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Hostinský, Michal. "Nekonvenční technologie výroby řetězů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232064.
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Unconventional technologies and their continual development brings along new possibilities in the manufacturing process. The submitted project is focused on solving problems in the procession of sheet metals in the manufacture of special parts of roller and conveyor chains. In the assessment of the technology of components, laser cutting was evaluated as the most optimal technology. With this goal, there was a public tender in terms of the purchase of a new machine designed for the manufacturing operations of the company of RETEZY Vamberk. This company ranks among the most major manufacturers of conveyor, roller and special chains in Europe.
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Souza, José Carlos Sávio de [UNESP]. "Avaliação de um modelo matemático para a determinação do coeficiente de atrito no processo de conformação por dobramento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94390.
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000756231.pdf: 3428054 bytes, checksum: d0cdfa43da88169d40275d58b3369674 (MD5)O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo matemático para a análise da conformação de chapas metálicas por dobramento considerando o atrito entre a ferramenta e a peça, com o objetivo de obter uma estimativa para a carga de conformação e do valor do coeficiente de atrito no processo de conformação por dobramento . O modelo foi desenvolvido com base nas teorias plásticas pelo método da energia de conformação utilizando o critério de escoamento de von-Mises, conforme apresentado por Chakrabarty, Mellor e Al-Qureshi. Para a análise dos resultados, foram consideradas as propriedades geométricas que definem a peça e a matriz de conformação, bem como as propriedades do material. Os resultados teóricos para a tensão residual para o trabalho total de conformação, para a força de conformação e para o raio final de conformação são obtidos em função das propriedades geométricas do processo e das propriedades do material
The present work presents, a mathematical model for analysis the conformation of sheet metal folding considering the friction between the tool and workpiece to obtain an estimate for the conformation load and the value to coefficient friction. The model was developed based on the theories the energy method of the plastic deformation using the yield criterion of von Mises as presented by Chakrabarty, Mellor e Al-Qureshi. For the analyze the results, were considered the geometric properties that define the workpiece, the conformation tool and the material properties. The theoretical background for the residual strain the total work of conformation, force of conformation and the forming results, are obtained according the process, the geometrical properties and material properties
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Souza, José Carlos Sávio de. "Avaliação de um modelo matemático para a determinação do coeficiente de atrito no processo de conformação por dobramento /." Guaratinguetá, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94390.
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Orientador: Ângelo Caporalli FilhoCo-orientador: Anselmo Monteiro Ilkiu
Banca: Peterson Luiz Ferrandini
Banca: Miriam de Lourdes Noronha Motta Melo
Resumo : O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo matemático para a análise da conformação de chapas metálicas por dobramento considerando o atrito entre a ferramenta e a peça, com o objetivo de obter uma estimativa para a carga de conformação e do valor do coeficiente de atrito no processo de conformação por dobramento . O modelo foi desenvolvido com base nas teorias plásticas pelo método da energia de conformação utilizando o critério de escoamento de von-Mises, conforme apresentado por Chakrabarty, Mellor e Al-Qureshi. Para a análise dos resultados, foram consideradas as propriedades geométricas que definem a peça e a matriz de conformação, bem como as propriedades do material. Os resultados teóricos para a tensão residual para o trabalho total de conformação, para a força de conformação e para o raio final de conformação são obtidos em função das propriedades geométricas do processo e das propriedades do material
Abstract: The present work presents, a mathematical model for analysis the conformation of sheet metal folding considering the friction between the tool and workpiece to obtain an estimate for the conformation load and the value to coefficient friction. The model was developed based on the theories the energy method of the plastic deformation using the yield criterion of von Mises as presented by Chakrabarty, Mellor e Al-Qureshi. For the analyze the results, were considered the geometric properties that define the workpiece, the conformation tool and the material properties. The theoretical background for the residual strain the total work of conformation, force of conformation and the forming results, are obtained according the process, the geometrical properties and material properties
Mestre
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黃啓榮 and Kai-wing Wong. "A CAD/CAM system for sheet metal blanking dies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210594.
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Billur, Eren. "Warm Hydroforming Characteristics of Stainless Steel Sheet Metals." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1665.
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For numerical modeling and predictive analysis of warm hydroforming, better understanding of material properties (i.e. Flow curves) is required at elevated temperatures and high strains. Hydraulic bulge testing is a suitable method to obtain this information. However, analysis of the test data is not standardized as there are numerous approaches developed and adopted throughout the years. In this study, first, different approaches for hydraulic bulge analysis were compared with stepwise experiments to determine the best combination of approaches in obtaining accurate flow curves at different temperatures and strain rates. Then, three different grades of stainless steels (AISI 201, 301 and 304) were tested at various hydroforming conditions to determine the effect of pressure, temperature and strain rate on formability (i.e. cavity filling and thinning). These experimental findings were then used to be compared with predicted values from FEA. Results showed that material model works accurately in predicting the formability of materials in warm hydroforming.
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Chitti, Babu Surendra. "Development of tailored preform processing technology for net-shape manufacturing of large monolithic structures." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4861.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 31, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Choi, Yangwook. "Modeling evolution of anisotropy and hardening for sheet metals." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1064247377.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 155 p. : ill. (some col.). Advisors: June K. Lee, Robert H. Wagoner, and Mark E. Walter, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-147).
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Dallmeier, Johannes. "Experimental analysis and numerical fatigue modeling for magnesium sheet metals." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-209124.
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The desire for energy and resource savings brings magnesium alloys as lightweight materials with high specific strength more and more into the focus. Most structural components are subjected to cyclic loading. In the course of computer aided product development, a numerical prediction of the fatigue life under these conditions must be provided. For this reason, the mechanical properties of the considered material must be examined in detail. Wrought magnesium semifinished products, e.g. magnesium sheet metals, typically reveal strong basal textures and thus, the mechanical behavior considerably differs from that of the well-established magnesium die castings. Magnesium sheet metals reveal a distinct difference in the tensile and compressive yield stress, leading to non-symmetric sigmoidal hysteresis loops within the elasto-plastic load range. These unusual hysteresis shapes are caused by cyclic twinning and detwinning. Furthermore, wrought magnesium alloys reveal pseudoelastic behavior, leading to nonlinear unloading curves. Another interesting effect is the formation of local twin bands during compressive loading. Nevertheless, only little information can be found on the numerical fatigue analysis of wrought magnesium alloys up to now.
The aim of this thesis is the investigation of the mechanical properties of wrought magnesium alloys and the development of an appropriate fatigue model. For this purpose, twin roll cast AM50 as well as AZ31B sheet metals and extruded ME21 sheet metals were used. Mechanical tests were carried out to present a comprehensive overview of the quasi-static and cyclic material behavior. The microstructure was captured on sheet metals before and after loading to evaluate the correlation between the microstructure, the texture, and the mechanical properties. Stress- and strain-controlled loading ratios and strain-controlled experiments with variable amplitudes were performed. Tests were carried out along and transverse to the manufacturing direction to consider the influence of the anisotropy. Special focus was given to sigmoidal hysteresis loops and their influence on the fatigue life. A detailed numerical description of hysteresis loops is necessary for numerical fatigue analyses. For this, a one-dimensional phenomenological model was developed for elasto-plastic strain-controlled constant and variable amplitude loading. This model consists of a three-component equation, which considers elastic, plastic, and pseudoelastic strain components. Considering different magnesium alloys, good correlation is reached between numerically and experimentally determined hysteresis loops by means of different constant and variable amplitude load-time functions.
For a numerical fatigue life analysis, an energy based fatigue parameter has been developed. It is denoted by “combined strain energy density per cycle” and consists of a summation of the plastic strain energy density per cycle and the 25 % weighted tensile elastic strain energy density per cycle. The weighting represents the material specific mean stress sensitivity. Applying the energy based fatigue parameter on modeled hysteresis loops, the fatigue life is predicted adequately for constant and variable amplitude loading including mean strain and mean stress effects. The combined strain energy density per cycle achieves significantly better results in comparison to conventional fatigue models such as the Smith-Watson-Topper model. The developed phenomenological model in combination with the combined strain energy density per cycle is able to carry out numerical fatigue life analyses on magnesium sheet metals.
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Balanethiram, Venkata S. "Hyperlasticity: enhanced formability of sheet metals at high workpiece velocity." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1301933505.
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Balanethiram, Venkata S. "Hyperplasticity : enhanced formability of sheet metals at high workpiece velocity /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935573771459.
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Spinu, Ionel M. "Durability of sheet molding compound/metal adhesive bonds." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39832.
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Jalkh, Pierre E. (Pierre Edovard). "Open loop and closed loop cup forming of aluminum sheet metals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35953.
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Viswanathan, Karthik. "The OSU Formability Test to Assess the Formability of Sheet Metals." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420730405.
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Volk, Gregor. "Characterisation and modelling of non-proportional plastic deformation in sheet metals." Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685426.
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While sheet metal forming process analysis is well established, the complex material models often require experimental data that is difficult to obtain using single axis test equipment. This thesis outlines a new method in describing and determining yield and a methodology to measure multiaxial yield points. For the new yield point determination method, yielding in sheet metal aluminium alloys is critically reviewed. An intrinsic method of determining the yield point is then developed. This new method is compared with the accepted standard methods along with several alternative approaches to overcome the highlighted issues with the standard method. The new method also provides a means of determining a yield range, since all metals do not yield abruptly at a specific point. The Hill family of yield criteria are reviewed and calibration methods are compared and analysed. A new experimental method of reaching specific points on the yield surface is implemented. These different modes of deformation are achieved through the adaptation of an otherwise known test which is implemented in sheet metal aluminium alloy testing. A new test rig is developed to fit on a standard tensile test machine. The test rig controller and associated data acquisition analysis are developed with LabVIEW as a standalone system. The mathematical analysis of the data is developed and validated. A set of tests for an aluminium alloy was conducted to show the efficacy of this new form of material testing. The possibility of calibrating the Hill family of yield criteria with the new test results is investigated. Alternative data visualization methods are also implemented in order to illustrate the suitability of the new technique.
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Davis, Trevor. "Formability and strength of sheet metals subjected to complex strain paths." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11872/.
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W, Lindvall Fredrik. "Adhesive wear testing and modelling of tool steels sliding against sheet metals." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31793.
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Sheet metal forming is a manufacturing method used because of its versatility. Sheets are plastically deformed by a tool to create a product. A tool is expected to last for several 100,000 forming operations and efforts are made to optimize the tools. A common type of wear referred to as galling is the adhesion of sheet material to the tools. This problem has become more prevalent as new high strength sheet materials have been developed at the same time as lubricants have become heavily regulated. This has forced the development of new tool steels with improved resistance to galling. There are many parameters influencing the response to galling. In this work the influence of surface preparation, contact geometry, material selection and lubrication has been investigated. The surface of the forming tools has a large influence on the tools effective life. To refurbish a forming tool is expensive and often requires special shops and hand polishing. The influence on galling of different surface preparations suited for sheet metal forming was investigated using a strip-reduction equipment. The contact conditions of a tool sliding against metal sheets were investigated using FE models. The contact conditions were calculated for a U-bending test and for a sliding-on-flat-surface wear tester. The results were compared to those found in literature. One model incorporated the surface roughness of a sheet as measured by optical profilometry. The strength of the interface between the tool and the sheet material determine if material can be transferred onto the tool. The interface between the tool and adhered sheet material was closely studied using transmission electron microscopy of thin lamellas produced by focused ion beam milling. This showed sheet material adhering to the tool without the formation of an interlayer. Finally, several different combinations of tool steels and sheet materials were tested with regards to their ability to withstand galling.Baksidestext: Sheet metal forming can be used to produce a wide range of products but the initial costs are high as the forming tools are expensive. Wear of the tools in the form of galling i.e. the adhesion of tiny pieces of sheet material to the tools has become more prevalent as high strength sheet materials have been developed and lubricants have become heavily regulated. In this work the influence on galling of surface preparation, contact geometry, material selection and lubrication has been investigated. It was found that tool surfaces should be polished as rougher surfaces quickly picked up material that adhered to the tools and subsequently scratched the sheets. The strength of the interface between the tool and the sheet material determine if material can be transferred onto the tool. The interface was studied using bright field transmission electron microscopy and the sheet material was found to adhere to the tool without the formation of an interlayer. The conditions under which galling occurs were studied using a slider on flat surface wear tester and several different material combinations were tested with regards to their galling resistance. The contact conditions of the test equipment were also modeled using FE models to better understand the strains of the materials involved.
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Song, Xiao. "Identification of forming limits of sheet metals with an in-plane biaxial tensile test." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0002/document.
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Les procédés de mise en forme des tôles minces sont largement utilisés dans l'industrie. L’utilisation optimale des alliages légers ou des aciers à haute résistance, propices à des économies d’énergie dans le domaine des transports, nécessite une connaissance approfondie de leurs limites de formabilité. Classiquement, la formabilité d’une tôle est caractérisée par l’apparition d’une striction localisée. Cependant, pour des chargements spécifiques (chemins de déformation complexes ...), la rupture caractérise la formabilité du matériau, la courbe limite de formage à rupture (CLFR) plutôt que celle à striction (CLFS) doit alors être considérée. Pour identifier la CLFS et la CLFR pour des chemins de déformation linéaires et non-linéaires, les méthodes conventionnelles requièrent différents dispositifs expérimentaux et différentes formes d'éprouvette pour atteindre une large gamme de chemins de déformation. L'essai de traction biaxiale, associé à une éprouvette cruciforme, est possible pour la réaliser. De plus, le changement de chemin est activé au cours de l’essai, sans déchargement. Le premier objectif de cette étude est de montrer que l'essai de traction biaxiale, associé à une forme unique d'éprouvette cruciforme, permet de tracer la CLFS et la CLFR pour plusieurs chemins de déformation, qu’ils soient linéaires ou non-linéaires. En premier lieu, des essais ont été réalisés sur des tôles d’alliage d’aluminium 5086 (épaisseur initiale de 4 mm) à partir d’une forme d’éprouvette déjà proposée au laboratoire. Une nouvelle forme d'éprouvette cruciforme a été proposée pour des tôles moins épaisses (2 mm), plus répandues. Cet éprouvette a été validée pour étudier la formabilité d’un acier dual phase DP600 pour plusieurs chemins de déformation. Le deuxième objectif est de discuter la validité de critères classiques de rupture ductile. Pour les deux matériaux, un critère a finalement été identifié pour prédire assez précisément les résultats expérimentauxSheet metal forming is very common in industry for producing various components. The optimal use of light alloys or high strength steels in transportation for energy economy, requires in-depth analysis of their formability. Usually, the formability of sheet metal is controlled by the onset of localized necking. However, under specific loadings (complex strain paths...), fracture characterizes the formability and the forming limit curve at fracture (FLCF) instead of the forming limit curve at necking (FLCN) should be considered. For identifying FLCN and FLCF under linear and non-linear strain paths, conventional methods require different experimental devices and geometrical specifications of specimen to cover a wide range of strain paths. However, using the in-plane biaxial tensile test with just one shape of cruciform is sufficient for that, even changes of strain path without unloading can be made during the test. The first objective of this study is to show that the in-plane biaxial tensile test with a single type of cruciform specimen permits to investigate the FLCN and FLCF of sheet metals under different linear and non-linear strain paths. Firstly, the forming limit strains at fracture of AA5086 sheet (t=4 mm) under linear and non-linear strain paths have been characterized, by testing an existed dedicated cruciform specimen. Thinner sheet metals are often used in industry, so a new shape of cruciform specimen with an original thickness of 2 mm was proposed. This specimen is successfully used to investigate the formability of DP600 sheet under linear and two types of non-linear strain paths. The second objective is to discuss the validity of commonly used ductile fracture criteria to predict the onset of fracture. Some ductile fracture criteria were used to produce numerical FLCFs for AA5086 and DP600 sheet. Finally, for the two tested materials, it is possible to find a criterion to predict the experimental FLCFs for either linear or non-linear strain paths
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Pradeau, Adrien. "Anisotropic behaviour and fracture for sheet metals under associated and non-associated flow plasticity." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS507/document.
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La motivation principale de cette thèse est d’être capable de prédire précisément la rupture d’une tôle d’aluminium anisotrope avec un chemin de déformation linéaire et non-linéaire. Dans le cas présent, le matériau utilisé est l’AA6016 et le chemin de déformation considéré est traction uniaxiale suivie de pliage jusqu’à rupture. Deux approches sont appliquées et comparées, l’une utilise la plasticité associée (AFR) et l’autre la plasticité non-associée (NAFR). Dans le but d’obtenir une bonne représentation de l’anisotropie en AFR, un critère de plasticité très flexible est utilisé : Yld2004-18p. L’identification des paramètres est faite avec une approche inverse qui consiste à minimiser itérativement l’écart entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux. Une fois que l’écart arrête d’évoluer (minimum local) ou atteint une valeur prédéterminé e assez faible, l’optimisation s’arrête et les derniers paramètres mis à jour sont enregistrés. En corrélation avec des travaux de recherche plus récents, un modèle NAFR est utilisé pour modéliser l’anisotropie du matériau. Il combine deux critères de plasticité qui sont utilisés pour la surface d’écrouissage et le potentiel plastique. Leurs paramètres sont identifiés grâce aux ratios de contraintes et aux valeurs r obtenues expérimentalement. Concernant la rupture, des modèles découplés macroscopiques sont étudiés : un critère Hosford-Coulomb modifié et un critère basé sur DF2014. Ces deux critères prennent en compte les trois invariants du tenseur des contraintes pour prédire la déformation équivalente à rupture mais sont identifiés avec différentes méthodes pour prendre en compte l’anisotropie de la rupture. Enfin, des résultats sur des instabilités plastiques obtenus avec un modèle NAFR sont présentés dans le but de prouver les possibilités de cette approche comparée à une approche AFRThe main motivation of this thesis is to be able to predict accurately the fracture of an anisotropic aluminium alloy thin sheet under linear and non-linear strain paths. In the studied case, the material used is the AA6016 and the non-linear strain path considered is uniaxial tension followed by free bending until fracture. Two approaches are considered and compared which respectively use the associated flow rule (AFR) and the non-associated flow rule (NAFR). In order to obtain a good representation of the high anisotropy of the material in AFR, a very flexible yield criterion is used: Yld2004-18p. The identification of its parameters is done with an inverse approach consisting of iteratively minimizing the gap between numerical and experimental results. Once this gap stops evolving (local minimum) or reaches a low enough pre-determined value, the optimization stops and the last updated parameters are saved. In correlation with more recent research work, a NAFR model is used to model the anisotropy of the material. It combines two different yield functions that are used for the yield surface and the plastic potential. Their parameters are identified by using stress ratios and rvalues measured experimentally. Concerning the fracture, uncoupled macroscopic models are studied: a modified Hosford-Coulomb and a DF2014 based criteria. Both these criteria take into account the three invariants of the stress tensor to predict the equivalent strain to fracture but their parameters are identified with different methods to take into account the anisotropy of the fracture. Finally, results on plastic instabilities obtained with a NAFR model are presented in order to prove the possibilities of this approach compared to AFR
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Palaniswamy, Hariharasudhan. "Determination of process parameters for stamping and sheet hydroforming of sheet metal parts using finite element method." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195621470.
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Aydin, Mustafa Seckin [Verfasser]. "Efficient Parameter Characterization for Hardening and Yield Locus Models for Sheet Metals / Mustafa Seckin Aydin." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/105034586X/34.
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Morrison, James. "Novel ultrasonic measurements of crystallographic texture in sheet metals to obtain industrially relevant formability information." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3772/.
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Weimer, William Eugene. "Corrosion of Magnesium, Aluminum, and Steel Automotive Sheet Metals Joined by Steel Self-Pierce Rivets." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420818436.
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Sansalone, Mickaël. "A new shell formulation using complete 3D constitutive laws : Applications to sheet metal forming simulations." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0015.
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Dans le domaine de la mise en forme industrielle, des outils de simulation comme le logiciel Pam-stamp 2G permettent entre autres le prototypage et l’optimisation numérique des produits, réduisant ainsi les coûts expérimentaux de mise au point. Les éléments finis de type coques en hypothèse d’état plan de contrainte demeurent les plus utilisés car ils permettent une prise en compte réaliste des déformations majeures de membrane et de flexion. Cependant, de par leur définition, la contrainte normale pouvant apparaitre en cas de compression du flan dans la direction de l’épaisseur ou encore de flexion extrême sur petit rayon est systématiquement omise. De plus, Il existe de nouveaux procédés de mise en forme de tôle, comme le pliage/sertissage/emboutissage avec laminage et/ou écrasement ainsi que l’hydroformage, qui ne peuvent pas être traités avec ces formulations d’éléments coques classiques. L’utilisation de couches d’éléments volumiques est souvent considérée comme une alternative non convenable aux simulations de ces procédés. Outre le très haut coût CPU, s’ajoutent le rendu parfois non réaliste ainsi que la complexité liée à la découpe du maillage du flan. Récemment, des éléments de type “solid-shell” ont été mis à contribution mais requièrent des améliorations quant à leurs lois de comportements. L’objectif d’ESI group consiste en l’élaboration, l’évaluation, l’implémentation et la validation industrielle d’une nouvelle formulation d’élément fini. Cet élément devra permettre la gestion d’une éventuelle variation d’épaisseur avec prise en compte réaliste de la contrainte normale, tout en assurant des résultats dignes de ceux d’une coque conventionnelle en flexion. Une nouvelle formulation de type coque 3D est ainsi d’abord proposée. Des éléments coques triangulaires et quadrangulaire en théorie de Mindlin et de Kirchhoff sont utilisés. Cette approche est d’abord développée dans un solveur quasi-statique implicite de l’INSA de Lyon pour validation numérique sur cas académiques linéaires et non linéaires de référence. Une validation expérimentale sur opération de pliage dépliage est également réalisée. Aux vues des non linéarités dues au contact avec frottement, grandes déformations et grands déplacements posant des soucis de convergence en implicite au cours de la simulation d’opérations de mise en forme, la méthode est ensuite développée dans le solveur explicite de l’INSA de Lyon. Seuls les éléments en théorie de Mindlin sont considérés. Les particularités liées à cette méthode de résolution dynamique comme la matrice de masse, le pas de temps critique et l’optimisation du CPU sont traitées. Une nouvelle méthode de contact dédiée aux opérations de mise en forme impliquant du laminage et/ou de l’amincissement est également proposée. Elle permet une transition automatique d’éléments standards vers des éléments coque "3D", palliant ainsi le remaillage. Des essais de mise en forme en U avec ou sans laminage apportent une validation expérimentale concernant le retour élastique. Une fois validées, les techniques et formulations les plus abouties sont implémentées dans le code industriel dédié à la mise en forme Pam-stamp 2G v2011. Après une vérification sur tests de référence, des applications sont enfin menées sur cas critiques inspirés de procédés industriels complexes et nécessitant essentiellement une loi de comportement 3DIn the sheet metal forming industry, shell elements in plane-stress assumption are employed, as they perform quite well in simulating the major membrane and flexural large deformations involved. However, the normal stress, caused by compression along thickness direction of the blank or local high bending over very small radii, is hence systematically omitted. Besides, when it comes to unusual and challenging processes such as hydro-forming, thinning/thickening, forming with ironing, bottoming and so on, makeshift solutions such as layers of 3D solid hexahedrons or even recent “solid-shell” elements are no longer appropriate. An innovative 3D finite element formulation methodology overcoming the overcoming the plane-stress definition of classification shell elements, while keeping their very good bending assets is first proposed in this work. The method basically consists in adding a central node endowed with two degrees of freedom at the element center. These two extra translations normal to the element mid-plane give a new quadratic displacement field along the shell normal direction. A derivative normal strain can hence be expressed and a linear normal stress comes via a full 3D constructive law. A very pioneering contact technique, dedicated to forming processes with ironing, thinning/bottoming operations and allowing a usual-to-enhanced automatic element switch is developed as well. Once widely assessed, most interesting achievements are implemented in the dynamic explicit industrial code Pam-stamp 2 G v2011 and evaluated over critical industrial forming processes that require essentially a full 3D strain-stress behavior
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Ucan, Meric. "Effect Of Constitutive Modeling In Sheet Metal Forming." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613447/index.pdf.
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This study focuses on the effects of different constitutive models in sheet metal forming operations by considering the cylindrical and square cup drawing and V-bending simulations. Simulations are performed using eight different constitutive modelselastic plastic constitutive model with isotropic hardening, elastic plastic constitutive model with kinematic hardening, elastic plastic constitutive model with combined hardening, power law isotropic plasticity, piecewise linear isotropic plasticity, Barlatthree-parameter, cyclic elastoplastic and Hill&rsquo
48 model.The numerical analyses are accomplished by using three different 1 mm thick sheet materials
St12 steel, Al-5182 aluminum and stainless steel 409 Ni. An explicit finite element code is used in the simulations. For square cup drawing, three different blank holder forces
2 kN, 4 kN and 5 kN are considered for St12 steel, whereas only 5 kN blank holder force is applied for stainless steel 409 Ni and Al-5182 aluminum. A number of experiments are carried out and analytical calculations are utilized to evaluate the results of simulations. In cylindrical cup drawing, simulation results of different constitutive models show good agreement with analytical calculations for thickness strain and effective stress distributions. In square cup drawing, simulation results of all the models displayed good agreement with the experimental results for edge contour comparisons, although the distributions of effective stress vary for different models within the cup. The numerically and experimentally obtained springback amounts are also in good agreement. The simulation results obtained for piecewise linear isotropic plasticity and power law isotropic plasticity models show better agreement with the analytical solutions and experiments.
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Bayat, Hamid Reza [Verfasser], Stefanie [Akademischer Betreuer] Reese, Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfinghoff, and Ludovic [Akademischer Betreuer] Noels. "Failure modeling of interfaces and sheet metals / Hamid Reza Bayat ; Stefanie Reese, Stephan Wulfinghoff, Ludovic Noels." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221808656/34.
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Roshanaei, Sina. "Stress-Strain data for metals in bar and sheet form : strain rate, thickness and temperature influences." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15614.
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Over the past few decades various models of different formats have been developed to correctly evaluate and predict the strength of materials. However, these models are limited in certain environmental conditions in implementing the effect of material's thickness into their models. As such an there was a need to consider the basics of mechanical engineering and to try and define the trend, thickness has upon the behaviour of materials with respect to environmental conditions. The work consisted of a representation of tensile testing testing of common engineering alloys across a wide range of temperature, strain rate and thickness. Acquisition of high strain rate data and extended strain data (split-hopkinson, bulge forming and plane strain compression). A review of existing graphical techniques and limited applications using strength reduction factors, as well as applying the accepted empirical formulae, Johnson-Cook, Armstrong-Zerrili, Ramberg-Osgood and Hollomon. Later, recognising a need for a new approach as with a universal (quartic) polynomial fit to all plastic flow curves in which coefficients are T, ε̇ and t̄ dependant. Adoptation of a common numerical procedure for strain intercept ε0 and cut-off instability co-ordinates (σi, εi)- each as the solution to the roots of a quartic. Therefore, a proposal of the flow curve tables allowing interpolation and extrapolation, a numerical representation of any previous "Atlas of Curves". Subsequently, leading to reconstruction of the full stress-strain curve with the addition of elastic strain calculated from the modulus applicable to the specific test condition by further testing of these data from literature; both improving the existing and producing new empirical and simulation based models to analyse the materials, which will be subjected to dynamic loading as well as temperature and strain rates variations. The main objective of the work, was involved in creating a polynomial fit to describe the three physical conditions in terms of coefficients and to verify the findings in a FEA package, ABAQUS. A new process in reading the stress-strain data. By means of such development an instability study of strain limits based on Considére criteria was developed which illustrated the ways to prolong the instability limit. A secondary study of this work relates to creating a bridge between the micro-structure and macro-structure of the tested materials. A series of correlations and trends were developed to further signify the shift in micro-structural restructuring, whilst the material is under load. Another important aspect of the work consists, of carrying out an analytical study on Ramberg-Osgood equation. Ramberg-Osgood equation has been at the forefront of many engineering advancement. However it can yet be improved and reformatted by means of defining a set value for its variable constants. As such a fix ƞt value based on a best-fit approach was developed which was analytically tested.
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Gardner, Kevin Alexander. "Experimental Techniques for Shear Testing of Thin Sheet Metals and Compression Testing at Intermediate Strain Rates." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366199322.
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Fritzen, Daniel. "Estudo do processo de estampagem incremental em chapa de latão 70/30." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49294.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da chapa de latão 70/30 para o processo de Estampagem Incremental de Chapas (ISF - Incremental Sheet Forming), baseado nos parâmetros: ângulo de parede (ψ), passo vertical ( Z) e estratégia do caminho da ferramenta. Os experimentos baseiam-se na variante da Estampagem Incremental denominada Estampagem Incremental com Ponto Simples (SPIF - Single Point Incremental Forming). Foram realizados 18 ensaios usando uma ferramenta de estampar com raio (RT) de 5 mm. Para execução dos testes práticos, foram utilizados os recursos: softwares CAD/CAM, centro de usinagem CNC com três eixos, matriz incremental, ferramenta de estampagem incremental e um dispositivo prensa chapas. Além disso, o acabamento da superfície conformada foi medido através do parâmetro de rugosidade RZ nos principais ensaios, bem como a medição das deformações verdadeiras (j) e da espessura (s1). Os testes práticos demonstraram que a estratégia de usinagem espiral proporcionou um maior ângulo de parede, comparado à estratégia paralela de contorno.This study aims to evaluate the behavior of 70/30 brass plate to the process of Incremental Sheet Forming - ISF, based on the parameters: wall angle (ψ), vertical step ( Z) and tool path strategy. The experiments were based on a variation of the ISF process, called SPIF (Single Point Incremental Forming). Eighteen tests were conducted using a punching tool with a radius (RT) of 5 mm. For the execution of practical tests, the resources were used: CAD / CAM software, CNC machining center with three axis. It was also used an incremental matrix, a tool for incremental forming and a sheet-press device. In addition, the surface finish was measured by RZ roughness parameter in the main tests, the same way the measurement of true strains (φ) and thickness (s1). The practice tests showed that the spiral machining strategy has provided a greater wall angle, compared to the parallel strategy contour.
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Fritzen, Daniel. "Estudo dos parâmetros de conformabilidade para o processo de estampagem incremental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150566.
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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o processo de Estampagem Incremental de Chapas, em Latão C-268 de diferentes espessuras (s0: 0.50, 0.70 e 1.00 mm), motivado pela inobservância de pesquisas desta matéria prima neste processo de conformação de chapas. Atualmente, este material tem grande aplicação na confecção de utensílios domésticos (baixelas, travessas, etc) e ferragens para construção civil (espelhos, cubas, etc), instrumentos musicais de sopro e núcleos de radiadores automotivos, tendo assim, um amplo campo de aplicação industrial, e potencial para as aplicações do processo de Estampagem Incremental de Chapas. A pesquisa está pautada na caracterização das matérias primas, para a obtenção de dados como as Curvas de Escoamento, Índices de Anisotropia (r), Curvas Limite de Conformação (CLC) e em experimentos de Estampagem Incremental de Chapas, realizados em uma máquina dedicada a este processo de conformação. Para a realização dos experimentos, foram utilizados Incrementos Verticais com diferentes valores (∆Z: 0.10, 0.50 e 1.00 mm), assim como duas ferramentas de estampagem (DT: Ø10 e Ø15 mm). Foram aplicadas duas formas geométricas diferentes: Tronco de Cone e Tronco de Pirâmide, ambos com perfil radial das paredes verticais. Ao todo, foram realizados 15 experimentos diferentes na modalidade SPIF. Os experimentos foram realizados em uma máquina dedicada ao processo, capaz da aquisição dos valores de Força (FX, FY e FZ) durante a realização dos testes. Com a realização dos experimentos SPIF, foi possível a elaboração da Linha Limite de Fratura – LFC da chapa latão C-268 nas três espessuras investigadas, onde os resultados apontam para valores maiores de deformação verdadeira (1 vs 2), quando comparados aos valores da CLC. Adicionalmente, a LFC das três espessuras de chapas analisadas, apontam os valores das maiores deformações verdadeiras (1) muito próximos, evidenciando neste caso que a diminuição do Incremento Vertical (∆Z) é mais relevante para a estampagem do que o aumento da espessura da chapa. As geometrias Tronco de Cone e Tronco de Pirâmide apresentaram discrepâncias geométricas toleráveis em relação ao perfil projetado, mas diferentes entre si, influenciados pelo retorno elástico diferente de cada geometria. Entretanto, suas fraturas apresentaram o mesmo comportamento, propagação no sentido meridional. Os experimentos SPIF realizados com a ferramenta de estampagem com Ø10mm proporcionaram as maiores profundidades. A medição da espessura final (s1) próximas as regiões fraturadas, comprovou os valores medidos não ultrapassaram os respectivos valores resultantes da expressão matemática Lei do Seno, e ainda, que quanto menor a espessura inicial (s0) da chapa, menor a variação dos valores medidos e calculados. A análise das Forças (FX, FY e FZ) resultantes do processo SPIF mostram que quanto maior o Incremento Vertical (∆Z), maior a espessura inicial (s0) da chapa, e maior do diâmetro (DT) da ferramenta de estampagem, maiores serão as Forças necessárias no SPIF. Adicionalmente, foi possível determinar os valores de Atrito (µ), obtidos em função das Forças (FX, FY e FZ) do processo SPIF.This paper presents a study of the Incremental Sheet Forming process, in Brass C-268 of different thicknesses (s0: 0.50, 0.70 and 1.00 mm), motivated by non-observance of research of this raw material in this sheet forming process. Currently, this material has great application in the manufacture of household items (plates, platters, etc.) and hardware for building (locks, vats, etc.), wind musical instruments and automotive radiator cores, having thus, a large industrial application field, and potential for the applications of the Incremental Sheet Forming process. The research is based on the characterization of raw materials, to obtain data such as Flow Curves, Anisotropy Indices (r), Forming Limit Curve and in Incremental Sheet Forming experiments, performed on a machine dedicated to this forming process. For the realization of the experiments, Vertical Increments with different values were used (∆Z: 0.10, 0.50 e 1.00 mm), As well as two forming tools (DT: Ø10 e Ø15 mm). Two different geometric forms were applied: Cone Frustum and Pyramid Frustum, both with radial profile of vertical walls. In all, 15 different SPIF experiments were performed. The experiments were carried out in a machine dedicated to the process, able to acquire the values of Force (FX, FY e FZ) during the tests. With the realization of SPIF experiments, it was possible to elaborate the Fracture Forming Line – FFL of Brass C-268 sheet, In the three thicknesses investigated, Where the results indicate higher values of true strain (1 vs 2), when compared to the FLC values. Additionally, the FFL of the three sheet thicknesses analyzed, indicate the values of the highest true deformations (1) very close, evidencing in this case, that the decrease of Vertical Increment (∆Z) is more relevant for the forming than the increase in sheet thickness. The Cone Frustum and Pyramid Frustum geometries presented tolerable geometric discrepancies in relation to the projected profile, more different from each other, influenced by different springback of each geometry. However, their fractures presented the same behavior, meridional direction propagation. The SPIF experiments performed with the forming tool with Ø10mm provided the greatest depths. The final thickness (s1) measurement near the fractured regions, proved the measured values did not exceed the respective values resulting from the mathematical expression Sine Law, and also, that the lower the initial thickness (s0) of sheet, lower the variation of the measured and calculated values. Analysis of Forces (FX, FY e FZ) resulting from the SPIF process, show that the larger the Vertical Increment (∆Z), larger the initial thickness (s0) of the sheet, and larger diameter (DT) of the forming tool, larger will be the necessary forces in SPIF. In addition, it was possible to determine the values of Friction (µ), obtained in function of the SPIF Forces (FX, FY e FZ).
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Lora, Fabio Andre. "Avaliação das deformações no aço DC04 quando submetido ao processo híbrido de estampagem incremental posterior ao processo convencional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/103731.
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O presente trabalho aborda a aplicação de processos combinados de estampagem, processo convencional e incremental em uma mesma chapa metálica. Essa combinação é denominada de processo de estampagem híbrido. Tal processo é realizado através da fabricação de uma pré-forma pelo processo convencional de estampagem, seguido da manufatura pelo processo incremental. O objetivo principal é analisar o comportamento das deformações ocorridas na geratriz, o que até então só havia sido analisado separadamente, sem um aprofundamento aplicado ao processo híbrido. As deformações ocorridas no processo convencional determinam os caminhos de deformações nos elementos da geratriz, influenciando diretamente as deformações geradas pela estampagem incremental. Para alcançar os objetivos, experimentos foram realizados com o material aço DC04, sendo divididos em duas etapas: a estampagem incremental em linha reta e após o processo de estampagem híbrido. A estampagem incremental em linha reta foi realizada para avaliação do material em relação a diferentes estratégias incrementais e às máximas deformações. No processo híbrido, as deformações da estampagem convencional foram realizadas em três direções com graus de deformações diferentes. Na etapa incremental do processo híbrido foi adotada a estratégia de pirâmide com diferentes inclinações de parede nas amostras. Nos experimentos, foram analisadas as deformações verdadeiras, geometrias finais e redução de espessura das amostras. A simulação numérica é uma ferramenta computacional que foi utilizada para comparação e correlação com os dados dos experimentos físicos. Os critérios de falha ou parada das simulações são dependentes dos dados do material (curva limite de conformação) e/ou dos experimentos físicos realizados (profundidade de ruptura). No desenvolvimento da estampagem incremental em linha reta, o punção de ponta hemisférica com diâmetro de 30mm e 1mm de incremento por etapa apresentou as maiores deformações máximas (1,03). No processo de estampagem híbrido, as amostras com pré-deformações de embutimento profundo tenderam a não influenciar as deformações incrementais finais. As amostras com pré-deformações planas foram diretamente proporcionais às deformações máximas incrementais. Já as com pré-deformações de estiramento biaxial influenciaram as deformações incrementais conforme o grau da pré-deformação.The present work approaches the application of combined forming processes, and conventional and incremental sheet forming processes in the same metal sheet. This combination is denominated hybrid forming processe. This process is done through the manufacture of a pre form by conventional forming process, followed by incremental sheet forming. The main objective is to analyze the behavior of strains occurred in the blank, which until now was only studied separately, without a deepening study applied to hybrid process. The pre strains occurred in the conventional process determine the strain paths in the blank elements, directly influencing the strains produced by the incremental process. To reach these objectives, experiments with DC4 steel were done, and were separated into two stages: first, a test of incremental sheet forming in a straight line, and, after, the hybrid forming process. The incremental sheet forming in straight line was done to evaluate the material in relation to different incremental strategies in this process and to maximum deformations. In the hybrid process, the conventional process deformations were done in three directions with distinct strain rate. In the incremental stage, the pyramid strategy was adopted with different wall inclinations of samples. In the experiments, the true strains, the final geometries and the samples thickness reduction was analyzed. The numerical simulation is a computational tool that was used for the comparison and correlation with the data of the physical experiments. The failure criterion or stopped simulations depend of the material data (Forming Limit Curve) and/or on the physical experiments done (depth of rupture). In the development of the incremental forming in straight line, the hemispherical-headed punch with diameter of 30 mm and 1 mm of increment per step presented the higher maximum strains (1,03). In the hybrid process, the deep drawing samples with pre-strain did not tend to influence the final incremental strains. The samples with plane pre-strain were directly proportional to the maximum incremental strains. Tthe samples with pre-strain biaxial, on the other hand, influenced the incremental strains according to the degree of pre-strain.
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Shao, Zhutao. "Development of a novel biaxial testing system for formability evaluation of sheet metals under hot stamping conditions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58162.
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Hot stamping and cold die quenching has been developed in forming complex shaped structural components of metals. This study is the first attempt to develop unified viscoplastic damage constitutive equations for the prediction of formability of metals under hot stamping conditions. In order to achieve the aim of this study, test facilities and methods need to be established to obtain experimental formability data of metals under hot stamping conditions. The research work is concerned with four aspects: thermo-mechanical properties of an alloy under hot stamping conditions, feasibility study of a novel biaxial testing system for hot stamping applications, formability tests by cruciform specimens under hot stamping conditions, and developed material models for formability evaluation and prediction. Hot tensile tests were performed at various temperatures and strain rates after heating and cooling processes to study the thermo-mechanical properties of AA6082 under hot stamping conditions. An error analysis of the proposed strain measurement method was carried out using an FE model coupled with thermo-electrical and thermo-mechanical conditions. The viscoplastic deformation behaviour of AA6082 was analysed in terms of temperature and strain rate dependence based on the experimental results. A viscoplastic damage constitutive model was developed to describe the thermo-mechanical response of the metal, material constants in which were calibrated from the hot tensile test results. A novel biaxial testing system was developed, patented and used for formability tests of AA6082 under hot stamping conditions after the feasibility study of this new testing method. Three heating and cooling strategies were proposed to investigate the temperature and strain distributions in a type of cruciform specimen. The dimensions of cruciform specimens adopted for the determination of forming limit under various strain paths were designed and optimised based on the selective heating and cooling method. Formability tests of AA6082 were conducted at various temperatures and strain rates after the heating and cooling processes. Two unified multi-axial viscoplastic constitutive models were developed and determined from the formability test results of AA6082 for the prediction of forming limit of alloys under hot stamping conditions. This research, for the first time, enabled formability data to be generated and forming limits to be predicted under hot stamping conditions. The technique has been verified for a particular aluminium alloy and can be applied to other metals under hot stamping conditions.
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Ferrell, Devin Bradley. "Development of Criteria for Lamina Emergent Mechanism Flexures with Specific Application to Metals." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3549.pdf.
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Schumann, Adriano Leonardo. "Análise do coeficiente de atrito determinado pelo método de dobramento sob tensão aplicado ao processo de estampagem profunda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185234.
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O presente trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar e discutir os resultados encontrados para o coeficiente de atrito de três tipos de diferentes chapas utilizadas em processos de estampagem na indústria automotiva. O método adotado para determinação do coeficiente de atrito foi o dobramento sob tensão, método este que tem por finalidade simular as condições de uma operação de embutimento. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que diferentes chapas em aço NBR 5915 EM e EMS ME 1508 EM, com ou sem proteção galvânica, apresentam diferentes condições tribológicas determinadas através do ensaio. Coeficientes de atrito que variam desde 0,103 até 0,151 foram determinados, considerando condições de lubrificação e de ferramenta constantes. A influência do coeficiente de atrito no processo é exemplificada através do cálculo da força máxima de estampagem, sendo que para as mesmas condições de propriedades mecânicas a variação do coeficiente de atrito provocou um aumento de 7,6% na força máxima. Através do cálculo determinou-se também a influência do coeficiente de atrito nas forças de atrito do processo. Para as condições apresentadas, a influência do coeficiente de atrito no prensa chapas na força máxima de estampagem é 20x menor em relação à influência do coeficiente de atrito no raio da matriz.This research aims to show and discuss the friction coefficient of three different kinds of sheet metal used in sheet metal forming processes of automotive industry. The methodology for the determination of the coefficient of friction was the bending under tension, that purpose to simulate the deep drawing conditions. The results show different kinds of sheets metals, as NBR 5915 EM and EMS ME 1508 EM, with or not galvanized protection, show different tribological conditions by the tests. Friction coefficients from 0,103 to 0,151 were founded, considering invariable lubrication and tool conditions. The influence of friction coefficient in the stamping process is exemplified by the maximum stamping strength. For these tests conditions, the coefficient of friction caused an increase of 7.6% in the maximum stamping strength. The influence of the friction coefficient on the friction strengths of the process was determined. For these conditions, the influence of the friction coefficient in the friction strength of the blank holder is 20x smaller than in the friction strength of die's radius.
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Morris, Jeffrey D. "Development of Experimental and Finite Element Models to Show Size Effects in the Forming of Thin Sheet Metals." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2676.
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Abstract
An experimental method was developed that demonstrated the size effects in forming thin sheet metals, and a finite element model was developed to predict the effects demonstrated by the experiment. A universal testing machine (UTM) was used to form aluminum and copper of varying thicknesses (less than 1mm) into a hemispherical dome. A stereolithography additive manufacturing technology was used to fabricate the punch and die from a UV curing resin. There was agreement between the experimental and numerical models. The results showed that geometric size effects were significant for both materials, and these effects increased as the thickness of the sheets decreased. The demonstration presents an inexpensive method of testing small-scale size effects in forming processes, which can be altered easily to produce different shapes and clearances.
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Miori, Gelson Freitas. "Modelagem numérica e experimental da conformabilidade de chapas da liga de alumínio AA5083 O processadas por fricção e mistura linear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-22052015-144805/.
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Esta tese tem por objetivo determinar a estampabilidade de chapas de alumínio 5083 O processadas pelo processo de fricção e mistura (PFM). Para atingir os objetivos propostos o processo de fricção por mistura foi estudado e uma ferramenta de soldagem PFM construída, a verificação da qualidade da solda foi realizada com metalografia da região processada para verificar a presença de vazios, obtidas as melhores condições a superplasticidade através do processo PFM é estudada com os ensaios de tração a quente e de saltos. Ensaios de tração a frio foram realizados nos corpos de prova com o processamento e sem o processamento com o objetivo de obter a curva tensão versus deformação do material processado e sem processamento. Foi efetuado o ensaio de microdureza da região soldada. A estampabilidade das chapas foi verificada através do ensaio de expansão hidrostática e empregadas na determinação da conformabilidade das chapas processadas e sem processar. Os ensaios de expansão hidrostática foram realizados em software de elementos finitos com o objetivo de comparar os resultados práticos e teóricos. Este estudo simulou pelo método dos elementos finitos a determinação da curva limite de conformação de chapas de alumínio 5083 O processadas através do processo PFM. A simulação de elementos finitos implicou em utilizar o método não linear e os softwares MSC MARC e Abaqus para simulação. Determinou-se neste estudo que a resistência à tração de chapas após processo PFM é 30% maior do que sem processamento, a estampabilidade à frio das chapas manteve-se a mesma. Os testes práticos determinaram que os softwares Abaqus e MSC MARC possuem boa aproximação para o teste de expansão hidrostática à frio. O Software Abaqus apresentou dificuldades para convergir e tempo de processamento muito superior ao MSC MARC nos estudos de expansão hidrostática à frio e na condição superplástica. Através dos ensaios de saltos determinou-se que a condição 328 rpm e 65 mm/min possui coeficiente de sensibilidade à taxa de deformação m muito superior ao do alumínio 5083 O sem PFM, isto resultou em uma melhor distribuição de espessura da chapa após o ensaio de expansão hidrostática superplástico em software.The aim of this study is to determine the sheet metal formability of 5083 O aluminum sheets after friction stir processing \"FSP\". To achieve the proposed objectives the friction stir processing was be reviewed and modeled in order to enable the design and manufacture of a proper FSP tool. The quality of the process was carried out through metallographic tests of the FSP region looking for the presence of voids. The best conditions for plasticity and superplastic forming after FSP was studied by means of an approach of jump steps in the hot tensile tests, looking for a coefficient of strain rate sensitivity. The micro hardness tests and tensile tests at room temperature were carried out for the specimens with and without FSP processing in order to characterize their material mechanical behavior. The formability of the FSP blanks was evaluated through Bulge tests. The results enable to plot Forming Limit Curves friction stir processed blanks after FSP and without FSP. The numerical simulation of the Free Bulge tests was carried out using a Finite Element Method model in order to compare the numerical theoretical and experimental practical results. The numerical simulation approach allows for the determination the forming limit curve of 5083 O aluminum sheets processed by the FSP process. The Finite Element Method modeling and simulation have employed two nonlinear FEM codes: the MSC MARC and Abaqus were compared as software for the simulations. The Yeld Strength of specimens with FSP increased 30% in comparison with specimens without FSP in cold tensile tests, the formability of shapes with and without FSP was de same. The practical tests showed that Abaqus and MSC MARC results has a good approach, the processing time in Abaqus was much greater than in MSC MARC, Abaqus had convergence problems when contact condition is applied. Through the jump tensile tests the 328 rpm and 65 mm/min condition showed a m factor much higher in comparison with condition without FSP in AA 5083 O, this results led in a better thickness distribution after the superplastic bulge test in software.
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Sasse, Ina [Verfasser]. "Schneiden und Schweißen strukturierter Bleche mit Faserlaser : Cutting and welding of structured sheet metals with fiber laser / Ina Sasse." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059344416/34.
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Hirsch, Michael Robert. "Fretting behavior of AISI 301 stainless steel sheet in full hard condition." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24759.
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Folle, Luís Fernando. "Estudo do coeficiente de atrito para processos de estampagem." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/76155.
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O atrito na interface entre a peça e a ferramenta tem considerável importância em operações de estampagem de chapas, são necessários conhecimentos precisos sobre processos de conformação de chapas para a análise e projeto de novas peças e ferramentas, assim como para validação de uma simulação numérica. Este trabalho usa o método de determinação do coeficiente de atrito em estampagem através do ensaio de dobramento sob tensão e avalia sua precisão com o uso do software de elementos finitos LS-DYNAFORM, específico para esse processo de fabricação. Como existem seis equações que calculam o coeficiente de atrito para o mesmo ensaio de dobramento sob tensão, foram testadas todas as equações com o objetivo de verificar se existe variação entre os resultados. O material de estudo foi o alumínio comercialmente puro, liga AA1100. Os resultados indicam que há certa variação para cada equação usada, principalmente para aquelas que consideram o torque no pino. É observada também uma tendência do software a se distanciar dos resultados práticos por considerar o atrito como uma constante ao longo do processo. A pressão de contato entre o pino e a chapa no ensaio de dobramento sob tensão também foi avaliada através de um filme que tem a capacidade de registrar a pressão aplicada juntamente com a medição da força vertical aplicada ao pino. Os resultados indicam que a força vertical é mais precisa para se definir a pressão de contato ao uso de equações pré-estabelecidas e que a área de atuação da chapa no pino é sempre menor que a área calculada geometricamente. Por fim, para se saber qual é o comportamento do atrito para altas pressões, o ensaio de dobramento sob tensão foi feito com força variável e constatou-se que o atrito diminui com o aumento das pressões. No entanto, os valores iniciais da curva de atrito versus pressão de contato não foram obtidos pois nesse caso seria necessário usar uma máquina diferente da usada nesse estudo, ou seja, que não use pressão de óleo para acionamento e movimentação da chapa.Friction at the interface of workpiece and tooling has a considerably importance in sheet metal forming operations. It is necessary an accurate knowledge for the analysis and design of new workpieces and tooling, as well as for the validation of a numeric simulation. This work uses the bending under tension test to determining the friction coefficient in sheet metal forming and evaluates its accuracy using the finite element software LS-DYNAFORM, specific to this manufacturing process. Since there are six equations that calculate the coefficient of friction for the same bending under tension test, all equations were tested in order to verify if there is much variation between the results. The material used in these work was pure commercial aluminum alloy AA1100. The results indicate that there is some variation for each equation used, especially for those that consider the torque on the pin. It was also observed a tendency for software to distance themselves from practical results considering friction as a constant throughout the process. It is also observed a tendency for the software to generate curves away from the tests as the friction increases. The contact pressure between the pin and the sheet in the bending under tension test was also evaluated through a film that has the ability to measure the pressure applied, together with the measurement of the vertical force applied to the pin. The results indicate that the vertical force is more accurate to define the contact pressure than equations previously established for this and that the contact area between the sheet and the pin is always smaller than the area calculated geometrically. Finally, to know the behavior of the friction at high pressures, the bending under tension test was done with variable forces and it was found that the friction decreases with increasing the pressure, which is in full agreement with the theory.
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Subbarayan, Sapthagireesh. "Fabrication of a Novel Al/Mg Composite: : Processing and Characterization of Pure Aluminium, Al/AZ31 Alloy Bi-Metal and Aluminium based Sheet Composites by Severe Plastic Deformation." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23778.
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Wolcott, Paul Joseph. "Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing: Weld Optimization for Aluminum 6061, Development of Scarf Joints for Aluminum Sheet Metal, and Joining of High Strength Metals." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449162671.
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Moreno, Mariano Eduardo. "Desenvolvimento e implementação de metodologia de otimização da geometria do blank em processos de conformação de chapas metálicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-19042001-140127/.
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Os processos de conformação de metais, apesar de sua extensa aplicação na indústria, tem seus projetos baseados principalmente em técnicas experimentais. Com o desenvolvimento e facilidade de acesso a computadores mais potentes, tornou-se viável a utilização de soluções numéricas como ferramentas de otimização das características do produto, do processo, bem como de seu custo. Um método numérico amplamente utilizado para simulação do processo de conformação é o Método dos Elementos Finitos, que permite a previsão do comportamento do fluxo de material durante a operação de conformação de chapas. Considera-se um blank com perfil ideal aquele onde a peça produzida a partir de sua conformação possua uma flange constante, minimizando ou eliminando a operação de retirada da rebarba. Com o objetivo de se obter o blank com perfil ideal para operação de conformação de chapas, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia de otimização geométrica da forma do blank, que trabalha integrada a um software comercial de análise pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos, o ANSYS/LS-Dyna3D. Apresentam-se os resultados aplicados à simulação da estampagem de uma peça prismática de base quadrada, como meio de validação da metodologia de otimização proposta.The metal forming processes have extensive industrial application although their projects are based mainly in experimental techniques. With the development of more powerful computers, the use of numerical methods to design, simulate and optimize costs of such processes has become possible. Among the numerical methods, the Finite Element Method have large application in forming simulation, since it allows the prediction of the material flow during the sheet metal forming process. Ideal blank shape is that one which produces a part with constant flange, minimizing or eliminating trimming operations. In order to determine the ideal blank shape, this work developed a methodology to blank shape optimization. This optimization methodology has been integrated to a commercial Finite Element analysis software, the ANSYS/LS-Dyna3D. The results applied to a simulation of a square cup part are showed and discussed in order to validate the proposed optimization methodology.
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Dallmeier, Johannes [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Eigenfeld, Klaus [Gutachter] Eigenfeld, Otto [Akademischer Betreuer] Huber, Otto [Gutachter] Huber, and Horst [Gutachter] Biermann. "Experimental analysis and numerical fatigue modeling for magnesium sheet metals / Johannes Dallmeier ; Gutachter: Klaus Eigenfeld, Otto Huber, Horst Biermann ; Klaus Eigenfeld, Otto Huber." Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://d-nb.info/1221068008/34.
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Dallmeier, Johannes [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Eigenfeld, Klaus Gutachter] Eigenfeld, Otto [Akademischer Betreuer] Huber, Otto [Gutachter] Huber, and Horst [Gutachter] [Biermann. "Experimental analysis and numerical fatigue modeling for magnesium sheet metals / Johannes Dallmeier ; Gutachter: Klaus Eigenfeld, Otto Huber, Horst Biermann ; Klaus Eigenfeld, Otto Huber." Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://d-nb.info/1221068008/34.
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Gardner, Rebecca. "An Experimental Investigation of Friction Bit Joining in AZ31 Magnesium and Advanced High-Strength Automotive Sheet Steel." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2159.
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Friction Bit Joining (FBJ) is a recently developed spot joining technology capable of joining dissimilar metals. A consumable bit cuts through the upper layer of metal to be joined, then friction welds to the lower layer. The bit then snaps off, leaving a flange. This research focuses on FBJ using DP980 or DP590 steel as the lower layer, AZ31 magnesium alloy as the top layer, and 4140 or 4130 steel as the bit material. In order to determine optimal settings for the magnesium/steel joints, experimentation was performed using a purpose-built computer controlled welding machine, varying factors such as rotational speeds, plunge speed, cutting and welding depths, and dwell times. It was determined that, when using 1.6 mm thick coupons, maximum joint strengths would be obtained at a 2.03 mm cutting depth, 3.30 mm welding depth, and 2500 RPM welding speed. At these levels, the weld is stronger than the magnesium alloy, resulting in failure in the AZ31 rather than in the FBJ joint in lap shear testing.
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Ferrarini, José Luiz. "Análise e determinação do coeficiente de atrito no processo de estampagem profunda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108527.
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Este trabalho usa o método de determinação do coeficiente de atrito com a utilização das equações de Panknin e do ensaio de Dobramento sob Tensão (DST) para determinar o coeficiente de atrito pelas equações de Panknin foi determinada a força máxima de estampagem de copos cilíndricos dos três materiais, aço inox austenítico AISI 304, aço inox ferrítico AISI 430 e aço de baixo teor de carbono EEP, com uso de quatro lubrificantes. O valor da força máxima de estampagem foi substituída nas equações de Panknin e calculados os coeficientes de atrito. Para o ensaio de Dobramento sob Tensão foram estudadas várias equações que serviram de referência para o cálculo do coeficiente de atrito: Equação das Polias, Equação das Polias Sem Dobramento, Equação das Polias Sem Dobramento considerando os Fatores Geométricos (raio do pino e espessura da chapa), Equação de Wilson, Equação de Sniekers e Equação de Andreasen. Essas equações foram utilizadas para determinar o coeficiente de atrito com a utilização de dois lubrificantes. Os materiais de estudo foram o aço de baixo teor de carbono (EEP), aço inoxidável austenítico (AISI 304) e aço inoxidável ferrítico (AISI 430). A escolha desses materiais foi justificada pela grande quantidade de produtos estampados com esses materiais. No ensaio de DST foram utilizados corpos de prova cortados a 0°, 45° e 90° em relação à direção de laminação da chapa metálica. Nos ensaios de Dobramento sob Tensão utilizou-se uma pressão constante e uma velocidade também constante. Os resultados do coeficiente de atrito calculados pelas equações do ensaio de DST foram comparados com os resultados dos coeficientes de atrito calculados pelas equações de Panknin para validação ou não do uso das equações de Panknin para determinar o coeficiente de atrito e de referência do coeficiente de atrito destes materiais pelo Ensaio de Dobramento Sob Tensão.This paper uses two methods for calculation of the coefficient of friction efficient, using Panknin equations and the Bending under Tension test (DST). To determine the coefficient of friction with the Panknin equations, maximum stamping strength on cylindrical cups of three materials using four lubricants was calculated. The value of maximum stamping strength was replaced in the Panknin equations to calculate the fiction coefficient. For the Bending under Tension test various equations were studied which served as reference to calculate the friction coefficient: Equation of Sheaves, Equation of Sheaves without Bending, Equation of Sheaves without Bending considering the geometric factors (radius of the pin and plate thickness), Wilson Equation, Sniekers Equation and Andreasen Equation. These equations were used to determine the friction coefficient with the use of two lubricants. The studied materials were low carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and ferritic stainless steel (AISI 430). The choice of these materials was justified by the large amount of stamped products with such materials. The Bending under Tension test was performed with specimens cut at 0°, 45° and 90° to the rolling direction of the metal sheet. The tests were made under constant pressure and constant speed. The results of friction the coefficient calculated by equations of the DST test were compared to the results of the coefficients of friction calculated by Panknin equations.
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Evangelista, Sérgio Henrique. "Diagramas de limite de conformação aplicados à análise por elementos finitos de um processo de estampagem em chapas metálicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-17092001-133126/.
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Entre os processos de fabricação mecânicos atuais destacam-se os processos de conformação de chapas metálicas devido à sua produtividade e confiabilidade e a seus baixos custos de produção, baixo consumo de material e produtos nos formatos bem próximos dos esperados nas fases de projeto. Isto só é possível se todas as variáveis do projeto e do processo estiverem conforme as especificações prévias, exigidas principalmente em setores da indústria tais como o aeronáutico e o automobilístico. Um recurso útil para se alcançar estas expectativas é o estudo da estricção e da conformabilidade em chapas metálicas, representadas em diagramas de limite de conformação (DLC), os quais, aliados à análise numérica através do Método dos Elementos Finitos, permitem predições a respeito das variáveis de projeto. Este trabalho tem como objetivos rever e aplicar conceitos relativos a estes aspectos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é de dispor uma metodologia de avaliação e otimização para o processo de estampagem, utilizando-se elementos finitos e DLC. Uma modificação no método de Marciniak-Kuczynski é utilizada para a obtenção do DLC. Busca-se com isto uma contribuição para a redução de custos em aplicações industriais com o uso desta metodologia através da diminuição das fases de tentativas e erros em projeto e reforma de estampos (try-outs).Nowadays, sheet metal forming processes have an important role amongst the mechanical manufacturing processes, because they are characterized by high productivity and reliability at low cost, low material waste and near net shapes from design. This is achieved by controlling the design and process parameters according to initial constraints. This scenario is common at aeronautic and at automobilistic productions . These results are obtained by studies of necking and formability in sheet metals and by the use of forming limit diagrams (FLD) and finite element numerical analysis to predict design parameters. This work reviews these concepts and presents a methodology for optimization of deep drawing processes, by using finite element method and FLD. A modification of the Marciniak-Kuczynski method has been introduced to obtain the FLD. Once this methodology has been performed, it can be possible to reduce try-outs in sheet metal dies and costs reduction can also be obtained.
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Damoulis, Gleiton Luiz. "Análise do processo de conformação de chapas utilizando simulação computacional e engenharia reversa como ferramentas integradas no desenvolvimento e construção de estampos automotivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-10012011-110510/.
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Em anos recentes, os processos de conformação de chapas automotivas têm sido drasticamente modificados. A utilização de equipamentos de medição metrológicos óticos sem contato e respectivos softwares baseados em fotogrametria, bem como o uso de programas de simulação de estampagem baseados no Método dos Elementos Finitos (FEM), estão se tornando uma rotina no desenvolvimento de ferramentais de estampagem, visto que a confiabilidade, precisão de resultados e facilidade de uso em relação à topologia superficial do ferramental, representou um grande salto tecnológico. Entretanto, por maior que tenha sido o avanço, persistem ainda problemas relacionados ao custo benefício quanto à adoção de certas técnicas e a possibilidade de utilizar ambos os sistemas de forma a um complementar o outro. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta tese é analisar o processo de conformação de chapas utilizando simulação computacional e engenharia reversa como ferramentas integradas no desenvolvimento e construção de estampos automotivos. São descritos casos industriais, cujos resultados demonstram que novas técnicas podem ser aplicadas na definição e modelagem do processo de estampagem de chapas metálicas, utilizando a metrologia ótica, engenharia reversa e a simulação computacional baseada no Método dos Elementos Finitos.In recently years, sheet metal forming processes used in automotive industry have been drastically modified. The use of non-contact measurement devices based on optical metrology and respective software based on photogrammetry, and the use of stamping simulation programs based on Finite Element Method (FEM), are becoming a routine in the development of tools for stamping, visa that reliability, accuracy of results and ease of use, in relation to the tooling surface topology, was a major technology leap. However, although this advancement, there are still remaining problems related to the cost benefit of the adoption of certain techniques, and the possibility of the use of both systems, in order to complement one another. In this sense, the aims of this thesis is to analyze the sheet metal forming process using computer simulation and reverse engineering as integrated tools in design and construction of automotive dies. Industry cases are described, whose results show that new techniques can be applied in definition and modeling of stamping metal sheets process, using optical metrology, reverse engineering and computer simulation based on Finite Element Method.
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Affronti, Emanuela [Verfasser], Marion [Akademischer Betreuer] Merklein, Marion [Gutachter] Merklein, Livan [Gutachter] Fratini, Andreas [Gutachter] Maier, Franke [Herausgeber] Jörg, Hanenkamp [Herausgeber] Nico, Merklein [Herausgeber] Marion, Schmidt [Herausgeber] Michael, and Wartzack [Herausgeber] Sandro. "Evaluation of failure behaviour of sheet metals / Emanuela Affronti ; Gutachter: Marion Merklein, Livan Fratini, Andreas Maier ; Betreuer: Marion Merklein ; Herausgeber: Franke Jörg, Hanenkamp Nico, Merklein Marion, Schmidt Michael, Wartzack Sandro." Erlangen : FAU University Press, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213979188/34.
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Tichý, Jan. "Detailní projektování technologického pracoviště ve firmě Kovot Invest s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317196.
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The diploma thesis deals with the design of a new production hall for sheet metal processing in KOVOT Invest s.r.o. The content of the thesis is the analysis of the current state, the capacity calculations of individual technologies and warehouse management. Further design of the layout solution in the hall and economic evaluation of the investment.
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Souto, Nelson. "Desenvolvimento computacional de um teste mecânico para caracterização do material através de análise inversa." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS377/document.
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Grâce au développement des méthodes de mesure de champs, de nouvelles stratégies d’identification de paramètres matériau de lois de comportement mécanique sont proposées, fondées sur l’utilisation d’essais mécaniques hétérogènes. Les champs de déformation hétérogènes développés au cours de ces essais permettent une meilleure caractérisation du comportement mécanique des tôles métalliques et, par conséquent, de réduire considérablement le nombre d’essais nécessaires pour identifier les paramètres matériau de modèles phénoménologiques complexes. Mais comment concevoir ces essais? Dans ce travail, une méthodologie d’optimisation pour le développement d’essais mécaniques hétérogènes est présentée. L’objectif principal est la conception, par analyse inverse et en proposant un indicateur représentatif des états de déformation, d’un essai capable de caractériser le comportement mécanique des tôles métalliques pour plusieurs états de contrainte et déformation. Pour cela, cette étude a été réalisée en considérant un matériau virtuel (acier doux sous forme de tôle mince), obtenu à partir de données expérimentales. En outre, un indicateur qui caractérise les essais mécaniques a été proposé pour être utilisé dans la méthodologie d’optimisation. D’un côté, le comportement mécanique de l’acier doux a été représenté avec un modèle phénoménologique complexe composé du critère anisotrope de plasticité Yld2004-18p, combiné à une loi d’écrouissage mixte et un critère macroscopique de rupture. Pour cette loi de comportement, un procédé d’identification des paramètres du matériau a été développé et le jeu de paramètres identifiés a été validé en comparant des résultats expérimentaux et numériques de l’emboutissage d’un godet cylindrique. D’un autre côté, un indicateur quantitatif pour évaluer l’information du champ de déformation des essais mécaniques a été formulé et sa pertinence a été évaluée à travers l’analyse numérique d’essais classiques et hétérogènes de la littérature. Concernant la méthodologie d’optimisation, deux approches différentes ont été considérées pour la conception de l’essai mécanique hétérogène. La première approche est fondée sur une procédure en une seule étape, où l’optimisation de la forme de l’éprouvette et des conditions aux limites, imposées par un outil, a été effectuée. La seconde approche est fondée sur une technique incrémentale en plusieurs étapes, en optimisant la forme de l’éprouvette et le chemin de déformation, par l’application des déplacements locaux. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés et un essai est retenu pour identifier les paramètres matériau, en utilisant le matériau virtuel comme référence, afin d’illustrer la pertinence de la démarcheWith the development of full-field measurements methods, recent material parameters identification strategies call upon the use of heterogeneous tests. The inhomogeneous strain fields developed during these tests lead to a more complete mechanical characterization of the sheet metals, allowing the substantial reduction of the number of tests in the experimental database needed for material parameters identification purposes. In the present work, an innovative design optimization process for the development of heterogeneous tests is presented. The main goal is the design of a mechanical test able to characterize the material behavior of thin metallic sheets under several stress and strain paths and amplitudes. To achieve this aim, the study was carried out with a virtual material, though derived from experimental data. An indicator of the mechanical interest of the test was proposed, and was used in an optimization procedure to design both the boundary conditions and the sample shape. On the one hand, the virtual behavior of a mild steel was characterized using a complex phenomenological model composed by the Yld2004-18p anisotropic yield criterion combined with a mixed isotropic-kinematic hardening law and a macroscopic rupture criterion. An efficient material parameters identification process based on finite element model updating type was implemented and the identified parameters set was validated by performing a deep drawing test leading either to full drawing or rupture of the blank. On the other hand, an indicator which rates the strain field of the experiment by quantifying the mechanical information of the test was formulated. The relevance of the indicator was stressed out by the numerical analysis of already known classical as well as heterogeneous tests and the results obtained were validated by a material parameter sensitivity study. Two different optimization approaches were used for designing the heterogeneous test, namely (i) a one-step procedure designing both specimen shape and loading path by using a tool and (ii) a sequential incremental technique designing the specimen shape and the loading path of the specimen considering local displacements. The results obtained revealed that the optimization approach proposed was very promising for designing a single experiment able to fully characterize the several strain paths and amplitudes encountered in sheet metal forming processes