Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus de décision'
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Bensouda, Noureddine. "Le processus de décision fiscale au Maroc." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010270.
Full textForgues, Bernard. "Processus de décision en situation de crise." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090043.
Full textWe define a crisis as an event potentially provoking high damages, involving multiple stakeholders, and requiring immediate attention. Eleven case studies are made on various crises. The analyses used to study these cases are twofold. First, a qualitative analysis tracks the decision process. Second, a sequence method is used to retrieve the chronological order of activities. Those analyses lead to an avoidance model of crisis decision. This avoidance behavior is adopted by an individual or an organization not willing to make a too important decision. Several explanations lie behind this behavior : lack of information, high level of stress, lack of power. . . The limits, managerial implications and future researches are presented
Jahani, Mahmoud. "Processus de décision dans les entreprises industrielles iraniennes." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21024.
Full textRevolution in iran changed the structure of economy, a free-market based industry has been changed to a government controlled industry with special problems in production and management. Utilization of scientifique decision making methods by managers abandoned mostly due to lack of experience and knowledge. Utilization of computerized systems that had a wide acceptance and rapid development during the years before the revolution, stopped due the absence of trained technicians and unenthusiastic behavior of newly government appointed managers. Although recent changes in policies and tendancy toward acquisition of technology had some positive and negative impacts on economy, still is too soon to be able to make a fair asessment of these impacts. Our study that is based on data collected from 80 managers in 23 manufacturing company shows that education and information has a great impact on the quality of decisions made by managers. The managers in this study believe that information, utilization of computerized systems and administrtive procedures simplify the process of decision making. They also believe tha tdelivery of authority to lower level is necessary
Andlauer, Christiane. "Le processus de décision dans un synode diocésain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0113/document.
Full textThis study is undertaken with a view to present the evolution of an overall pastoral project under the conciliar impetus implementation of 1963 to 2000 in the diocese of Nice by three bishops : Mgr. Mouisset, Mgr. Saint-Macary and Mgr. Bonfils. It revolves around three concepts: conversion, structures, evangelization that meet the three criteria defined by Bishop Saint-Macary for "Diocese 2000" operation: proximity, shared responsibility and evangelization. The study of the Nice synodal process sends us back to life in communion with the local Church. Of all the forms of expression of communion, we retain that of synodality. The decision process is fundamental in a diocesan synod. We will look for its mechanisms in this thesis. We will see how it binds to the "overall pastoral" or pastoral communion that is the deep convergence of all forms of action and presence in the world, unity and mutual interpellation of all forces apostolic : priests, religious and laity. If so, the "co-responsibility of all" reflects the mission of the baptized in the Church as an individual, the synodal decision represents the expression of the community of the baptized. We'll see if the process of decision comes in or not. This thesis wants to answer the question of whether the decision process in a diocesan synod as synodality factor tends to regulate the communal aspect of the Church and at least partly reveal the personality of the bishop. This is a multi disciplinary study. The review of the synod process, in its theoretical and practical context, is based on the areas of the sociology of religion, ecclesiology and canon law
Fixmer, Pierre. "L'inter-médiation artefactuelle au coeur du processus cognitif collaboratif." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21002/document.
Full textThis thesis is interested in the dynamics of the processes of mutual comprehension in social psychology. We attempt to clarify the processual dimension of the co-construction of meanings at a high-level executive work session. For this purpose, we study the function of intermediation of the artifacts in the collaborative activity, more precisely, in the joint decision-making. By questioning the status of the concept of intermediary object, we try to make this concept more operational by analyzing it at various conceptual levels in order to build a properly psychological conceptualization. On the one hand, we rely on the thesis according to which cognitions emerge in and by social interaction and which goes back to the work of both Vygotski and Leontiev. On the other hand, we refer to the concepts of situated and distributed cognition and, more precisely to the constructivist approach of the interactionist psychology proposed by Brassac. The thesis is a part of the interdisciplinary project n° ACT 23b of the Cognitique program, being entitled: " Le co-traçage et la pérennisation des microdécisions collectives liées à l"action dans l'organisation ". The field study is a project with a situation of transverse collective action at a hospital: the implementation of a bloodtransfusion-traceability device. In order to face this complexity, we implement a methodology, which relies on a clinical approach to cognitive activity, even to ethnography of communication. The unit of analysis is the activity of the individuals in the situation. The results show that the intermediary object represents the semiotic material of the intrication of the speaking and acting of the agents, and that this object supports the intermediation in the arena of mutual comprehension
Noël, Florent. "La décision de suppression d'emplois : de l'analyse des déterminants à l'étude des processus de décision." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010079.
Full textMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnel dans la prise de décision." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696675.
Full textMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnels dans la prise de décision." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0018.
Full textEmotion is inseparable from cognitive processes and therefore plays a major role in decision making. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important in today's scientific research. The aim of this thesis is to show the advantages of an emotional approach, and to prove that in certain cases computer models equipped with artificial emotions prove to be more efficient than their purely cognitive equivalents. Based on this observation, two emotional models were realised from different study perspectives. They underline the impact of the addition of an emotional dimension in the elaboration of a fast, adaptive and efficient decision. The first developed model uses a graph for strategies representation in order to solve a ten-year-old pupil mathematics exercise called the "Cascades problem". Emotion is represented there as weighting values in the graph edges dynamically managed by an ant algorithm. The tests carried out on two versions, one emotional and the other one fully cognitive, show that the use of an emotional model produces a more efficient and adaptive solving. In addition, a second model named "GAEA" aims at simulating a robot equipped with sensors and effectors and thrown into a prey-predators environment inside which it must survive. Its behaviour is determined by its internal program that evolves thanks to a linear genetic program algorithm manipulating a population of program individuals. Results are promising and indicate that the population produces individuals whose behaviour is more and more adapted, and whose internal activity is analogous to the emergence of relevant emotional reactions
Camille, Nathalie. "Bases neuronales des processus de décision : l'expérience du regret." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10128.
Full textBrunetti, Ilaria. "Nouvelles approches aux jeux évolutionnaires et processus de décision." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG0204/document.
Full textEvolutionary Game Theory (EGT) constitutes a simple framework to study the behavior of large populations whose individuals are repeatedly engaged in pairwise strategic interactions. While in standard EGT, the interacting individual is the player, choosing the actions to play in order to maximize its own fitness, in the first part of this dissertation we propose, in the first part of this work, a new approach to model evolution, where the player is supposed to be a whole group. We still consider pairwise interactions among individuals but we assume that they maximize the fitness of the group they belong to, which is thus the actual player of the game. In the second part of this dissertation, we present our new dynamical approach to Markov Decision Evolutionary Games. In contrast with the standard static approach, we study here the local dynamics of individual states and the dynamics intrinsically related to the distribution of policies in the population, describing them by interdependent differential equations. In the third part of the manuscript we pursue the study of stochastic dynamics in a different context, that of control theory. We define a hybrid stochastic dynamical system jointly controlled by two players involved in a non-zero sum game and we prove that the problem can be approximated by an averaged deterministic differential game
Rousseau, Louise. "Le rôle des études pharmacoéconomiques dans les processus de décision." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0012/NQ52184.pdf.
Full textDeschênes-Beaulieu, Sara Maude. "La prise de décision éthique des consultants : compréhension du processus." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/136.
Full textSzer, Daniel. "Contribution à la résolution des processus de décision markoviens décentralisés." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0146_SZER.pdf.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the optimal resolution of decentralized Markov decision processes (DEC-POMDPs). The DEC-POMDP model has been introduced in 2000 and constitutes a formal framework for describing cooperative distributed decision problems under uncertainty. We present a first generalized overview for solving DEC-POMDPs optimally, including game theory, multi-agent planning and reinforcement learning. Our contributions constitute a theoretical approach for building optimal multi-agent systems. Solving DEC-POMDPs can be separated into two categories. If the underlying model of the system is known in advance, the optimal solution can be planned prior execution in a centralized way. We introduce two new planning algorithms. The first one is a point-based multi-agent dynamic programming approach, which constitutes a synthesis of classical multi-agent dynamic programming, and point-based dynamic programming for single-agent POMDPs. Our approach is hence able to concentrate the computational effort on the relevant regions of the policy space. The second approach is an entirely new way of applying heuristic search techniques, such as A*, to decentralized decision problems. We introduce multi-agent A* (MAA*), the first heuristic search algorithm for solving DEC-POMDPs, both over finite and infinite horizons. If the underlying model is not known, an optimal policy can be obtained by a trial-and-error approach based on reinforcement learning methods. We analyse the additional constraints in multi-agent learning vs. Planning, before introducing a new multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm based on mutual notifications of changes in the value function
Bouzarour-Amokrane, Yasmina. "Structuration des processus d'aide à la décision par analyse bipolaire." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2322/.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis concerns the multi-criteria decision support field. This field aims at helping decision makers (DM) to face decisions involving several conflicting objectives. To deals with this, decision is addressed in a context where a group of alternatives is evaluated through a set of criteria (often contradictory) to estimate the potential of each to achieve the goals. The main concern of this research is to propose flexible structuring decision problem support for evaluating alternatives distinguishing between positive and negative aspects they present with regard to objectives achievement. Bipolar structure models are proposed first to evaluate the decision problems at the individual level. The synergistic relationships and potential interactions between the decision characteristics (attributes, alternative objectives) are modeled in a bipolar context and integrated into resolution approaches taking account the certain or uncertain environment in which the evaluation takes place. In a second part, group decision problems are discussed taking into account the impact of human behaviour (influence, individualism, fear, caution, etc. ) on decisional capacity at individual and collective levels. Valuation models and a consensus process are proposed in two relatively independent problem categories: social choice problems, and, strategic game problems
Degris, Thomas. "Apprentissage par renforcement dans les processus de décision Markoviens factorisés." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066594.
Full textSchluth-Amorim, Nathalie. "Aide à la concertation et à la décision dans le cadre de processus de décision publique complexes." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090045.
Full textArida, Jamil. "Du Processus de normalisation au processus d'institutionalisation : la norme en pratique." Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090028.
Full textMadeira, Ramitos Celia. "Le processus psycho-cognitif de décision : le partenariat européen entre PME." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Madeira_Ramitos.Celia.LMZ9912_1.pdf.
Full textThe main question of this study is : which psycho-cognitif process influence of the PME's leader decision to invest on the entreprises partnership, based on other european countries. The considered variables in the study of this sort of question are in one hand, the individual characteristics of those enterprises. That search is connected both to the organizational behaviour domain, in terms of interfirms relations and the decision process that leads the enterprises to developp by external grouth or in partnership. It evolves two main parts : one theoretical that delineates the theoretical slate on the subject ; and the other essentialy empiric and exploratory, that describes and analyses the decision systems of partnership of the participant PME to the Europartnership in Clermont in october 1997 and in Europartnership in Lisbon in november 1995. The study aims the validation of a search instrument measure the entrepreneurial orientation of cooperative decision in PME leaders
Alcantara, Dominguez Marlène. "Le processus de prise de décision : le cas du Mexique contemporain." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010293.
Full textAïte, Ania Alexandra. "Processus émotionnels et cognitifs dans le développement des capacités de prise de décision sous ambiguïté." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H121/document.
Full textDecision-making under ambiguity is critical in our everyday life. Indeed, we make most of our choices with no information on the potential consequences of these choices or on the probabilities that govern these consequences. To better characterize the underlying mechanisms engaged in this complex ability, we tested the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH), a key theory in this field. This theory posits that decision-making under ambiguity relies on the development of emotional responses to the world (i.e., an integral emotional signal) that bias people toward advantageous choices in ambiguous circumstances. Thus, the goal of this thesis was to test (i) the role of emotional processes and (ii) the possible implication of cognitive processes in our ability to choose advantageously in ambiguous context. In our first study, we investigated the factors at the root of the decision-making deficit of pathological gamblers by assessing the impact of alexithymia – a recurrent emotional disorder in this population – on their decision-making skills. In line with the SMH, we found that alexithymia was a key factor to understand pathological gamblers’ decision-making deficit. In a second study, we designed an emotional priming paradigm to provide direct evidence that decision making relies on the creation of an integral emotional signal in healthy adults. Our data supports the SMH by evidencing that decision-making can be improved when the integral emotional signal is reinforced. Finally, in our third study, we investigated the development of decision-making abilities by focusing on the strategic adjustments in children, adolescents and adults. Our data suggest that the inhibition of a spontaneous tendency to shift after a loss might be critical to choose advantageously. In conclusion, the results of this thesis broadened the scope of the HMS by emphasizing the need to study both emotional and cognitive processes to better understand decision making under ambiguity. Keywords: Decision-making under ambiguity; Emotional processes; Cognitive processes; Cognitive development the SMH by evidencing that decision-making can be improved when the integral emotional signal is reinforced. Finally, in our third study, we investigated the development of decision-making abilities by focusing on the strategic adjustments in children, adolescents and adults. Our data suggest that the inhibition of a spontaneous tendency to shift after a loss might be critical to choose advantageously. In conclusion, the results of this thesis broadened the scope of the HMS by emphasizing the need to study both emotional and cognitive processes to better understand decision making under ambiguity
Rizoulières, Roland. "L'entrepreneur et les processus de compétition industrielle et technologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24002.
Full textChantiri-Chaudemanche, Rouba. "Contribution à l'analyse des processus d'élaboration des normes comptables : une étude comparée des processus français et britannique." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090006.
Full textWeng, Paul An-Lin. "Modèles qualitatifs et approches algébriques pour la décision dans l'incertain : fondements axiomatiques et application à la décision séquentielles." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066432.
Full textDemil, Benoît. "Les stratégies de pionnier et de suiveur : application à un processus réglementaire." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100004.
Full textAldrin, Jérémy. "Etude des processus de décision dans une organisation complexe : le cas d'une CCI." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0036/document.
Full textThis research aims to study the process of decisions in a complexorganization. Based on three cases studies in a wide Chamber of Industry andCommerce, this work raises the following question ?How to improve the decisionmaking in a political organization?Following our review of the literature, we kept three dimensions in thedecision appearing to us relevant within the framework of this work: a temporaldimension, a dimension of socio-cognitive order (at the actors of the decision) anda technical dimension (which management tools?).This research was part of a practical approach of the decision. This is thereason why we used the Actor Network Theory which seems to be appropriate forthis type of organization. We worked on three case studies: the pooling of exportservices, the management of a regional airport and the development of the consular business school.Among the conceptual contributions, we validate the model of -expressdecision-maker-. In addition, we have been able to show the interest of separatingthose who made the decisions and those who must put into service them later.Project manager should not be the one who implement them. The several casestudies have also shown the need of proactive management control in thisorganization.Finally, this work proposes a guide of good practices to improve thedecision-making. The guide keeps the dimension "decision as practice" withmanagerial implications
Koval, Morgane. "Visualisations prédictives pour des processus décisionnels personnels informés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0039.
Full textIn everyday life, one needs to make a variety of micro-decisions which may have a greater or lesser impact on comfort, and greater or lesser consequences on other aspects of life (planning, finances, ecological impact). Many of such decisions involve projecting oneself into the future (e.g., how long will it take to pick up a parcel? Will there be enough time left to go to the bakery before it closes?) This thesis explores the use of predictive visualizations to inform different decision processes in casual contexts (i.e., informal, non-professional). Predictive visualizations are visualizations of uncertainty that shows plausible future outcomes. This work builds on the assumption that visualizing data about future uncertain events generated by simulations can be useful to have a better mental representation and understanding of what can possibly happen and make informed decisions. Two cases are studied to evaluate the potential of such an approach: temporal uncertainty (how long a task may take), and space-based temporal uncertainty (how long walking between two points may take). However, there are other types of data than temporal that could benefit from predictive visualizations. With the aim of presenting the issues involved in implementing and studying predictive visualizations using new technologies (e.g., augmented reality) and simulations whose models are, to date, difficult to implement, a final case is studied, focusing on the representation of food quantities for predictive purposes. This allows detailing and commenting on the future directions this field may seek to address, and on the potential of predictive visualizations for informed decisions in a casual context
Barzantny, Cordula. "La prise de décision en management multiculturel à travers le processus budgétaire." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10051.
Full textThis study deals with decision making in a multicultural European environment. The initial research questions formulate if national cultures determine decisional differences in management. We try to find out if there are differences between multicultural and monocultural management regarding the mode of decision making and the decision-making process. We also want to know about the possibility of showing existing synergy effects in multicultural management. The theoretical approach, resulting in a model of research, is validated by an empirical study mainly qualitative through interviews with executive decision makers in sixteen firms of a big international corporation in six European countries. The empirical investigation looks at a concrete case of operational decisions referring to the annual budgeting process in the company. Regarding the mode of decision making we find similarities and differences linked to culture in the observed decision making processes but without causal relationship between those modes and nationality. There are cultural differences between nations affecting the daily work in business but these differences show in different ways according to the hierarchical level. We observe that in our study of European managers the higher the hierarchical level the more decision styles converge. Looking at the decision making process there are differences between multicultural and monocultural management which are perceived and lived by managers with working experience in both cases. Comparing mono-and multicultural teams the strengths of the first are the weaknesses of the second and vice versa. The multicultural team performs better when innovation and creativity is needed in processes allowing to generate synergy in international co-operation
Longueville, Barthélémy. "Capitalisation des processus de décision dans les projets d'innovation : application à l'automobile." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0934.
Full textMeyer, Claudie. "Le changement du processus de décision à la suite de l'introduction d'un système interactif d'aide à la décision : étude empirique." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20256.
Full textIninou, Yassine. "La sélection des idées : processus mixte." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC027.
Full textThis thesis examines how creative ideas are selected in an industrial company. This research has two main objectives: the first is to explore the selection of ideas in the two logics of innovation incremental and radical. The second aims to analyze the argumentative interactions between the actors involved in the final decision making during the deliberation phase. It is based on a unique and exploratory empirical study in Bosch MoP. The results of this study indicate, for both types of ideas, the different components of the selection process, the actors involved as well as the organizational levels involved. The argumentative approach indicates the nature of the interactions exchanged between actors and the main dimensions on which the collective decision to accept or abandon a creative idea is built
Bérard, Céline. "Le processus de décision dans les systèmes complexes : une analyse d’une intervention systémique." Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090079.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of decision processes in a complex system, by analysing how systemic interventions produce changes in the decision-making process followed by individuals. More precisely, this research analyses the potential effects of the use of a systemic model by decision-makers, on both the constitutive activities and the dimensions of decision processes, while taking into consideration their potential determinants. The research involves an experiment based on one simulated case about the intellectual property system of biotechnological innovations: experimental sessions consist in individual interviews with policy-makers, and the systemic intervention concerns the use of a simulation model based on the system dynamics approach. The results suggest: 1) a multiple, cumulative, conjunctive, and iterative progression; 2) an incremental, based on multiple perspectives, and creative decision-making procedure; 3) the multiplicity of involved actors, with diversified interests and roles; 4) rationalities which are political, limited, contextual, and even socio-cognitive. Moreover, the results show that decision-makers, who benefit from a systemic intervention, tend to consider more analytical elements and scientific disciplines during their decision analysis, and to involve additional internal and external actors
Seurat, Laetitia Leila. "La politique étrangère du Hamas 2006-2013 : idéologie, intérêt et processus de décision." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0019.
Full textThe present thesis argues that the Palestinian movement Hamas pursues its own foreign policy even though it may be considered a non state actor, or a semi-state actor at best. The key independent variables determining this foreign policy are internal decision-making processes and various types of interests that in the vast majority of cases prevail upon ideological considerations. Decision making processes vary from period to period and sometimes from case to case. Sometimes their output reflects a compromise of competing interests, even though these compromises are always biased in favour of the stronger groups or factions within the movement. Only the 2008 truce with Israel gave rise to substantial ideological debates which left their trace in the run-up to this event and subsequent cleavages and defections, in particular to the al-Qassam brigades. In spite of various diverging interests, the leaders and members of Hamas share a basic objective which is to guarantee the political supremacy of their movement in Palestine. Its foreign policy enables Hamas to pursue a number of interests both external and internal: to obtain diplomatic and symbolic recognition, mobilize material and symbolical ressources, secure its domination over the Gaza strip, and compete with its nationalist and islamist opponents. Ideological propositions are constantly adapted to these different interests
Drir, Mohamed. "Les modalités du processus de prise de décision dans les entreprises publiques algériennes." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090040.
Full textThis present work examines the factors who flow in the decisions taking in the algerian public entreprises. In the lump, we have two landings of analysis: in the first time, we describe the juridical emptiness proper to the organisation of the public sector and contradictions inherent to the coexistence of doctrinal principles, decentralization, participation and the enterprise subordination to many institutions reputed to secure the macro-economical decision. In the second time, we turn our attention to the consequences of the directive allocation system wich contain economic, political, financial and social objectives. This abuts to a structural crisis that we try to describe through a methodical rail which consist to couple the disturbance factors (internal, external, physical, conjonctural and structural ). This rail reflect the state of a public enterprise whence the activity is according to the provisions of the plan and the many controls. Now, those controls don't stop the surcosts of the exploitation or investment, surcosts which are masked by the oil rent. Many adjustments are necessary: 1) - an adjustment of the planning system by the pratical of the negotiations bet- wen the plan and the enterprises in order to have better realization of the objectives; 2) - a revision of the providing supplies, production and distribution, those de- faults and disturbances incite many surcosts in the productive system; 3) - the reform of the enterprises will be ineffective if the government don't im- prove the methods of valorization of the human resources and inquiries
Bérard, Céline. "LE PROCESSUS DE DÉCISION DANS LES SYSTÈMES COMPLEXES : UNE ANALYSE D'UNE INTERVENTION SYSTÉMIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519068.
Full textIvarnez, Janicot Corinne. "L'aide au processus de diagnostic de gestion : une étude expérimentale." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20222.
Full textLebraty, Jean Fabrice. "Nouvelles technologies de l'information et processus de prise de décision : modélisation, identification et interprétation." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0021.
Full textThe aim of this research is to give a response to the impact of decision support new information technologies on an individual semi-structured decision process. We work on four hypotheses : H1. There is an impact of new information technologies on decision process. H2. Organization can be seen as a filter of the impact of new information technologies. H3. The study of the impact of new information technologies on decision process leads to a double perception : the conception and management level and the user and operational level H4. Rationality criterion can explain the impact of new information technologies on a decision process. Using a model and with a double approach, analytic and experimental (in a banking environment) we give an interpretation of these impact relations using a procedural rationality criterion. At least we demonstrate the potentiality of these technologies in the improvement of decision process rationality
Stéclebout, Eloïse. "La formation des politiques économiques européennes : hétérogénéité, changement institutionnel, processus décisionnels." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0013.
Full textThe recent developments in European integration have brought about new theoretical issues for economic policy-making analysis. According to what processes can member states come to collective decisions while they are heterogeneous in many respects, and play within a still partly unset institutional framework? A common approach focusing on the interactions between institutional change, factors of increase or reduction in heterogeneity, and the evolution of strategies and decision-making rules, is applied to four fields that the economic literature usually separates into sector studies: regional policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, and policy mix. The general grid of analysis reveals a variety of sources of conflicts and of institutional and decision-making solutions. The dual relation between information and power, as well as the importance of learning effects in decision-making processes, are also put to the fore
Cherkaoui, Hajar. "Vers une prise de décision robuste en maintenance conditionnelle." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0040.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to robust decision making in maintenance of systems subject to gradual degradation. Our first contribution is to develop a criterion allowing the joint evaluation of the mean economic performance and the robustness of different types of maintenance strategies. The advantage of the proposed criterion is that it adapts to different types of maintenance strategies and provides access to a simple and relevant evaluation model. The second contribution is devoted to the development and the evaluation of a joint maintenance and spares parts management strategy that applies to multi-component systems with different qualities. For the proposed joint strategy, prognostic indicator is used for both maintenance and procurement decision-making. The evaluation criterion proposed above is used for the evaluation of this policy as well. The third contribution corresponds to the proposal of two conditional maintenance strategies with hybrid inspections for the maintenance of multi-component systems with different and unknown qualities. For the strategies proposed, online monitoring information is used to disclose the quality of system components to be maintained using statistical techniques of classification and estimation
Faure, Guy. "L'exploitation agricole dans un environnement changeant : innovation, aide à la décision et processus d'accompagnement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178531.
Full textMangin, François. "Structuration des processus de décision : Le cas de la transfusion sanguine française (1950-1985)." Phd thesis, Jouy-en-Josas, EHEC, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00994786.
Full textToti, Boga Jean-François. "Rôle de l'éthique dans le processus de décision d'achat du consommateur et consommation éthique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2011.
Full textConsumption is part of the mechanisms that allow individuals to distinguish themselves, especially through culture, sports and food practices. Academics found that consumers express their ethics through their consumption choices. However, the definition of ethical consumption remains quite blurred in the field of consumer behavior and its measurement is not always appropriate. We propose in this research to clarify the concepts of consumer’s ethical sensibility (CES) and consumer’s ethical consumption behavior (ECB). Then, we build an appropriate conceptual framework to explore ethics in the field of consumption. First, a qualitative study was conducted with 14 in-depth interviews and then, in a second step, a quantitative data collection was conducted among 559 consumers. The results open interesting perspectives for academics and managers in the field of consumer ethics
Trépanier, Annie. "Processus d'implantation de l'entraînement à la prise de décision auprès d'un entraîneur de tennis." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/757.
Full textBailey, Ian. "Planification heuristique avec les processus de décision markovien et création d'un environnement de programmation." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4630.
Full textLaborie, François. "Le concept de salle de décision collective et son application aux processus complexes EADS." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30121.
Full textLeca, Jean-Baptiste. "Dominance,négociation et processus de décision dans un groupe de capucins moines (Cebus Capucinus)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13205.
Full textHow do members of a primate group resolve their conflicts of interest so as to produce collective behaviours ? Two kinds of conflicts of interest were distinguished: open conflicts (agonistic and post-conflict interactions) and objective divergence (initiation and coordination of group movements). This research was carried out in a semi-free ranging group of 13 white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus). In this species, bidirectional open conflicts involving physical contact were quite frequent. Non-aggressive interventions were observed. Reconciliation was demonstrated and was quite frequent following intense and bidirectional conflicts. Intense behavioural patterns, such as clasping behaviours, were mainly used during conciliatory bouts. As regards objective divergence, every individual could initiate group movements: leadership was largely distributed to all socio-demographic classes. By emitting particular recruitment behaviours, the initiator might signal to its conspecifics its proposal concerning the next direction to follow. During progressions, affiliative relationships, rather than dominance hierarchy, account for the spatial and temporal organisation of the group members. In white-faced capuchins, conflicts of interest are resolved by using open negotiation processes. Dominance relationships are not a major factor in the pattern and distribution of interactions, or in the decision process underlying group movements. This species is not governed by a strict formalism in social relationships, and seems to display a relatively high level of tolerance. In the social system of white-faced capuchins, many variables appear to covary: this could be due to the structural constraints that define social organisations
Dayde, Charlotte. "Comprendre le processus de prise de décision opérationnelle en agriculture : une approche en rationalité limitée." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0006/document.
Full textIn order to explain the diversity of farmers’ practices, this these explores the decision-making process features involved in operational choices. Using a modeling and survey-based approach, we built a conceptual model of the farmer’s decision-making process, distinguished different use of the decision-making process (referred to as decision modes), highlighted the link between thesedecision modes and farmers’ practices, showed some simplification made by farmers in their decision-making process and offered suggestions for improving the decision support means to farmers. Both the models and the survey design are generic. They have been applied in a case study that makes it possible to explain the heterogeneity of fungicide use on soft wheat between farmers in the Midi-Pyrénées region by their personal characteristics, the characteristics of their production situation and their decision modes
Tisseyre, Arnaud. "Utilisation des lois stables en finances." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090038.
Full textGarnier, Alice. "L'influence des expériences de croissance du dirigeant sur son processus de décision : vers une approche endogène de la direction d'entreprise." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22023.
Full textAs demonstrated by Hambrick and Mason (1984) in their Upper Echelons Theory, decisions, strategies and actions of the manager based on their experience and their personality have an impact on the performances of their business and hence on the growth of the latter.The theory of the higher levels (Hambrick and Mason, 1984) demonstrates that leaders act according to i) their interpretations of the strategic situation they are exposed to ; ii) experience and personality, as interpretations are based on those. The leaders therefore interpret the stimuli and take action through filters that are their cognitive patterns. Therefore, their personality, values and experience would be the base of their decisions and would condition the performances of their business.Hambrick and Mason (1984), however, report that the relationship "experience of the manager-company growth" can be reversed: the growth of the company itself can influence the characteristics of the management team or officer.Mintzberg et al. (1999, p.160) also say about the leaders : « experience build their knowledge, which in turn build their future experiences. » Our research is in strategic management and aims to inform debates over decision making of managers. It is enrolled in the course of cognitive science and specifically addresses issues inherent in the managerial cognition. In order to meet our research objectives, a survey was conducted among managers in France. In this investigation, the influence of the growth experiments on decisions is apprehended through cognitive mapping method. Our data are based on 25 leaders, representing 41 experiments, a manager can count several experiments. The collection of data necessary for establishing cognitive maps was achieved through written submissions to answer the research question posed by the managers participating in inter-company training offer.We choose to use in our research an abductive approach articulating theoretical and empirical approaches. We wanted, at first, in a deductive approach based on a logical rebuttal, to compare proposals from the literature review and initial conceptual model to data collected from the leaders through the construction of their cognitive map. Then, in a second step, the analysis of cognitive maps have revealed other ignored by the proposals from the literature items, to define new proposals which usefully complement our model. We obtained an effects analysis model of the growth experience of the process of decision making. The results of this thesis suggest that the growth experience, whether positive or negative, causes learning in decision making or "decision-learning", which establishes a new dynamic capacity management in the development of the company. Our results suggest that learning through experience growth gives the leader a clearer perception of his leadership role in growth situations; it is necessary for the leader to provide reflection phases without falling into the trap often required immediate action by the growth environment. The leader must also agree to review its management style and strategic vision. The growth experience gives the leader a more refined judgment allowing it to seize new opportunities, including through greater cognitive complexity that also allows him to analyze ambiguous or uncertain situations. Finally, our research suggests that the growth experience gives the leader a reasoned judgment that allows them to better integrate the views of employees and the effects of the positive experience, not just those from failures or deemed negative experiences
El, Mekkaki Ahmed. "Le consentement des états membres dans le processus décisionel des organisations internationales." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN20003.
Full textThe consent of member states plays a crucial role in the process of the decision-making of international organizations. This can be noticed both at the level of the formation of the resolutions and at the level of their enforcement by the member’s states concerned. In the formation of the resolutions, the consent of the member states concerns successively the choice of the agenda items of the deliberating body, the choice of the content of the resolution text and then the final adoption of these resolutions as unilateral acts of the said international organization. In the application of such resolutions, the consent of member states is expressed mainly by the engagement of the states involved to be bound by the resolutions addressed to them. Depending on the case, it may be given as from the entry of states in the organization or later on, following the resolutions involving them. It can either be explicit or implicit, total or partial (expression of reservations). Certainly, some of these organizations were endowed with larger powers of control and sanction which could facilitate the enforcement of their resolutions. However, in order to perform the tasks for which they were created, they must retry on the cooperation and good will of their member states because, without such cooperation and good will, nothing can be achieved
Brisbois, Xavier. "Le processus de décision dans le choix modal : importance des déterminants individuels, symboliques et cognitifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556569.
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