Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus de prix'
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Bilodeau, Jean-François. "Analyse de processus de sauts dans le prix du pétrole brut." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ47169.pdf.
Full textLakhdar, Bachir S. I. "Les Processus de coordination prix, normes et ordre social." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375988811.
Full textBiais, Bruno. "Microstructure des marches et processus de formation des prix." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHEC0005.
Full textThe optimal determination of bid and ask prices and its implications for the returns generating process are studied in this thesis. First,the problem is broached, for a general utility function, in a partial equilibrium setting. Prices are command variables, to the extent that they have an impact on transaction probabilities and exchanged quantities. This dependance is shown to be rather complex. Only in particular cases do intuitive results obtain second, interdealer competition is analyzed. The determination of optimal spreads depends on the informations delaers have on their comptitor's positions. The competitive pressure on spreads and the equilibrium number of dealers are analyzed in different market structures. It is shown that greater transparency increases competition and thus implies a lower number of dealers in equilibrium. Finally, the impact of the spread on returns autocorrelation is studied. Inventory control behaviour gives rise to two opposite effects. On the one hand, the alternation of bid and ask prices tend to imply negative autocorrelation. But, on the other hand, shifts in the location of the spread may induce positive autocorrelation. Both effects are analyszed. A sufficient condition for the latter to prevail is given
Carricano, Manu Xavier. "Une contribution à la définition d'indicateurs clés du processus de fixation des prix." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40001.
Full textMany companies lack insights or fact-based support for the pricing decisions they make in an increasingly complex environment. In order to optimize their pricing process, managers need to identify key indicators that may influence the performance of their decisions. This doctoral dissertation reports an investigation of pricing determinants in big companies manufacturing capital goods in France. More precisely, we explore the relationship between such determinants and the pricing decision-making process, and its consequence in terms of price level (i. E. The capacity to set a price premium). After a qualitative enquiry on the pricing function and how the 28 pricing managers interviewed perceived the pricing decision-making process, the main study consisted in a questionnaire survey addressed to key informants (pricing managers or executives in charge of pricing) in 98 of the biggest manufacturing companies in France about their new-product pricing decision-making process. Some determinants have an influence on several decisions, or sequences of the decision-making process. We describe these determinants as Key Pricing Indicators as they operate as performance levers: a good position on these variables gives firms more pricing power. But the vast majority of the firms in the study were unable to transform market leadership into pricing power, a situation that we describe as pricing myopia. This doctoral dissertation describes current pricing practices in leading companies with key informants (mainly pricing managers) highly involved in the pricing decision process
Carrère, Anne. "Modélisation économétrique du processus de formation des prix des métaux non ferreux." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10017.
Full textThis document presents a structural model of determination of the prices for aluminium, copper, nickel and titanium. The use of econometric techniques enabled the emphasize of the set of economic variables which are involved in the mechanism of formation of the quotations. From 1955 to the present day, the model reveals that prices are strongly responsive to the world economic environment and to important international political and social events. The prices tend towards a middle term equilibrium, going through transitory phases of unbalance that the metal producers and prices stabilization policies are trying to control
Bureau, Sandrine. "Analyse du processus de formation du prix des fromages fins au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33432.
Full textMikou, Mohammed. "Options américaines dans les modèles exponentiels de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628448.
Full textChamchiev, Tchinguiz. "Stabilité et instabilité monétaire : analyse du processus cumulatif de Wicksell en termes de circulation monétaire." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21015.
Full textThis thesis concerns the stability and the instability of the price level under the monetary circular-flow model of Wicksell. A logic-based analysis of the internal consistency of this model allows to understand the reasoning the following thesis of Wicksell is based on: (i) the instability of the price level is caused by the gap between the natural rate of interest and the bank rate of interest; (ii) the stability of monetary prices can be restored by the removal of this gap. The study of the main monetary works of Wicksell shows that the author develops a complex analysis in terms of closed monetary circular-flow and builds a set of closed monetary circular-flow models, beginning from rudimentary schemes and ending with the sophisticated model described in Chapter 9 of Geldzins und Güterpreise. The analysis of the latter model shows that it cannot be used as a basis of the thesis of Wicksell without resorting to ad hoc assumptions. Nevertheless, this model, as well as other circular-flow models of Wicksell, could be considered as highly fruitful research program: analysis and expansion of the intuitions and the models of Wicksell allow to formulate important issues about monetary stability and relationship between monetary and financial stabilities. Despite the fact that the two last decades were guided by wicksellian monetary policy and are often seen as successful in terms of inflation control, this study demonstrates that the relationship between the monetary rate of interest and the variation of the price level are too complicated to allow reducing the monetary policy to the simple rule based on the comparison between the natural and the monetary rates of interest. The analysis of the Wicksell’s cumulative process shows that modification of the monetary rate of interest by authorities could trigger real and monetary effects that could prevent achieving of monetary policy goals
Rochebiliere, Christian-Jacques. "La politique des prix en France de 1982 à 1986 : analyse appliquée d'un processus administré de désinflation." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020042.
Full textAfter the 1982 to 1986 french experiment, prices policy, combined with salary unpegging, appears like a form of total and coherent policy, well adapted to modern economic systems, in order to promute price stability without endangering industry dynamics or social considerations towards the repartition of national income. It goes with the logic of market economic systems, in spite of the apparent contraction of the restraint of prices and it may appear as a way of chanping from macroeconomic to microeconomic. This policy could be a way to manage prices at best for the objectives of general economy within a liberal growth pattern
Boco, Hervé. "Modèles de dynamique des prix sur les marchés financiers et processus de formation de bulles spéculatives." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0011.
Full textCorrea, Maria Laetitia. "A modernisation à tout prix : processus de travail, imaginaire et subjectivité politique dans l'industrie textile brésilienne." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010557.
Full textThis work evolves around two central questions, work and power in industry, and analyzes how they are determined and conditioned by the economic socio-political and cultural structures in contemporary Brazilian society. Brazil has been chosen in part because it is becoming integrated in the new world economic order of capital and techno-organizational modernization. The first question is analyzed both through the work process, wich is seen as the c rossroads of technology, the organization of labor and human resource management, and through the concept of imaginary representation in terms of class, wich is essential in order to understand the worker. This representation is made up of all the symbols and myths having individual meaning and sense within the context of a given society, and informs the ve ry identity of social actors. To analyze the second question, another tool has been used. It is that of history as an un finished event which enables the analysis of the various forms of organization that the actors conceive, build an use ev ery day as socio-political animals. The research was based on an empirical study of a textile firm - the santanense - in minas gerais state, Brazil. Results show that firms in Brazil are in the process of elaborating and introducing new methods of work organization and management which take the form of a multifaceted cultural engineering associated to the changes inherent to total quality programs. The impact of these methods is to reinforce the inequalities and authoritarism of Brazilian society
Subbotin, Alexander. "Horizons d'investissement multiples et dynamique des prix des titres." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00510035.
Full textNguyen, Vu-Nhat. "Etude des marchés de matières premières : valorisation et couverture d’instruments dérivés." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090075.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to characterize the behavior of commodity prices and to apply these results to the pricing and hedging of commodity derivatives. Although the literature refers to the fact that price volatility increases as the inventory decreases as a consequence of the theory of storage, this observation has so far been documented by using a proxy for inventory. Chapter 2 involves the building of world and US soybean inventories in order to provide a direct test for the aforementioned relationship. Following the results of this test, two- and three-factor models are developed, the third factor being “scarcity”, the inverse of the inventory level. The superiority of the three-factor model demonstrates the central role played by inventory in explaining the shape and the dynamics of the soybean forward curve. Chapter 3 provides empirical evidence of the “reverse leverage effect”, the “maturity effect”, and the “convexity effect”, which are the main features of energy commodity volatility smiles. The contribution of Chapter 4 is two-fold. First of all, a nearly closed-form commodity futures option model is developed to include the majority of the realistic features documented in the commodity literature: stochastic convenience yield, stochastic volatility, and random jumps in both price and volatility. This model is the first to allow for correlations between the spot price, the spot volatility, and the convenience yield, and between the two types of jumps. Secondly, the relative merits of modeling each of these features are empirically examined by applying the above model and its special cases to natural gas option prices. The last chapter is concerned with testing and estimating cointegration relationships between spot and futures prices for separate maturities of six industrial metals, as well as those between their inventories
Gex, Mathieu. "Le marché des credit default swaps : effets de contagion et processus de découverte des prix durant les crises." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647289.
Full textKourouvakalis, Stylianos. "Méthodes numériques pour la valorisation d’options swings et autres problèmes sur les matières premières." Paris 9, 2008. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090047.
Full textThe thesis presents a construction of a grid that discretizes the threshold model introduced by Geman and Roncoroni (2006) for electricity spot prices, incorporating both mean reversion and jumps, the direction of the latter depending on the price of the underlying at the time of the jump. The grid is used for the pricing of derivatives of European style, by backward induction method, in a setting of both constant and time-changing parameters. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the accuracy of the grid method which in addition is a lot faster to run. The grid is also extended to a multi-layer framework for the pricing of swing options, of both storage and supply type, in the general case of time-changing parameters, where once again Monte Carlo simulations confirm the accuracy of the pricing results. The thesis ends with a study of the impact of commodity price returns to the returns of stock prices of companies that produce the relevant commodity (oil, copper and wheat are used in the study). The results provide evidence that the stock prices are indeed influenced by the price of the relevant commodity and that this influence has increased in recent years
Al, Dayri Khalil. "Microstructure des marchés et modélisation du flux de trading." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPXX0097.
Full textBouselmi, Aych. "Options américaines et processus de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944239.
Full textStanciu-Viziteu, Lucian Daniel. "L'influence des processus cognitif, d'apprentissage et d'interaction sociaux des investisseurs sur le processus de formation des prix : une analyse grâce à la conception d'un simulateur de marché financier." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996394.
Full textGruet, Pierre. "Quelques problèmes d'estimation et de contrôle optimal pour les processus stochastiques dans un cadre de modélisation des prix des marchés de l'électricité." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01238618.
Full textIn this thesis, we study mathematical models for the representation of prices on the electricity markets, from the viewpoints of statistics of random processes and optimal stochastic control. In a first part, we perform estimation of the components of the volatility coefficient of a multidimensional diffusion process, which represents the evolution of prices in the electricity forward market. It is driven by two Brownian motions. We aim at achieving estimation efficiently in terms of convergence rate and, concerning the parametric part of those components, in terms of limit law. To do so, we must extend the usual notion of efficiency in the Cramér-Rao sense. Our estimation methods are based on realized quadratic variation of the observed process. In a second part, we add model error terms to the previous model, in order to tare for some kind of degeneration occurring in it as soon as the dimension of the observed process is greater than two. Our estimation methods are still based on realized quadratic variation, and we give other tools in order to keep on estimating the volatility components with the optimal rate when error terms are present. Then, numerical tests provide us with some evidence that such errors are present in the data. Finally, we solve the problem of a producer, which trades on the electricity intraday market in order to tope with the uncertainties on the outputs of his production units. We assume that there is market impact, so that the producer influences prices as he trades. The price and the forecast of the consumers' demand are modelled by jump diffusions. We use the tools of optimal stochastic control to determine the strategy of the producer in an approximate problem. We give conditions so that this strategy is close to optimality in the original problem, as well as numerical illustrations of that strategy
Serot, Isabelle. "Temps local et estimation de régression dans les processus à temps continu." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066335.
Full textDoucet, Virginie. "La Femme-enfant suivi de L'Autocensure et le prix du dire dans le processus de création de Marie-Sissi Labrèche et de Nelly Arcan." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textDoucet, Virginie. "La Femme-enfant suivi de L'Autocensure et le prix du dire dans le processus de création de Marie-Sissi Labrèche et de Nelly Arcan." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2496.
Full textPetkovic, Alexandre. "Three essays on exotic option pricing, multivariate Lévy processes and linear aggregation of panel models." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210357.
Full textDoctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
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Id, Brik Rachid. "Modélisation du risque dans les marchés de commodités : théorie et applications." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090063.
Full textZaatour, Riadh. "Propriétés empiriques et modélisation d’actifs en haute fréquence." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0027/document.
Full textThis thesis explores theoretical and empirical aspects of price formation and evolution at high frequency. We begin with the study of the joint dynamics of an option and its underlying. The high frequency data making observable the realized volatility process of the underlying, we want to know if this information is used to price options. We find that the market does not process this information to fix option prices. The stochastic volatility models are then to be considered as reduced form models. Nevertheless, this study tests the relevance of an empirical hedging parameter that we call effective delta. This is the slope of the regression of option price increments on those of the underlying. It proves to be a satisfactory model-independent hedging parameter. For the price dynamics, we turn our attention in the following chapters to more explicit models of market microstructure. One of the characteristics of the market activity is its clustering. Hawkes processes are point processes with this characteristic, therefore providing an adequate mathematical framework for the study of this activity. Moreover, the Markov property associated to these processes when the kernel is exponential allows to use powerful analytical tools such as the infinitesimal generator and the Dynkin formula to calculate various quantities related to them, such as moments or autocovariances of the number of events on a given interval. We begin with a monovariate framework, simple enough to illustrate the method, but rich enough to enable applications such as the clustering of arrival times of market orders, prediction of future market activity knowing past activity, or characterization of unusual shapes, but nevertheless observed, of signature plot, where the measured volatility decreases when the sampling frequency increases. Our calculations also allow us to make instantaneous calibration of the process by relying on the method of moments. The generalization to the multidimensional case then allow us to capture, besides the clustering, the phenomenon of mean reversion, which also characterizes the market activity observed in high frequency. General formulas for the signature plot are then obtained and used to connect its shape to the relative importance of clustering or mean reversion. Our calculations also allow to obtain the explicit form of the volatility associated with the diffusive limit, therefore connecting the dynamics at microscopic level to the macroscopic volatility, for example on a daily scale. Additionally, modelling buy and sell activity by Hawkes processes allows to calculate the market impact of a meta order on the asset price. We retrieve and explain the usual concave form of this impact as well as its relaxation with time. The analytical results obtained in the multivariate case provide the adequate framework for the study of the correlation. We then present generic results on the Epps effect as well as on the formation of the correlation and the lead lag
Grela, Hélène. "La relation partenariale "gagnante-gagnante" : de l'utopie à la contrainte : étude du processus de formation des prix entre partenaires : le cas du partenariat établi par un constructeur automobile français avec son principal fournisseur de sièges de rang un, entre 1988 et 2002." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0009.
Full textMost industrial partnerships do not give birth to win-win relationships. The partnership between SelfChallenge, a carmaker, and GrowingSeat, its main seats’ supplier is one clear example. Indeed, in 2002, at the end of a fourteen year-old quasi-monopolistic relationship, both partners claimed important losses or extraordinary costs. Moreover, and paradoxically, the introduction of win-win rules, in 1997, amplified inter-firms problems and precipitated the parting. This ending is surprising since theoretically the superiority of the partnership model precisely lies on its ability to create mutually beneficial relationships. This extreme case allows a discussion of the partnership model pushed for by Womack et al. (1988) and adopted by many manufacturers, one of them being SelfChallenge. In doing so, the author tries to understand why win-win relationships are so rare and what are the framing conditions of a partnership. The author underlined the lack of realism of three hypothesis that act as guarantor of the win-win outcome and that are implicit to Womack and al. Model : 1, the existence of intra and inter-firms relationships void of any power issue. 2, the efficiency of a contract that allows the definition and control of a “reasonable profit” both partners. In the model, this contract is implicitly considered as protected from any uncertainty, any opportunistic action. Moreover, it does not depend upon the corporate strategies of each partner, the coherency between the intra and the inter-firms, nor upon the maturity of each firm. 3, the existence of a stable environment
Ménassé, Clément. "Pricing and hedging strategies in incomplete energy markets." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC186.
Full textThis thesis tackles three issues on pricing and hedging in energy markets. Energy markets differ from financial markets mainly in two ways: illiquidity and incompletness. Illiquidity (or lack of liquidity) translates into transaction costs and volume constraints. Incompletness means incapacity to perfectly hedge derivatives. We study different aspects of incomplete markets. First, we focus on indifference pricing in exponential Lévy models. We obtained an approximate formula by considering a Lévy process as a perturbed Brownian motion. That way we obtain the minimal correction from Black-Scholes price. Second, we present a numerical procedure to price spread options when underlyings are stochastically correlated. These options are very popular in energy markets, underlyings being for instance gas and electricity. Third, we derive optimal strategies using exogeneous factors forecasts. We exhibit an explicit pricing formula and an optimal strategy handling volume risk and apply it to wind farms valuation. Finally, a short review of optimal strategies taking into account transaction costs is made
Mayo, Nathanaël. "Les modèles à variables cachées et leurs applications en finance : risque systématique, détection d'arbitrage et prévision des volumes." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010036.
Full textTan, Xiaolu. "Stochastic control methods for optimal transportation and probabilistic numerical schemes for PDEs." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/66/10/86/PDF/These_TanXiaolu.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the numerical methods for a fully nonlinear degenerate parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs), and for a controlled nonlinear PDEs problem which results from a mass transportation problem. The manuscript is divided into four parts. In a first part of the thesis, we are interested in the necessary and sufficient condition of the monotonicity of finite difference thêta-scheme for a one-dimensional diffusion equations. An explicit formula is given in case of the heat equation, which is weaker than the classical Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition. In a second part, we consider a fully nonlinear degenerate parabolic PDE and propose a splitting scheme for its numerical resolution. The splitting scheme combines a probabilistic scheme and the semi-Lagrangian scheme, and in total, it can be viewed as a Monte-Carlo scheme for PDEs. We provide a convergence result as well as a rate of convergence. In the third part of the thesis, we study an optimal mass transportation problem. The mass is transported by the controlled drift-diffusion dynamics, and the associated cost depends on the trajectories, the drift as well as the diffusion coefficient of the dynamics. We prove a strong duality result for the transportation problem, thus extending the Kantorovich duality to our context. The dual formulation maximizes a value function on the space of all bounded continuous functions, and every value function corresponding to a bounded continuous function is the solution to a stochastic control problem. In the Markovian cases, we prove the dynamic programming principle of the optimal control problems, and we propose a gradient-projection algorithm for the numerical resolution of the dual problem, and provide a convergence result. Finally, in a fourth part, we continue to develop the dual approach of mass transportation problem with its applications in the computation of the model-independent no-arbitrage price bound of the variance option in a vanilla-liquid market. After a first analytic approximation, we propose a gradient-projection algorithm to approximate the bound as well as the corresponding static strategy in vanilla options
Ricome, Aymeric. "Analyse économique des décisions de commercialisation et de production des exploitants agricoles exposés à la volatilité des prix : application au secteur des grandes cultures en région Midi-Pyrénées." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10014.
Full textSuccessive CAP reforms over the last 20 years have led cash crop farmers to be more exposed to the volatility of commodity prices. In this context, marketing contracts offered to farmers are important instruments to manage price risk. The first part of this thesis aims to identify the determinants of farmer’s choices among the three main existing French marketing contracts. To accomplish this, an extensive literature review on the determinants of marketing contract choices in agriculture is undertaken. In a second chapter, econometric results from an empirical study on cash crop farmers of Midi-Pyrénées are presented. Among others findings, the results show that storage contracts as well as forward contracts are used in connection with farmer’s price expectations while pool contracts are used for price risk mitigation considerations. The second part of the thesis aims to analyze and evaluate the role of marketing contracts as risk management tools and to study the interaction between marketing contract choices and production decisions when price risk increases and direct payments are reduced. Firstly, a literature review on interactions between production decisions and marketing contract choices is undertaken. Subsequently, we demonstrate, in an analytical model, that both production decisions and marketing contracts decision are impacted by risk and agricultural policies. A multi-periodic mathematical programming farm model, applied to the case of a farmer from Midi-Pyrénées, is then built. It assesses the consequences of several scenarios on both production choices (crop mix and technical choice) and marketing contract choices. It is shown that the use of marketing contracts by farmers can also help them to use low input practices which are more risky than conventional ones
Dakhli, Hanane. "Processus d'évaluation, asymétrie d'information et market timing lors des introductions en bourse et des offres publiques de retrait obligatoire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010028.
Full textThis thesis reports three aspects related to IPOs and delisting. The first is related to the process of pricing the two bid priees. Indeed, given the differences between the two public offerings, underwriters use the same valuation methods without justifying their choices. Through an audit of the IPO and delisting prospectus, the valuation process is based on the characteristics of firms and market conditions. ln addition, there is a significant relationship between the offer priee and the different estimates. Moreover, given that IPOs may coincide with an exceptional increase in the market index and are accompanied by an initial underpricing. The choice of optimal timing of this offer is modeled as regards the priees of listed companies and values of IPO and withdrawing options. Finally, at a delisting, the principle of fairness must be respected. However, the procedure for setting the bid priee varies with regulation and the lack of measures to protect the interests of minority shareholders may encourage the disclosure of private information in order to minimize the offer priee. The proposed model was used to develop two classifications showing that the only way to reconcile shareholders is the full disclosure of private information
Lallouache, Mehdi. "Clustering in foreign exchange markets : price, trades and traders." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0040/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study three types of clustering in foreign exchange markets, namely in price, trades arrivals and investors decisions. We investigate the statistical properties of the EBS order book for the EUR/USD and USD/JPY currency pairs and the impact of a ten-fold tick size reduction on its dynamics. A large fraction of limit orders are still placed right at or halfway between the old allowed prices. This generates price barriers where the best quotes lie for much of the time, which causes the emergence of distinct peaks in the average shape of the book at round distances. Furthermore, we argue that this clustering is mainly due to manual traders who remained set to the old price resolution. Automatic traders easily take price priority by submitting limit orders one tick ahead of clusters, as shown by the prominence of buy (sell) limit orders posted with rightmost digit one (nine).The clustering of trades arrivals is well-known in financial markets and Hawkes processes are particularly suited to describe this phenomenon. We raise the question of what part of market dynamics Hawkes processes are able to account for exactly. We document the accuracy of such processes as one varies the time interval of calibration and compare the performance of various types of kernels made up of sums of exponentials. Because of their around-the-clock opening times, FX markets are ideally suited to our aim as they allow us to avoid the complications of the long daily overnight closures of equity markets. One can achieve statistical significance according to three simultaneous tests provided that one uses kernels with two exponentials for fitting an hour at a time, and two or three exponentials for full days, while longer periods could not be fitted within statistical satisfaction because of the non-stationarity of the endogenous process. Fitted timescales are relatively short and endogeneity factor is high but sub-critical at about 0.8.Most agent-based models of financial markets implicitly assume that the agents interact through asset prices and exchanged volumes. Some of them add an explicit trader-trader interaction network on which rumors propagate or that encode groups that take common decisions. Contrarily to other types of data, such networks, if they exist, are necessarily implicit, which makes their determination a more challenging task. We analyze transaction data of all the clients of two liquidity providers, encompassing several years of trading. By assuming that the links between agents are determined by systematic simultaneous activity or inactivity, we show that interaction networks do exist. In addition, we find that the (in)activity of some agents systematically triggers the (in)activity of other traders, defining lead-lag relationships between the agents. This implies that the global investment flux is predictable, which we check by using sophisticated machine learning methods
Anane, Marouane. "Une approche mathématique de l'investissement boursier." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0017/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to address the real need of predicting the prices of stocks. In fact, the randomness governing the evolution of prices is, for financial players like market makers, one of the largest sources of risk. In this context, we highlight the possibility of reducing the uncertainty of the future prices using appropriate mathematical models. This study was made possible by a large base of high frequency data and a powerful computational grid provided by the Automatic Market Making team at BNP Paribas. In this paper, we present only the results of high frequency tests. Tests are of less scientific interest in the academic world and are confidential. Therefore, these results will be deliberately omitted.In the first chapter, the background and the objectives of this study are presented along with the different methods used and the main results obtained.The focus of chapter 2 is on the contribution of technological superiority in high frequency trading. In order to do this, an omniscient trader is simulated and the total gain over three years is calculated. The obtained gain is very modest and reflects the limited contribution of technology in high frequency trading. This result underlines the primary role of research and modeling in this field.In Chapter 3, the predictability of prices using some order book indicators is studied. Using conditional expectations, the empirical evidence of the statistical dependencies between the prices and indicators is presented. The importance of these dependencies results from the simplicity of the method, eliminating any risk of over fitting the data. Then the combination of the various indicators is tested using a linear regression and the various numerical and statistical problems associated with this method are analyzed. Finally, it can be concluded that the prices are predictable for a period of a few minutes and the assumption of market efficiency is questioned.In Chapter 4, the mechanism of price formation from the arrival of events in the order book is investigated. The orders are classified in twelve types and their statistical properties are analyzed. The dependencies between these different types of orders are studied and a model of order book in line with the empirical observations is proposed. Finally, this model is used to predict prices and confirm the assumption of market inefficiency suggested in Chapter 3
Bambou, Mike. "Création d'un modèle de market-timing à partir de deux modèles industriels : simulation d'une gestion de portefeuille de contrats de matières premières." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0508.
Full textMethods of Statistical Process Control (SPC) are used in the industrial sector to know if work pieces are conforms to specifications. Two methods are used: the Shewhart method and the Exponentially-weighted moving average method (EWMA). An adaptation of these methods to the financial markets is done to create a model which anticipates prices on commodities markets. Both methods are used simultaneously which is the first time. The developed model distinguishes several types of market movements and various types of investors. It is a safe model. Obtaining strong performances is important but reducing risk and limiting losses are too. A simulation of the management of a portfolio which may be invested of twelve commodities is done. The markets are: natural gas, oil, wheat, corn, soybeans, lumber, frozen concentrated orange juice, coffee, cocoa, sugar, cotton and copper. We decide to simulate a portfolio without “leverage” and results are impressive. The simulation is done from January 3rd 2000 to December 31th 2013. The initial capital of the portfolio is $ 10,000,000 and at the end of the simulation is $ 189,868,766. The rate of annual return is 23%. The only negative annual return is that of 2013 (-0.5%) and the best is that of 2010 (67%). The annualized volatility is 17%. The information ratio is exceptional: 0.85! The ability to market timing is 47%. This percentage is ordinary, but the average performance of winning positions is 17% while that of a losing position is -6%. The performance of a winning position, on average, corrects that of three losing positions
Ellanskaya, Anastasia. "Utility maximisation and utility indifference pricing for exponential semimartingale models." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0061.
Full textThis thesis explores the utility maximisation problem and indifference pricing for exponential semimartingale models depending on a random factor ξ. The main idea to solve indifference pricing problem consists in the enlargement of the space and filtration. We reduce the maximization problem on the enlarged filtration to the conditional one, given {ξ = v}, which we solve using dual approach. For HARA-utilities we introduce the information quantities such that the relative entropies, Hellinger type integrals, and the corresponding information processes, and we express the maximal utility via these processes. As a particular case, we study exponential Levy models, where the information processes are deterministic and this fact simplify very much indifference price calculus. Finally, we apply the results to Geometric Brownian motion model and jump-diffusion model which incorporates Brownian motion and Poisson process. In the cases of logarithmic, power and exponential utilities, we provide the explicit formulae of information quantities and using the numerical methods we solve the equations for the seller’s and buyer’s indifference prices of European put option
Blanchard, Romain. "Application du contrôle stochastique en théorie de la décision avec croyances multiples et non dominées en temps." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS006/document.
Full textThis dissertation evolves around the following three general thematic: uncertainty, utility and no-arbitrage.In the first chapter we establish the existence of an optimal portfolio for investor trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial market without uncertainty and maximising its terminal wealth expected utility. We consider general non-concave and non-smooth random utility function defined on the half real-line. The proof is based on dynamic programming and measure theory tools.In the next three chapters, we introduce the concept of Knightian uncertainty and adopt the multi-prior non dominated and discrete time framework introduced in [25]..In this setting, in the second chapter we study the notion of quasi-sure no-arbitrage introduced in [25] and propose two equivalent definitions: a quantitative and geometric characterisation. We also introduce a stronger no-arbitrage condition that simplifies some of the measurability difficulties.In the third chapter, we build on the results obtained in the previous chapter to study the maximisation of multiple-priors non-dominated worst-case expected utility for investors trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial for general concave utility functions defined on the half-real line unbounded from above. The proof uses again a dynamic programming framework together with measurable selection.Finally the last chapter formulates a utility indifference pricing model for investor trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial market. We prove that under suitable condition the multiples-priors utility indifference prices of a contingent claim converge to its multiple-priors superreplication price
Grimal, Richard. "L'auto-mobilité au tournant du millénaire : une approche emboîtée, individuelle et longitudinale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0056/document.
Full textCar ownership and use are a decisive part of our society, which was sometimes designed as the “civilization of the car”. Despite many critics, the car has become ever-more central in the modern way of life, with an ever-increasing number of cars per adult and proportion of trips realized by car. However, from the beginning of the millennium, there was a reversal in the trend towards ever-more car use. For the first time, the average number of daily trips realized by car has been falling down in French conurbations, and nationwide traffic by car is leveling off. This situation, nonetheless, is not specific to France but is common to many developed countries, and is often referred to as the “peak car (travel)”. The main explanations for such a downturn include rising fuel prices from the late 1990’s, followed by the recession in 2008, but also household’s willingness to control their travel time budgets, in a context of increasing commuting distances and reduced travel speeds. Besides, the diffusion of car ownership is approaching saturation. While on the long-run, average car travel per adult is indexed on motorization, mid-term fluctuations of average car use per vehicle are related to the energetic purchasing power, and a simple model based on these two variables is suggesting that the stagnation of car use from the 2000’s could be a reaction of a usual kind to an exceptional rise in fuel prices. The growth in motorization is itself principally caused by the follow-up of ever-more motorized generations, especially among women, given their increasing access to driving license, job participation and ever-more diffuse land use patterns, which have increased the need for a second car within households. In order to model auto-mobility, a nested, individual and longitudinal approach is implemented, segmented by gender. Auto-mobility can indeed be seen as a follow-up of nested choices, as driving license is necessary for holding a car, while access to a personal vehicle is itself required for car use. The advantage of a longitudinal approach consists in the ability to distinguish between measures of heterogeneity and sensitivity, which can be shown not to be equivalent. For every given level of choice, the approach is based on an age-cohort-period-type analysis. Motorization rates happen to be more heterogeneous among women, a result which is likely to receive an interpretation either of a social or economic nature. According to the first interpretation, it should be regarded as the illustration of gender inequalities. However, it could also be regarded as reflecting the still-intermediary status of the second vehicle, which opportunity is assessed depending upon household’s specific needs and constraints. On the contrary, car use is at the same time higher and more heterogeneous among men, given the collective function of the first vehicle and household’s internal trade-offs in residential and job choices. Finally, average partial effects and elasticities are estimated from panel data models, either with respect to income, fuel prices or density. Generally, results are consistent with the descriptive part, as with the literature. The model also rationally gives account of the decreasing trend for elasticities, which was often noticed in the literature and reflects the approach of saturation. As a conclusion, an a posteriori evaluation of the assumption of a sequential decision process is made, confirming that choices of motorization and car use are mutually independent
Silva, Ana Isabel Pedrosa Castro. "Mapeamento e melhoria dos processos organizacionais da unidade de gás na Prio Energy." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15115.
Full textAtualmente, perante um mundo globalizado, são múltiplos os desafios das empresas: uma forte concorrência global, clientes exigentes, recursos escassos, grandes avanços tecnológicos, mobilidade de capital e de tecnologia. Nesse sentido, torna-se crucial existir dentro de uma empresa o mapeamento dos seus processos, de forma a documentá-los e a simplificar o seu estudo e análise para encontrar ineficiências/desperdícios que possam ser eliminados, ou pelo menos reduzidos, através da implementação de melhorias. Assim, o mapeamento de processos tem um impacto muito importante dentro das empresas, tornando-as mais competitivas e em constante melhoria e evolução. Este trabalho resulta do estudo destes temas e sua posterior aplicação às áreas administrativas e processos internos da unidade da empresa onde decorreu o projeto, nomeadamente a unidade de gás da empresa Prio Energy. Com o mapeamento dos processos internos da unidade, a empresa ganha uma enorme vantagem no sentido de ter assim documentados os processos, de forma a mais facilmente serem detetadas ineficiências a serem eliminadas para tornar os processos mais eficientes e, assim, trazer mais lucros à empresa. Além disso, este mapeamento traduz-se em mais um passo no caminho da certificação da unidade, que por si é uma vantagem competitiva.
Today, in a globalized world, there are multiple challenges facing companies: strong global competition, demanding customers, scarce resources, major technological advances, mobility of capital and technology. In this sense, it is crucial to exist, within a company, the mapping of its processes in order to document them and to simplify the research and analysis to find inefficiencies / waste that can be eliminated or at least reduced, by implementing improvements. Thus, the processes mapping has an important impact within companies, making them more competitive and constantly improving and evolving. This work results from the study of these issues and their subsequent application to the administrative areas and internal processes of the unit of the company which ran the project, namely the gas unit of the company Prio Energy. With the mapping of the unit's internal processes, the company gains a huge advantage in order to have well documented processes in order to more easily be detected inefficiencies to be eliminated to make processes more efficient and thus bring more profits to the company. In addition, this mapping means another step in the certification, which in itself is a competitive advantage.
Almeida, Marcius Alexandros Antunes de. "Cr?ticas e alternativas ? pris?o preventiva." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4835.
Full textA pris?o preventiva representa um aspecto do processo penal cuja necessidade nunca chegou a justificar-se de maneira plenamente convincente, uma vez que viola direitos e garantias da pessoa humana de forma prematura e sem um ju?zo seguro acerca de eventual responsabilidade penal. N?o obstante, tem sido utilizada, de forma restrita em alguns pa?ses e abusiva ou excessiva em outros, antecipando os efeitos de eventual condena??o e transformando o processo penal em um mecanismo que conjuga, de forma simult?nea, a averigua??o do fato delituoso imputado com a puni??o do suposto autor do delito no c?rcere. Apesar da pris?o preventiva trazer maior efetividade ao cumprimento dos fins do processo, tamb?m ? atrav?s dela que se cometem as mais evidentes viola??es da liberdade pessoal e de outros direitos fundamentais reconhecidos nos mais diversos ordenamentos jur?dicos. Em raz?o disso, alguns pa?ses j? vem adotando medidas menos gravosas para tutelar o processo penal, como forma de evitar a utiliza??o da pris?o em face de cidad?os que sequer tiveram afirmada a responsabilidade penal, que ocorre, nos termos da Constitui??o Brasileira, somente ap?s o tr?nsito em julgado da senten?a penal condenat?ria. Sem embargo disso, a pris?o preventiva segue sendo utilizada nas mais diversas legisla??es, mesmo sendo uma medida desnecess?ria e excessiva, em alguns casos, ou ineficaz para o fim visado, em outros, inclusive, em face de inocentes reconhecidos pela t?o almejada, mas tardia, senten?a penal absolut?ria, uma vez que n?o somente os culpados s?o submetidos ao processo e ? pena, ainda que processual. No Brasil, que ? pr?digo na utiliza??o da pris?o preventiva, fato proporcionado, em parte, pela presen?a de fundamentos que representam cl?usulas abertas que n?o comportam demonstra??o e refuta??o, tramitam, ainda que de forma tardia, projetos de reforma parcial e geral do C?digo de Processo Penal, trazendo novas alternativas para tutela do processo. N?o obstante, as expectativas de efetiva implanta??o dessas novas medidas n?o se mostram animadoras, pois, al?m de contarmos com uma certa resist?ncia na destina??o de recursos financeiros para diminuir a afli??o dos processados, o que se depreende das condi??es carcer?rias brasileiras, depende, tamb?m, de uma mudan?a na cultura judici?ria nacional, que, como demonstra a experi?ncia, n?o ocorre com a mera altera??o da lei.
Lavigne, Juliana Coelho de. "Alternativas ? pris?o preventiva : em busca de redu??o de danos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4809.
Full textA disserta??o alternativas ? pris?o preventiva: em busca de redu??o de danos trata da necessidade de um resgate das categorias pr?prias do processo penal, abandonando a doutrina civilista em mat?ria cautelar, uma vez que seu requisito ? o fumus comissi delicti e seu fundamento o periculum libertatis e n?o o fumus boni iuris e o periculum in mora. Desenvolver? a compatibiliza??o entre a presun??o de inoc?ncia, presun??o de n?o-culpabilidade e a pris?o preventiva, trazendo a principiologia como solu??o, abordando o princ?pio da dignidade da pessoa humana como princ?pio reitor do ordenamento jur?dico, da legalidade, jurisdicionalidade, instrumentalidade, provisionalidade, provisoriedade, excepcionalidade e proporcionalidade. Trar? a realidade carcer?ria e a necessidade de a Constitui??o efetivamente constituir, bem como a forma como o assunto ? tratado nos diplomas internacionais e na legisla??o brasileira, para ent?o analisar o projeto que est? em tramita??o no Congresso Nacional sobre o assunto, Projeto de Lei 4.208-C de 2001.
Latreche, Wissam. "Some aspects on sweeping processes." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0011/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we were interested in the study of the existence of solutions for sweeping processes. This problem takes the form of a constrained differential inclusion involving normal cones which appears naturally in many applications such as crowd motion, elastoplasticity, mechanics, electrical circuit, etc.The aim of this work is to bring together two classes of differential inclusions. On one hand, we establish some existence results of solutions-tube for sweeping processes with uniformly prox-regular sets. On the other hand, we present existence results of monotone solutions with respect to a preorder for a mixed system of projected differential inclusions. In addition, we show that our system has a saddle-point and we provide two examples of applications
Bruneau, Laurent. "La disparition de la rencontre de marché dans la tradition économique française : de Boisguilbert à Walras." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22024.
Full textThe thesis offers to re-examine the concept of competition in a selection of traditional texts of the French economic tradition of the 18th and 19th century.The examination of the founding texts of Boisguilbert and Cantillon, shows that the concept of competition covers two different contents.- On the one hand, the competition which is exerted on the site of a marketplace, on the long side of the marketplace, and which takes the form of conflictual behavior of outbidding or underbidding price.- On the other hand, the competition which is exerted from indications of price signal on the site of marketplace, and which takes the form of quantitative decisions, of réallocations of the goods, capital and men. This second significance gradually will supplant the first, until it made disappear the concept itself of encounter of market, in particular in the work of Turgot (with the general market). This same tendency appears in the mathematical analysis of Isnard, while at the same time Canard introduces a mathematical approach of the conflictual encounter of market.At the beginning of the 19th century, influenced by Smith amending the definition of the demand, Say confirms this disappearance, while Sismondi does not manage to dissociate the competitive processes. Thereafter, the authors of the French school, first and foremost Garnier and Molinari are then going to complete the blanking process of the competitive behaviour of the first type, in spite of the iconoclastic attempt of Walras which tries, unsuccessfully according to us, to give an account of it, with the concept of tâtonnement (groping).Finally, research shows that the absence of awareness of the duality of the concept of competition, made invisible the change of direction in the analysis of the encounter of market, in about 1760. A recognition of this duality could thus successfully reorientate contemporary research
Nacry, Florent. "Processus d’évolution discontinus de Moreau et stabilité de la prox-régularité : Applications à l’optimisation non-convexe et aux équations généralisée." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0022.
Full textIn this dissertation, we study, on the one hand, the existence of solutions for some evolution problems and, on the other hand, the stability of prox-regularity under set operations. The first topic is devoted to first and second order nonconvex perturberd Moreau's sweeping processes in infinite dimensional framework. The moving set is assumed to be prox-regular and moved in a bounded variation way. Applications to the theory of complementarity problems and evolution variational inequalities are given. In the other topic, we first give verifiable sufficient conditions ensuring the prox-regularity of constrained sets and more generally for solution sets of generalized equations. We also develop the preservation of prox-regularity under set operations as intersection, direct image, inverse image, union and projection along a vector space
Azevedo, e. Souza Bernardo de. "O monitoramento eletr?nico como medida alternativa ? pris?o preventiva." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4921.
Full textEl presente trabajo, vinculado a la l?nea de investigaci?n Criminolog?a y Control Social, del programa de Pos-Graduaci?n en Ciencias Criminales de la Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul y al proyecto Descarcerizaci?n y Sistema Penal La Construcci?n de Pol?ticas P?blicas de Racionalizaci?n del Poder Punitivo, financiado por la CAPES-CNJ Acad?mico, aborda el monitoreo electr?nico como medida alternativa al arresto preventivo, enfoque que se justifica en virtud de las alteraciones en el C?digo de Proceso Penal por la Ley 12.403, de 4 de mayo de 2011. Para tanto, se parte de la (innegable) crisis por la cual atraviesa el sistema prisional brasile?o y de los efectos decurrentes del c?rcel, bajo un bies interdisciplinar. Comprendida la necesidad de alternativas a el encarcelamiento, sea provisorio o definitivo, se pasa al estudio del monitoreo electr?nico propiamente dicho. A continuaci?n, se delinea un panorama del proceso de implementaci?n del monitoreo electr?nico en Brasil, siendo entonces presentadas las principales dificultades enfrentadas por los Estados y las hip?tesis de aplicaci?n de medida. La disertaci?n se cierra con el an?lisis de los discursos usados por los magistrados brasile?os al (des)legitimar el monitoreo electr?nico como medida alternativa al arresto preventivo
O presente trabalho, vinculado ? linha de pesquisa Criminologia e Controle Social, do Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Criminais da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul e ao projeto Descarceriza??o e Sistema Penal A Constru??o de Pol?ticas P?blicas de Racionaliza??o do Poder Punitivo, financiado pela CAPES-CNJ Acad?mico, aborda o monitoramento eletr?nico como medida alternativa ? pris?o preventiva, enfoque justificado em virtude das altera??es no C?digo de Processo Penal pela Lei 12.403, de 4 de maio de 2011. Para tanto, parte-se da (ineg?vel) crise que perpassa o sistema prisional brasileiro e dos efeitos decorrentes do c?rcere, sob um vi?s interdisciplinar. Compreendida a necessidade de alternativas ao encarceramento, seja provis?rio ou definitivo, passa-se, em seguida, ao estudo do monitoramento eletr?nico propriamente dito. Em continuidade, delineia-se um panorama do processo de implementa??o do monitoramento eletr?nico no Brasil, sendo ent?o apresentadas as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estados e as hip?teses de aplica??o da medida. A disserta??o encerra-se com a an?lise dos discursos empregados pelos magistrados brasileiros para (des)legitimar o monitoramento eletr?nico como medida alternativa ? pris?o preventiva.
Noel, Jimmy. "Inclusions différentielles d'évolution associées à des ensembles sous-lisses." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20010/document.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the study of the existence of solutions for some evolution problems. The study is concerned with perturbed sweeping processes associated on the one hand with prox-regular sets and the other hand with subsmooth sets. It is assumed that the sets move either in a Lipschitz way or in an absolutely continuous way
Branka, Pilić. "Perkolacioni procesi pri polimerizaciji olefina pomoću jedinjenja prelaznih metala." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2006. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=71274&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAccording the current explanation of Ziegler-Natta polymerization, transition metal (Mt)is activated by alkyl group and vacant orbital are formed. It is belived that polymerchain propagates by monomer insertion between Mt and growing polymer chain. It has also been known that by using existing insertion mechanism of the polymerization,some experimentally proved facts cannot be explained completely. In this paper newcharge percolation mechanism (CPM) of olefin polymeiization by supported Mtcomplexes is presented: a macromolecular chain is formed polymerization ofmonomer cluster (nM) adsorbed at the support (S) between two immobilised Mt ions,one in the higher (Mt+4) and the other in the lower (Mt+2) oxidation state:( Mtn+1...nM...Mtn+1)/S →(MtnMtn)/S + polymer.New CPM has been confirmed by published experimental data, by calculating and by computer simulation. First it has been clarified the signifigance of the existingexperiment and some experimental facts wich are confrlmed by CPM are shown. A special computer program "Lattice" has been developed to simulate olefinpolymerization based on CPM using Monte Carlo procedure. In this work it is explaniedhow the polymerization parametar from real experiments are transfered to percolationand simulation parametars. The effects of thesurface concentration of active centres onmetal productivities and support productivites has been predicted by the calculating and computer simulation (using catalytic theory of Kobozev) and confirmed by realexperimental data. In this work it is also shown how the polymer structure and tipe ofthe curve polymerization rate/time depend on reaction conditions (Mt concentration, tipe of the support, Mt/S ratio, sequence of chemical components addition, time). At the end the experimental facts which couldn't have been explained completaly ty insertionmechanism are explanied using CpM.
Freire, Francisca Daise Galv?o. "Processos educacionais no c?rcere: um estudo sobre as representa??es sociais de jovens e adultos nas pris?es." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM EDUCA??O, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23706.
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Esta pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo as representa??es sociais sobre a educa??o constru?da por jovens e adultos em situa??o de priva??o de liberdade. Buscamos, assim, conhecer como essas popula??es representam esse objeto simb?lico e se relacionam com o mesmo. Buscamos, ainda, a partir da?, identificar elementos que facilitam ou obstaculizam o desenvolvimento de pr?ticas educacionais da EJA nas pris?es. Para tanto, utilizamos como fundamenta??o b?sica a teoria das Representa??es Sociais (MOSCOVICI, 1978; JODELET, 2001). Quanto aos aspectos metodol?gicos, o campo de observa??o restringiu-se ? Penitenci?ria Estadual de Alca?uz, Dr. Francisco Nogueira Fernandes e a principal fonte de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestrutura, utilizada com o apoio da t?cnica de associa??o livre de palavras e express?es, bastante empregada na pesquisa das representa??es sociais, seguida de um roteiro de quest?es diretivas. Dadas as condi??es de realiza??o da pesquisa de campo, que coincidiu com um momento de rebeli?es nos pres?dios, foram entrevistados apenas dez sujeitos, dentre os que tiveram experi?ncia com processos educacionais dentro da pris?o, n?mero que, no entanto, mostrou-se bastante adequado para os objetivos da pesquisa. A an?lise das entrevistas realizou-se com o apoio do m?todo de an?lise de conte?do, tomando-se como unidade de an?lise o tema e a constru??o de categoriais (BARDIN, 1977; FRANCO, 2005; OLIVEIRA, 1995). Os resultados revelaram a constru??o e compartilhamento, pelos sujeitos, de uma representa??o social predominante sobre a educa??o e a sua fun??o de guia para a a??o, indicando diferentes atitudes e prescri??es de comportamentos. Na polifasia dos conte?dos representacionais destaca-se a reprodu??o do sentido hegem?nico de educa??o e a prescri??o absoluta quanto ao seu papel redentor. Outros achados relativos ?s trajet?rias escolares, ?s particularidades dos processos educativos na pris?o e ? rela??o professor/aluno nesse contexto contribuem para enfatizar as particularidades dessa modalidade de educa??o e, ao mesmo tempo, refor?ar os achados difundidos pela literatura espec?fica sobre as diferentes formas de viol?ncia a que est?o submetidos os detentos e a aus?ncia ou fragilidade da interven??o estatal e da pr?pria sociedade tendo em vista assegurar a afirma??o de um direito t?o elementar como o acesso ? educa??o formal.
This research had as object of study the social representations on education built by young people and adults in situations of deprivation of liberty. We seek, therefore, to know how these populations represent this symbolic object and relate to the same. We seek also from there, identify factors that facilitate or hinder the development of educational practices of adult education in prisons. Therefore, we use as a foundation the theory of Social Representations (MOSCOVICI, 1978; JODELET, 2001). As for the methodological aspects, the field of observation restricted to the State Penitentiary Licorice, Dr. Francisco Nogueira Fernandes and the main source of data collection was the semi structure interview, used to support the technique of free association of words and expressions, rather used in the research of social representations, followed by a roadmap of policy issues. Given the conditions of realization of field research, which coincided with a time of riots in prisons, were only ten subjects interviewed, among those who have had experience with educational processes within the prison number, however, it proved to be very suitable for the research objectives. Analysis of the interviews was conducted with the support of the content analysis method, taking as unit of analysis the subject and the construction of categorical (BARDIN, 1977; FRANCO, 2005; OLIVEIRA, 1995). The results revealed the construction and sharing, the subject of a predominant social representation of education and their guide function for action, indicating different attitudes and behavior prescriptions. In polyphasia of representational content there is the reproduction of the hegemonic sense of education and the absolute limitation period for his redemptive role. Other findings related to school history, the peculiarities of educational processes in prison and the teacher / student relationship in this context contribute to emphasize the particularities of this type of education and, at the same time, strengthen the findings disseminated by the literature about the different forms of violence they are subjected to the detainees and the absence or weakness of state intervention and of society itself to ensure the assertion of such a basic right as access to formal education.
Santos, Vinicius Lang dos. "O direito constitucional ao prazo razo?vel e a dura??o da pris?o preventiva." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4789.
Full textA pris?o preventiva, freq?entemente, ? aplicada com a inten??o de dar uma r?pida e imediata resposta ao crime. No entanto, observa-se, nesse momento, a viola??o de garantias constitucionalmente estabelecidas, tal como a presun??o do estado de inoc?ncia. Sob outro aspecto, a concep??o e o estudo do tempo, em suas mais diversas manifesta??es, s?o fatores determinantes para o estabelecimento da razoabilidade da dura??o do prazo processual da pris?o preventiva. Mais do que a priva??o do espa?o, atrav?s da perda da liberdade, o tempo torna-se o verdadeiro significante da pena. Por quanto tempo? ? a pergunta t?pica do preso preventivo, que n?o apresenta ao menos a possibilidade de realizar a contagem regressiva dos dias ou dos meses faltantes para retomar a sua liberdade, causando-lhe graves conseq??ncias. O n?o-estabelecimento de um prazo processual ? pris?o preventiva viola o princ?pio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana e a expressa veda??o constitucional ? tortura, ao tratamento desumano ou degradante, al?m de antecipar o ju?zo condenat?rio ao acusado. A Emenda Constitucional n. 45, introduzida em 2004, trouxe uma nova perspectiva ? tem?tica, qual seja, o julgamento do r?u em um prazo razo?vel e os meios que garantam a celeridade de sua tramita??o. O intuito legal foi o de garantir ao indiv?duo, que responde a um processo penal, a oportunidade de que saiba exatamente quanto tempo ou o tempo m?ximo que poder? ficar encarcerado preventivamente. Parte-se da premissa de que deve haver um crit?rio capaz de definir o limite m?ximo que o acusado poder? ficar preso preventivamente e, seguindo o mandamento constitucional, o encarceramento preventivo deve ocorrer em um prazo razo?vel. Para tanto, analisa-se quem deve estabelecer esse prazo se deve passar pelo crivo do Poder Legislativo ou se atrav?s de ato discricion?rio do julgador − e os requisitos que o definam.
Deschatre, Thomas. "Dependence modeling between continuous time stochastic processes : an application to electricity markets modeling and risk management." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED034/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study some dependence modeling problems between continuous time stochastic processes. These results are applied to the modeling and risk management of electricity markets. In a first part, we propose new copulae to model the dependence between two Brownian motions and to control the distribution of their difference. We show that the class of admissible copulae for the Brownian motions contains asymmetric copulae. These copulae allow for the survival function of the difference between two Brownian motions to have higher value in the right tail than in the Gaussian copula case. Results are applied to the joint modeling of electricity and other energy commodity prices. In a second part, we consider a stochastic process which is a sum of a continuous semimartingale and a mean reverting compound Poisson process and which is discretely observed. An estimation procedure is proposed for the mean reversion parameter of the Poisson process in a high frequency framework with finite time horizon, assuming this parameter is large. Results are applied to the modeling of the spikes in electricity prices time series. In a third part, we consider a doubly stochastic Poisson process with stochastic intensity function of a continuous semimartingale. A local polynomial estimator is considered in order to infer the intensity function and a method is given to select the optimal bandwidth. An oracle inequality is derived. Furthermore, a test is proposed in order to determine if the intensity function belongs to some parametrical family. Using these results, we model the dependence between the intensity of electricity spikes and exogenous factors such as the wind production
Santos, Sérgio Manuel Rodrigues dos. "Characterization of the methanol recovery process at Prio Biocombustíveis S. A." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16068.
Full textIn a industrial environment, to know the process one is working with is crucial to ensure its good functioning. In the present work, developed at Prio Biocombustíveis S.A. facilities, using process data, collected during the present work, and historical process data, the methanol recovery process was characterized, having started with the characterization of key process streams. Based on the information retrieved from the stream characterization, Aspen Plus® process simulation software was used to replicate the process and perform a sensitivity analysis with the objective of accessing the relative importance of certain key process variables (reflux/feed ratio, reflux temperature, reboiler outlet temperature, methanol, glycerol and water feed compositions). The work proceeded with the application of a set of statistical tools, starting with the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) from which the interactions between process variables and their contribution to the process variability was studied. Next, the Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to acquire experimental data and, with it, create a model for the water amount in the distillate. However, the necessary conditions to perform this method were not met and so it was abandoned. The Multiple Linear Regression method (MLR) was then used with the available data, creating several empiric models for the water at distillate, the one with the highest fit having a R2 equal to 92.93% and AARD equal to 19.44%. Despite the AARD still being relatively high, the model is still adequate to make fast estimates of the distillate’s quality. As for fouling, its presence has been noticed many times during this work. Not being possible to directly measure the fouling, the reboiler inlet steam pressure was used as an indicator of the fouling growth and its growth variation with the amount of Used Cooking Oil incorporated in the whole process. Comparing the steam cost associated to the reboiler’s operation when fouling is low (1.5 bar of steam pressure) and when fouling is high (reboiler’s steam pressure of 3 bar), an increase of about 58% occurs when the fouling increases.
Em ambiente industrial, conhecer o processo em que se está a trabalhar é crucial para assegurar o seu bom funcionamento. No presente trabalho, desenvolvido nas instalações da Prio Biocombustíveis, utilizando dados do processo, recolhidos no decorrer do trabalho, e dados do histórico de produção caracterizou-se o processo de recuperação de metanol, tendo-se começando pela caracterização das correntes chave do mesmo. Com base na informação obtida na caracterização de correntes, o software de simulação de processos químicos Aspen Plus® foi utilizado para replicar o processo e realizar uma análise de sensibilidade com o fim de discernir a importância relativa de variáveis chave do processo (rácio refluxo/alimentação, temperatura de refluxo, temperatura á saída do reboiler, composições na alimentação de metanol, glicerol e água). O trabalho continuou com a aplicação de um conjunto de ferramentas estatísticas, começando pela Análise aos Componentes Principais onde se estudaram as interações entre variáveis e a sua contribuição para a variabilidade do processo. De seguida, o método de Desenho de Experiencias foi utilizado para obter dados experimentais para com eles criar um modelo capaz de simular a quantidade de água no destilado. No entanto, para este método, as condições necessárias à sua realização não se verificaram, levando ao seu abandono. Passou-se então para o método de Regressão Linear Múltipla, utilizando dados observacionais, do qual surgiram vários modelos empíricos, o melhor apresentando um R2 igual a 92.93% a AARD igual a 19.44%. Apesar de o AARD ainda ser relativamente alto, considera-se que o modelo é adequado para realizar estimativas rápidas da condição do destilado na coluna. A influência do fouling no processo foi também muitas vezes notada ao longo deste trabalho. Não sendo possível a medição direta do fouling no processo, a pressão do vapor à entrada do reboiler foi usada como indicador do estado do fouling, tendo sido utilizada para estudar o desenvolvimento do fouling e a influência da quantidade de UCO, incorporado no processo, na sua formação. Quando se compara o custo do vapor associado à operação do reboiler, quando a coluna opera com fouling (3 bar de pressão de vapor), ou sem fouling (1.5 bar de pressão de vapor), verifica-se um aumento de cerca de 58% nos custos para o caso em que o fouling é maior.