Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus de Lévy'
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Chaumont, Loïc. "Processus de Lévy et conditionnement." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066085.
Full textBouselmi, Aych. "Options américaines et processus de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944239.
Full textMikou, Mohammed. "Options américaines dans les modèles exponentiels de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628448.
Full textBartholme, Carine. "Self-similarity and exponential functionals of Lévy processes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209256.
Full textDans la première partie, le principal objet d’intérêt est la soi-disant fonctionnelle exponentielle de processus de Lévy. La loi de cette variable aléatoire joue un rôle primordial dans de nombreux domaines divers tant sur le plan théorique que dans des domaines appliqués. Doney dérive une factorisation de la loi arc-sinus en termes de suprema de processus stables indépendants et de même index. Une factorisation similaire de la loi arc-sinus en termes de derniers temps de passage au niveau 1 de processus de Bessel peut aussi être établie en utilisant un résultat dû à Getoor. Des factorisations semblables d’une variable de Pareto en termes des mêmes objets peut également être obtenue. Le but de cette partie est de donner une preuve unifiée et une généralisation de ces factorisations qui semblent n’avoir aucun lien à première vue. Même s’il semble n’y avoir aucune connexion entre le supremum d’un processus stable et le dernier temps de passage d’un processus de Bessel, il peut être montré que ces variables aleatoires sont liées à des fonctionnelles exponentielles de processus de Lévy spécifiques. Notre contribution principale dans cette partie et aussi au niveau de caractérisations de la loi de la fonctionnelle exponentielle sont des factorisations de la loi arc-sinus et de variables de Pareto généralisées. Notre preuve s’appuie sur une factorisation de Wiener-Hopf récente de Patie et Savov.
Dans la deuxième partie, motivée par le fait que la dérivée fractionnaire de Caputo et d’autres opérateurs fractionnaires classiques coïncident avec le générateur de processus de Markov auto-similaires positifs particuliers, nous introduisons des opérateurs généralisés de Caputo et nous étudions certaines propriétés. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux conditions sous lesquelles ces opérateurs coïncident avec les générateurs infinitésimaux de processus de Markov auto-similaires positifs généraux. Dans ce cas, nous étudions les fonctions invariantes de ces opérateurs qui admettent une représentation en termes de séries entières. Nous précisons que cette classe de fonctions contient les fonctions de Bessel modifiées, les fonctions de Mittag-Leffler ainsi que plusieurs fonctions hypergéométriques. Nous proposons une étude unifiant et en profondeur de cette classe de fonctions.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Richard, Mathieu. "Arbres, Processus de branchement non markoviens et Processus de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649235.
Full textDuquesne, Thomas. "Arbres aléatoires, processus de Lévy et superprocessus." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066549.
Full textDávila-Felipe, Miraine. "Pathwise decompositions of Lévy processes : applications to epidemiological modeling." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066651.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the study of some pathwise decompositions of spectrally positive Lévy processes, and duality relationships for certain (possibly non-Markovian) branching processes, driven by the use of the latter as probabilistic models of epidemiological dynamics. More precisely, we model the transmission tree of a disease as a splitting tree, i.e. individuals evolve independently from one another, have i.i.d. lifetimes (periods of infectiousness) that are not necessarily exponential, and give birth (secondary infections) at a constant rate during their lifetime. The incidence of the disease under this model is a Crump-Mode-Jagers process (CMJ); the overarching goal of the two first chapters is to characterize the law of this incidence process through time, jointly with the partially observed (inferred from sequence data) transmission tree. In Chapter I we obtain a description, in terms of probability generating functions, of the conditional likelihood of the number of infectious individuals at multiple times, given the transmission network linking individuals that are currently infected. In the second chapter, a more elegant version of this characterization is given, passing by a general result of invariance under time reversal for a class of branching processes. Finally, in Chapter III we are interested in the law of the (sub)critical branching process seen from its extinction time. We obtain a duality result that implies in particular the invariance under time reversal from their extinction time of the (sub)critical CMJ processes and the excursion away from 0 of the critical Feller diffusion (the width process of the continuum random tree)
Lambert, Amaury. "Arbres, excursions et processus de Lévy complètement asymétriques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00252150.
Full textLes deux suivants sont consacrés aux processus de branchement à espace d'états continu, qui sont des processus de Lévy sans saut négatif changés de temps : généalogie (deuxième chapitre), dont nous dérivons des théorèmes de type Ray-Knight, et conditionnement à ne jamais s'éteindre (troisième chapitre).
Enfin, le dernier chapitre traite de théorie du renouvellement multivariée dans deux cas naturels d'ensembles aléatoires emboîtés.
Haugomat, Tristan. "Localisation en espace de la propriété de Feller avec application aux processus de type Lévy." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S046/document.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we give a space localisation for the theory of Feller processes. A first objective is to obtain simple and precise results on the convergence of Markov processes. A second objective is to study the link between the notions of Feller property, martingale problem and Skorokhod topology. First we give a localised version of the Skorokhod topology. We study the notions of compactness and tightness for this topology. We make the connexion between localised and unlocalised Skorokhod topologies, by using the notion of time change. In a second step, using the localised Skorokhod topology and the time change, we study martingale problems. We show the equivalence between, on the one hand, to be solution of a well-posed martingale problem, on the other hand, to satisfy a localised version of the Feller property, and finally, to be a Markov process weakly continuous with respect to the initial condition. We characterise the weak convergence for solutions of martingale problems in terms of convergence of associated operators and give a similar result for discrete time approximations. Finally, we apply the theory of locally Feller process to some examples. We first apply it to the Lévy-type processes and obtain convergence results for discrete and continuous time processes, including simulation methods and Euler’s schemes. We then apply the same theory to one-dimensional diffusions in a potential and we obtain convergence results of diffusions or random walks towards singular diffusions. As a consequences, we deduce the convergence of random walks in random environment towards diffusions in random potential
Véchambre, Grégoire. "Fonctionnelles de processus de Lévy et diffusions en milieux aléatoires." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2038/document.
Full textFor V a random càd-làg process, we call diffusion in the random medium V the formal solution of thestochastic differential equation \[ dX_t = - \frac1{2} V'(X_t) dt + dB_t, \] where B is a brownian motion independent of V . The local time at time t and at the position x of thediffusion, denoted by LX(t, x), gives a measure of the amount of time spent by the diffusion at point x,before instant t. In this thesis we consider the case where the medium V is a spectrally negative Lévyprocess converging almost surely toward −∞, and we are interested in the asymptotic behavior, whent goes to infinity, of $\mathcal{L}_X^*(t) := \sup_{\mathbb{R}} \mathcal{L}_X(t, .)$ the supremum of the local time of the diffusion. We arealso interested in the localization of the point most visited by the diffusion. We notably establish theconvergence in distribution and the almost sure behavior of the supremum of the local time. This studyreveals that the asymptotic behavior of the supremum of the local time is deeply linked to the propertiesof the exponential functionals of Lévy processes conditioned to stay positive and this brings us to studythem. If V is a Lévy process, V ↑ denotes the process V conditioned to stay positive. The exponentialfunctional of V ↑ is the random variable $\int_0^{+ \infty} e^{- V^{\uparrow} (t)}dt$ . For this object, we study in particular finiteness
Voisin, Guillaume. "Elagage d'un arbre de Lévy - Diffusion aléatoire en milieu Lévy." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444554.
Full textDia, El Hadj Aly. "Options exotiques dans les modèles exponentiels de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520583.
Full textMiermont, Grégory. "Coalescence et fragmentation stochastiques, arbres aléatoires et processus de Lévy." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004037.
Full textVigon, Vincent. "Simplifiez vos Lévy en titillant la factorisation de Wiener-Hopf." INSA de Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0002.
Full textLalaharison, Hanjarivo. "Processus de Lévy et leurs applications en finance : analyse, méthodologie et estimation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010020.
Full textVigon, Vincent. "Simplifiez vos Lévy en titillant la factorisation de Wierner-Hopf." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567466.
Full textTankov, Peter. "Processus de Lévy en Finance : Problèmes Inverses et Modélisation de Dépendance." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007944.
Full textLa deuxième partie est consacrée au développement d'une méthode permettant de caractériser les structures de dépendance entre les composantes d'un processus de Lévy multidimensionnel et de construire des modèles exponentielle-Lévy multidimensionnels. Cet objectif est atteint grâce à l'introduction de la notion de copule de Lévy, qui peut être considérée comme l'analogue pour les processus de Lévy de la notion de copule, utilisée en statistique pour modéliser la dépendance entre les variables aléatoires réelles. Les exemples de familles paramétriques de copules de Lévy sont donnés et une méthode de simulation de processus de Lévy multidimensionnels, dont la structure de dépendance est décrite par une copule de Lévy, est proposée.
Bansaye, Vincent. "Applications des processus de Lévy et processus de branchement à des études motivées par l'informatique et la biologie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339230.
Full textCoqueret, Guillaume. "Options exotiques, lois infiniment divisibles et processus de Lévy : aspects théoriques et pratiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10146/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of three independent chapters.The first one deals with closed forms of the Wiener-hopf factorization for Lévy processes. We list the known cases for which this factorization can be explicitely written and provide a detailed account when the underlying functions are meromorphic of order two.The second chapter focuses on the inversion of the Laplace transform. We present an approximative method in a probabilistic setting. If the behavior of the Laplace transform near zero is known and if the underlying density is bounded, then this method yields a uniform bound for the error on the cumulative distribution function. We test this technique on two non-trivial examples.The final chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the pricing of exotic options in the Finite Moment Log-Stable model of Carr and Wu. In some cases, it is possible to obtain closed forms (converging series) for the prices of lookback and barrier options. In all other cases, we study several simulation techniques for the trajectories of the underlying for the purpose of Monte-Carlo valuation
Cordero, Fernando. "Sur la théorie des excursions pour des processus de Lévy symétriques stables d'indice α ϵ ]1,2] et quelques applications." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521136.
Full textCarmona, Philippe. "Généralisation de la loi de l'arc sinus et entrelacements de processus de Markov." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066811.
Full textBansaye, Vincent. "Applications des processus de Lévy et des processus de branchement à des études motivées par l’informatique et la biologie." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339230.
Full textEs-Sebaiy, Khalifa. "Contributions à l'étude des processus de Lévy et des processus fractionnaires via le calcul de Malliavin et applications en statistiques." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010010.
Full textNguyen-Ngoc, Laurent. "Autour des processus de Lévy et quelques applications à des problèmes de mathématiques financières." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066239.
Full textEs-Sebaiy, Khalifa. "Contributions à l'étude des processus de Lévy et des processus fractionnaires via le calcul de Malliavin et applications en statistique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00382521.
Full textDans la première partie, nous établissons les théorèmes d'Itô et deTanaka pour le mouvement brownien bifractionnaire multidimensionnel. Ensuite nous étudions l'existence de la densité d'occupation pour certains processus en relation avec le mouvement brownien fractionnaire.
Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons, dans un premier temps, le comportement asymptotique de la variation cubique pour le processus de Rosenblatt. Dans un deuxième temps, nous construisons d'une part des estimateurs efficace pour la dérive de mouvement brownien fractionnaire et d'autre part des estimateurs biaisés de type James-Stein qui dominent, sous le riqsue quadratique usuel, l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance.
La dernière partie présente deux travaux. Dans le premier, nous utilisons une approche menant à un calcul de Malliavin pour les processus de Lévy, qui a été développée récemment par Solé et al. , et nous étudions des processus anticipés de type intégrale d'Itô-Skorohod sur l'espace de Lévy. Dans le deuxième, nous étudions le lien entre les processus stables et les processus auto-similaires, à travers des processus qui sont infiniment divisibles en temps.
Delaporte, Cécile. "Théorèmes limites pour les processus de branchement avec mutations." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066209/document.
Full textThis thesis studies branching population models called splitting trees, where individuals evolve independently from one another, have independent and identically distributed lifetimes (that are not necessarily exponential), and give birth at constant rate during their lives. We further assume that each individual carries a type, and possibly undergoes a mutation at her birth, that changes her type into a new one. In the first chapter, we prove convegence results for bivariate Lévy processes with non negative jumps. These theoretical results are used in the second chapter to establish an invariance principle for the genealogical tree of the populations described above, enriched with their mutational history, in a large population size asymptotic. Finally we study in the third chapter the genealogical structure and the site frequency spectrum (number of mutations carried by a given number of individuals) for uniform samples in critical branching populations whose scaling limit is a Brownian tree (e.g., critical birth-death trees). Possible future applications of these results to population genetics are presented in the fourth chapter
Pardo, Millan Juan Carlos. "Comportement asymptotique des processus de Markov auto-similaires positifs et forêts de Lévy stables conditionnées." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162262.
Full textMurr, Rüdiger. "Les classes réciproques des processus de Markov : une approche avec des formules de dualité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100124/document.
Full textThis work is concerned with the characterization of certain classes of stochastic processes via duality formulae. In particular we consider reciprocal processes with jumps, a subject up to now neglected in the literature. In the first part we introduce a new formulation of a characterization of processes with independent increments. This characterization is based on a duality formula satisfied by processes with infinitely divisible increments, in particular Lévy processes, which is well known in Malliavin calculus. We obtain two new methods to prove this duality formula, which are not based on the chaos decomposition of the space of square-integrable functionals. One of these methods uses a formula of partial integration that characterizes infinitely divisible random vectors. In this context, our characterization is a generalization of Stein's lemma for Gaussian random variables and Chen's lemma for Poisson random variables. The generality of our approach permits us to derive a characterization of infinitely divisible random measures.The second part of this work focuses on the study of the reciprocal classes of Markov processes with and without jumps and their characterization. We start with a resume of already existing results concerning the reciprocal classes of Brownian diffusions as solutions of duality formulae. As a new contribution, we show that the duality formula satisfied by elements of the reciprocal class of a Brownian diffusion has a physical interpretation as a stochastic Newton equation of motion. Thus we are able to connect the results of characterizations via duality formulae with the theory of stochastic mechanics by our interpretation, and to stochastic optimal control theory by the mathematical approach. As an application we are able to prove an invariance property of the reciprocal class of a Brownian diffusion under time reversal.In the context of pure jump processes we derive the following new results. We describe the reciprocal classes of Markov counting processes, also called unit jump processes, and obtain a characterization of the associated reciprocal class via a duality formula. This formula contains as key terms a stochastic derivative, a compensated stochastic integral and an invariant of the reciprocal class. Moreover we present an interpretation of the characterization of a reciprocal class in the context of stochastic optimal control of unit jump processes. As a further application we show that the reciprocal class of a Markov counting process has an invariance property under time reversal. Some of these results are extendable to the setting of pure jump processes, that is, we admit different jump-sizes. In particular, we show that the reciprocal classes of Markov jump processes can be compared using reciprocal invariants. A characterization of the reciprocal class of compound Poisson processes via a duality formula is possible under the assumption that the jump-sizes of the process are incommensurable
Pham, Hai Ha. "Quelques contributions à l'étude de modèles bivariés de dégradation et de choc en fiabilité." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3019/document.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to the study of bivariate models in reliability, which take into account several types of dependence between components. As a first step, we are interested in a two-component system with accumulating deterioration modeled by a bivariate increasing Lévy process (bivariate subordinator). Under this hypothesis, two different studies are made : one under the assumption of continuous monitoring and perfect repair, the other one under the assumption of periodic inspections and imperfect repair. In a second step, the thesis is devoted to the study of another bivariate survivalmodel, under the influence of a stochastic and stressful environment. The dependence between components is here induced by the common stressful environment, with different incidence on the two components (increment of failure rate for one, of deterioration level for the other). For each of the studied models, our results show the importance of taking into account the dependence between the components of a system
Ngom, Waly. "Contributions à l'étude de l'instant de défaut d'un processus de Lévy en observation complète et incomplète." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30102/document.
Full textIn this Ph.D thesis, we consider a jump-diffusion process which the diffusion part is a drifted Brownian motion and the jump part is a compound Poisson process. We assume that a firm value is modelling by a stochastic process V = V0 exp-X. This firm goes to default whenever its value is below a specified tlrreshold b which is exo genously determined. For x = ln(Vo) - ln(b) > 0, the default time is of the form Tx = inf{t 2:0: X, 2: x}. First, we suppose that agents observe perfectly the firm value. In this mode, we sho wed in chapter 2 that the density of the default time is continuons, then study the joint law of the default time, overshoot an undershoot. We obtained in chapter 3 a valued measure differentia equation which the solution is the quadruplet formed by the random variable X,, the running supremum x; of X at time t, the supremum of X at the last jump time before t and the last jump time before t. Secondly, we assume that investors wishing detain a part of the firm can not observe the firm value. They observe a noisy value of the firm and their information is madel ling by the filtration g = (9,,t 2: 0) generated by their observation. In this mode, we have shown that the conditional density of Tx with respect to Ç has a density which is solution of one stochastic integral-differentia equation The knowledge of this density allows investors to predict the default time after time t. This second part is the chapter 4
Mariucci, Ester. "Quelques résultats d'équivalence asymptotique pour des expériences statistiques dans un cadre non paramétrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM031/document.
Full textThe subject of this Ph.D. thesis is the asymptotic equivalence, in the Le Cam sense, between different statistical models. Specifically, we explore the case of statistical models associated with the discrete observation of jump processes or diffusion processes as well as more classical density models.Below, we briefly introduce the different chapters of this dissertation.We begin by presenting our results in a first introductory chapter. Then, in Chapter 2, we recall the key points of the Le Cam theory on statistical experiences focusing on a nonparametric context.Chapters 3 and 4 deal with asymptotic equivalences for statistical models associated with discrete observation (high frequency) of jump processes. First, we focus on an equivalence problem regarding the estimation of the drift, assumed to belong to a certain functional class. It turns out (Chapter 3) that there is an asymptotic equivalence, for what concerns the estimation of the drift, between the statistical model associated with the discrete observation of an additive process $X$ and the Gaussian statistical model associated with the discrete observation of the continuous part of $X$. Then we study the problem of nonparametric density estimation for the Lévy density $f$ of a pure jump Lévy process $Y$. Chapter 4 illustrates the asymptotic equivalence, for what concerns the estimation of $f$, between the statistical model associated with the discrete observation of $Y$ and a certain Gaussian white noise model having $sqrt f$ as drift.In Chapter 5 we present an extension of the well-known asymptotic equivalence between density estimation experiments and a Gaussian white noise model.Chapter 6 describes the asymptotic equivalence between a scalar diffusion model with unknown drift and with diffusion coefficient tending to zero and the corresponding Euler scheme. In Chapter 7 we present a bound for the $L_1$ distance between the laws of additive processes.Chapter 8 is devoted to conclusions and discusses possible extensions of the results of this thesis
Petkovic, Alexandre. "Three essays on exotic option pricing, multivariate Lévy processes and linear aggregation of panel models." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210357.
Full textDoctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
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RIVERO, MERCADO Victor. "Recouvrements Aléatoires et Processus de Markov Auto-Similaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007346.
Full textRivero, Mercado Victor Manuel. "Récouvrements aléatoires et processus de Markov auto-similaires." Paris 6, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007346.
Full textUlrich, Michael. "Investigating non commutative structures - quantum groups and dual groups in the context of quantum probability." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2061/document.
Full textNoncommutative Mathematics are a very active domain. The idea underlying it is that instead of describing a space as a set of points, it is equivalent to describe it with the algebra of functions defined on said space. This algebra is commutative. Now we replace this algebra with an algebra that is not necessarily commutative any more and we want to interpret it as the algebra of functions defined on a « noncommutative space ». Quantum groups are an example of such a noncommutative generalization of the notion of group. They are C*-algebras equipped with a comultiplication that takes its values in the tensor product of the algebra with itself. Quantum groups are well-known and well studied. Nevertheless we can also define dual groups, which are similar to quantum groups, but the comultiplication takes now its values in the free product of the algebra with itself, instead of the tensor product. Though dual groups have been introduced in the 80s, they have not been much studied so far. The goal of this thesis is to study their properties, especially in the case of one particular dual group called the unitary dual group, by using methods from noncommutative probability (or quantum probability)
Éon, Richard. "Asymptotique des solutions d'équations différentielles de type frottement perturbées par des bruits de Lévy stables." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S024/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of friction type differential equations, in other words, attractive equations, with a unique stable point 0, describing the speed of an object submitted to a frictional force. This object's speed is disturbed by Lévy type random perturbations. In a first part, one is interested in fondamental properties of these SDE: existence and unicity of a solution, Markov and ergodic properties, and more particularly the case of stable Lévy processes.In a second part, one study the stability of the solution of these SDE when the perturbation is an stable Lévy process that tends to 0. In fact, one proves the existence of a Taylor expansion of order one around the deterministic solution for the object's speed and position. In a third part, one study the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions when the initial speed is 0 and the perturbation is a symmetric stable Lévy process. One proves that the amount of perturbations, if the stability's index of the Lévy process and the increasing of the potential are big enough, leads to a gaussian asymptotic behaviour for the object's position.In a forth part, one relaxes the assumption of symmetry of the perturbation by proving the same result as in the third part but with a drift. To do so, one first studies the tail of the invariant measure of the object's speed.Finally, in a last part, one is interested in the same result as in the third part when the perturbation is the sum of the Brownian motion and a pure jump stable Lévy process. Then, one begins the study of the dimension two by considering the case where the equations are separated but where the driving Brownian motions are dependent
Winkel, Matthias. "Quelques contributions à la théorie des processus de Lévy et des applications en turbulence et en économétrie." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066492.
Full textTotouom, Tangho Daniel. "Copules dynamiques : applications en finance & en économie." Paris, ENMP, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003260.
Full textIn this thesis, we show that with the growth of credit derivatives markets, new products are continually being created and market liquidity is increasing. After reviewing these products starting out from the credit default swap, CDS, and describing their evolution since their inception in the early 90s, we demonstrate that this development has been market driven, with the mathematical models used for pricing lagging behind. As the market developed, the weak points of the models became apparent and improved models had to be developed. In October 2003 when the work on this thesis started, CDOs (Collateralised Debt Obligations) were becoming standard products. A new generation of products which we will refer to as third generation credit derivatives were starting to come on line: these include forward-starting CDS, forward-starting CDOs, options on CDOs, CPDO (in full) and so forth. In contrast to early products, these derivatives require a dynamic model of the evolution of the “correlation” between the names over time, something which base correlation was not designed to do. Our objective was to develop a family of multivariate copula processes with different types of upper and lower tail dependence so as to be able to reproduce the correlation smiles/skews observed in credit derivatives in practice. We chose to work with a dynamic version of Archimedean copulas because unlike many other copulas found in the literature, they are mathematically consistent multivariate models. Chapter 2 presents two different approaches for developing these processes. The first model developed is a non-additive jump process based on a background gamma process; the second approach is based on time changed spectrally positive Levy process. The first approach is very convenient for simulations; the second approach is based on additive building blocks and hence is a more general. Two applications of these models to credit risk derivatives were carried out. The first one on pricing synthetic CDOs at different maturities (Chapter 5) was presented at the 5th Annual Advances in Econometrics Conference in Baton Rouge, Louisiane, November 3-5 2006 and has been submitted for publication. The second one which presents a comparison of the pricing given by these dynamic copulas with five well-known copula models, has been submitted to the Journal of Derivatives (see Chapter 6). Having tested the basic dynamic copula models in a credit derivative context, we went on to combine this framework with matrix migration approach (Chapter 3). In order to market structured credit derivatives, banks have to get them rated by rating agencies such as S&P, Moody’s and Fitch. A key question is the evolution of the rating over time (i. E. Its migration). As the latest innovations in the credit derivatives markets such as Constant Proportion Debt Obligation (CPDO) require being able to model credit migration and correlation in order to handle substitutions on the index during the roll, we propose a model for the joint dynamics of credit ratings of several firms. We then proposed a mathematical framework were individual credit ratings are modelled by a continuous time Markov chain, and their joint dynamics are modelled using a copula process. Copulas allow us to incorporate our knowledge of single name credit migration processes, into a multivariate framework. This is further extended with the multi-factor and time changed approach. A multifactor approach is developed within the new formulated dynamic copula processes, and a time changed Levy process is used to introduce dependency on spread dynamics
Cuvillier, Philippe. "On temporal coherency of probabilistic models for audio-to-score alignment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066532.
Full textThis thesis deals with automatic alignment of audio recordings with corresponding music scores. We study algorithmic solutions for this problem in the framework of probabilistic models which represent hidden evolution on the music score as stochastic process. We begin this work by investigating theoretical foundations of the design of such models. To do so, we undertake an axiomatic approach which is based on an application peculiarity: music scores provide nominal duration for each event, which is a hint for the actual and unknown duration. Thus, modeling this specific temporal structure through stochastic processes is our main problematic. We define temporal coherency as compliance with such prior information and refine this abstract notion by stating two criteria of coherency. Focusing on hidden semi-Markov models, we demonstrate that coherency is guaranteed by specific mathematical conditions on the probabilistic design and that fulfilling these prescriptions significantly improves precision of alignment algorithms. Such conditions are derived by combining two fields of mathematics, Lévy processes and total positivity of order 2. This is why the second part of this work is a theoretical investigation which extends existing results in the related literature
Pardo, Millan Juan Carlos. "Comportement asymptotique des processus de Markov auto-similaires positifs et forêts de Levy stables conditionnées." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162262.
Full textSelf-similar Markov processes often arise in various part of probability theory as limits of rescaled processes. TheMarkov property added to self-similarity provides some interesting features, as noted by Lamperti. The aim of the first part of this thesis is to describe the lower and the upper envelope through integral tests and laws of the iterated logarithm of a large class of positive self-similar Markov processes, as their future infimum and the positive slef-similar Markov process reflected at its future infimum. The second part deals with Lévy forest of a given size and conditioned by its mass. In paricular, an invariance principle for this conditioned forest is proved by considering a finite number of independent Galton-Watson trees whose offspring distribution is in the dommain of attraction of any stable law conditioned on their total progeny
Mansuy, Roger. "Contributions à l' étude de quelques aspects du mouvement brownien et d' autres processus stochastiques." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066327.
Full textJeunesse, Maxence. "Etude de deux problèmes de contrôle stochastique : put americain avec dividendes discrets et principe de programmation dynamique avec contraintes en probabilités." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1012/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we address two problems of stochastic optimal control. Each problem constitutes a different Part in this document. The first problem addressed is very precise, it is the valuation of American contingent claims and more specifically the American Put in the presence of discrete dividends (Part I). The second one is more general, since it is the proof of the existence of a dynamic programming principle under expectation constraints in a discrete time framework (Part II). Although the two problems are quite distinct, the dynamic programming principle is at the heart of these two problems. The relationship between the value of an American Put and a free boundary problem has been proved by McKean. The boundary of this problem has a clear economic meaning since it corresponds at all times to the upper limit of the asset price above which the holder of such an option would exercise immediately his right to sell. The shape of the boundary in the presence of discrete dividends has not been solved to the best of our knowledge. Under the assumption that the dividend is a deterministic function of asset prices at the date just before the dividend payment, we investigate how the boundary is modified. In the neighborhood of dividend dates and in the model of Chapter 3, we know what the monotonicity of the border is, and we quantify its local behavior. In Chapter 3, we show that the smooth-fit property is satisfied at any date except for those of the payment of dividends. In both Chapters 3 and 4, we are able to give conditions to guarantee the continuity of the border outside dates of dividend. Part II was originally motivated by the optimal management of the production of an hydro-electric power plant with a probability constraint on the reservoir level on certain dates. Using Balder'sworks on Young's relaxation of optimal control problems, we focus more specifically on their resolution by dynamic programming. In Chapter 5, we extend results of Evstigneev to the framework of Young measures. We show that dynamic programming can be used to solve some problems with conditional expectations constraints. Through the ideas of Bouchard, Elie, Soner and Touzi on stochastic target problems with controlled loss, we show in Chapter 6 that a problem with expectation constraints can be reduced to a problem with conditional expectation constraints. Finally, as a special case, we show that the initial problem of dam management can be solved by dynamic programming
Ghamlouch, Houda. "Modélisation de la dégradation, maintenance conditionnelle et pronostic : usage des processus de diffusion." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0019/document.
Full textA major concern for engineers and managers nowadays is to make high quality products and highly reliable systems. In this context, reliability analysis and failure prediction, besides of efficient maintenance decision-making are strongly required. Deterioration modeling and analysis is a fundamental step for the understanding and the anticipation of system behavior. Consider a functional system operating in unstable conditions or environment where the deterioration level is not observable and could not be determined by direct measures. For this system a set of measurable health indicator that indirectly reflects the system working conditions and deterioration level can be defined and examined. Considering these indicators, the development of a mathematical model describing the system behavior is required.In this thesis, we consider a set of non-monotone indicators evolving in a dynamic environment. Taking into account the major features of the data evolution as well as the impact of dynamic environment consequences and potential shocks, stochastic models based on Wiener and jump processes are proposed for these indicators. Each model is calibrated and tested, and their limits are discussed. A decision-making approach for preventive maintenance strategies is then proposed. In this approach, knowing the RUL of the system, a simulation-based real options analysis is used in order to determine the best date to maintain. Considering a case study of a wind turbine with PHM structure, the decision optimization approach is described
Méjane, Olivier. "Equations aux différences aléatoires : des fonctionnelles exponentielles de Lévy aux polymères dirigés en environnement aléatoire." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30173.
Full textLamine, Salem. "Processus de Markov multi-auto-similaires à valeurs dans IRd." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0055.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying all R^d-valued multi-self-similar Markov processes (mssMp’s), introduced by Jacobsen and Yor in 2003 in the aim of extending the famous Lamperti transformation to R_+^d -valued processes. A full description of these processes is given and many properties of these processes are proved in this work. In particular, we give in the second chapter the form of their state space,and we show that there is no finite entrance law at 0. We give conditions for these processes to satisfy the Feller property. A Lamperti-type representation is also valid for mssMp’s and there is a one-to-one relationship between the set of R^d-valued mssMp’s and the set of Markov additive processes with values in {-1,1}^d×R^d. This allowed us to establish, in the third chapter some properties of inversion, duality and conditioning of mssMp’s. In particular, we build under some assumptions an excessive function h for a give nmssMp. Then we show that the Doob h-transformis interpreted as the original process conditioned to avoid 0 or to hit 0 continuously. We show also under some reversibility conditions, that mssMp’s have the space inversion property
Cuvillier, Philippe. "On temporal coherency of probabilistic models for audio-to-score alignment." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066532/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with automatic alignment of audio recordings with corresponding music scores. We study algorithmic solutions for this problem in the framework of probabilistic models which represent hidden evolution on the music score as stochastic process. We begin this work by investigating theoretical foundations of the design of such models. To do so, we undertake an axiomatic approach which is based on an application peculiarity: music scores provide nominal duration for each event, which is a hint for the actual and unknown duration. Thus, modeling this specific temporal structure through stochastic processes is our main problematic. We define temporal coherency as compliance with such prior information and refine this abstract notion by stating two criteria of coherency. Focusing on hidden semi-Markov models, we demonstrate that coherency is guaranteed by specific mathematical conditions on the probabilistic design and that fulfilling these prescriptions significantly improves precision of alignment algorithms. Such conditions are derived by combining two fields of mathematics, Lévy processes and total positivity of order 2. This is why the second part of this work is a theoretical investigation which extends existing results in the related literature
Goutte, Stéphane. "Couverture quadratique en marché incomplet pour des processus à accroissements indépendants et applications au marché de l'électricté." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526383.
Full textDorobantu, Diana. "Modélisation du risque de défaut en entreprise." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257243.
Full text$sup_{\tau\in \Delta, \tau\geq 0} \esp_v\left[g(V_{\tau})\right] \hbox{~ou}~
sup_{\tau\in \Delta, \tau\geq 0} \esp_v\left[e^{-r\tau}\bar{g}(V_{\tau})\right],$
où $V$ est un processus stochastique, $g$ et $\bar{g}$ deux fonctions boréliennes, $r>0$ et $\Delta$ est l'ensemble des $\F^V$-temps d'arrêt ($\F_.^V$ étant la filtration engendrée par le processus $V$).
L'étude de ces problèmes est motivée par les applications dans plusieurs domaines comme la finance, l'économie ou la médecine.
La première partie est une mise en évidence du fait que le plus petit temps d'arrêt optimal est parfois un temps d'atteinte. C'est pourquoi, dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, on s'intéresse à la loi d'un temps d'atteinte d'un processus de Lévy à sauts ainsi qu'à quelques applications à la finance, plus précisément lors du calcul de l'intensité de ce temps d'arrêt associée à une certaine filtration $\F$. Deux cas sont présentés : quand le temps d'arrêt est un $\F$-temps d'arrêt et quand il ne l'est pas.
Goutte, Stéphane. "Variance optimal hedging in incomplete market for processes with independant increments and applications to electricity market." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132041.
Full textThe thesis focuses on an explicit decomposition Föllmer-Schweizer and an important class of contingent assets when the price of the underlying is a process with independent increments (PII) or exponential PII process. This allows to provide an efficient algorithm for solving the mean variance hedging problem. Applications to models derived from the electricity market are performed
Lopusanschi, Olga. "Chemins rugueux issus de processus discrets." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS074/document.
Full textThrough the present work, we hope to contribute to extending the domain of applications of rough paths theory by studying the convergence of discrete processes and thus allowing for a new point of view on several issues appearing in the setting of classical stochastic calculus. We study the convergence, first of Markov chains on periodic graphs, then of hidden Markov walks, in rough path topology, and we show that this change of setting allows to bring forward extra information on the limit using the area anomaly, which is invisible in the uniform topology. We want to show that the utility of this object goes beyond the setting of dierential equations. We also show how rough paths can be used to encode the way we embed a discrete process in the space of continuous functions, and that the limits of these embeddings dier precisely by the area anomaly term. We then define the iterated occupation times for a Markov chain and show using iterated sums that they form an underlying combinatorial structure for hidden Markov walks. We then construct rough paths using iterated sums and compare them to the classical construction, which uses iterated integrals, to get two dierent types of rough paths at the limit: the non-geometric and the geometric one respectively. Finally, we illustrate the computation and construction of the area anomaly and we give some extra results on the convergence of iterated sums and occupation times