeler. "Use of Poultry Byproducts in a Production System for Greenhouse-grown Crops." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 857F—857. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.857f.
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In 1993, the Arkansas poultry industry produced 1.048 billion broilers with a total live weight of 2.54 million metric tons. Depending on the type of processing used, from 30% to 50% of live weight can end up in the waste stream. Three primary waste-stream products are generated by the poultry industry: feather meal, poultry meal, and bone meal. Feather meal contains ≈14% N, poultry meal 11% N, and bone meal 8% N. Byproduct additions were made to tomato, marigold, and impatiens transplants at the rate of 6, 12, 24 and 48 g/10-cm pot. The two highest rates killed plants outright, while the lower rates resulted in some growth reduction when compared to the control. Studies are under way to further evaluate the use of these byproducts in an organic production system for tomatoes and bedding plants.
10
Salhi, Ahmed, Salah Kaci, and Abderrahim Boudenne. "Development of Bio-Composites Based of Polymer Matrix and Keratin Fibers: Contribution to Poultry Biomass Recycling." Materials Science Forum 714 (March 2012): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.714.237.
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Processing of the poultry feather biomass into useful products presents interesting opportunities of recycling agricultural waste material. According to a chemical process developed in our laboratory, poultry feathers were converted into wool, fibers or powder so as to meet several applications in many fields. Due to of their unique structure and to their physical properties, a suitable molding technique was performed in order to produce composite samples highly filled. The concentration range was varied from 10 to 50% by weight with an increase of 10, because of practical reasons. The morphological, thermophysical and mechanical investigations of polyester matrix filled with several concentrations of the keratin fibers show interesting results.
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Adejumo, Oluseun, Oluwaseun Adetunji, Kunle Ogundipe, and Ndudi Osademe. "Chemical composition and amino acid profile of differently processed feather meal." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 61, no. 3 (2016): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1603237a.
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Feather wastes represent potential alternative ingredients for animal feedstuffs which can ameliorate the protein shortage for food and feed. Previous attempts to provide information about the nutrient composition of feather meal are either too complicated for rural livestock farmers in developing countries or they provided incomplete information on chemical composition. Washed feathers were subjected to different processing techniques such as pre-soaking in distilled water, wood ash, 0.3M NaOH, a mixture of wood ash and 0.3M NaOH, incubated at 37?C and boiled at 150?C for 60 minutes. Treated feather meals were analysed for chemical composition and amino acid profile. The overall result showed that feather meal pre-soaked with wood ash for 24 hr boiled at 150oC for 60 minutes, those pre-soaked with 0.3M NaOH and wood ash incubated at 37?C for 24 hr boiled at 150?C for 60 minutes and raw feather meal pre-soaked in distilled water for 24 hr boiled at 150?C for 60 minutes gave better results. Wood ash and 0.3M NaOH and their mixture could enhance the nutritional value of feather meal.
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Roshna Meeran, A., and V. Nithya. "Implementation of SIFT for detection of electronic waste." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10461.
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The paper focuses on the investigation of image processing of Electronic waste detection and identification in recycling process of all Electronic items. Some of actually collected images of E-wastes would be combined with other wastes. For object matching with scale in-variance the SIFT (Scale -Invariant- Feature Transform) is applied. This method detects the electronic waste found among other wastes and also estimates the amount of electronic waste detected the give set of wastes. The detection of electronics waste by this method is most efficient ways to detect automatically without any manual means.
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Gopinath, Subash C. B., Periasamy Anbu, Thangavel Lakshmipriya, Thean-Hock Tang, Yeng Chen, Uda Hashim, A. Rahim Ruslinda, and M. K. Md Arshad. "Biotechnological Aspects and Perspective of Microbial Keratinase Production." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/140726.
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Keratinases are proteolytic enzymes predominantly active when keratin substrates are available that attack disulfide bridges in the keratin to convert them from complex to simplified forms. Keratinases are essential in preparation of animal nutrients, protein supplements, leather manufacture, textile processing, detergent formulation, feather meal processing for feed and fertilizer, the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, and waste management. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a method for continuous production of keratinase from reliable sources that can be easily managed. Microbial keratinase is less expensive than conventionally produced keratinase and can be obtained from fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes. In this overview, the expansion of information about microbial keratinases and important considerations in keratinase production are discussed.
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Rao*, Juluri, John Moore, and Andrew Stewart. "Production of Environmentally Safe and Sustainable Compost-based Fertilizer Products from Horticultural and Farm Wastes." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 750D—750. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.750d.
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The EU Regional Draft Waste Management Plan (1999-2004) identified pig slurry (501,590 tonnes), poultry manure (217,110 tonnes) and spent mushroom compost (221,665 tonnes) as the main contributors to the 3.5 million tonnes of waste generated annually in Ireland. Current legislative restrictions prevent pig wastes from intensive pig units and horticultural wastes mainly spent compost produced in mushroom farms being disposed via landspreading due to pollution threat from nutrient run-off and the health hazards due to animal and human risk pathogen contents in wastes. Composting is a world-wide popular option for environmentally sustainable means of recycling farm wastes. In Ireland, profitable conversion of farm wastes such as pig slurry solids and spent mushroom compost has not yet been fully explored for their economic viability as `green' fertilizers. In this study, we produced pelleted formulations of the composted pig waste solids, (20%) blended with spent mushroom compost (26%), turkey litter (26%) cocoa husks (18%) and shredded paper (10%) to an environmentally safe, organic-based fertiliser resulting in N:P:K = 3:5:10, ideally suitable for use on amenity grassland such as golf course fairways and greens in Ireland, wherein spring and summer fertilizers with slow release of nutrients would aid an even growth of grass. We describe the composting methods used, processing technology developed and additional amendments such as dried blood or feather meal that were used during the pelletisation operation yielding specific N:P:K target ratios from the pig manure and spent compost wastes. We also report on the rigorous microbiological tests carried out throughout the composting phase and ascertained the pathogen-free status of the final pelletised fertilser products.
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Agrahari, Sarita, and Neeraj Wadhwa. "Degradation of Chicken Feather a Poultry Waste Product by Keratinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Dumping Site at Ghazipur Poultry Processing Plant." International Journal of Poultry Science 9, no. 5 (April 15, 2010): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2010.482.489.
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Kuzin, R., S. N. Brykin, and T. Tairov. "SOURCES OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN LEACH PLANTS PROCESSING URANIUM ORES." Fine Chemical Technologies 11, no. 5 (October 28, 2016): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2016-11-5-21-25.
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A distinctive feature of enterprises for extracting and processing uranium ore is the inevitable pollution by solid, liquid and gaseous waste. The amount of radioactive waste (RW) is most significant in the nuclear fuel cycle. In spite of its relatively low activity it is the major contributor to the formation of radiation hazards to the people and environment. The radioactivity of uranium ores and of their processing waste is due to natural radionuclides of uranium (238U and 235U) and thorium (232Th) radioactive decay chains.
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Janas, Monika, and Alicja Zawadzka. "Neutralization of poultry waste by thermohydrolysis in near-critical water." Acta Innovations, no. 30 (January 1, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.30.3.
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The main problem occurring during poultry and animal production is the management of waste generated in slaughterhouses and poultry processing plants. These wastes, due to the bacteriological threat and the difficulty in storage, adversely affect all elements of the environment and thus require quick neutralization. The prospective method of liquidation of this type of waste is thermohydrolysis in near-critical water. The aim of the work was to examine the decomposition of poultry waste, i.e. waste blood, soft tissues, chicken heads, feathers, subjected to the process of thermohydrolysis in near-critical water. The decomposition process was carried out at a pressure of 10 MPa in the temperature range of 120°C - 250°C and with a variable residence time in the reactor. Detailed analysis of the results allowed us to state that the longer the residence time in the reactor, the higher the content of soluble organic compounds in the liquid phase. The beneficial effect of applying the thermohydrolysis process on the increased reduction of organic substances present in the investigated wastes was also demonstrated.
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Sivakumar, Venkatasubramanian, and Resmi Mohan. "Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Leather and Textile Industry." Textile & leather review 3, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2020.04.
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Proper disposal methods and solid waste management are necessary for all the processing industries such as leather, textile and chemical industry. In this regard, the present paper reviews in detail about the leather and textile waste fibre-polymer composites and nanocomposites as a viable solid waste management strategy. In the paper, several published papers and patents available in this area are reviewed in detail. This approach adopts confinement of leather or textile waste fibres in a polymer matrix as a composite. Nanocomposites of leather waste fibre and polymer with nano-particle reinforcement have been reported to have enhanced physical and other properties. This would not only solve the problem of the disposal issue regarding leather solid wastes containing leather or textile waste fibres, but also provide versatile composite or nanocomposite materials as “Wealth from Waste Approach”. The unique feature of the present analysis and the review paper is that both leather and textile waste management have been covered in the present approach for the first time.
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Svitzov, Aleksey A., Svetlana I. Ilyina, Sergey V. Ivanov, and Boris V. Saltykov. "An Analysis of Modern Methods for Processing Vat Residues at NPPs." Vestnik MEI 1, no. 1 (2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-1-39-43.
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To date, more than 600 thousand m3 of liquid radioactive waste has been accumulated at Russian nuclear power plants (NPPs). In addition to radioactive components, they contain a large amount of mineral salts, organic matter, oil products, and suspensions. The problem of overfilling the storage facilities for liquid waste at some NPPs is critical and has to be solved urgently. The article presents modern methods for processing vat residues and the existing prerequisites for modernizing ion-selective purification plants, which are based on the results of research works carried out by various teams. A technological analysis of the methods for evaporation and ion-selective purification of vat residues with identified shortcomings of individual stages of the technologies is carried out. Decontamination of secondary products of liquid radioactive waste processing implies the possibility of subsequently separating valuable components for reusing them. Their decontamination is necessary, since these wastes are essentially high-salt solutions with a specific activity of 106-107 Bq/l contaminated with fission products, radionuclides of corrosion origin, and various substances used to decontaminate the equipment and maintain the water chemistry. It is proposed to apply the electrodialysis method for separating a multicomponent solution of the decontaminated NPP vat residue and to use the obtained products at the plant. Owing to the partial extraction of valuable components from decontaminated vat residues, it becomes possible to reduce the amount of waste and return the separated substances into the main process cycle, thereby reducing the expenditures for initial reagents. To implement the developed technology for component-wise separation of the initial solution, a laboratory electrodialysis facility was manufactured. The project implementation feature was that in dealing with boric acid salts, it is necessary to take into account the danger of their precipitation at certain pH values. It was found that to minimize the escape of boric components, the process should be conducted at low pH values, i.e., the solution should be acidified with the nitric acid obtained in the process. The obtained study results can be used to modernize the cementation plants.
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STEPANOV, Sergey V., Olga S. PONOMARENKO, Pavel P. AVDEENKOV, Andrey V. BELYAKOV, Aleksandr S. STEPANOV, and Julia V. RUZANOVA. "ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER FROM FISH PROCESSING ENTERPRISES." Urban construction and architecture 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2021.02.05.
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A distinctive feature of waste water of fi sh processing enterprises is the high content of organic substances: COD - 620-3500 mg/L, BOD-220-2860 mg/L. The ratio of BOD:COD=0.68-0.83 in the waste water of fi sh processing enterprises shows a high potential for the use of biological treatment methods. Further study requires the removal of biogenic elements, because, for example, for a fi sh cannery, the ratio of BOD:N:P=100:3.79:1.08 and 100:4.77:0.57. This article presents the experience of design, construction, start-up and adjustment of sewage treatment facilities of a fi sh processing enterprise. For wastewater treatment, the following scheme was developed and manufactured by the ECOLOS company: a receiving well with a basket, a drum grate, a horizontal grease trap, an homogenizer, a reagent pressure fl otation unit, a membrane bioreactor, and ultraviolet disinfection. The quality of waste water at the outlet of the treatment facilities meets the requirements of the Normative- permissible discharge provided by LLC «Russkaya Treska».
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Murzha, I. I., V. G. Кеbkо, Yu P. Polupan, M. G. Porhun, L. O. Dedova, and I. M. Zazulya. "LIVE WEIGHT, SAFETY, SLAUGHTER YIELD AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS WHEN FED WITH COMBINED BLOOD-FEATHER FEED ADDITIVE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 56 (December 4, 2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.56.09.
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Introduction. In recent years, the production of feed additives of animal origin in Ukraine has declined sharply, and the cost of imported additives is very high. At the same time, in our country, the industry of industrial poultry farming has recently received intensive development, in particular, the cultivation and processing of broiler chickens for meat. At the same time, a significant amount of non-food waste from poultry slaughter in many poultry farms is not processed for feed purposes.
Currently, an urgent problem is the organization of processing of non-food waste of poultry for feed purposes at poultry farms of industrial type of cultivation for meat of broiler chickens, primarily from blood and hydrolyzed raw materials. Processing of these wastes for feed purposes will not only give the opportunity to increase the production of high-grade protein feed, but also to significantly improve environmental safety.
The purpose of our research is to study the meat productivity, safety, slaughter yield and quality of broiler chicken meat when feeding a combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed raw materials.
Materials and methods of research. Development of an innovative technological line for the production of a combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed raw materials was carried out in LLC "Complex Agromars" (village of Havrylivka, Vyshgorod district of Kyiv region), and research on the effectiveness of feeding a combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed raw materials was performed in the production conditions of LLC "Bila Hora" Sniatynskyi district of Ivano-Frankivsk region.
Research result. Development of innovative technological line was carried out in cooperation with engineering and technical staff of LLC "Complex Agromars". The innovative technological line is designed and installed using devices and mechanisms of the company "Haarslev Industries".
In order to study the effectiveness of feeding a combined blood-feather feed additive for the experiment, four groups of broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross were formed, 50 heads in each, according to the following scheme: one group of broiler chickens was taken as a control group, and the next three groups – as research groups.
Cultivation of broiler chickens in the experiment was carried out according to the traditional technology of feeding on standard compound feeds adopted in industrial broiler poultry farming, which, depending on the age and growth of chickens, includes 3 phases: "Start" – 14 days, "Growth" – 18 days, "Finish" – 12 days.
According to the scheme of experience, the control group of chickens received standard feed without blood-feather feed additive. The difference in feeding of the broiler chickens of the experimental groups was in different levels of feeding with experimental combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed feather raw materials, which, depending on the age and growth of chickens, included in the feed of the I group from 4 to 12%, of the II group – from 3 to 10%, of the III group – from 2 to 8%.
As a result of the studies it was found that at the end of the experiment at 44-day age the average live weight of broiler chickens of the control group was 2630 g, of the experimental group I – 2885 g, of the group II –2790 g, of the group III – 2680 g.
For 44 days of experience the following amounts died: in the control group – 2 chickens, in the experimental group I – 1 chicken, in the group II – no chickens, in the group III – 1 chicken.
Slaughter of broiler chickens and meat tasting was carried out in the company "Bilyi Bereh" of Ternopil region at the age of 44 days.
It was established that the average slaughter yield of 1 carcass of broiler chicken meat was: in the control group – 1920, in the experimental group I – 2106 g, in the group II – 2037 g, in the group III – 1956 g.
The difference in quality of meat of broiler chickens of control and experimental groups by results of tasting was not revealed.
Summary:
In LLC "Complex Agromars" (village of Havrylivka, Vyshgorod district of Kyiv region) designed and implemented an innovative technological line for production of ecologically safe combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed feather raw materials from non-food waste slaughter of broiler chickens when growing for meat.
In the course of scientific and economic experiment it was found that the inclusion in the standard traditional feed in different phases of cultivation of broiler chickens for meat of about 4 to 12% of the combined feed additive from blood and hydrolyzed feather raw materials increased their average live weight from 2630g in the control group to 2885 g, and the average slaughter yield of 1 meat carcass – from 1920 g in the control group to 2106 g.
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Grakhov, Valery, Ulyana Simakova, Sergei Mohnachev, Yulia Kislyakova, and Evgeniya Grakhova. "Project specifics for the construction of a municipal solid waste treatment plant." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127405004.
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Environmental trends and growing tendency to think about ecology play an important role in the development of modern industry. Significant role in this field takes a construction of plants for the processing of municipal solid waste, contributing to the neutralization of the harmful effects by different waste. This article represents development and stages of project implementation for the plant OOO «Kamskoye» that works with solid municipal waste in the city of Chaykovsky, Perm Territory. Investment efficiency of the construction of this facility was calculated. A model of interaction between business and government bodies, which regulate investment to waste disposal projects, is presented. The main structural elements of construction of a plant for processing municipal solid waste are shown. The project was developed using a public-private partnership model. The implementation of the project will ensure the production of secondary raw materials for its further use as an alternative source of heat and electricity generation, as well as the use of products necessary for the market in the production process. The main feature and advantage of the project is the possibility of using a principle «waste to income», which allows to provide your production with energy resources from reusable waste.
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Alashkevich, Yuriy Davydovich, Robert Zus'evich Pen, Natal'ya Viktorovna Karetnikova, Larisa Valer'yevna Chendylova, Viktor Anatol'yevich Kozhukhov, and Ivan Andreyevich Voronin. "THE CONVERSION OF THE MOISTURE-STABILITY WASTE-PAPERS WITH POLYMERIC COVERING. 2. CHAR-ACTERISTIC OF THE WASTE PAPER." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020025638.
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Influence of the thermochemical processing (the cook) conditions and of the milling on characteristic of the waste paper with polyurethan and polyaziridin was studied. The waste paper was reduced to the degree size of the particles 5...8 mm in mill of the dry grind and chemical processing under higher temperature (to 70 °C) by solution, contain sodium persulfate and hydroxide; duty of water 6. Duration of cook varied from 1 to 5 hours, expense of persulfate sodium varied from 2 to 12%, hydroxide sodium – from 0.5 to 3% from mass of the waste-papers. The secondary fiber was obtaining by breaking-up of the pulp in the hydropulper. The dependency of the length and factor of the form of the secondary fiber from conditions cook was absent. The slight width increasing of the fibers with the higher pH of cooking liquor was determined: from 26.5 мкм under pH 3–4 to 29 мкм under pH 8–9. The conjectural reason is swelling of the cell wall. The waste paper milling was executed in the «stream-barrier» machine. The strength properties of the paper correspond with the feature, inherent of the secondary pulp.
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Hussain, Z., A. Sardar, K. M. Khan, M. Y. Naz, S. A. Sulaiman, and S. Shukrullah. "Construction of Rechargeable Protein Battery from Mixed-Waste Processing of Fish Scales and Chicken Feathers." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 5 (December 6, 2018): 2129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0535-z.
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Sholihah, Fitri Awaliyatush, Andi Normaladewi, and Prayitno Tri Laksono. "Pengolahan Plastik Bekas Menjadi Bantal Hias Di Desa Ngempit Kecamatan Kraton Kabupaten Pasuruan." JIPEMAS: Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jipemas.v2i1.1640.
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Plastic waste that can threaten the environment is increasingly overflowing in many areas. Therefore, this program is aimed to utilize waste banks by processing plastic waste into decorative pillows in Ngempit village, Kraton, Pasuruan in collaboration with the Community Information Group Surya Harapan and Etza Accesories. This program not only save the environment, but it also produces decorative pillow products which can also be a feature product of the village, so that this program indirectly can develop the creative economy of the people in Ngempit village. The method applied in this partnership program is counseling, training, demonstration and assistance. The results of the community partnership program are counseling and training on processing plastic waste into decorative pillows, counseling on marketing strategies, counseling on determination of selling price, as well as demonstration or practice of producing decorative pillow made from plastic waste with special designs, which are pictures and words in English. Finally, as a starting point, the product has been marketed at Surya Madani Business Enterprise in Ngempit village
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Wen, Xiao Qing, Xing Yong Gu, and Ting Luo. "Processing of High-Quartz Porcelain Tile with Large Yellow Sand." Key Engineering Materials 655 (July 2015): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.655.244.
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In this study, the yellow sand waste with enormous reserves in the Inner Mongolia Tengger desert was taken as the main raw material mixed with the same regional clays for the infrared functional low-temperature porcelained tile. The mineral composition and granule feature of Tengri yellow sand as well as the micro-structure and infrared property of the fired body were discussed by the means of various testing such as the grain fineness distribution analysis, the XRD diffraction analysis, the SEM scanning electron microscope analysis, the coefficient of thermal expansion measure and the infrared performance detection. The results revealed that the natural mineral could be replaced by the yellow sand waste in large for preparing the environmental protection functional porcelained ceramics with favorable properties. The flexural strength of porcelained tiles sintered at 1140°C~1160°Ckeeps from 40 to 55Mpa when the high addition of yellow sand varies 75wt% to 90wt%. And the body is composed of high quartz as the main phase and little wollastonite phase which meets with the thermal shock resistant standard of the present architectural material .
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Liu, Yuanjun, and Xiaoming Zhao. "Preparation of a Cationic Environment-friendly Fixing Agent." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (December 31, 2017): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5378.
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Initially waste feather protein was used to prepare a reactive cationic crosslinking modified agent, WLS, as a starting material which was used to prepare a quaternary ammonium type cationic environment-friendly fixing agent (named WLSPR) for dyeing cotton fabric with reactive dyes after solid colour processing. In this paper, the degree of staining on white cloth from colored cloth after a soaping process was assessed (by determination of the K/S value) as well as the washing fastness etc. as the evaluation indices. The optimum synthetic conditions of fixing agent WLSPR were determined, and the structure and properties of the additives characterised. The results show that the maximum absorption wavelength of the cationic protein fixing agent WLSPR is 195nm. Synthesis of the environment-friendly fixing agent WLSPR using optimum conditions can reduce white staining during soap washing , effectively improving the cotton fabric in terms of colour fastness to washing and rubbing fastness. Based on infrared spectral characterisation, it was confirmed that the protein-based cationic auxiliary additives were synthesised.
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Khardenavis, Anshuman A., Atya Kapley, and Hemant J. Purohit. "Processing of poultry feathers by alkaline keratin hydrolyzing enzyme from Serratia sp. HPC 1383." Waste Management 29, no. 4 (April 2009): 1409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.009.
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Li, Lihong, Haijiang Wang, and Lei An. "Research on recognition of coal and gangue based on image processing." World Journal of Engineering 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.3.247.
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In order to avoid the waste of water resources and environmental pollution caused by separating coal and gangue in the traditional methods, a novel method based on image processing is proposed in this paper. Firstly the image of coal or gangue is preprocessed. Then the mean value of gray histogram is extracted which serves as the statistical feature value to initially recognize coal and gangue. Then the textural feature is extracted from the image which is based on an adaptive window of texture analysis. The adaptive window size is determined by the contrast texture feature parameter. The adaptive window of texture analysis can improve the discriminability of coal and gangue. This method not only considers the image’s gray feature but also utilizes the image’s spatial information, so the recognition precision is improved. This method provides new ideas for dry separation technology.
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Klavins, Maris, Valdis Bisters, and Juris Burlakovs. "Small Scale Gasification Application and Perspectives in Circular Economy." Environmental and Climate Technologies 22, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2018-0003.
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Abstract Gasification is the process converting solid fuels as coal and organic plant matter, or biomass into combustible gas, called syngas. Gasification is a thermal conversion process using carbonaceous fuel, and it differs substantially from other thermal processes such as incineration or pyrolysis. The process can be used with virtually any carbonaceous fuel. It is an endothermic thermal conversion process, with partial oxidation being the dominant feature. Gasification converts various feedstock including waste to a syngas. Instead of producing only heat and electricity, synthesis gas produced by gasification may be transformed into commercial products with higher value as transport fuels, fertilizers, chemicals and even to substitute natural gas. Thermo-chemical conversion of biomass and solid municipal waste is developing as a tool to promote the idea of energy system without fossil fuels to a reality. In municipal solid waste management, gasification does not compete with recycling, moreover it enhances recycling programs. Pre-processing and after-processing must increase the amount of recyclables in the circular economy. Additionally, end of life plastics can serve as an energy feedstock for gasification as otherwise it cannot be sorted out and recycled. There is great potential for application of gasification technology within the biomass waste and solid waste management sector. Industrial self-consumption in the mode of combined heat and power can contribute to sustainable economic development within a circular economy.
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Ma, Tingtian, Wenhua Ye, Sheng Leng, and Miaomiao Chen. "Solid waste surface feature enhancement method based on gamma correction and wavelet transform." Signal, Image and Video Processing 15, no. 7 (April 11, 2021): 1627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-021-01898-2.
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Elizaryev, Alexey, Natalia Kostryukova, Irina Vdovina, Evelina Riianova, Anna Melnikova, and Albina Sadykova. "Low-waste production of pectin from beet pulp." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020304012.
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The aim of the research work is to develop a method for processing beet pulp – a waste of sugar production. The study proposes a method for extracting pectin from beet pulp with a solution of weak citric acid. Characteristics of beet pulp such as total acidity, pH value, total sugar, carbon, nitrogen, volatile matter, hydrogen, fixed carbon, ash content have been determined. The pectin was extracted. To achieve the highest yield of pectin, the extraction conditions are optimized. The physical and chemical characteristics of the obtained pectin have been determined: the degree of esterification, color parameters, the methoxyl component, water activity, identification of pectin using infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform. The torrefaction of pectin extraction waste to obtain biofuel was carried out. A feature of the proposed method is its low waste, since the waste of sugar production is used as a raw material, and weak and cheap citric acid is used as an extractant. The obtained pectin (the output of pectin was 21 ... 29%) can be used in the food industry (as a stabilizer, gelling agent, thickener).
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Beydoun, Kassem, and Jürgen Klankermayer. "Cover Feature: Efficient Plastic Waste Recycling to Value‐Added Products by Integrated Biomass Processing (ChemSusChem 3/2020)." ChemSusChem 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201903481.
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Minaki, Kazushi, Koichi Kitajima, Yu Nakahira, K. Minaki, Moriyasu Izawa, and Katsuji Tosha. "Improvement of Surface Texture of Stainless Steel by Utilizing Dry Blasting - 3rd Report: Effect of Blasted Texture on Adhesion of Plating -." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.353.
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Recently, wet blasting is generally used such as liquid honing and water jet machining in surface before plating of stainless steel. The outstanding feature of wet blasting is to prevent generation of static electric charge, to use micro abrasive grain, and to have cushioning for workpiece. On the other hand, the disadvantage of wet blasting is to generate corrosion of equipment and liquid waste under processing. Moreover, the using abrasive grain is available on a limited basis. In particular, improvement disposal of liquid waste under processing is crucial in the near future. This paper makes proposal for improvement of surface texture by utilizing dry blasting, and it conducts improvement of surface texture about martensite stainless steel (SUS420J2 In JIS), which is used in material for scale. In the previous report, it has been cleared that relationship between surface texture and wettability. In this report, adhesion of plating was measured by scratch test. As a result, it was cleared that availability of adhesion evaluation by utilizing wettability.
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Minaki, Kazushi, Koichi Kitajima, K. Minaki, Moriyasu Izawa, and Katsuji Tosha. "Improvement of Surface Texture of Stainless Steel by Utilizing Dry Blasting - 2nd Report: Effect of Blasting Conditions on Wettability -." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.265.
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Recently, wet blasting is generally used such as liquid honing and water jet machining in surface before plating of stainless steel. The outstanding feature of wet blasting is to prevent generation of static electric charge, to use micro abrasive grain, and to have cushioning for workpiece. On the other hand, the disadvantage of wet blasting is to generate corrosion of equipment and liquid waste under processing. Moreover, the using abrasive grain is available on a limited basis. In particular, improvement disposal of liquid waste under processing is crucial in the near future. This paper makes proposal for improvement of surface texture by utilizing dry blasting, and it conducts improvement of surface texture about martensite stainless steel (SUS420J2 In JIS), which is used in material for scale applications. As a result, it is cleared that relationship between surface texture and blasting conditions. Furthermore, based on these results, it reports relationship between surface texture and wettability.
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Döpper, Stephanie. "Ground stone tools from the copper production site Al-Khashbah, Sultanate of Oman." Journal of Lithic Studies 7, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.3082.
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Archaeological research at Al-Khashbah, Sultanate of Oman, conducted by the University of Tübingen, revealed a large Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BCE) site. During the intensive surface survey and excavations, several ground stone tools were found. Most of them came from the vicinity of monumental stone and mud-brick structures, so-called towers, and are clearly connected to copper-processing waste such as slag, furnace fragments and prills, i.e., droplets of molten copper. Therefore, it is assumed that these ground stone tools were used within the operational procedures of copper-processing. Interestingly, only the monumental towers from the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE, i.e., the Hafit period, feature larger quantities of ground stone tools as well as copper processing waste. Towers from the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE, i.e., the Umm an-Nar period, have none. Within the scope of this paper, the distribution of the different types of ground stone tools in Al-Khashbah as well as their find context will be presented. They are illustrated with drawings generated from 3D models created using digital photography processed with the software Agisoft Photoscan. Comparisons with other 3rd millennium BCE sites in Eastern Arabia show that there as well, copper-processing remains are often associated with ground stone tools. The overall variety of types seems to be rather homogeneous in the region.
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Shestakova, Anna, Svetlana Timorshina, and Alexander Osmolovskiy. "Biodegradation of Keratin-Rich Husbandry Waste as a Path to Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168691.
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Every year, the size of the human population grows; with it, the need for agricultural products increases. This leads to an increment in the volume of waste, including hard-to-degrade keratin-rich ones, such as feathers. Currently, most of the agro-industrial complex protein by-products are utilized by incineration, landfilling, and chemical hydrolysis. Such methods do not meet modern trends in the development of a sustainable economy, negatively affecting the environment and humans, and preventing the reusing of waste. An alternative is biodegradation, which consists of the application of living organisms and their enzymes to recycle by-products. This approach is not only sustainable, but also makes it possible to obtain products of waste hydrolysis that are in demand for the manufacture of fertilizers and feed additives. This brings the development of agriculture closer to a circular economy and makes the recycling process more profitable. This review article emphasizes the significance of keratinolytic microorganisms and keratinases for the improvement of green methods for processing hard-to-degrade protein waste of the agro-industrial complex, which is necessary for sustainable economic development.
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Collins, George, and Donald J. Rej. "Plasma Processing of Advanced Materials." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 8 (August 1996): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400035673.
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A plasma, commonly referred to as the “fourth state of matter,” is an ensemble of randomly moving charged particles with a sufficient particle density to remain, on average, electrically neutral. While their scientific study dates from the 19th century, plasmas are ubiquitous, comprising more than 99% of the known material universe. The term “plasma” was first coined in the 1920s by Irving Langmuir at the General Electric Company after the vague resemblance of a filamented glow discharge to a biological plasma.Plasmas are studied for many reasons. Physicists analyze the collective dynamics of ions and electron ensembles, utilizing principals of classical electromagnetics, and fluid and statistical mechanics, to better understand astrophysical, solar, and ionospheric phenomenon, and in applied problems such as thermonuclear fusion. Electrical engineers use plasmas to develop efficient lighting, and high-power electrical switchgear, and for magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) power conversion. Aerospace engineers apply plasmas for attitude adjustment and electric propulsion of satellites. Chemists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists routinely use plasmas in reactive ion etching and sputter deposition. These methods are commonplace in microelec tronics since they allow synthesis of complex material structures with submicron feature sizes. A substantial portion of the multi-billion-dollar market for tooling used to manufacture semiconductors employs some form of plasma process. When compared with traditional wet-chemistry techniques, these dry processes result in minimal waste generation. Plasmas are also useful in bulk processing—for example as thermal sprays for melting materials.While the quest for controlled thermonuclear fusion dominated much of plasma research in the 1960s and 1970s, in the last 20 years it has been the application of plasmas to materials processing that has provided new challenges for many plasma practitioners. It is not surprising that the guest editors and several of the authors for this issue of MRS Bulletin come from a fusion plasma-physics background.
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Golik, V. I., Yu V. Dmitrak, Yu I. Razorenov, S. A. Maslennikov, and V. I. Lyashenko. "Mechanochemical technology of iron extraction from enrichment tailings." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 4 (June 4, 2021): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-4-282-291.
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The article describes the results of studies on ore dressing waste processing at the enterprises of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly with production of metals and building materials. About 1.8 billion tons of tailings were stored there. Significant feature of deposits formation is division of tailings by size and specific gravity in water stream, since tailings are transported from the enrichment plant to the tailing dams by hydrotransport. Characteristics of the tailings from wet magnetic research method was applied, including system analysis and scientific generalization, data processing using methods of statistics, probability theory and mathematical modeling. The authors have systematized the results of tailings leaching of following types: agitation leaching in percolator, agitation leaching after activation in disintegrator in the dry state and reagent leaching in disintegrator. Regression analysis of experimental data have been carried out, on the basis of which graphs of dependence of iron extraction on the values of variable process factors were constructed. The used enrichment technologies are limited by extraction limit, which results in processing tailings. The use of these tailings by traditional technologies is not economically efficient, and upgrading of enrichment processes is advisable using hydrometallurgical and chemical technologies. Promising direction in metals extraction from mining waste is combination of processing technologies based on possibilities of both chemical enrichment and activation in disintegrator. It was determined that mechanochemical activation of tailings in disintegrator simultaneously with leaching can significantly increase extraction while the processing time is reduced hundredfold. Recommended technology may be in demand at mining enterprises with the prospect of transition to underground mining.
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TADTIYANANT, C., J. J. LYONS, and J. M. VANDEPOPULIERE. "Extrusion Processing Used to Convert Dead Poultry, Feathers, Eggshells, Hatchery Waste, and Mechanically Deboned Residue into Feedstuffs for Poultry." Poultry Science 72, no. 8 (August 1993): 1515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0721515.
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Shan, Dong Ri, Xiu Hua Men, and Hai Ming Xin. "Sorting Batteries from Waste Paper Based on Invariant Moments and Fractal Dimension." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.792.
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In this paper a new method is proposed for intelligent sort of battery from waste paper based on Invariant Moments and Fractal Dimension (IMFD). In IMFD, a new distinctive feature that based on the edge contours is extracted to describe the target picture. At first invariant moments technique is used to extract Hus seven moments as the global descriptors from the target image. Then the fractal dimensions are extracted as local invariant descriptors by using Fractal Dimension. At last, a combing descriptor is built according the distinctive feature, which combines the global descriptor and the local descriptor together. The features are highly distinctive, and can be matched with high probability against a large database of features. The practical tests performed in this article show that the proposed method has a significant effect on increasing the stability, the accuracy of classification, and also can effectively against the huge-information during the image processing.
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Avdiyuk, K. V., V. A. Ivanytsia, and L. D. Varbanets. "Screening of Enzyme Producers with Keratinase Activity among Marine Actinobacteria." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 2 (April 17, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.02.012.
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About 2 million tons of feathers are produced annually around the world as a by-product of poultry farming. Due to the lack of funds and the complexity of processing, they have become one of the main environmental pollutants. The biodegradation of feathers by keratinolytic microorganisms has proven to be an effective, environmentally friendly and cost-effective method of bioconverting feather waste into a nutritious, balanced and easily digestible product that contains free amino acids, peptides and ammonium ions. Aim. To investigate the ability of marine actinobacteria to synthesize enzymes with keratinolytic activity and to study some of the physicochemical properties of the most active enzyme preparation. The object of the study was 10 strains of actinobacteria isolated from bottom sediments in the area of the Pradneprovsky trench of the Black Sea shelf. Methods. Caseinolytic (general proteolytic) activity was determined by the Anson method modified by Petrova, based on the quantitative determination of tyrosine, which is formed during the enzymatic hydrolysis of casein. Keratinase activity was determined by UV absorption at 280 nm of the hydrolysis products of keratin-containing raw materials. The cultivation of actinobacteria was carried out in a liquid nutrient medium with the addition of defatted chicken feathers as the main source of carbon and nitrogen. Results. The ability to hydrolyze keratin was found in five cultures. Moreover, all the strains studied were practically unable to break down casein. The Acty 9 strain (12 U/ml) showed the highest keratinase activity. Additional introduction of NaCl to the nutrient medium did not have a positive effect on the enzymes synthesis. The study of the physicochemical properties of the enzyme preparation Acty 9 showed that the pH and thermooptimum were 9.0 and 60°C, respectively. It retained 100% of the initial activity in the range of pH 7.0–10.0 after 3 h and 95% activity at pH 8.0 after 24 h of incubation. The studied enzyme preparation was thermostable, since it remained active for 3 h at 50°C and 1 h at 60°C. Conclusions. The extracellular keratinase synthesized by actinobacterium Acty 9 is promising for further research, since the enzyme is pH and thermostable and is not inferior in its physicochemical properties to those previously described in the literature.
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Pereira, Nilson Casimiro, Mauro Cesar Terence, D. F. Bruzadin, G. J. M. Fechine, Leila F. de Miranda, and Renato Meneghetti Peres. "Study of Modification of PP/EPDM Compounds by Ultraviolet and Gamma Radiation Using Recycled Polypropylene Collected after EPDM Waste Processing as Raw Materials." Defect and Diffusion Forum 354 (June 2014): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.354.49.
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As the polypropylene resin of high consumption, has as a consequence, the same feature among the resins most discarded after use. This generates high amount of waste in landfills, causing environmental problems, because the polypropylene presents difficulty in the short term, degradation by micro-organisms in the trash. Thus, this resin recycling proposals are always welcome, raising the possibility of reuse, and reducing the concentration of the landfills, thereby helping to minimize the negative effects of its disposal on the environment. Some manufacturers of rubber products, using as raw materials EPDM, report that are discarded after processing the waste, largely in landfills. Thus, the proposed reuse of byproduct, also will not contribute to the degradation of the environment. The aim of this work was to produce compositions (mixtures) with different concentrations of polypropylene and EPDM recycled materials, and evaluate the effect of ultraviolet and gamma radiation, rheological properties, thermal, mechanical and morphological, of the composites. The compounds obtained showed that waste rubber modified thermoplastic properties of polypropylene when irradiated by both UV radiation, such as gamma radiation.Comparing the hardness and impact tests, it was observed that the values decreased with respect to the material not irradiated (UV or gamma). This effect is due mainly to the presence of the EPDM rubber, because the PP when subjected to gamma radiation or UV at low doses has an increase in mechanical properties.
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Abbas, A. H., M. Fadhil, Mohmd Shiraz Aris, A. B. A. Ibrahim, and Mohammed Termzy Nor Aniza. "A Non-Isothermal Thermo Gravimetric Kinetic Analysis of Malaysian Poultry-Processing-Dewatered-Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 970 (June 2014): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.217.
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Poultry processing dewatered sludge which consisting of trimmings, fat, feathers and liquid discharges from processing slaughtered chicken is typically land filled in specialized sites. It is a costly process to manage and if not handled according to stringent procedures can be harmful to the surrounding environment. The use of this waste material as an alternative fuel can be an effective solution, as it not only contributes as an energy source but also solves environmental issues related to poultry sludge disposal. Combustion, gasification and pyrolysis are efficient techniques of utilizing energy effectively from poultry sludge. The performances of mathematical models to predict the product gas quality is rely on characterization of feed materials as well as the reaction kinetics of their thermal degradation. The aim of this study is to determine selected physical and chemical properties of poultry sludge associated with thermochemical conversion. Thermogravimetric analyses were performed at heating rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40 K/min in an air (oxidizing) atmosphere. The parameters of the reaction kinetics such as activation energy and reaction order were obtained by the application of OzawaFlynn Wall and Vyazovkin kinetic models.
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Dong, Weihang, Xiaolei Guo, Yong Hu, Jinxin Wang, and Guangjun Tian. "Discrete wavelet transformation and genetic algorithm – back propagation neural network applied in monitoring woodworking tool wear conditions in the milling operation spindle power signals." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 2369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2369-2384.
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Tool wear conditions monitoring is an important mechanical processing system that can improve the processing quality of wood plastic composite furniture and reduce industrial energy consumption. An appropriate signal, feature extraction method, and model establishment method can effectively improve the accuracy of tool wear monitoring. In this work, an effective method based on discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) and genetic algorithm (GA) – back propagation (BP) neural network was proposed to monitor the tool wear conditions. The spindle power signals under different spindle speeds, depths of milling, and tool wear conditions were collected by power sensors connected to the machine tool control box. Based on the feature extraction method, the approximate coefficients of spindle power signal were extracted by DWT. Then, the extracted approximate coefficients, spindle speeds, depths of milling, and tool wear conditions were taken as samples to train the monitoring model. Threshold and weight of BP neural network were optimized by GA, and the accuracy of monitoring model established by the GA – BP neural network can reach 100%. Thus, the proposed monitoring method can accurately monitor tool wear conditions with different milling parameters, which can achieve the purpose of improving the processing quality of wood plastic composite furniture and reducing energy consumption.
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Žnidaršič-Plazl, Polona. "Let the Biocatalyst Flow." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2020.6488.
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Industrial biocatalysis has been identified as one of the key enabling technologies that, together with the transition to continuous processing, offers prospects for the development of cost-efficient manufacturing with high-quality products and low waste generation. This feature article highlights the role of miniaturized flow reactors with free enzymes and cells in the success of this endeavor with recent examples of their use in single or multiphase reactions. Microfluidics-based droplets enable ultrahigh-throughput screening and rapid biocatalytic process development. The use of unique microreactor configurations ensures highly efficient contacting of multiphase systems, resulting in process intensification and avoiding problems encountered in conventional batch processing. Further integration of downstream units offers the possibility of biocatalyst recycling, contributing to the cost-efficiency of the process. The use of environmentally friendly solvents supports effective reaction engineering, and thus paves the way for these highly selective catalysts to drive sustainable production.
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Dieckmann, Elena, Leila Sheldrick, Mike Tennant, Rupert Myers, and Christopher Cheeseman. "Analysis of Barriers to Transitioning from a Linear to a Circular Economy for End of Life Materials: A Case Study for Waste Feathers." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051725.
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This research aimed to develop a simple but robust method to identify the key barriers to the transition from a linear to a circular economy (CE) for end of life products or material. Nine top-tier barrier categories have been identified that influence this transition. These relate to the basic material properties and product characteristics, the availability of suitable processing technology, the environmental impacts associated with current linear management, the organizational context, industry and supply chain issues, external drivers, public perception, the regulatory framework and the overall economic viability of the transition. The method provides a novel and rapid way to identify and quantitatively assess the barriers to the development of CE products. This allows mitigation steps to be developed in parallel with new product design. The method has been used to assess the potential barriers to developing a circular economy for waste feathers generated by the UK poultry industry. This showed that transitioning UK waste feathers to circularity faces significant barriers across numerous categories and is not currently economically viable. The assessment method developed provides a novel approach to identifying barriers to circularity and has potential to be applied to a wide range of end of life materials and products.
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Das Purkayastha, Manashi, Ajay Kumar Manhar, Manabendra Mandal, and Charu Lata Mahanta. "Industrial Waste-Derived Nanoparticles and Microspheres Can Be Potent Antimicrobial and Functional Ingredients." Journal of Applied Chemistry 2014 (September 17, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/171427.
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Rapeseed oilcake or press-cake is generated as bulk waste during oil extraction from oilseeds. Owing to its high protein content, further processing of oilcakes into vegetable protein generates large quantities of fibrous residue (“oil-and-protein” spent meal) as by-product, which currently has very limited practical utility. Here, we report hydrothermal carbonization of this industrial waste to convert it into carbon nanoparticles, bestowed with multitude of functionalities. We demonstrate that these nanoparticles can be assembled into micrometer-sized spheres when precipitated from water by acetone. These microspheres, with their added feature of hemocompatibility, can be potentially utilized as an encapsulation vehicle for the protection of thermolabile compounds (such as protein); however, the secondary and tertiary features of the protein were marginally perturbed by the encapsulation process. The synthesized carbon nanoparticle was found to be an effective biocidal agent, exhibiting bacterial cellular damage and complex formation with the bacterial plasmid (evident from ethidium bromide exclusion assay), which are critical for cell survival. The results show the ability to convert industrial biowaste into useful nanomaterials for use in food industries and also suggest new scalable and simple approaches to improve environmental sustainability in industrial processes.
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Glotov, V. I., D. M. Mikhailov, A. A. Yurov, M. I. Volkova, A. A. Panteleev, and K. V. Demkin. "THE ALGORITHM FOR MARKING VERTEXES. COMPARISON OF ALGORITHMS FOR SEARCHING FOR CONNECTIVITY COMPONENTS IN A GRAPH USING THE EXAMPLE OF COMBINING WALLETS IN A BITCOIN DATABASE." SOFT MEASUREMENTS AND COMPUTING 1, no. 2 (2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/2618-9976.2021.02.008.
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The article is devoted to comparing the efficiency of algorithms for processing Bitcoin blockchain transaction database. The article describes the algorithm of vertex marking developed by the group. Based on the comparison of this and other algorithms, it is expected to identify the most effective algorithm for clustering addresses based on belonging to a single user. The Bitcoin database contains information about millions of financial transactions. Even though information about transactions is anonymous, there are methods for combining user addresses into wallets. In this article, we study algorithms of searching connectivity components, which are based on one of the methods of combining wallets based on the heuristic feature of the «total waste» of one user. The emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of implementation – hardware limitations in processing big data sets, as well as the choice of a solution for many graph connectivity components – the maximum connected set of graph vertices, in other words, a set of nonempty vertex sets and a set of vertex pairs.
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Piekutin, Janina, Monika Puchlik, Michał Haczykowski, and Katarzyna Dyczewska. "The Efficiency of the Biogas Plant Operation Depending on the Substrate Used." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113157.
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The study aimed to assess the most efficient solution of raw material management in selected biogas plants into the concept of circular economy and evaluate the most efficient solution of raw material management in selected biogas plants due to the quality and quantity of the feed and the final product obtained, which is biogas, as well at the closed circulation (circular economy). The study evaluated two agricultural biogas plants on a real scale and one at the sewage treatment plant (in real scale) in northeastern Poland. A year-long study showed that in technical terms, the best work efficiency is achieved by agricultural biogas plants processing: silage, manure, apple pomace, potato pulp (biogas plant No. 1), followed by biogas plant No. 3 processing chicken manure, decoction, cattle manure, poultry slaughterhouse waste (sewage sludge, flotate, feathers), and finally, the lowest efficiency biogas plant was No. 2, the sewage treatment plant, which stabilized sewage sludge in the methane fermentation process. Moreover, based on the results, it was found that agricultural biogas gives the best efficiency in energy production from 1 ton of feed.