Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus d'altération'
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Reiche, Ina. "Processus physicochimiques d'altération d'ossements et d'ivoires anciens." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066404.
Full textBulourde, Marc. "Processus d'altération des basaltes du Mont Cameroun : approche géochimique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619383.
Full textPelt, Eric. "Datation des processus d'altération par l'étude des déséquilibres radioactifs 238U-234U-230TH-226Ra dans les profils d'altération." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR1GE07.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of U-series disequilibria to constrain the timescale of formation and evolution of weathering profiles. Following previous studies, this work carries on with the development of geochemical tools to precise processes occurring within weathering profiles and to constrain their timescales. This information is a key parameter to understand geochemical transfer processes within surface layers. Analytical work enhances the measurement of radium concentrations and the measurement of thorium isotopic ratios up to one million by thermo-ionization mass spectrometry. New isotopic dilution techniques were set up to measure U-Th-Ra disequilibria within small amounts of samples. To date weathering profiles, a computing code was developed to inverse U-series data in soils. We studied three sites under tropical climate during this work: a lateritic profile in central Amazonia, a weathering rind developed on a basaltic clast in Costa Rica and a succession of soils developed on recent lava flows in Mount Cameroon. The results give weathering rates about 10m/Ma in Amazonia and lower rates, about 0,5m/Ma, in Costa Rica. This difference is related to different hydrodynamic characteristics between lateritic profile and weathering rind. This result suggests that hydrodynamic characteristics play a key role in controlling weathering rates. The study of this weathering rind suggests that this kind of materials can be used to record past weathering process characteristics. The study of the impact of dried deposits in Mount Cameroon suggests that these dust inputs can influence U-series disequilibria in basaltic soils. Nevertheless, that influence is quite limited and can be neglected in most cases
Borie, Mariane. "Les massifs rocheux crétacés supérieurs du Labourd occidental : processus d'altération et instabilités littorales." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13732/document.
Full textThis work is an analysis of the consequences of the presence of weathered rocks, called alterites, on the coastal landslides of the Labourd (Basque country). The environmental context (geological, hydrogeological and morphological) of the landslides is studied to a better understanding of the failure processes. These studies allow to highlight the main triggering factors of the landslides, which are validated by numerical modelling. The knowledge of the processes so improved, a tool to estimate landslide hazards in the alterites is proposed
Bertolazi, Vanessa Thoma. "Évolutions minéralogiques des sols du sud du Brésil : processus d'altération pédogénétique et impact anthropique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2254/document.
Full textSouthern Brazil is a region with a very intensive agriculture and the pressure on soil is considerably more intense than in the Amazonian region. Thus, it is necessary to study weathering processes as they control soil development and their environmental functions.In this context, this work aims to: (i) characterize the morphological, physical and chemical properties of weathering profiles developed in the absence, or with minimal human action; (ii) establish the geochemical and mineralogical evolution of soils in a subtropical environment; and (iii) assess the impact of anthropogenic actions on on the mineralogy of surface horizons. This study concerns soils of Rio Grande do Sul where the subtropical climate (T ~17°C and P ~1800mm/yr) favored the accumulation of organic matter and occurrence of 2:1 clay minerals in low proportion. The weathering indices (Weathering Intensity Scale - WIS and Chemical Index of Alteration - CIA) make it possible to classify the profiles according to their weathering intensity and their different mineralogical compositions (smectite, smectite + kaolinite, kaolinite).In the last chapter, the results show that after 12 years of cultivation under an integrated soybean–beef cattle production system, the ungrazed areas presented lower proportion of 2:1 minerals. The areas under intensive grazing and moderate grazing presented higher aluminization of the interlayer of 2:1 minerals. The higher aluminization under intensive and moderate grazing managements may be a drain of aluminum in the soil solid phase and possibly making it less available to plants and decreasing its phytotoxicity
O sul do Brasil é uma região com uma agricultura muito intensa e com grande pressão de uso do solo, consideravelmente mais intenso do que na região da Amazônia. Assim, é necessário desenvolver estudos que relacionem o desenvolvimento do solo com seu respectivo material de origem, detalhando as transformações na zona de transição solo-rocha e suas implicações para as atividades ambientais e humanas. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo: (i) caracterizar os aspectos mineralógicos, pedoquimicos e geoquimicos dos perfis de alteração desenvolvidos na ausência ou mínima ação humana; (ii) caracterizar qualitativa e semi-quantitativamente os minerais primários e os minerais pedogênicos em solos inseridos em regiões ecossistêmicas importantes do Rio Grande do Sul; e (iii) avaliar o impacto de diferentes intensidades de pastejo na mineralogia de um Latossolo, sob sistema de produção integrada soja-bovinos de corte no sul do Brasil. Este estudo foi realizado em solos do Rio Grande do Sul, onde o clima subtropical (temperatura média anual ~ 17°C, precipitação anual média de 1800mm/ano) favorece o acúmulo de matéria orgânica ea ocorrência de argilominerais 2:1.Os índices de intemperismo (Weathering Intensity Scale - WIS e Chemical Index of Alteration - CIA), considerando a composição mineralógica dos perfis de alteração, indicaram a seguinte sequência crescente do grau de intemperismo: esmectita < caulinita - esmectita < caulinita. O estudo mostrou diferenças importantes nos solos, mesmo entre aqueles formados a partir do mesmo material de origem, devido às diferenças climáticas e de relevo. Por fim, após 12 anos sob um sistema integrado de produção de soja-bovinos de corte, as áreas não pastejadas apresentaram menor intensidade para os argilominerais 2:1. Por outro lado, as áreas sob pastejo intensivo e pastejo moderado apresentaram comportamento semelhante, devido à maior aluminização da entrecamada dos argilominerais 2:1. A maior aluminização sob pastejo intensivo e moderado pode ser um dreno de alumínio na fase sólida do solo, tornando-o menos disponível para as plantas e diminuindo sua fitotoxicidade
Mathé, Pierre-Etienne. "Application du paléomagnétisme et du magnétisme des roches à l'étude des processus d'altération supergène." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30098.
Full textDehouck, Erwin. "Caractérisation des processus d'altération à la surface de Mars primitive par approche expérimentale et télédétection." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00774415.
Full textGirard, Vincent. "Processus d'altération à la surface de Mars primitive : simulations expérimentales et numériques et implications minéralogiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10119/document.
Full textProcess of deterioration on the primitive surface of Mars: experimental and digital simulations and mineralogical implications
Schaffhauser, Thiebaud. "Traçage et modélisation des processus d'altération à l'échelle d'un petit bassin versant, le Ringelbach (Vosges, France)." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992768.
Full textMéhay, Sabine. "Etude de pétroles biodégradés : L'isotopie du soufre comme outil de corrélation et marqueur de processus d'altération." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MEHAY_Sabine_2006.pdf.
Full textIn the present study, the biodegradation of petroleum in reservoirs has been investigated by the molecular and isotopic study of three series of petroleum and core extracts, coming from Alberta (Canada), from the Potiguar Basin (Brazil) and from the San Joaquim Valley (California, USA). The molecular study allowed us to rank them according to the biodegradation scale of Peters and Moldowan (1993). This study also showed variations in the level of maturity reached by the samples and in the origin of the organic matter, within each series. However, correlations between oil samples as well as the identification of their source rocks appeared difficult to establish, due to the biodegradation of biomarkers. The sulfur isotopic study of oil samples showed that the 34S constitutes a good correlation tool because it does not seem to be affected by the biodegradation of sulfur organic compounds. However, this work suggested that secondary reactions of sulfur exchange and/or incorporation could happen with increasing biodegradation, and lead to variations in the sulfur isotopic composition of oil, in reservoirs containing H2S, generated notably by bacterial sulphate reduction. This was further corroborated by laboratory experiments of simulation. Finally, tests for the development of irm-GC/MS to measure the sulfur isotopic composition of individual compounds were performed in order to progress in the study of the sulfurization processes of organic matter
Carrier, Frédéric. "Utilisation de la spectrométrie gamma aéroportée (uranium, thorium, potassium) pour quantifier les processus d'érosion et d'altération." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GLOB0021.
Full textThe airborne gamma-ray spectrometry survey carried out on the Armorican Massif provided soil contents in U, Th and K in ppm. Chemical and mechanical erosion processes within a homogeneous geological unit have been estimated using their variations and those of the 137Cs. Our new approach, based on a multivariate analysis (hierarchic ascending classification), integrates the airborne gamma-ray spectrometry data, with their broad spatial distribution, together with precisely located station data (major elements, traces and isotopic geochemistry) resulting from a soil and river water erosion products survey. The total export of potassium was estimated in any point of an area catchment (50-m resolution) until 17+2 t/km2/a for a 50-m thick weathering profile. Erosion study by river sampling provide important biases, for the perennial river does not integrate the whole range of erosion products : the geochemical signature of the valleys is currently more represented than plateau areas
Rose, Estelle. "Géochimie isotopique du bore dans les cycles supergènes d'altération." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_ROSE_E.pdf.
Full textLarge variations in boron (B) isotopic compositions were found in river waters, clay minerals from sediments and soils, rain waters, and snow. For this study, a new analytical method was developed to analyse boron isotopes in natural samples with low boron content (sometimes less than 1 ppb). Boron isotopie compositions of river waters, which are among the first to be measured, are highly variable ( ≈35%o). These variations suggest that boron is a potential tracer of weathering processes. Variations in boron isotopic compositions due to silicate alteration are sensitive to the extent of dissolution (total or partial) and to the pH of the soil where secondary minerais are formed. Large changes in boron isotopic compositions found in the Gange and the Brahmapoutre rivers between the monsoon and the dry seasons (≈ 15%o) reveal the extreme heterogeneity of inputs to the ocean, which has to be considered to understand the processes regulating the B isotopic composition of seawater. Boron isotopic compositions of clay minerals (<0. 1μm et <2μLm) from Himalayan sediments and soils display also large variations. However, it is possible to discriminate between kaolinite rich clays, which display typical low Il B enrichments, and smectiterich clays, which are usually enriched in ¹¹B. These differences are enhanced by the monsoon. The newly measured boron isotopic compositions in rain waters and snows unravel information on the boron isotopic composition of the atmosphere. Experiments performed in the laboratory to mimic the evaporation of seawater showed that it is possible to reproduce concentrations and isotopic compositions of natural rain waters
Millot, Romain. "Étude chimique et isotopique des produits d'érosion des grands fleuves canadiens : impact des rivières boréales dans les bilans globaux d'altération." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077125.
Full textNemlaghi, Anass. "Approche géomicrobiologique des processus d'altération et de bioconstruction des surfaces d'art rupestre en Asie centrale : (Kazakhstan & Sibérie Méridionale)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010637.
Full textAdapting the techniques of natural sciences to archaeology, especially in rock art investigations, provides valuable information on the mechanisms of alteration and biosedimentary deposits affecting the wall surfaces in central Asia (south of Siberia and Kazakhstan). Chemical analyses of mangano-ferrugineous patina and carbonated concretions, occurring on the petroglyphs, suggest an external origin of their constituents. Scanning electron microscopy (sem) reveals constant interactions of mineral substances with organic ones. The abundance of micro-organisms supports a biogenic origin of these accretions. Geomicrobiological experiments imply bacteria activity in the biomineralisation process, different bacterial populations isolated from natural patina and carbonated deposits have shown their ability to precipitate manganese oxides or calcite in the culture medium. In this work, we have focused on the study of the formation of black patina, the most common form of coating occurring on wall surfaces. The results of this study suggest a theoretical model which uses both physico-chemical and biological processes to create a solution with an enhancement mn:fe ratios and biological process to precipitate iron and manganese through an enzymatic or non enzymatic oxidation. Mastering physico-chemical properties of patina and biochemical agents which control its final deposition is particularly relevant to paleoclimatic interpretations and rock art dating
Dellinger, Mathieu. "Apport des isotopes du lithium et des éléments alcalins à la compréhension des processus d'altération chimique et de recyclage sédimentaire." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB1104.
Full textKibinza, Serge Landry. "Influence de la teneur en eau sur les processus d'altération associés au vieillissement des semences de tournesol ( Helianthus Annuus L. )." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066153.
Full textAlomari, Asaad. "Evaluation des risques d'altération d'origine thermo-hydro-mécanique des pierres du patrimoine bâti." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069417.
Full textSaad, Alice. "Influence du changement climatique et des conditions extrêmes sur les massifs fracturés : rôle des fluides (H2O, CO2) dans leur processus d'altération." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657462.
Full textDaigneault, Martin. "Processus d'altération / érosion à l'interface océan / continent / atmosphère : aspects quantitatifs et semi-quantitatifs : exemple des falaises de l'Est du Canada (Gaspésie)." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4009.
Full textThe rocky littoral sequence of the southern part of the Gaspesian peninsula (East coast of Canada), constituted vy 3 chronological assemblages (Taconian, Acadian and Carboniferous), was the object of field and laboratory studies, in order to determine the zones sensitive to erosion and to estimate their znnual loss. . . [etc. ]
Bourdette, Béatrice. "Durabilité du mortier : prise en compte des auréoles de transition dans la caractérisation et la modélisation des processus physiques et chimiques d'altération." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0030.
Full textGranet, Mathieu. "Constantes de temps des processus d'érosion et d'altération dans le système himalayen : Approche géochimique élémentaire et isotopique par les séries de l'Uranium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/GRANET_Mathieu_2007.pdf.
Full textThe time-scales of erosion and weathering processes are key parameters which need to be determined to understand the response of the reliefs to external forcings like tectonics, climate and human activities. They were recovered by using U-series nuclides analyzed in sediments and suspended materials carried by the Himalayan rivers of the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins. In the Ganges basin, the time-scales of weathering determined from the study of coarse sediments carried by the Kali Gandaki range from several ky, where the surrection is located, to 350 ky. Such values indicate that the bedrocks are in situ weathered for a long period before the weathering residual products get transported in the rivers as coarse sediments. At the outlet of the high range, these sediments are carried by the tributaries of the Ganges, the Gandak and Ghaghara, during a transfer period of about 100 ka. The study of the sediments at the outlet of the Brahmaputra tributaries allows to propose time-scales of weathering ranging from 110 to 270 ky. Such long periods confirm that during their transfer in the plains, the sediments are temporarily trapped at several places in the basins. In the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, the time-scales of sedimentary transfer are 575 and 160 ky, respectively. These values, which are of the same order as their response times, are much longer than the time-scales of the Quaternary climate oscillations. It confirms the buffering action of the asiatic alluvial plains for the high-frequency sediment flux variations in response to external forcings in the chain. The study of suspended materials suggests that their chemical compositions result from the mixing of coarse river sediments with fine particles from various locations in the basin which are affected by vegetation recycling. By contrast to coarse sediments, the time-scales of transfer for the suspended materials are fast, e. G. A few ky, pointing the potential of U-series nuclides to assess particle transport laws as a function of their size
Violette, Aurélie. "Processus et Bilans d'altération en milieu tropical (bassin versant de Mule Hole, Inde du Sud) : Sensibilité à la Composition Minéralogique et au Climat." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00531688.
Full textEyrolle, Frédérique. "La fraction colloi͏̈dale organique dans les processus de transport des métaux dans les eaux de surface : application aux systèmes d'altération en milieu tropical (Brésil)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30020.
Full textLantz, Cateline. "Étude des processus d'altération aqueuse et de maturation des surfaces par « space weathering » des astéroïdes primitifs : en support aux futures missions spatiales de retour d'échantillons." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC212.
Full textThroughout my doctoral work, I studied the surface alterations - also known as space weathering - in order to propose a model of primitive surface maturation. The primitive asteroids are especially studied because they are thought to contain organic compounds and some water, key elements for life on Earth. I analysed spectral data from observations in the visible and near infrared ranges and find new evidence of space weathering on some specific primitive asteroid populations. Comparisons with meteorites are also made as asteroids are their parent bodies. A second approach performed in my work was to simulate space weathering effects in the laboratory using ion irradiation on meteorite samples. Such a global study on several carbonaceous chondrites had never been performed before. I show that the spectral changes are a function of initial composition. I also investigated the aqueous alteration process among primitive Main Belt asteroids. Visible spectra of 60( objects were analysed to look for the absorption band indicating that liquid water had previously been present in this region of the Solar System. This study is the biggest statistical database for the aqueous alteration in the visible range. Together with recent dynamical models, these results allow us to understand
David, Gaël. "Exploration des environnements passés de Mars avec l'instrument ChemCam : caractérisation des phases d'altération et de leur processus de formation dans les roches et les sols." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30281.
Full textPaleo-environmental conditions at the surface of Mars are accessible through the geological records of the planet, and more particularly through the alteration minerals they contain. These secondary phases can constitute geochemical markers of the conditions during the aqueous alteration. The ChemCam instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover (Curiosity) is the first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument deployed on the surface of Mars. It provides a new way of characterizing the geochemistry of rocks and soils in the Gale Crater at a sub-millimeter scale. This thesis work focuses on the characterization of the alteration phases and the processes responsible for their formation. The approach used combines laboratory experiments with a ChemCam replica as well as the interpretation of the flight instrument data. These studies tested ChemCam's ability to identify clays in sedimentary rocks and to be a diagnostic tool for these phases. These studies also helped to better understand the parameters influencing the LIBS measurement in granular media and to show that amorphous magnesium sulfates could be major phases in martian soils and responsible for their hydration. Finally, we have also proposed a new quantification for iron that allowed us to study a particular geomorphological structure of Gale, associated with a strong spectral signature of hematite from orbit. The study of iron variability in this field enabled us to better understand its formation mechanism, by highlighting the mobility of this element during diagenesis, involving redox processes. These results indicate that the Gale sediments underwent a complex post-depositional geological history, involving multiple aqueous events with different fluids properties
Bauduin, Chantal. "Du toucher à la touche comme accompagnement des processus d'altération : le rapport au corps dans les métiers de la relation : le cas de quatre élèves infirmiers." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1006.
Full textGoetz, Christian. "Traçage isotopique et chronologie des processus d'altération et de sédimentation par l'étude des déséquilibres U & Th : application aux systèmes lacustres de Magadi (Kenya) et Manyara (Tanzanie)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22038.
Full textBlaes, Estelle. "Détermination des constantes de temps des processus d'altération et de transfert sédimentaire par les nucléides des séries de l'U : étude d'un bassin versant de Porto Rico et du système himalayen." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAH007.
Full textThis thesis proposes to define the time-scales of weathering processes on a spheroidal weathering profile, (Rio Icacos watershed, Puerto Rico ) and the transfer time of sediments within alluvial plains (Ganges and Brahmaputra basins). This issue is addressed through the analysis of the nuclides of the 238U decay chain. The study of a spheroidal weathering system developed on the site of Puerto Rico permit to develop a limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm in order to solve the system of equations that reflects the behavior of nuclides and the rate of formation of the saprolite and the rindlet zone. For the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins, sediments were collected from different tributaries and their outlets. The variation of 238U - 234U - 230Th disequilibria in the sediments, with different variation trends for suspended and coarse-grained sediments, is probably a general feature of all Himalayan rivers flowing across the Indo-Gangetic plain. For this work, we have shown the usefulness of including the analysis of 226Ra analysis of other nuclides in the chain of radioactive decay of 238U (238U - 234U - 230Th) to determine the weathering rate in a well-defined system. Nevertheless, the study of the Brahmaputra system shows that proposed method needs to be refined as the sediment transfer is a complex process due to the mineralogical variability, size and (local) dynamics of sediments samples collected
Pinto-Coelho, Cristina. "Évolution magmatique et hydrothermale du massif granitique de Serra-Branca-état de Goiás- Brésil : définition des processus d'altération post-magmatiques en liaison avec les minéralisations en Sn, Be et F." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL103N.
Full textAkerman, Alisson. "Les isotopes du fer nouveaux indicateurs de la pression anthropique : cas du bassin Amazonien." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2672/.
Full textThis research work deals with iron isotope compositions from various natural reservoirs in tropical environments. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether or not stable Fe isotopes can be used as a new geochemical tool to trace soil transformations and mass transfers from continents to oceans. This will help quantifying the impact of anthropogenic activities like deforestation. Results show significant Fe isotope fractionation, occurring within soils along toposequences in tropical forest. Chemical alteration and pedogenesis are interpreted to be responsible for the preferential loss of light Fe isotopes in footslope soils. After deforestation, erosion and colluviation lead to an apparent rejuvenation of the soil valley that results into a different Fe isotope signature compared to the forest soils. Dissolved Fe from the rivers draining the studied watersheds show high isotopic signatures in forest. In contrast, waters originating from deforested areas appear enriched in light Fe isotopes. Such a difference is due to 1) FeIII mobility when complexed by organic ligands in black waters, the latter being enriched in organic matter from the forest, and 2) geomorphological modifications after deforestation leading to Fe isotope fractionation from redox processes. Human activities are actively contributing to environmental changes that generate significant variations in Fe isotopic compositions. This study is to date the first one that compares Fe isotopic signatures between tropical forests and deforested environments. It demonstrates here that Fe stable isotopes record significant variations in the water-soil-vegetation system in response to anthropogenic activities
Herbet, Maryline. "Approche dynamique de la coopération d'altérations génétiques dans la tumorigenèse corticosurrénalienne." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341959.
Full textViolette, Aurélie. "Processus et bilans d'altérations en milieu tropical (bassin versant de Mule Hole, Inde du sud) : sensibilité à la composition minéralogique et au climat." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1199/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the chemical weathering processes and of the control factors at a small experimental watershed scale in the Tropics (Mule Hole, South India). Relying on the numerical modelling method, it focuses particularly on the sensitivity to the mineralogy and climate. The first part of this work concerns the mineralogical and chemical descriptions of the soils (chromic luvisol, vertisol) and the bedrock (gneiss). The second part deals with the coupled modelling between a geochemical and a hydrological model. On the first hand, current processes at play in the catchment are investigated. The model is calibrated with both stream and groundwater measured chemical compositions. The results show that the chemical weathering fluxes are mainly supplied by the dissolution of authigenic smectites in soils (5 vol. %) and not by the dissolution of the primary minerals. On the second hand, sensitivity tests to the mineralogical composition and climate are performed
Bost, Nicolas. "L'analyse géochimique et minéralogique de matériaux analogues de Mars et la création de l'International Space Analogue Rock Store." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747077.
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