Dissertations / Theses: 'Processos Perceptivos'

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Belaunde, Caroline Zimmermann. "Os processos perceptivos do aluno surdo: o universo da arte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-26072018-110940/.

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Ao longo da trajetória histórica do Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos (INES), instituição pioneira na educação de surdos do Brasil, foi possível observar a existência de três abordagens na educação de surdos: o oralismo, a comunicação total e o bilinguismo, que caracterizaram e direcionaram as práticas pedagógicas da instituição. O bilinguismo, que se configura como a abordagem mais atual, concebe a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) como primeira língua do surdo e a Língua Portuguesa como segunda língua, a ser aprendida na modalidade escrita. Todavia, a educação de surdos na perspectiva bilíngue também entende que o processo de compreensão do mundo pelo surdo ocorre por meio da visualidade (PERLIN, 2013; SKLIAR, 2013; QUADROS, 2005). O fato da Libras se caracterizar como uma língua espaço-visual não significa que todas as experiências proporcionadas ao surdo no contexto educacional devam se restringir à percepção visual desse sujeito. Segundo MerleauPonty (1999), o corpo em movimento é a principal via de apreensão do mundo pelo ser humano. Dentro dessa perspectiva, entendemos que uma das áreas que pode contribuir para a compreensão e desenvolvimento da linguagem visual para o surdo é a Arte. A Arte, caracterizada como área do conhecimento que promove a construção de saberes por meio de diferentes linguagens, tais como: teatro, dança, artes visuais e música, envolve um processo de percepção do que está diante de si, de si mesmo e do entorno do sujeito, que transcende a utilização dos cinco sentidos do ser humano (MERLEAU-PONTY, 1999). Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer e discutir a proposta de formação em Arte oferecida aos alunos surdos do 6º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental, em escolas públicas para surdos do município de São Paulo. A pesquisa em questão tem abordagem qualitativa e, além da revisão bibliográfica, realizou uma pesquisa empírica. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada e os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa foram professores de Arte e coordenadores do Ensino Fundamental II das referidas escolas. A análise dos dados permitiu a compreensão de que os entrevistados reconhecem a importância da área na formação do surdo, mas, demonstram o desenvolvimento de um trabalho isolado, evidenciando a necessidade de uma prática mais integrada com a equipe escolar, além de formações que articulem as questões específicas da educação de surdos com o ensino da Arte. Todavia, também foi possível constatar a ênfase na utilização de recursos visuais nas aulas de Arte, a qual foi atribuída à facilidade dos surdos em relação à linguagem visual. As discussões tecidas possibilitaram destacar o lugar da Arte como campo de conhecimento, bem como a importância do corpo como primeira via de apreensão do mundo pelo surdo, portanto, participante no processo de construção de novos saberes. Throughout the historical trajectory of the Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos (INES), a pioneer institution in the education of the deaf in Brazil, it was possible to observe the existence of three approaches in the education of the deaf: oralism, total communication and bilingualism, which characterized and directed the pedagogical practices of the institution. Bilingualism, which is the most current approach, conceives the Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) as the first language of the deaf and the Portuguese Language as the second language, to be learned in the written mode. However, the education of the deaf in the bilingual perspective also considers that the process of understanding the world by the deaf occurs through visuality (Perlin, 2013, SKLIAR, 2013, QUADROS, 2005). The fact that Libras characterizes itself as a space-visual language does not mean that all experiences provided to the deaf in the educational context should be restricted to the visual perception of this individual. According to Merleau-Ponty (1999), the body in movement is the main way of apprehension of the world by the human being. From this perspective, we understand that one of the areas that can contribute to the understanding and development of the visual language for the deaf is Art. Art, described as an area of knowledge that promotes the construction of knowledge through different languages, such as: theater, dance, visual arts and music, involves a process of the perception of what is in front of oneself, a self-perception and the perception of one´s environment, which transcends the use of the five senses of the human being (MERLEAU-PONTY, 1999). Having this in mind, the objective of this study was to investigate and discuss the proposal of training in Art offered to deaf students from the 6th to the 9th grade of elementary education, in bilingual public schools for the deaf in the city of São Paulo. The research in question has a qualitative approach and, in addition to the bibliographic review, has carried out an empirical research. The instrument used for data collection was the semi-structured interview and the individuals that participated in the research were Art teachers and coordinators of Elementary School II of the referred schools. The analysis of the data allowed the understanding that the interviewees recognize the importance of the area in the formation of the deaf, but demonstrate the development of an isolated work, emphasizing the need for a more integrated practice with the school team, as well as trainings that articulate the specific issues of the education of the deaf with the teaching of Art. Nevertheless, it was also possible to note the emphasis on the use of visual resources in Art classes, which was attributed to the ease of the deaf in relation to the visual language. The discussions made it possible to highlight the place of Art as a field of knowledge, as well as the importance of the body as the first way of apprehension of the world by the deaf, therefore, participant in the process of the construction of new knowledge.

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Marin, Ronaldo. "As bases fisiologicas da estrutura triadica da semiotica : analise dos processos perceptivos e cognitivos da criação artistica." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284739.

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Orientador: Ernesto Giovanni Boccara Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T20:39:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marin_Ronaldo_M.pdf: 2887638 bytes, checksum: efc217a82532ac587bc849ffd20cab1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 Resumo: Neste trabalho procuramos demonstrar a existência de uma base fisiológica para a divisão triádica da semiótica estabelecida por Charles Sanders Peirce e que, o reconhecimento dessas bases pode apontar para o estabelecimento de uma teoria semiótica da criatividade. Assim, esta dissertação propõe que a estrutura triádica da semiótica deriva da própria estrutura evolutiva do cérebro humano. Utilizando-se a abordagem primeiramente proposta por Paul MacLean, de que o cérebro humano é produto de um processo evolutivo através do qual são mantidas e aperfeiçoadas suas estruturas básicas fundamentais, o que nos permite dividi-lo em arquiocórtex, paliocórtex e neocórtex, procuramos demonstrar a existência de uma relação direta entre tais estruturas e as categorias universais estabelecidas por Peirce. Sendo assim, são analisadas as possíveis relações entre a Primeiridade, a Secundidade e a Terceiridade com, respectivamente, o que foi denominado por MacLean de cérebro ¿reptiliano¿, cérebro ¿límbico¿ e cérebro ¿mamífero superior¿. Tais relações demonstram que a estrutura triádica encontrada por Peirce, baseado em suas categorias universais, não poderia ser diferente, pois é inerente a um aparato cognitivo de estrutura também triádica: o cérebro humano. Depois de explicitada, a base fisiológica da estrutura triádica da semiótica, tomamo-la como paradigma para a elaboração de nova abordagem para os processos criativos, assumindo que os mesmos decorrem da maior ou menor sensibilidade do indivíduo por uma ou outra categoria de percepção da realidade subjetiva ou objetiva ou mesmo pelo conjunto delas. Para demonstrar tal abordagem, analisamos a obra de alguns artistas a partir desse ponto de vista, estabelecendo assim, subsídios para uma teoria semiótica da criatividade Abstract: This work aim to demonstrate that there is a physiologic base for the triadic division of Peircean semiotic and, if we accept this, we can point to the establishment of new semiotic theory for the creativity. This paper come to prop that the semiotic¿s triadic frame derives from the own human brain¿s evolutionary structure. Using the approach propose first of all by Paul McLean were the human brain is a product of an evolutionary process that keeps and increase it own fundamentals structure ¿ which permits its approach as arquiocortex, paliocortex and neocortex ¿ we try to demonstrate that its possible a straight relationship between such structures and the Peirce¿s universal categories. Thus the work brings out the possible relationship of Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness with respectively, what was named by MacLean as reptilian-brain, limbic-brain and high-mammalian-brain. Such relationship shows us that triadic frame founded by Peirce couldn¿t be different since it is inherent to a cognitive apparatus, which also owns an inner ternary structure: the human-brain. Finally, we use the physiologics bases of the semiotic¿s triadic frame as a paradigm for a new approach for the creative process, proposing they arose from the minor or mayor sensibility the individual has about one or another categories of reality¿s perception ¿ that can be objective, subjective or both. For this demonstration we analyze the work of few artists from this point of view, offering thus dates for a semiotic theory of creativity Mestrado Mestre em Artes

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Cristina, Taunay Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Ana. "O fenômeno muitas faces: estudo comparando a percepção do fenômeno quando utilizados estímulos de face e cadeira." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8496.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8588_1.pdf: 1463271 bytes, checksum: 714c79d6726495fb1757b7278ffe7cb9 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 O Fenômeno Muitas Faces ocorre quando faces são apresentadas na periferia do campo visual. Caracteriza-se pela percepção de variações na imagem, tais como movimentos, mudanças de expressão facial, surgimento de outras características ou outras faces sobrepondo a face apresentada na foto-estímulo. Participaram do presente estudo, 60 voluntários (30 masculinos e 30 femininos), adultos (18 à 30 anos) e saudáveis. Todos foram testados com método psicofísico. Foram instruídos a observar, monocularmente, imagens acromáticas de face e de cadeira, centradas no ponto cego direito ou esquerdo, durante 3 minutos em cada uma das 4 situações experimentais. Foi solicitado aos voluntários que pressionassem a tecla 1 cada vez que percebessem movimento ou mudanças de expressão facial (categoria1) ou a tecla 2 para o surgimento de outra característica ou faces (categoria 2). Os resultados, analisados com a ANOVA e pós-teste Newman-Keuls, apontam para maior incidência do Fenômeno quando usado o estímulo de face com ambos os olhos direito (p=0,001) e esquerdo (p=0,005), principalmente com relação à categoria 2 (p= 0,0001 com olho direito e p= 0,0004 com olho esquerdo). Concluiu-se que embora o Fenômeno ocorra com maior freqüência, com estímulos de faces, ele não é restrito a faces, podendo ocorrer com outro objeto visual (cadeira). Ele parece estar relacionado à adaptação periférica indutora da ativação top-down das áreas de memória visual relacionadas ao estímulo observado. A maior freqüência observada da face pode ser pertinente à especialização na identificação e reconhecimento deste objeto visual. Em adição, um estudo piloto, usando Ressonância Magnética Funcional (fMRI), mapeou a atividade cortical de 1 (um) sujeito durante a apresentação de uma face posicionada no centro, direita ou esquerda do campo visual. Os resultados, tratados com o teste-t pareado, indicaram padrão de atividade no giro fusiforme. A ativação dessa área aumentou após a repetição dos módulos de apresentação, especialmente quando a face foi posicionada nas periferias direita e esquerda. Portanto, o Fenômeno Muitas Faces pode estar relacionado à ativação sustentada do giro fusiforme

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Da, Silva Fabrice. "L’effet d’affordance comme processus émergeant et constitutif de l’activité perceptive." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30028/document.

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L’activité perceptive du sujet semble être impactée par les actions qu’il peut effectivement réaliser à l’égard de son environnement. Néanmoins, il semble que les possibilités d’action du sujet soient le plus souvent envisagées comme des propriétés objectives de l’environnement si bien qu’elles sont généralement décrites comme étant préparatoires à l’action. Ce travail de thèse s’est consacré à défendre l’idée que d’une part, ces possibilités d’action sont des propriétés émergentes de la relation sujet-environnement et que d’autre part, elles sont susceptibles d’avoir un rôle fonctionnel constitutif pour l’activité perceptive. Dans une première série d’études, nous avons observé que des modulations dans les possibilités d’action conduisaient à un renversement des effets de facilitation lorsque des sujets devaient catégoriser des objets préhensibles. Dans une seconde série d’étude, nous avons observé que la capacité à détecter un objet parmi un ensemble d’autres était impactée par les potentiels d’action suggérés par les objets mais également, modulée par l’engagement moteur du sujet dans la tâche. Enfin, dans une troisième série d’études, nous avons mis en évidence que les possibilités d’action pourraient occuper un rôle fonctionnel significatif pour l’activité perceptive du sujet. Ce dernier travail met en effet en évidence que lors de situations perceptives ambiguës, la manière dont est catégorisé un objet semble dépendre de la capacité du sujet à pouvoir le saisir efficacement. L’ensemble de ces résultats semble indiquer que les possibilités d’action sont bien des propriétés du couplage sujet-environnement et occupent une place majeure dans l’activité perceptive. Plus généralement, ces travaux constituent des arguments en faveur d’une prise en compte de l’ensemble de la situation sujet-environnement ainsi que de l’importance de la signification des actions du sujet en fonction des contraintes qui s’exercent sur lui ici et maintenant Perceptual activity seems to be impacted by the actions the subject can actually carry out with regard to its environment. Nevertheless, it seems that subject action possibilities are most often considered as objective properties of the environment so that they are generally described as being preparatory to action. This thesis work has been devoted to defending the idea that on the one hand, these possibilities of action are emergent properties of the subject-environment relationship and on the other hand, they are likely to have a constitutive functional role for perceptual activity. In a first series of studies we observed that modulations in the possibilities of action lead to a reversal of the facilitation effects when subjects were to categorize prehensile objects. In a second series of studies we observed that the ability to detect an object among a set of others was impacted by the action potentials suggested by the objects but also modulated by the subject's driving engagement in the task. Finally, in a third series of studies, we have shown that the possibilities of action could play a significant functional role for subject perceptual activity. Indeed, this last work shows that in ambiguous perceptual situations, the way in which an object is categorized seems to depend on the ability of the subject to grasp it effectively. All these results seem to indicate that the action possibilities are properties of the subject-environment coupling and occupy a major place in the perceptual activity. More generally, these works constitute some arguments in favor of taking into account the whole subject-environment situation as well as the importance of the meaning of the subject actions according to the constraints that are exerted on him, here and now

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Varlet, Manuel. "Dynamique des coordinations interpersonnelles : influence des contraintes informationnelles." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON14003/document.

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Résumé. Nos mouvements sont souvent coordonnés avec ceux d'autres personnes. Ces coordinations interpersonnelles influencent la performance dans certaines activités sportives mais également le succès de nos interactions sociales dans la vie quotidienne. Les recherches passées ont permis de mieux comprendre les processus perceptivo-moteurs qui sous-tendent le contrôle des coordinations interpersonnelles et d'identifier l'influence de certaines contraintes informationnelles comme la façon avec laquelle un acteur prélève de l'information sur les mouvements observés. Il reste néanmoins souvent difficile de comprendre pourquoi nos mouvements se coordonnent plus facilement avec ceux de certaines personnes. A travers le cadre conceptuel et méthodologique de l'approche dynamique, nous tentons au cours de cette thèse de mieux comprendre les contraintes informationnelles qui influencent la dynamique des coordinations interpersonnelles. Pris ensemble, les résultats de nos études montrent que les coordinations interpersonnelles ne dépendent pas uniquement de la manière dont l'information est prélevée mais aussi de la nature de cette information. Nous mettons en évidence que les propriétés des mouvements avec lesquels nous nous coordonnons influencent les coordinations interpersonnelles. La dynamique de coordination dépend de la nature discrète ou continue, de l'amplitude, et de la coordination intrapersonnelle des mouvements des personnes avec lesquelles nous interagissons. Nous montrons également que le prélèvement de l'information, et plus généralement les processus perceptivo-moteurs sous-tendant les coordinations interpersonnelles sont affectés par la pathologie, ici la schizophrénie, mais sont améliorés par l'apprentissage, ici une habileté sportive. Ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des contraintes informationnelles influençant la dynamique des coordinations interpersonnelles. Ils nous permettent de proposer des pistes prometteuses pour l'aide aux personnes montrant un déficit d'interaction sociale Abstract. Our movements are often coordinated to those of other people. Such interpersonal coordination influences the performance in sport activities but also the success of our everyday social interactions. Previous research led to a better understanding of the perceptivo-motor processes underlying the control of interpersonal coordination and identified the influence of some informational constraints such as how an actor pick up information on the movements observed. It is however often difficult to understand why our movements are more easily coordinated to those of some people. Using the conceptual and methodological framework of the dynamical approach, we aim in this thesis at further understanding the informational constraints influencing the interpersonal coordination dynamics. Collectively, the results of our studies show that interpersonal coordination does not depend only on how information is picked up but also on the nature of this information. We show that the properties of the movements with those we coordinate influence interpersonal coordination. The coordination dynamics depend on the discrete or continuous nature, the amplitude, and the intrapersonal coordination of the movements of the people with who we interact. We also show that the pick up of the information, and more generally, the percetivo-motor processes underlying interpersonal coordination are affected by the pathology such as schizophrenia, and improved by learning, sport skills for example. These results lead to a better understanding of the informational constraints influencing interpersonal coordination dynamics. They represent promising research directions to help people having a deficit of social interactions

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Rey, Amandine. "Liens entre mémoire et perception : vers des mécanismes communs." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20076/document.

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Dans notre vie quotidienne, nous recueillons et intégrons constamment un grand nombre d’informations sensorielles (Calvert & Thesen, 2004). Tout au long de nos activités perceptives, les connaissances que nous avons sur l’environnement sont continuellement "récupérées" en mémoire. Le cadre de la cognition incarnée et située proposent que les processus cognitifs (i.e. processus mnésiques, processus langagiers) sont ancrés dans les mêmes systèmes sensorimoteurs que ceux engagés dans les processus perceptivo-moteurs (Glenberg, 1997 ; Slotnick, 2004 ; Pecher & Zwaan, 2005).La mémoire contient des traces sensori-motrices encodées lors des multiples expériences de l’individu dans son environnement (Versace, Labeye, Badard, & Rose, 2009). De nombreux travaux en psychologie cognitive et en neurosciences démontrent que les connaissances sont construites et (re)émergent à partir de l’activation des systèmes neuronaux typiquement associés aux mécanismes perceptivo-moteurs. Le contenu et le fonctionnement de notre mémoire sont intrinsèquement liés à nos activités sensori-motrices passées et présentes. Pour être efficace, les connaissances impliquées dans nos activités cognitives doivent être étroitement liées à la situation présente. Cette capacité à s’adapter à des situations spécifiques ne serait pas possible à moins que les connaissances, y compris les connaissances conceptuelles, soientissues de la réactivation de traces mnésiques d’expériences passées (Barsalou, 2008 ; Versace et al., 2014). Réciproquement, les activités sensori-motrices sont totalement dépendantes des traces mnésiques d’expériences sensori-motrices passées. Ainsi, la différence entre perception et mémoire réside dans le fait que, dans le premier cas, les propriétés sont perceptivement présentes, tandis que, dans le deuxième cas, celles-ci sont absentes mais réactivées.Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif d’étudier les liens entre mémoire et perception et, plus précisément, d’apporter des arguments en faveur de la similarité entre les processus mnésiques et perceptifs qui résultent de l’activation de composants de même nature sensorimotrice.Nous avons testé l’hypothèse selon laquelle des effets perceptifs devraient pouvoir être obtenus avec des composants réactivés en mémoire. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé des effets perceptifs - tels que l’effet de masquage ou les biais de jugement perceptif - afin d’explorer la possibilité de répliquer ce type d’effets avec l’intervention des dimensions mnésiques In everyday life, each of us is constantly processing perceptual input from the environment, we collect and then integrate numerous items of sensory information (Calvert & Thesen, 2004). Alongside these perceptual activities, knowledge related to our environment is continually "recovered" from memory. Embodied cognition and grounded cognition theories suggest that cognitive processes (e.g., memory processes, language processes) are grounded in the same sensory-motor systems as those used in perceptual and motor processes (Glenberg, 1997 ; Slotnick, 2004 ; Pecher & Zwaan, 2005).Memory is composed of sensorimotor traces encoded during the several experiences of an individual in his environment (Versace et al., 2009). A large number of studies in cognitive psychology and neurosciences demonstrated that knowledge is constructed and (re)emerged from the activation of neural systems typically associated with perceptual-motor mechanisms. The contents and the functioning of our memory are intrinsically linked to our past and present sensorimotor activities. To be effective, knowledge involved in our cognitive activities must be closely linked to the actual situation. This ability to adapt to specific situations would not be possible unless knowledge, including conceptual knowledge, is derived from the reactivation of memory traces of past experiences (Barsalou, 2008 ; Versace et al., 2014). Conversely, sensorimotor activities are totally dependent on memory traces of past sensorimotor experiences. Thus, the difference between perception and memory is that, in the former, properties are perceptually present, whereas, in the latter, they are absent but reactivated. This PhD research focused on the link between memory and perception and, more precisely, aims to provide arguments in favor of the similarity of memory and perceptual processes that result from the activation of components of same sensorimotor nature. We tested the hypothesis that perceptual effects should be observed with reactivated components in memory. We used well-known perceptual effects (such as masking effect or perceptual bias invisual illusion) to investigate the possibility to replicate these effects by replacing the sensorial present components by reactivated components in memory

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Costa, Valeria Catelli Infantozzi da. "Lesão seletiva do giro denteado do hipocampo e o desempenho de ratos em tarefas espaciais e temporais." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-21102008-155752/.

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Na literatura encontram-se propostas acerca da função do hipocampo como mediador (1) da memória operacional (working memory) e/ou como responsável pelo processamento de informações espacias e (2) de processos de controle temporal. Avaliou-se os efeitos da lesão seletiva do giro denteado, por aplicação múltipla e tópica de colchicina, no desempenho de ratos previamente treinados em tarefas que envolvem discriminação espacial e controle temporal. Experimento I: Os animais foram submetidos a uma tarefa de non-matchingto- sample (NMTS) em um labirinto em MAIS. Nesta tarefa, em uma primeira fase (fase de informação), o reforço é colocado somente em uma das caixas localizadas no final dos braços transversais - o acesso à outra caixa é bloqueado. Na segunda fase (fase de escolha), o acesso às duas caixas transversais é liberado e o reforço é colocado somente na caixa que não estava previamente disponível durante a fase de informação. Desta forma, os animais devem manter a informação do local previamente reforçado na 1a. fase; além disso, a informação de uma tentativa não pode ser generalizada para as tentativas subsequêntes. Estes mesmos animais foram treinados em uma tarefa temporal realizada em uma caixa de Skinner em um esquema de DRL - Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates. Neste procedimento, a resposta (pressão à barra) é reforçada se, e somente se, ela segue a resposta precedente por um intervalo de tempo específico, no caso, um intervalo de 20 segundos. Na tarefa espacial, embora haja um prejuízo na taxa de re-aquisição da resposta, o treino repetitivo faz com que o desempenho dos animais lesados se equipare aos dos sham. Estes resultados podem ser devidos à recuperação da capacidade de processar informações espaciais, ou então, à utilização de outra estratégia. Na tarefa temporal (DRL) os animais lesados continuam sendo capazes de espaçar suas respostas por um determinado intervalo, porém esse tempo é subestimado, ou seja, a pressão à barra ocorre em um tempo menor que o previamente treinado. Esta alteração no processamento de informações temporais pode dever-se a: a. deficiência no relógio interno - aceleração na contagem do tempo ou, b. deficiência no armazenamento de informações temporais - lembrança de um evento como se ocorresse antes do que de fato ocorre ou, c. porque os animais lesados são incapazes de evitar a pressão à barra, supondo-se que o desempenho deles, inclusive dos animais sham, esteja baseado em uma estratégia espacial de deslocamento na caixa experimental. Experimento II: A seguir, os animais foram testados em uma tarefa de delayed-non-matching-to-sample (DNMTS). Este procedimento é igual ao anterior, com a diferença da introdução de intervalos de 1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 minutos, entre as fases de informação e de escolha. Quando são introduzidos intervalos entre as fases, os animais lesados voltam a apresentar um prejuízo de desempenho com relação aos animais sham. Experimento III: Os sujeitos e equipamento empregados foram os mesmos utilizados no Experimento I e II. Neste experimento, os animais, na fase de escolha, ao invés de saírem da caixa inicial, saíram da caixa da qual acabaram de visitar na fase de informação. Se os animais estivessem utilizando uma estratégia de orientação egocêntrica, então eles deveriam virar à esquerda ou à direita, porém os animais seguiram em frente, dirigindo-se para a caixa alvo. Os resultados obtidos neste teste sugerem que os animais lesados estariam utilizando-se de uma estratégia espacial ou visual para resolverem a tarefa. Com esses resultados pode-se descartar a hipótese de que a recuperação de desempenho dos animais lesados esteja associada à utilização de uma estratégia de orientação egocêntrica; contudo, não pode-se descartar a hipótese da utilização de pistas (estratégia por guiamento). The effects of multiple-site, intradentate, colchicine injections on the performance of a temporal, differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL-20 s) task and a spatial, delayed non-matching-to-place (DNMTP) task in a plus-maze were investigated in rats trained in both tasks prior to the lesion. Quantitative analysis revealed a greater than 86% reduction in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the colchicine-injected rats compared to the sham-operated controls. Dentate gyrus damage rendered rats less efcient than sham-operated controls in the performance of the DRL-20 s task. The DRL inter-response time (IRT) distribution for the DG-lesioned rats and the sham-operated controls was similar; however, while the distribution peak for the control rats was 20 s, it was 16 s for the DG-lesioned rats, indicating that the latter rats underestimated time. Performance of the DG-lesioned rats was also disrupted in the DNMTP task. However, DG-lesioned rats recovered control levels of performance during repeated training with an intertrial interval equal to 3 s. An increase in intertrial interval in lesioned and sham-operated controls disrupted performance in both groups; however, while DG-lesioned rats performed at chance levels when the intertrial interval was increased to 4 min or longer, the sham-operated controls performed at chance levels only when the intertrial interval was increased to 16 min. These results seem most parsimoniously interpreted following the cognitive map theory of hippocampal function.

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8

Fischer, Rhonda. "Principals' perceptions of change processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60392.pdf.

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9

Paul, Diane. "Processes and Perceptions of Remaining Current." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1813.

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This research examined the problem of professional obsolescence and mechanisms available to employees to avoid becoming obsolete. Current literature is reviewed on obsolescence and on remaining current in the nursing profession. Specific areas addressed are indicators of obsolescence and an examination of what happens to skills and abilities when an individual moves from a technical field into its administration. Participants in the research include registered nurses at three hospitals. The research is composed of two phases: an interview phase and a survey phase. Qualitative and quantitative analysis reveal categories of concerns about remaining current. The special concerns an obsolescence of administrative nurses is also addressed.

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Johannesson, Per. "Organizational Alignment : Perceptions, Processes and Strategy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-335887.

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The purpose of the study and following thesis is to investigate how employees in a R&D department perceive the product development process. Review of present process documentation aims at identifying potential discrepancies between the process as it is designed and the way it´s used. The company is operating in a regulatory environment and have recently merged with another company. The company is aligning different processes and work teams. The result indicates that the organization will benefit from working with processes with an inclusive approach, i.e. involve employees working in the process. The process studied is a global process i.e. the process is used at multiple sites. This presents challenges for local adaptations. By actively involving employees a common understanding of the challenges can be achieved which will increase engagement and commitment. The organization will also benefit by looking at the organization from a process perspective. Aligning process goals with departmental goals can be achieved by developing processand department strategies based on overall organizational objectives and the organizational context. The underlying principles for the study are the foundations of TQM. Relevant tools, such as the improvement wheel (PDCA) and GAP-analysis, that can be used for business improvements are presented.

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Galpin, Lesley J. "Processes in word and nonword perception." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352961.

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12

Geoghan, Ingrid Catarina. "A model for processes underlying perception." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358971.

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13

Theemes, Tracy. "Person perception processes in child rearing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28551.

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This study explored perception processes of child rearing. A sample of parents of both special needs and typical children enrolled in preschool child development centres operating in the Vancouver, B. C. Lower Mainland region was asked to complete the Maryland Parent Attitude Scale (MPAS), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), and a demographic questionnaire. There were no significant correlations found between parental attitudes about child rearing (MPAS) and their perception of their child, parents' perceptions of themselves as parents, or parents' perception of their relationship with their child. As well, there were no significant differences between responses of parents of special needs children and parents of typical children. Post hoc multiple regression analyses however, revealed a number of significant and interesting relationships. Results of the multiple regression analyses showed that fathers' rejecting and mothers' protecting child rearing attitudes decreased as the number of children in their family increased. It was also found that mothers perceived their children and themselves as parents more negatively than fathers. In addition, fathers' occupations as measured by the Blishen index (1987) were positively related to their perceptions of their child. Of particular interest was the outcome that male children were repeatedly viewed more negatively by their parents. As well, parents of sons saw themselves as parents and their relationship with their child more negatively than parents of girls. These results suggest that the psychological and sociological aspects of child rearing and the parent child relationship need to be assessed simultaneously. Although the expectations and cognitions of parents are an important area of study, the importance and integral nature of social, cultural, gender and socioeconomic variables cannot be ignored in formulating hypotheses and designing research in this field. Education, Faculty of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of Graduate

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Loach, Daniel. "Inhibitory processes in temporal selection." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275136.

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Bougie, Evelyne. "Group processes and the perception of discrimination." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64323.pdf.

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Johnson, Keith Allan. "Processes of speaker normalization in vowel perception /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487590702993098.

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Chammat, Rohaut Mariam. "Affective Modulation of Visual Processes." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066163.

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L'émotion exerce une influence sur nos comportements mais aussi sur notre perception. En particulier, le traitement perceptif de l'information émotionnelle serait facilité, comme en témoignent les études en neurosciences et en psychologie expérimentale. Les processus de la facilitation perceptive pour l’information émotionnelle constituent la problématique centrale de cette thèse dont nous avons traité trois aspects. Nous nous sommes tout d’abord intéressé à la spécificité de ce phénomène de facilitation pour les stimuli de type naturel, en mesurant, en Potentiels Evoqués (PE), le décours temporel des réponses cérébrales en réponse à des expressions émotionnelles de visages humains ou de stimuli robotiques. Dans une seconde étude en PE nous avons testé la possibilité de modulations visuelles précoces en réponse à des stimuli abstraits au plan sémantique mais dont le sens affectif (humoristique) ou neutre pouvait être était appris. Dans une troisième étude, nous avons exploré les conséquences perceptives du traitement de l’information émotionnelle. Précisément nous avons réalisé une étude psychophysique basée sur le paradigme des mesures conjointes afin de tester l’effet réciproque de l’émotion sur la perception du contraste visuel. L’ensemble de nos résultats converge vers l’idée que les processus affectifs sont de puissants modulateurs de différents aspects de la perception visuelle. Nos résultats soulignent l’impact de l’affect positif sur la perception, un sujet moins communément étudié dans ce domaine recherche Emotions influence our behaviour and our perception. Indeed, converging data from neuroscience and experimental psychology point to a facilitated processing of emotional information. This thesis investigated three aspects of the emotional modulation of perception. Using Evoked Related Potentials (ERP) we first tested the specificity of this perceptual facilitation for natural stimuli. To do so, we measured the temporal dynamics of sad emotional expression processing in human and robotic stimuli. In a second study, using ERPs, we tested the likelihood that early visual modulations would occur to stimuli devoid of any visual meaning but which could be taught as having an affective (humorous) or neutral meaning. In our last paradigm, we explored the perceptual consequences of emotional information processing. More specifically, using a psychophysics experiment based on conjoint measurements, we tested the reciprocal effects of the perceived pleasantness of scenes on their perceived contrast. Taken together, our results converge towards the idea that affective processes are potent modulators of several aspects of visual perception. Our results also highlight the impact positive affect on perception, a topic that is less commonly studied in this field of research

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Schina, Despoina. "Teacher Training in Educational Robotics: participants’ learning and perceptions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672433.

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Els professors no sempre són capaços d’integrar la robòtica educativa (RE) en la seva docència, ja que no solen rebre formació en aquesta àrea com a part de les seves titulacions universitàries. Aquest estudi situa la formació del professorat en RE i les percepcions dels docents sobre RE en el centre de la investigació educativa. La tesi utilitza un disseny de mètode mixt seqüencial exploratori i comença examinant la RE en termes de percepció del professorat, el seu potencial i la seva integració al pla d’estudis, continua amb una revisió de la literatura sobre programes internacionals de formació de professors i conclou amb el llançament de dos programes de formació per a futurs professors (pilot i principal). Les conclusions de l’estudi de les percepcions dels professors suggereixen que els professors tenen una visió positiva de l’aprenentatge dels estudiants amb RE i estan a favor que s’integri als currículums escolars fins i tot en les primeres etapes educatives. La durada i els requisits dels programes actuals de formació del professorat en RE difereixen substancialment, mentre que es considera que les millors pràctiques són la col·laboració, el disseny de materials, la instrucció en pedagogia, les oportunitats de pràctica i el feedback / suport. El programa pilot de formació en RE, va permetre als participants integrar la RE en projectes educatius sobre desenvolupament sostenible en diverses disciplines. Els resultats del principal programa de formació del professorat, va demostrar que la RE va tenir un impacte positiu en l’aprenentatge i les opinions dels participants: i) els participants van integrar la RE en una varietat de projectes educatius a l’àrea de ciències naturals, ii) la seva acceptació i autoeficàcia envers la RE havien millorat després del programa, iii) tenien opinions positives sobre el potencial de la RE. Los profesores no siempre son capaces de integrar la robótica educativa (RE) en su docencia, ya que no suelen recibir formación en esta área como parte de sus titulaciones universitarias. Este estudio sitúa la formación del profesorado en RE y las percepciones de los docentes sobre RE en el centro de la investigación educativa. La tesis utiliza un diseño de método mixto secuencial exploratorio y comienza examinando la RE en términos de percepción del profesorado, su potencial y su integración en el plan de estudios, continúa con una revisión de la literatura sobre programas internacionales de formación de profesores y concluye con el lanzamiento de dos programas de formación (piloto, principal) para futuros profesores y con el estudio de sus percepciones sobre RE y el aprendizaje que se ha llevado a cabo. Las conclusiones sugieren que los profesores tienen una visión positiva del aprendizaje de los estudiantes con RE y están a favor de que se integre a los currículos escolares. La duración y los requisitos de los programas actuales de formación del profesorado en RE difieren sustancialmente, mientras que se considera que las mejores prácticas son la colaboración, el diseño de materiales, la instrucción en pedagogía, las oportunidades de práctica y el feedback / soporte. El programa piloto de formación en RE permitió a los participantes integrar la RE en proyectos educativos sobre desarrollo sostenible en diversas disciplinas. Los resultados del principal programa de formación del profesorado, demostró que la RE tuvo un impacto positivo en el aprendizaje y las opiniones de los participantes: i) los participantes integraron la RE en una variedad de proyectos educativos en el área de ciencias naturales, ii) su aceptación y autoeficacia hacia la RE habían mejorado después del programa, iii) tenían opiniones positivas sobre el potencial de la RE. Teachers are not always capable of integrating educational robotics (ER) into their teaching as they do not often receive training in this area as part of their university degrees. This study places teacher education in ER and teacher perceptions of ER at the center of educational research as they are influencing the integration of ER into the school curriculum. The thesis uses an exploratory sequential mixed method design. It starts by examining ER in terms of teacher perceptions, its potential and integration into the curriculum, continues with a review of the literature on international teacher training programs and concludes by launching two training programs for preservice teachers and studying their perceptions of ER and the learning that has taken place. The findings of the study of teacher perceptions suggest that teachers have a positive view of student learning with ER and are in favor of it being integrated into school curricula even at early educational stages. The duration and requirements of current ER teacher training programs differ substantially, while the best practices are regarded to be collaboration, materials design, instruction in pedagogy, opportunities for practice, and feedback/support. The pilot ER training program enabled the trainees to integrate ER in educational projects on sustainable development in a variety of disciplines. The results of the main teacher training program showed that ER had a positive impact on participants’ learning and opinions: i) participants integrated ER into a variety of educational projects in the area of natural sciences, ii) their acceptance of and self-efficacy towards ER improved after the program iii) they had positive views of the potential of ER, considered teacher training in ER to be useful for their teaching career and made suggestions for improving the training program such as additional training sessions/resources and time for experimentation.

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19

Poisson, Marie E. "Studies in visual search : effects of distractor ratio and local grouping processes." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70299.

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According to Feature Integration Theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980), search for a target defined by features on two different dimensions (e.g. green horizontal target among red horizontal and green vertical distractors) is conducted via serial attentive search of all items in the array. Results presented in this thesis clearly demonstrate that conjunction search is not conducted as a serial self-terminating search, and suggest that subjects selectively search a single feature set. Strong support is also provided for the role of local grouping processes in visual conjunction search. This includes evidence demonstrating: (1) that local context is an important factor in directing search toward the target, and (2) that groups of spatially adjacent homogeneous elements can be processed in parallel. These results point to the importance of spatial layout of target and distractor elements. More recent theories (e.g. Cave & Wolfe, 1990) will have to be amended in order to account for these data.

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Arnold, Esther, and Narbal Silva. "Perceptions of organizational communication processes in quality management." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101186.

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Language is a natural psychological phenomenon, indispensable to all humans in society. This article presents the theoretical foundations on communication in process quality management, bringing studies dealing with communication and ISO 9001:2000 management, aiming at investigating how these variables have been perceived in organizations. The importance of the steps that should permeate the communication process is highlighted through published research, concluding on the need for studies that demonstrate the importance of subjectivity in the communication process, a present phenomenon in any interpersonal relationship. El lenguaje es un fenómeno psicológico natural e indispensable para la sociedad humana. Esta investigación presenta los fundamentos teóricos para el informe de gestión de la calidad por procesos. Para ello, fueron rescatados estudios relacionados con el tema de la comunicación y la gestión por la norma ISO 9001:2000, con el objetivo de investigar cómo estas variables se han percibido en las organizaciones. Se busca poner de relieve la importancia de las medidas que deberían estar presentes en el proceso de comunicación a través de la investigación publicada y se concluye en la necesidad de estudios que demuestren la importancia de la subjetividad en el proceso de comunicación, fenómeno presente en toda relación interpersonal.

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21

Dubost, Béatrice. "Le déchiffrage au piano : contribution à l'investigation des conduites psychologiques impliquées dans la lecture à vue musicale au cours des premières années d'études pianistiques." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100003.

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Les partitions de musique tonale pour le piano figurent des distributions de notes et de valeurs dont la variété des formes structure le discours musical de manière plus ou moins complexe. Dans son expérience sensori-motrice et cognitive première du texte, le lecteur au piano tient compte de la double marche horizontale et verticale de la musique. Son habileté visio-motrice repose sur les ressources d'une programmation interne acquise par conjugaison de l'acculturation musicale et de l'apprentissage favorisant l'intégration des propriétés du langage musical et des données propres à l'instrument ou la musique s'actualisée. La présente recherche expérimentale vise a explorer les mécanismes psychologiques qui sous-tendent la lecture à vue pianistique sur la base d'expériences proposées à un échantillon de 53 sujets de 9 à 14 ans, élèves de conservatoires, repartis en 3 niveaux pianistiques (débutant, préparatoire, élémentaire), et de 10 sujets de niveau supérieur âgés de 15 ans et plus. Les résultats statistiques mettent en évidence que la rapidité de discrimination visuelle des valeurs rythmiques des notes à laquelle s'associent les capacités d'élaboration visuo-spatiale et une bonne connaissance du clavier rentrent en jeu dans la structure des capacités à tous les niveaux de l'apprentissage. De plus, l'effet du niveau pianistique est plus manifeste que l'effet de l'âge sur les performances. La réflexion autour des erreurs de lecture a pour but d'ouvrir les perspectives d'un champ de recherches possibles sur les dynamiques Partitions of tonal music for the piano are a representation of a given set of notes and values taking a number of forms whose variety organize the musical language in a more or less complex way. In his or her first sensorial, motor, and cognitive experience of the text, the reader takes into account the horizontal and vertical axes of music ; His or her visual and motor skills are based on the resources of a self-programming ability acquired through both musical acculturation and practice. Those resources characters with the data particular to the instrument wich allow the music to materialize. This experimental research work aims at analyzing the psychological mechanisms involved in the act of reading partitions for the piano on the basis of several experiments proposed to a sample of subjects composed of 53 learners of 9 to 14 years of age attending music scools and distributed in three groups (first, second, and third degree) and of 10 advanced-level students aged 15 and over. The statistical results show that their altertness in visually discriminating the rhythmical values of notes, their capacities to elaborate a visual and spatial perspective, and their mastery of the keyboard all have a role to play for the building of skills, regardless of the student's level. Besides, the effect of the pianistic level on performance is more visible than the effect of age. The discussion on errors made in reading is intended to open up a new scope for research on the cognitive mechanisms inv

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22

Kerr, J. S. "Eye movement correlates of cognitive processes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381065.

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23

Peterson, Scott. "Analyzing the component processes of visual enumeration." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28945.

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24

Pinard, Minola. "Non-linguistic versus linguistic processes in speech perception." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72057.

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Four studies were conducted in which three sets of tasks were devised which tapped in a standard format, progressively refined, nonlinguistic versus linguistic processes in speech processing. The third set of tasks gave the clearest results. In it, male and female franco-phone subjects of different ages and of varying degree of knowledge of English were tested. Three sets of consonant contrasts were used. A dichotomization into two separate processes was possible by finding expected differential patterns of development for the two tasks; we were able to postulate that the two processes were non-linguistic versus linguistic by finding expected specific patterns of development, specific patterns of sex by age similarities and differences, differential patterns of correlations between degree of bilingualism and consonant contrasts, and unexpectedly a different pattern of performance on one contrast, all according to task. The results are discussed mainly in relation to other experiments on "the phonetic mode".

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Marin, Cécile. "Processus de séparation perceptive des sources sonores simultanées." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030016.

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Ce travail recherche quels sont les macanismes auditifs a l'origine de la separation des sources sonores simultanees. Un regroupement de certains indices acoustiques de separation est fait pour en clarifier la description. Puis quatre series d'exeriences cherchent a connaitre les mecanismes auditis responsables de la scision de stimulti dans lesquels ces indices sont presents. Les deux premieres recherchent le mecanisme auditif a l'origine incoherence des modulations de frequence. Les deux suivantes s'interessent aux interactions de quatre indices. La premiere serie d'experiences montre que la detection de battements auditifs n'est pas seule responsable de la separation d'un son fixe joue simultanement a un son dont la frequence fondamentale est differente. La deuxieme serie d'experiences verifie qu'il existe un mecanisme qui peut comparer les sorties des differents canaux frequentiels, et detecter si leurs modulations en frequence sont incohenrentes. Plus le nombre de regions frequentiels, et detecter si leurs modulations en frequence sont detection est aisee. Le systeme auditif peut aussi regrouper les informations de canaux frequentiels voisins ayant des reponses coherentes. La troisieme serie d'experiences porte sur les interactions de quatre indices de separation des sources sonores simultanees: l'asynchronisme, l'incoherence de la modulation d'amplitude, l'incoherence de la modulation de frequence et la polyperiodicite (presence de signaux ayant des periodes differentes qui ne sont pas multiples entiers). La presence de plusieurs indices de separation permet d'ameliorer la performance obtenue avec un seul indice. On ne constate pas la predominance d'un indice sur l'autre, mais la modulation d'amplitude est un indice moins important que les autres. La derniere serie d'experiences montre que la coherence de la modulation de frequence reussit a empecher l'indice de separation polyperiodicite d'operer, mais elle n'a pas d'influence sur l'indice differente d'intensite This research seeks to identify the auditory mechanisms at the origin of the segregation of concurrent sound sources. Certain acoustic cues for segregation are recombined in order to clarify the description. Four series of experiments study the auditory mechanisms responsible for the segregation of stimuli within which these cues are present. The first two series investigate the auditory mechanism underlying the use of the cue incoherent frequency modulation. The next two series are concerned with interactions among four cues. The first series of experiments showed that the detection of auditory beats is not solely responsible for the segregation of a study sound played simultaneously with a sound whose fundamental frequency is either diferent or modulated in frequency. The second series of experiments verified that there exists a mechanism which can compare the outputs of different auditory frequency channels and detect whether their frequency modulations are incoherent. If the number of frequency regions contaiging the incoherence is greater, the detection is easier. The auditory system can also combine the information from neighboring frequency channels that have coherent responses. The third series of experimented focussed on the mutually reinforcing interactions among four segregation cues for concurrent sound sources: onset asynchrony, amplitude modulation incoherence, frequency modulation incoherence, and polyperiodicity (or the presence of compenent signals whose periods are different and not integer multiples of one another). The presence of several segregation cues results in an improvement over the performance obtained with a single cue. A predominance of one cue over another is not generally observed, with the exception of amplitude modulation which seems to be a less important cue than the others. The last series of experiments showed that the frequency modulation coherence cue succeeds in reducing the effect of the polyperiodicity cue, but does no have an influence on an intensity difference cue

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De, Wit Mattheus Maria. "Information over function: a reappraisal of the perception-action model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434366.

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In the influential perception-action model, the ventral visual system of the primate brain serves to obtain knowledge of objects in the environment, while the dorsal system serves to control actions in interaction with those objects. In recent years, criticism of the model has gained momentum following reports of evidence that involvement of the two systems may not principally depend on whether observers are engaged in action or perception tasks. This thesis appraises the perception-action model over the course of five experiments that test a number of the model’s central assertions. Evidence for an alternative functional characterization of the dorsal and ventral systems is obtained. Specifically, the evidence suggests that the dorsal system can be involved in both action and perception on the basis of fast egocentric information pickup, while the ventral system can be involved in both perception and action on the basis of slower allocentric information pickup. This raises the possibility that a more fundamental distinction pertains to the characteristics of information pickup by the two systems rather than to the behavioral functions subserved. The thesis develops a stance in which involvement of the two systems in the visual guidance of behavior is dependent on their operational characteristics in combination with the constraints of the task. The proposed relevant task constraints are: (i) whether tasks allow for egocentric and/or allocentric information pickup, (ii) the amount of time that is available for information pickup in a task and, possibly, (iii) whether stimuli are located within or outside functional space (the space that affords action for an observer). Whether a task requires an immediate or a delayed response is of less importance. It is argued that while the typical requirements of perception and action tasks bring about a tight coupling between perception and the ventral system and action and the dorsal system, this coupling is not invariant; perception can involve fast egocentric information pickup and action can involve slower allocentric information pickup. The findings are discussed in the context of higher-level theories of visual perception. It is proposed that the view of the dorsal and ventral visual systems that is suggested by the findings presented in this thesis corresponds better with ecological than with constructivist approaches to visual perception. published_or_final_version Human Performance Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy

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Siebler, Frank. "Connectionist modelling of social judgement processes." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369679.

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Kopyar, Beth Ann. "Intensity discrimination abilities of infants and adults : implications for underlying processes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8263.

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Sinder, J. Blake, Alexander T. Vazsonyi, and Andrea D. Clements. "Late Adolescent Perceptions of Parent Religiosity and Parenting Processes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7212.

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The current investigation examined the relations between adolescent reports of parent religiosity and parenting processes, using both a dimensional and a typological conceptualization of parenting. Self‐report data were collected from 357 late adolescents. Partial correlations indicated that parent religiosity was associated with both parenting dimensions and parenting styles in conceptually expected directions. Regression analyses provided evidence that the dimensional conceptualization of parenting explained additional variability in perceived parental religiosity above and beyond parenting style effects. Findings suggest that a dimensional conceptualization of parenting processes extends the literature on parent religiosity because it yields more nuanced information about how parental religiosity may be related to differentiated parenting behaviors. Potential therapeutic implications of the findings are discussed.

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Snider, J. Blake, and Andrea D. Clements. "Late Adolescent Perceptions of Parent Religiosity and Parenting Processes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7299.

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Boutet, Isabelle. "An investigation into the cognitive processes that mediate face perception /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38157.

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A set of empirical studies is presented that examines the relationship between face perception, the modular hypothesis of cognitive function proposed by Fodor (1983), and attention. In the first study, two different manipulations were used to examine whether faces automatically trigger holistic processing operations as measured by the composite effect. The results support a modular account of face perception. The second study introduces a novel rivalry phenomenon produced by overlapped upright tilted faces. The results indicate that this effect is dependent upon orientation with overlapped inverted faces being perceived as ambiguous in a majority of trials. The third study further examined the factors underlying this rivalry effect. It was found that contrast reversal did not influence the rivalry effect produced by overlapped upright faces and that overlapped houses did not produce rivalry. Results from both studies were taken as evidence that faces are more readily processed as Gestalts compared to other complex objects and therefore engage domain specific operations. The results also suggest that fast operations underlie perception of a face as a Gestalt. Finally, it was suggested that the rivalry effect produced by overlapped faces may illustrate informational encapsulation in face perception. In the fourth study, faces were used to investigate the relationship between attention and modular functions. Three separate experiments showed that faces and houses compete for attention. This finding suggests that the face perception module does not have its own dedicated attentional resources but rather shares a common pool with other visual processes. Results from one experiment also suggested an advantage for faces in the allocation of attention at very short presentation times. This advantage was postulated to arise from two interacting mechanisms that is, faces capture attention over other objects and faces are more automatically encoded than other objects. Together, these studies indicate that a modular conceptualization of face processing is both appropriate and useful. They also demonstrate the utility of faces for investigating cognitive mechanisms that mediate modular functions.

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Prigent, Elise. "Modulation émotionnelle de la perception de l’action motrice d’autrui." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA113006.

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L’être humain est un être social amené à comprendre les comportements moteurs d’autrui. Selon la littérature, nous disposons de mécanismes cognitifs spécifiques, d’une part à la perception d’un corps humain (qu’il soit statique ou en mouvement), et d’autre part à la perception des expressions faciales émotionnelles. Ce travail de thèse vise à comprendre dans quelle mesure l'émotion véhiculée par le visage d'une personne, peut moduler notre perception de son action motrice. Les résultats de l’étude 1 ont montré que l’estimation de l’équilibre statique d’autrui pouvait être modulée par l’expression faciale émotionnelle (de sourire ou de crispation) exprimée par celui-ci. L’étude 2, a porté sur l’estimation de l’effort physique développé par une personne uniquement à partir de son expression faciale de douleur. Les résultats ont montré que les participants, dans ce type de tâche, utilisent deux mécanismes perceptifs automatiques. Le premier, mis en évidence par mesure fonctionnelle, facilite l’estimation de l’intensité de douleur à l’effort ressentie par autrui. Le second, démontré par la mesure d’un biais de mémorisation, entraîne une anticipation automatique de la suite de l’évolution de l’expression faciale de douleur à l’effort présentée. L’étude 3 a montré que l’estimation de l’effort physique développé par une personne atteinte de paraplégie réalisant un mouvement de transfert, est modulée par deux comportements de douleur (l’auto-protection et l’expression faciale de douleur). Toutefois, cette modulation diffère selon la familiarité des participants avec le monde médical et la paraplégie. En conclusion, ce travail de recherche propose que la modulation émotionnelle de la perception de l’action motrice d’autrui est en premier lieu sous-tendue par un processus automatique et implicite de contagion émotionnelle (bottom-up). Toutefois, cette dernière peut être inhibée par un processus explicite (top-down) qui dépendrait d’une part du type d’inférence à effectuer sur autrui (estimer l’équilibre postural ou l’effort physique développé), et d’autre part de la familiarité de l’observateur avec l’action motrice et les expressions faciales présentées Understanding others’ motor behaviour is part and parcel of Humans’ social experience. According to scientific literature, we rely on specific mechanisms for perceiving human bodies (whether static or moving) on the one hand, and processing emotional facial expressions on the other hand. This thesis aims to understand to what extent the emotion conveyed by a person’s face can modulate one’s perception of her/his motor action. Results of study 1 showed that our estimation of an individual’s static equilibrium is modulated by the observed individual’s emotional facial expression (smiling or tensed). Study 2 focused on perceptual estimation of the physical effort developed by a person on the basis of his facial expression of pain alone. Results revealed that participants adopt two automatic perceptual mechanisms. The first, highlighted via functional measurement, facilitates estimating the intensity of effort pain felt by others. The second, evidenced by measuring memory bias, leads to an automatic anticipation of the subsequent changes in the intensity of pain-related facial expressions. Study 3 showed that the estimation of physical effort developed by a paraplegic individual performing a transfer movement is modulated by two pain behaviours (guarding and facial expression of pain). Interestingly, this modulation varies with participants’ familiarity with both the medical domain and paraplegia. The conclusion of this research suggests that the modulation of emotional perception related to others’ motor action is primarily subtended by an automatic (bottom-up) process and an implicit emotional contagion. However, the latter can be inhibited by an explicit (top-down) process which may depend on (1) the type of inference made on others (estimating postural balance or physical effort developed in others), and (2) the familiarity of the observer with motor action and facial expressions

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33

Cleary, Robert. "Spatial frequency selective processes in short range motion perception." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237562.

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PENEL, AMANDINE. "Variations temporelles dans l'interpretation musicale : processus perceptifs et cognitifs." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066366.

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Cette these porte sur les processus d'organisation temporelle dans la production et la perception de la musique, apprehendes par l'analyse des variations temporelles systematiques produites dans l'interpretation musicale et par l'etude de leur perception. Deux processus sont presentes : le groupement et l'utilisation d'une regularite temporelle, eventuellement incorpores dans des organisations hierarchiques. Leur validite psychologique est montree a partir des sequences sonores simples, de la parole, et de la musique. Nous nous focalisons ensuite sur l'origine des variations temporelles systematiques produites dans l'interpretation musicale, et proposons : 1) une hypothese de communication structurale (interpretation de la structure musicale et sa communication aux auditeurs), 2) une hypothese perceptive (compensation de biais perceptifs) et 3) une hypothese motrice contraintes motrices). Une premiere experience montre que les variations expressives induisent la perception de pulsations a des niveaux plus eleves, leur role n'est donc pas purement ornemental. Nous testons ensuite les hypotheses proposees pour expliquer les variations temporelles. Les resultats suggerent une preponderance de la structure hierarchique de groupe, avec un ralentissement a la fin (ou au debut) des groupes a tous les niveaux, celle-ci augmentant avec la profondeur hierarchique, et communiquant effectivement une interpretation structurale particuliere (1). L'allongement du dernier intervalle de temps des groupes rythmiques compense le fait que cet intervalle est percu comme plus court qu'il n'est (2). Enfin, une serie d'experience examine la perception des accelerations par rapport aux ralentissements, montrant la synchronisation de rythmes internes

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Çetin, Özgür. "Multi-rate modeling, model inference, and estimation for statistical classifiers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5849.

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Liu, Chong. "Reinforcement learning with time perception." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reinforcement-learning-with-time-perception(a03580bd-2dd6-4172-a061-90e8ac3022b8).html.

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Classical value estimation reinforcement learning algorithms do not perform very well in dynamic environments. On the other hand, the reinforcement learning of animals is quite flexible: they can adapt to dynamic environments very quickly and deal with noisy inputs very effectively. One feature that may contribute to animals' good performance in dynamic environments is that they learn and perceive the time to reward. In this research, we attempt to learn and perceive the time to reward and explore situations where the learned time information can be used to improve the performance of the learning agent in dynamic environments. The type of dynamic environments that we are interested in is that type of switching environment which stays the same for a long time, then changes abruptly, and then holds for a long time before another change. The type of dynamics that we mainly focus on is the time to reward, though we also extend the ideas to learning and perceiving other criteria of optimality, e.g. the discounted return, so that they can still work even when the amount of reward may also change. Specifically, both the mean and variance of the time to reward are learned and then used to detect changes in the environment and to decide whether the agent should give up a suboptimal action. When a change in the environment is detected, the learning agent responds specifically to the change in order to recover quickly from it. When it is found that the current action is still worse than the optimal one, the agent gives up this time's exploration of the action and then remakes its decision in order to avoid longer than necessary exploration. The results of our experiments using two real-world problems show that they have effectively sped up learning, reduced the time taken to recover from environmental changes, and improved the performance of the agent after the learning converges in most of the test cases compared with classical value estimation reinforcement learning algorithms. In addition, we have successfully used spiking neurons to implement various phenomena of classical conditioning, the simplest form of animal reinforcement learning in dynamic environments, and also pointed out a possible implementation of instrumental conditioning and general reinforcement learning using similar models.

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Pouget, Pierre. "Chronométrie des processus de sélection pour la saccade et la perception." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H001.

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En vision, la sélection est cruciale. Elle dépend de la saillance et des propriétés des objets, mais également de l'intention d'exécuter un mouvement à une position spécifique de l'espace. Les expériences de cette thèse ont permis de caractériser trois stades durant la latence de la saccade. Plus de 130 msec avant le départ de la saccade, la cible sélectionnée pour la percetion est déterminée par les propriétés des stimuli. Entre 80 et 130 msec avant le départ de la saccade, les processus de sélection de la cible pour la saccade coopèrent ou entrent en compétition avec les processus de sélection déterminés par les propriétés du stimulus. Enfin moins de 80 msec avant l'exécution de la saccade, le processus de sélection de la cible pour la saccade détermine la cible sélectionnée pour la perception. Ces résultats démontrent que les processus de sélection pour l'action et la perception sont dissociés avant d'être strictement couplés spartialement à la position visée par la saccade Selection is crucial in vision. Visual selection depends on the saliency and the attributes of the objects. On the other hand, the programming of a saccadic movement towards an object also influences visual selection. The experiments of my thesis show that more than 130 msec before the saccade onset, visual selection operates on the basis of stimulus-driven attributes. Then, between 80 and 130 msec before the saccade triggering, the saccade-driven selection process operates in parallel with the stimulus-driven selection. Later, less than 80 msec when the saccade is imminent, the visual selection process operates only on the basis of the saccade-driven selection. At this time during the saccade preparation, a strict spatial coupling is observed between the perception and the saccade end point calculation. Overall, these results demonstrate that the selection processes for action and perception are dissociated before being coupled at the saccade end point calculation

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O'Donnell, Helen Louise. "Visual texture integration processes and the role of selective attention." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327345.

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39

Carter, Nari. "Educators' Perceptions of Collaborative Planning Processes for Students with Disabilities." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1344.pdf.

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40

Alliot, Liliane. "Effets des processus de catégorisation croisée sur les perceptions intergroupes." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3018.

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La question de la catégorisation croisée dans l'organisation peut s'inscrire utilement dans la perspective d'une psychologie sociétale, privilégiant le recours à des explications de niveaux positionnel et idéologique (Doise, 2000). Dans cette perspective, cette recherche a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les effets d'appartenances croisées sur les perceptions entre des groupes professionnels ainsi que d'étudier, de façon plus modeste, certaines modulations introduites par des variables liées à la situation de travail, et par des facteurs motivationnels et de personnalité. Trois variables perceptives sont étudiées : la perception de la valeur des groupes, de la valeur des rapports sociaux et de la variabilité intragroupe. L'étude empirique a porté sur une population de 315 médecins et infirmiers des deux sexes en milieu hospitalier. Les résultats mettent en évidence des processus normatifs à l'œuvre dans les perceptions intergroupes, montrant l'intérêt de compléter l'étude des cognitions par celle de l'idéologie. Les mécanismes de saillance catégorielle entre le statut professionnel et sexuel sont mis au jour. Des formes de discrimination implicite entre les groupes professionnels étudiés sont révélées. La prise en compte de la distinction entre la désirabilité et l'utilité sociales (Beauvois 1990, 1994, 1995) permet une compréhension plus nuancée de la dynamique des favoritismes intergroupes. Une large place est faite à la description des stratégies perceptives des dominants. En définitive, seules les variables positionnelles influencent la perception des groupes et celle des rapports sociaux, alors que les facteurs situationnels, motivationnels et de personnalité considérés n'ont qu'un faible impact, localisé sur certains contenus perceptifs. Notons toutefois que les jugements de variabilité intragroupe sont influencés par le statut numérique des groupes en présence plutôt que par les appartenances catégorielles des participants The question of crossed categorization in an organization can fit well into a perspective of societal psychology, favouring positional and ideological explanations of this fact (Doise, 2000). In this perspective, this research aims to show the effects of crossed memberships on perceptions between professional groups, and also to study, in a more modest manner, certain differences introduced by variables linked to the work situation, and by factors such as motivation and personality. Three perceptive variables are studied : the perception of the value of groups, of the value of social relationships and of intragroup variability. The main study was carried out on a population of 315 doctors and nurses of both sexes working in hospitals. The results reveal normative processes at work in intergroup perceptions, showing why it is necessary to complement the study of cognition with a study of ideology. Mechanisms of categorical salience between professional and sexual status emerge. Forms of implicit discrimination between the professional groups studied can be seen. The consideration of the distinction between desirability and utility (Beauvois 1990, 1994, 1995) gives a clearer understanding of the dynamic of intergroup biases. The description of perceptive strategies of dominants is given great importance. Definitively, positional variables alone influence the perception of groups and of social relationships. Situational, motivational and personality factors considered only have a slight impact, limited to some perceptive content. It is, however, important to note that judgments of intragroup variability are influenced by the numerical status of groups present rather than by the categorical memberships of the participants

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Kirkley, Debra Lynn. "Mentoring in Nursing Doctoral Education: Processes, Perceptions, Problems and Prospects." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2190/.

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This study described the mentoring relationship between doctoral nursing students and their committee chairs. Twenty-two public university doctoral programs responded to a request for names and addresses of their doctoral candidates. The Major Professor Mentoring Scale was used to measure the mentoring relationship. The survey also included demographic and open-ended questions regarding the student-committee chair relationship. Surveys were mailed to 269 doctoral students with an 86% return rate. A principal components analysis was performed to identify the structure underpinning the relationship. The typical doctoral student in this sample was found to be a 44 year old Caucasian female, married with children, working full or part time while pursuing a PhD degree. Students traveled an average of 85 miles each way to campus and nearly half had selected their program based on its location. The typical committee chair was a Caucasian, tenured, associate or full professor between 46 and 69 years of age. The majority of chairs were married and had funded research projects. The students in the study reported knowing their chairs for an average of five years. The study revealed that mentoring is occurring in the majority of relationships between doctoral nursing students and their committee chairs. Students identified many strengths and weaknesses in their relationships with their chairs although the relationship appears to be largely positive. The mentoring relationship is composed of four principal components, the largest of which is psychosocial support. Dissertation support, role modeling and scholarly collaboration comprise the other three components. The factor receiving the most positive rating was role modeling, suggesting that students see their chairs as intelligent and hard-working. Students also report positive feelings about both the psychosocial and dissertation support they have received from their chairs. Students reported more neutral feelings about scholarly collaboration suggesting that this is not a frequent occurrence in the relationship. Demographic variables including age, sex, race, geographic distance and family status were not predictors for mentoring scores.

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42

Fabrigoule, Colette. "Etude des processus cognitifs impliqués dans l'apprentissage spatial chez le chien et le renard." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22060.

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En milieu naturel les renards manifestent une grande variabilite de deplacements a l'interieur de leur domaine. Cette variabilite de trajets est beaucoup plus compatible avec la theorie cognitive selon laquelle les animaux reorganisent les informations collectees dans le milieu qu'avec la theorie behavioriste qui affirme que les animaux acquierent les habitudes locomotrices. Les chiens, confrontes a des situations de recherche libre de nourriture, montrent egalement une grande variabilite de trajets. Ils sont capables de reorganisation et d'integration de l'information collectee

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Aglieri, Virginia. "Behavioural and neural inter-individual variability in voice perception processes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0176/document.

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Chez l'homme, la voix facilite les interactions sociales par la transmission d’informations sur l'identité de la personne, ses émotions ou sa personnalité. En particulier, l'identité du locuteur peut être automatiquement extraite même lorsque le message et l'état émotionnel varient, ce qui suggère des mécanismes cognitifs et cérébraux partiellement dissociables pour ces processus. Cependant, la reconnaissance d'une voix familière ou la discrimination entre deux locuteurs sont, pour certains sujets, non seulement non-automatiques, mais même impossibles. Ce déficit, lorsqu'il se manifeste dès la naissance, est appelé phonagnosie du développement et constitue la contrepartie auditive de la prosopagnosie (déficit de reconnaissance des visages). Dans le domaine visuel, il a été proposé que les sujets affectés par la prosopagnosie du développement représentent des cas extrêmes dans la distribution des capacités de reconnaissance de visages. A l’inverse, des "super-reconnaisseurs" des visages se situaient à l’opposé de cette distribution.Comme la distribution des capacités de reconnaissance de la voix dans la population générale était encore inconnue, le premier objectif de cette thèse a été d'en étudier les différences individuelles au moyen d'un court test - le Glasgow Voice Memory Test (GVMT). Les résultats obtenus ont reflété une large variabilité interindividuelle dans les capacités de reconnaissance des voix: parmi une cohorte de 1120 sujets, il y avait à la fois des sujets avec des performances significativement en dessous de la moyenne (potentiels phonagnosiques) et des "super-reconnaisseurs" des voix. Cette variabilité individuelle comportementale semblerait se refléter au niveau cérébral, comme révélés par l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) : en fait, il a été montré précédemment qu'il existait une variabilité interindividuelle considérable dans le signal BOLD (blood-oxygen level dependent) lié à la voix dans les zones temporales de la voix (TVAs). Ces régions sont situées sur le bord supérieur des sulcus/gyrus temporal supérieur (STS/STG) et montrent une activation préférentielle pour les sons vocaux plutôt que non vocaux. Le deuxième objectif de ce travail fut de mieux caractériser le lien entre les mécanismes comportementaux et neuronaux sous-tendant la variabilité interindividuelle dans les processus de reconnaissance des voix. Pour cela, nous avons examiné comment la perception de la voix modulait la connectivité fonctionnelle entre les TVAs, constituant le "noyau" du réseau de perception de la voix, et les régions frontales également sensibles aux voix, constituant une extension de ce réseau. Les résultats ont montré qu'il y avait une connectivité fonctionnelle positive dans l'ensemble du réseau et que la connectivité fonctionnelle fronto-temporelle et fronto-frontale droite augmentait avec les scores obtenus lors du GVMT.Pour compléter ce travail, nous avons réalisé une autre étude IRMf en utilisant des analyses multivariées, afin de clarifier les corrélats neuronaux de la reconnaissance du locuteur mais aussi le lien entre sensibilité cérébrale à la voix et capacités de reconnaissance du locuteur. Pour cela, des sujets ayant des capacités de reconnaissance vocale hétérogènes ont été soumis à la fois à une tâche d'identification du locuteur et à une tâche d'écoute passive de sons vocaux et non vocaux. Les résultats ont confirmé que l’identification du locuteur s’effectuait via un réseau étendu de régions, incluant les TVAs mais aussi des régions frontales. De plus, nous avons observé que le score de classification voix/non-voix dans le STS droit permettait de prédire les capacités d'identification des locuteurs.Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que les capacités de reconnaissance vocale varient considérablement d'un individu à l'autre et que cette variabilité pourrait être le reflet de profils d’activité cérébrale différents au sein du réseau de la perception de la voix In humans, voice conveys heterogeneous information such as speaker’s identity, which can be automatically extracted even when language content and emotional state vary. We hypothesized that the ability to recognize a speaker considerably varied across the population, as previously observed for face recognition. To test this hypothesis, a short voice recognition test was delivered to 1120 subjects in order to observe how voice recognition abilities were distributed in the general population. Since it has been previously observed that there exists a considerable inter-individual variability in voice-elicited activity in temporal voice areas (TVAs), regions along the superior temporal sulcus/gyrus (STS/STG) that show preferentially activation for voices than other sounds, the second aim of this work was then to better characterize the link between the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying inter-individual variability in voice recognition processes through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results of a first fMRI study showed that functional connectivity between frontal and temporal voice sensitive regions increased with voice recognition scores obtained at a voice recognition test. Another fMRI study showed that speaker’s identity was treated in an extended network of regions, including TVAs but also frontal regions and that voice/non-voice classification accuracy in right STS increased with speaker identification abilities. Altogether, these results suggest that voice recognition abilities considerably vary across subjects and that this variability can be mirrored by different neural profiles within the voice perception network

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44

Fernandez, Damien. "L'attention visuelle sélective : pertinence, saillance, résistance à l'interférence." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20074/document.

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Cette thèse portait sur l'attention visuelle sélective, dans le domaine non-spatial, c'est-à-dire la capacité à favoriser le traitement perceptif de certains objets de la scène visuelle au détriment des autres. En particulier, l'objectif était d'étudier, à l'aide de tâches de recherche visuelle, les différentes interactions possibles entre les processus endogènes (liés aux intentions et connaissances du sujet) et les processus exogènes (liés aux caractéristiques perceptives des objets). Une première série d'expériences démontrait que la saillance pouvait présenter des effets relativement durables. Cependant, ces effets de saillance pouvaient être favorisés ou contrecarrés par des processus endogènes (induits par indiçage portant sur la taille), et modulés par l'amorçage perceptif. Une seconde série d'expériences démontrait que la résistance à l'interférence induite par un distracteur saillant dépendait de ressources attentionnelles centrales, et était modulée par la charge perceptive. Enfin, la troisième série d'expériences validait l'hypothèse d'une intégration entre des signaux endogènes et exogènes compatibles mais strictement distincts. La falsification de l'inégalité de Miller (1982) précisait que cette intégration reposait sur une coactivation effective, non sur une simple facilitation statistique entre signaux strictement indépendants. Le locus cognitif de cette intégration semble être le système perceptif. L'ensemble des données présentées souligne la flexibilité du contrôle attentionnel, et invite à développer un modèle général de l'attention visuelle sélective basé sur l'hypothèse de compétition biaisée (Desimone & Duncan, 1995) This thesis was about visual selective attention, toward non-spatial features, that is, the ability to favour the perceptual processing of some objects in the visual scene, at the expense of others. In particular, the aim was to study, through visual search experiments, the various possible interactions between endogenous (linked with incentives and knowledge of subjects) and exogenous (linked with perceptual properties of the objects) processes. The first series of experiments showed long-lived salience effects. These salience effects could, hewever, be favoured or overriden by endogenous processes (induced by cueing the target size), and modulated by perceptual priming. The second series evidenced that resisting the interference induced by a salient distractor depended on central attentional resources, and was modulatted by perceptual load. Finally, the third series demonstrated that separate endogenous and exogenous signals could genuinely integrate. This integration could not be accounted for by a race between strictly independant signals, as evidenced by the falsification of the Miller's (1982) inequality. This integration might occur in the perceptual system. Theglobal set of data highlighted the flexibility of endogenous attentional control, and invited developping a general model of visual selective attention, on the basis of the biased competition hypothesis

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45

Reeder, Sarah. "Relationships in Aging, Cognitive Processes, and Contingency Learning." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/259.

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This study investigated the influence of age, processing speed, working memory,and associative processes on the acquisition of contingency information. Young and older adults completed positive (+.65) and negative (-.65) contingency tasks that measured their ability to discover the relationship between a symptom (e.g., FEVER) and a fictional disease (e.g., OLYALGIA). Both d' scores, i.e., contingency learning, and contingency estimates, i.e., contingency judgment, were examined. Participants were also asked to complete cognitive tasks that measure the constructs of processing speed, working memory resources, associative memory, and associative learning. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect relationships between processing speed, working memory resources, associative memory, associative learning, and positive and negative contingency learning and judgment for young and older adult groups. Young adults outperformed older adults on the cognitive tasks and on contingency learning and judgment tasks. However, age differences were smaller for the positive contingency than for negative contingency. A comparison of the structural equation models for young and older adults showed no relationship between any cognitive construct and negative contingency learning. However, young adults' judgment for the negative contingency was directly influenced by associative learning, while their learning and judgment for the positive contingency was directly influenced by associative memory. For older adults, working memory executive function directly influenced their judgment for the negative contingency and their learning and judgment for the positive contingency. Processing speed had an indirect effect on older adults' contingency learning and judgment that was mediated by working memory executive functioning. The differences in the young adults' models as well as the difference between the young and older adults' models for positive and negative contingencies suggest that while associative processing is important, it may not account for all of the variation in contingency learning and judgment. The young adults' models for the negative contingency task indicates that higher level processes, such as inductive reasoning, maybe involved in negative contingency judgment because the associative learning task required some level of hypothesis testing. In contrast, positive contingency learning and judgment could rely primarily on more basic associative processes. The present findings therefore suggest that an overall model of contingency learning must include both associative processes and inductive reasoning processes. Older adults' general contingency performance was most directly related to their working memory executive functioning, suggesting that the decline in their working memory has the strongest effect on their ability to acquire and use information about contingencies. In fact, the age related decline in working memory seems to affect older adults' ability to acquire both positive and negative contingencies. The similarities across the older adult models for positive and negative contingencies indicate that the underlying deficit in older adults' working memory executive functioning that affects their overall contingency learning and judgment performance. This basic working memory executive functioning deficit for older adults also explains why their models for positive and negative contingency did not exhibit direct relationships between associative tasks and contingency learning as observed for the young adult models.

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Santos, Júnior Roberto Luís de Figueiredo dos. "Processo perceptivo humano e a fadiga cognitiva nas empresas de vigilância privada." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94487.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, Florianópolis, 2010 Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T10:45:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 279756.pdf: 1875607 bytes, checksum: acf8eb12671126ff5bc66b07399dea79 (MD5) O objetivo é identificar a relação existente entre o processo perceptivo dos fatores ambientais e a fadiga cognitiva nos operadores de monitoramento eletrônico nas empresas de vigilância privada. Este estudo se justifica em função da necessidade de gerar conhecimento acerca das consequências do processo de trabalho em monitoramento eletrônico tendo em vista a incidência da possibilidade de síndromes de origem da fadiga mental. A pesquisa se desenvolveu no período de agosto a dezembro de 2009, através de um estudo de caso em uma empresa do Estado de Santa Catarina e a amostra é composta de 42 operadores de monitoramento eletrônico, sendo que a metodologia utilizada foi a de elaboração de um construto que relaciona variáveis ambientais na possibilidade de geração de fadiga cognitiva, relacionando-o com NASA-TLX. Os resultados demonstraram uma alta correlação entre os fatores ambientais e a fadiga, especialmente, no que se refere a cognição e a cinestesia.

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Romagny, Sébastien. "Processus sensoriels, cognitifs et comportementaux impliqués dans la perception des mélanges odorants alimentaires complexes chez le lapin nouveau-né et l'Homme." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS004/document.

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A chaque inspiration, une grande variété de molécules volatiles présentes dans l’environnement stimulent nos récepteurs olfactifs. Pourtant, malgré la complexité chimique du milieu naturel, les organismes arrivent à se représenter leur univers en détectant des odorants seuls ou de mélanges d’odorants. Le traitement repose alors majoritairement sur deux modes : le mode analytique, qui permet d’extraire d’un mélange la qualité odorante de tout ou partie des composés, ou le mode synthétique qui permet la représentation du mélange de manière holistique. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons évalué l’influence de certaines caractéristiques physicochimiques des mélanges, du nombre d’éléments en mélange et du stade développemental de l’organisme dans la perception des mélanges chez le lapin et l’Homme. Les résultats confirment que la perception de configurations est commune aux deux modèles testés bien que les modalités de leur émergence soient en partie distinctes. Nos observations supportent l’idée que dans les mélanges, des odorants ou associations d’odorants pourraient porter des poids perceptifs induisant le traitement analytique, ou synthétique, respectivement. Ces poids peuvent être influencés par certaines caractéristiques physicochimiques des mélanges, notamment leur complexité, mais peuvent aussi être en partie modifiés par l’expérience et par le développement. Au final, ces travaux apportent des résultats originaux permettant de comprendre comment les organismes, à différentes périodes de leurs histoires individuelles, arrivent à extraire de l’environnement hautement complexe des odorants ou mélanges d’odorants biologiquement pertinents Within each breath, a large diversity of volatiles molecules of the surrounding reaches our olfactory receptors. Despite the chemical complexity of the natural environment, the organisms succeed to represent their world using single odorants or mixtures. The treatment is then based on two processes: the elemental mode, which allows extracting the odor quality of all or some of the elements, or the configural mode which allows the holistic representation of the mixture. In this doctoral thesis, we evaluated the influence of some physicochemical parameters, the number of odorants included in a mixture and the developmental stage of an organism in the perception of mixtures in the rabbit and the Human. The results confirm that the perception of configurations is shared by the two models even if the modality of their emergence can be distinct, at least in part. Our findings support the idea that in mixture, several elements or association of elements can carry a perceptual weight leading to the elemental, or configural perception, respectively. These weights can be influenced by several mixture physicochemical parameters, especially their complexity, but can also be partially modified by experience and development. Finally, these works brings original results allowing to better understand how an organism, at different period of its individual life, achieves the extraction of biologically relevant odorants or mixtures of odorants from the highly chemical environment

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Guillaudeux, Stéphane. "Introduction de processus de la vision naturelle dans un schéma de codage /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35776902b.

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Kenny, Sarah. "Care staff perceptions of adults with profound learning disabilities : contents and processes." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58060/.

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Background and Aims This research dissertation attempts to elicit care staff perceptions of clients with profound learning disabilities and the processes involved in these perceptions. There is little research in the area of staff perspectives in this field. Clinical psychologists working in this field often have extensive contact with staff regarding clients, and conflict regarding perception of clients can arise. It is suggested that for psychologists to gain some insight into how staff perceive clients and the processes involved would help to facilitate understanding of, and co-operation, with care staff. Design and Participants A qualitative design was employed as the study was seen as exploratory and was investigating the personal experiences and perspectives of participants. Participants were nine direct care staff who worked in a variety of service settings. Measures Each respondent completed a written free response description of a client of their choice. This was followed by a semi-structured interview that aimed to explore the processes involved in staff perceptions of clients. Results Written descriptions shared some factors in common with free response description within the general population. However, novel categories included communication issues, behavioural difficulties and the disability itself The interviews suggested that there were complex processes operating that made it difficult for respondents to acknowledge the disability and still feel positive about the clients and the work. There was also a marked change over time described by respondents in their perceptions of clients. Implications It is suggested care staff need a forum for acknowledging and exploring difficult feelings. Clinical psychologists are well placed to facilitate this but must also be aware of their own problems regarding acknowledging and coping with profound disability. Awareness of the issues might also help psychologists to work more sensitively and productively with staff.

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Berhaupt, Amanda. "The Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices of Registered Dietitians Regarding Functional Foods." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/156.

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The term “functional food” (FF) has a variety of definitions resulting in term ambiguity. It is unclear Registered Dietitians’ (RDs) understanding and practices about FF. A descriptive, cross-sectional study investigated RDs’ perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding FF. A national random sample (n=1800) of RDs was mailed a FF questionnaire, 385 (22%) responded. Given five definitions from food-nutrition authorities, the majority of RDs did not agree on a definition, although three-fourths (n=292, 75.8%) perceived fortified foods as FF. Registered Dietitians agreed FF could improve health (n=266, 69.1%), prevent disease (n=282, 73.2%) and treat clientele (n=246, 63.9%), however were neutral (41.6%) or disagreed (37.7%) FF were herbs, or equivalent to medicine (32.7%, 49.2% respectively). Most RDs (n=290, 75.9%) ate FF; fewer (n=231, 61.4%) professionally recommended them. Nearly all (n=353) indicated interest in learning about FF. Registered Dietitians revealed inconsistencies between their perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding FF. Professional education is needed to resolve discrepancies regarding FF.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processos Perceptivos'

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