Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus de'
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Valmy, Larissa. "Modèles hiérarchiques et processus ponctuels spatio-temporels - Applications en épidémiologie et en sismologie." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841146.
Full textDamaj, Rabih. "Inférence statistique sur le processus de Mino." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS369/document.
Full textThe subject of this PhD thesis is the statistical inference on Mino process that we define as a one-memory self-exciting point process which intensiy has a special form. We begin with a general description of self-exciting point processes and we present methods used to estimate the intensity parameters of these processes. We consider the special case of a one-memory self-exciting point process, used in signal processing. We call the process: the Mino process. This process can be interpreted as a renewal process which interarrival times that follow a special distribution that we study in details. In order to estimate the parameters of a Mino process intensity, we utilize the maximum likelihood method. We solve the likelihood equations with a Newton-Raphson algorithm. We show the efficiency of the method on simulated data. The convergence of the Newton-Raphson algorithm and, the existence and uniqueness of the maximun likelihood estimators are proved. Lastly, we construct a test of hypothesis to assess whether a point process is self-exciting or not
Haugomat, Tristan. "Localisation en espace de la propriété de Feller avec application aux processus de type Lévy." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S046/document.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we give a space localisation for the theory of Feller processes. A first objective is to obtain simple and precise results on the convergence of Markov processes. A second objective is to study the link between the notions of Feller property, martingale problem and Skorokhod topology. First we give a localised version of the Skorokhod topology. We study the notions of compactness and tightness for this topology. We make the connexion between localised and unlocalised Skorokhod topologies, by using the notion of time change. In a second step, using the localised Skorokhod topology and the time change, we study martingale problems. We show the equivalence between, on the one hand, to be solution of a well-posed martingale problem, on the other hand, to satisfy a localised version of the Feller property, and finally, to be a Markov process weakly continuous with respect to the initial condition. We characterise the weak convergence for solutions of martingale problems in terms of convergence of associated operators and give a similar result for discrete time approximations. Finally, we apply the theory of locally Feller process to some examples. We first apply it to the Lévy-type processes and obtain convergence results for discrete and continuous time processes, including simulation methods and Euler’s schemes. We then apply the same theory to one-dimensional diffusions in a potential and we obtain convergence results of diffusions or random walks towards singular diffusions. As a consequences, we deduce the convergence of random walks in random environment towards diffusions in random potential
Fourati, Sonia. "Tribus homogènes, commutations des projections entre tribus du futur et tribus du passé, une application à un formalisme de processus de Markov indexes par IR." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066040.
Full textHénard, Olivier. "Généalogie et Q-processus." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763378.
Full textMILLOT, DANIEL. "Gestion dynamique des processus sur un reseau de processeurs." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112334.
Full textSalmeron, Jérémy. "Le processus d'innovation socio-économique : un processus ambidextre ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3055/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focus on the nature of innovation generated by the actors and on the dialectic management of exploitation and exploration phases among the socio-economic (SEAM) innovation process. The research is based on an intervention-research carried out during five years in a SME from computing industry. It aims at putting this innovation process is the field of ambidextrous innovation process. In the framework of a steered and instrumented organizational change process, this research is presenting the recycling of dysfunctions into innovation actions
Goncalves, Esmeralda. "Processus fractionnaires." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10123.
Full textEveno, Clarisse. "Processus métastatique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077275.
Full textIn our study, we created a mouse model of colorectal liver metastasis (MHCCR), which allowed kinetic analysis of the architecture of metastasis, determinants of angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment. We have shown, through a study of the early establishment phase of MHCCR, the role of hepatic stellate cells in the establishment of pre-metastatic niche and their pro-metastatic potential. We studied angiogenesis as a therapeutic target, with the analysis of the appropriateness of the use of bevacizumab (Avastin ®) in mice and showed the effect of netrin-4, anti-angiogenic protein in several mouse models of primitive tumors and metastases o colorectal origin. Finaily, we developed a non-invasive imaging technique for Doppler Ultrasound-dynamic analysis of physiological and tumor angiogenesis during liver regeneration after hepatectomy
Carvalho, Esmeralda. "Processus fractionnaires." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614003k.
Full textPereira-Fernandez, Juan Manuel. "Processus communicants." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00311800.
Full textLessi, Oliviero. "Statistique des processus bilineaires et des processus de volterra." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066205.
Full textGalvan, Montiel Damaris. "Modélisation du processus de conception : proposition d'un processus élémentaire." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0919.
Full textGobard, Renan. "Fluctuations dans des modèles de boules aléatoires." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S025/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the macroscopic fluctuations in random balls models. A random balls model is an aggregation of balls in Rd whose centers and radii are random. We also mark each balls with a random weight. We consider the mass M induced by the system of weighted balls on a configuration μ of Rd. In order to investigate the macroscopic fluctuations of M, we realize a zoom-out on the configuration of balls. Mathematically, we reduce the mean radius while increasing the mean number of centers by volume unit. The question has already been studied when the centers, the radii and the weights are independent and the triplets (center, radius, weight) are generated according to a Poisson point process on Rd ×R+ ×R. Then, we observe three different behaviors depending on the comparison between the speed of the decreasing of the radii and the speed of the increasing of the density of centers. We propose to generalize these results in three different directions. The first part of this thesis consists in introducing dependence between the radii and the centers and inhomogeneity in the distribution of the centers. In the model we propose, the stochastic behavior of the radii depends on the location of the ball. In the previous works, the convergences obtained for the fluctuations of M are at best functional convergences in finite dimension. In the second part of this work, we obtain functional convergence on an infinite dimensional set of configurations μ. In the third and last part, we study a random balls model (non-weighted) on C where the couples (center, radius) are generated according to determinantal point process. Unlike to the Poisson point process, the determinantal point process exhibits repulsion phenomena between its points which allows us to model more physical problems
Richard, Mathieu. "Arbres, Processus de branchement non markoviens et Processus de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649235.
Full textRobet, Caroline. "Statistique des processus stables et des processus à longue mémoire." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4017/document.
Full textThis manuscript is divided into two parts. The first one is devoted to the study of - stable distributions and processes and multistable processes. After having built and studied an estimator based on log-moments of the stable distribution, an improvement is obtained by combining it with the Koutrouvelis estimator. Then, we give a nonexact method to simulate efficiently a multistable process, and we construct an estimator of its intensity function using an empirical moments ratio. The second part is devoted to the study of continuous time second order stationary processes with long memory. This process is sampled at random observation times such that inter-arrivals are i.i.d. The behaviour of the sampled process is then studied in time and frequency domains. For autocovariance functions with regular variation, we study the evolution of the memory after sampling. In addition, for an initially Gaussian process, the periodogram, partial sums and convergence of the local Whittle estimator for the memory parameter are studied
Bertoin, Jean. "Processus de Dirichlet." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602956z.
Full textArnaud, Gilles. "Processus sémiotiques artificiels." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0625.
Full textThe systemic communication of the school of Palo Alto categorized following peircean semiotics. The finality of this works is to propose a data-processing help in qualitative research
Maunoury, Franck. "Conditions d'existence des processus déterminantaux et permanentaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC028/document.
Full textWe establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and infinite divisibility of alpha-determinantal processes and, when alpha is positive, of their underlying intensity (as Cox process). When the space is finite, these distributions correspond to multidimensional binomial, negative binomial and gamma distributions. We make an in-depth study of these last two cases with a non necessarily symmetric kernel
Zhang, Min. "Modélisation et analyse de processus biologiques dans des algèbres de processus." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00155301.
Full textDans la première partie, nous modélisons la transduction du signal, et plus spécifiquement le processus d'activation de la protéine "ras". On introduit une nouvelle extension du π-calcul, le Iπ-calcul, pour modéliser ce processus biologique en présence d'aberrance. Le calcul est obtenu en ajoutant deux actions aberrantes au Iπ-calcul. Le Iπ-calcul, quoique déjà assez expressif pour exprimer l'aberrance, peut être encore précisé par l'introduction d'informations supplémentaires dans la syntaxe, soit sous forme de "tags" soit sous forme de types. Les tags sont plus intuitifs, mais ils introduisent de la redondance, qui est éliminée dans la présentation de cette information sous forme de types. Nous montrons l'équivalence entre les deux espèces de décoration. Le système de types / tags présenté ici est très rudimentaire, mais notre espoir est de l'enrichir pour intégrer des paramètres quantitatifs tels que la température, la concentration, etc... dans la modélisation des processus biologiques.
Dans la seconde partie, nous abordons d'un point de vue formel la question de l'auto-assemblage dans le κ-calcul, un langage de description d'interactions protéine-protéine. Nous définissons un sous-ensemble de règles de calcul réversibles nous permettant d'assurer un codage sans blocage du calcul "à gros grain" (le κ-calcul) dans un calcul "à grain fin" (le mκ-calcul). Nous prouvons la correction de cette simulation de manière interne (à l'aide des règles réversibles), améliorant ainsi les résultats de Danos et Laneve.
Enfin, dans une partie plus prospective, nous suggérons comment l'on peut utiliser les bigraphes pour modéliser et analyser les processus biologiques. Nous montrons d'abord commment coder l'exemple "ras" dans ce formalisme. Puis nous indiquons sur un exemple comment l'on peut traduire le κ--calcul dans les bigraphes.
Chabot, Pascal. "Processus techniques et processus d'individuation dans la philosophie de Gilbert Simondon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211737.
Full textArida, Jamil. "Du Processus de normalisation au processus d'institutionalisation : la norme en pratique." Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090028.
Full textAkonom, Jacques. "Processus transformés d'un ARIMA ou d'un processus de Wiener : Problèmes d'estimation." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10112.
Full textAkonom, Jacques. "Processus transformés d'un ARIMA ou d'un processus de Wiener problèmes d'estimation /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376111363.
Full textMallmann-Trenn, Frederik. "Analyse probabiliste de processus distribués axés sur les processus de consensus." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE058/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of stochastic decentralized processes. Typical examples in the real world include the dynamics of weather and temperature, of traffic, the way we meet our friends, etc. We take the rich tool set from probability theoryfor the analysis of Markov Chains and employ it to study a wide range of such distributed processes: Forest Fire Model (social networks), Balls-into-Bins with Deleting Bins, and fundamental consensus dynamics and protocols such as the Voter Model, 2-Choices, and 3-Majority
Flint, Ian. "Analyse stochastique de processus ponctuels : au-delà du processus de Poisson." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0085/document.
Full textDeterminantal point processes have sparked interest in very diverse fields, such as random matrix theory, point process theory, and networking. In this manuscript, we consider them as random point processes, i.e. a stochastic collection of points in a general space. Hence, we are granted access to a wide variety of tools from point process theory, which allows for a precise study of many of their probabilistic properties. We begin with the study of determinantal point processes from an applicative point of view. To that end, we propose different methods for their simulation in a very general setting. Moreover, we bring to light a series of models derived from the well-known Ginibre point process, which are quite suited for applications. Thirdly, we introduce a differentiable gradient on the considered probability space. Thanks to some powerful tools from Dirichlet form theory, we discuss integration by parts for general point processes, and show the existence of the associated diffusion processes correctly associated to the point processes. We are able to apply these results to the specific case of determinantal point processes, which leads us to characterizing these diffusions in terms of stochastic differential equations. Lastly, we turn our attention to the difference gradient on the same space. In a certain sense, we define a Skohorod integral, which satisfies an integration by parts formula, i.e. its adjoint is the difference operator. An application to the study of a random transformation of the point process is given, wherein we characterize the distribution of the transformed point process under mild hypotheses
Flint, Ian. "Analyse stochastique de processus ponctuels : au-delà du processus de Poisson." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0085.
Full textDeterminantal point processes have sparked interest in very diverse fields, such as random matrix theory, point process theory, and networking. In this manuscript, we consider them as random point processes, i.e. a stochastic collection of points in a general space. Hence, we are granted access to a wide variety of tools from point process theory, which allows for a precise study of many of their probabilistic properties. We begin with the study of determinantal point processes from an applicative point of view. To that end, we propose different methods for their simulation in a very general setting. Moreover, we bring to light a series of models derived from the well-known Ginibre point process, which are quite suited for applications. Thirdly, we introduce a differentiable gradient on the considered probability space. Thanks to some powerful tools from Dirichlet form theory, we discuss integration by parts for general point processes, and show the existence of the associated diffusion processes correctly associated to the point processes. We are able to apply these results to the specific case of determinantal point processes, which leads us to characterizing these diffusions in terms of stochastic differential equations. Lastly, we turn our attention to the difference gradient on the same space. In a certain sense, we define a Skohorod integral, which satisfies an integration by parts formula, i.e. its adjoint is the difference operator. An application to the study of a random transformation of the point process is given, wherein we characterize the distribution of the transformed point process under mild hypotheses
Clarenne, Adrien. "Asymptotiques dans des modèles de boules aléatoires poissoniennes et non-poissoniennes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S025/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the asymptotic behavior of random balls models generated by different point processes, after performing a zoom-out on the model. Limit theorems already exist for Poissonian random balls and we generalize the existing results first by studying determinantal random balls models, which induce repulsion between the centers of the balls. It models many phenomena, for example the distribution of trees in a forest. We are then interested in a particular case of Cox processes, the shot-noise Cox processes, which exhibit clusters, modeling the presence of corpuscles in nano composites
Assy, Nour. "Automated support of the variability in configurable process models." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLL001/document.
Full textToday's fast changing environment imposes new challenges for effective management of business processes. In such a highly dynamic environment, the business process design becomes time-consuming, error-prone, and costly. Therefore, seeking reuse and adaptability is a pressing need for a successful business process design. Configurable reference models recently introduced were a step toward enabling a process design by reuse while providing flexibility. A configurable process model is a generic model that integrates multiple process variants of a same business process in a given domain through variation points. These variation points are referred to as configurable elements and allow for multiple design options in the process model. A configurable process model needs to be configured according to a specific requirement by selecting one design option for each configurable element.Recent research activities on configurable process models have led to the specification of configurable process modeling notations as for example configurable Event-Driven Process Chain (C-EPC) that extends the EPC notation with configurable elements. Since then, the issue of building and configuring configurable process models has been investigated. On the one hand, as configurable process models tend to be very complex with a large number of configurable elements, many automated approaches have been proposed to assist their design. However, existing approaches propose to recommend entire configurable process models which are difficult to reuse, cost much computation time and may confuse the process designer. On the other hand, the research results on configurable process model design highlight the need for means of support to configure the process. Therefore, many approaches proposed to build a configuration support system for assisting end users selecting desirable configuration choices according to their requirements. However, these systems are currently manually created by domain experts which is undoubtedly a time-consuming and error-prone task.In this thesis, we aim at automating the support of the variability in configurable process models. Our objective is twofold: (i) assisting the configurable process design in a fin-grained way using configurable process fragments that are close to the designers interest and (ii) automating the creation of configuration support systems in order to release the process analysts from the burden of manually building them. In order to achieve the first objective, we propose to learn from the experience gained through past process modeling in order to assist the process designers with configurable process fragments. The proposed fragments inspire the process designer to complete the design of the ongoing process. To achieve the second objective, we realize that previously designed and configured process models contain implicit and useful knowledge for process configuration. Therefore, we propose to benefit from the experience gained through past process modeling and configuration in order to assist process analysts building their configuration support systems. Such systems assist end users interactively configuring the process by recommending suitable configuration decisions
Sabir-Bagag, Aïcha. "Photoionisation et spectrométrie de masse : un nouvel outil pour l'identification de biomolécules." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0041/document.
Full textMy PhD’s work has been completely dedicated to develop new ionization source in mass spectrometry: the atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). This work is developed on two main areas. On the one hand, it aims to apply this method to new family of biomolecules. On the other hand, we report a comprehensive study on the ionization mechanisms in APPI. The first part of this manuscript offers a better understanding of the behaviour of the biological molecules under VUV radiation and atmospheric pressure. Indeed, we were able to say that polar and high molecular weight biomolecules could be easily photoionizable. Moreover, this work allows studying the effect of the medium (solvent) on the photoionization mechanism to be studied. It is possible to control the orientation of the observed reactions and to choose a particular type of molecular ion. We observed extensive and peculiar fragmentations which have never been detected with classical ionization techniques. The originality and innovative approach of this experience led us to transfer it to a UV beamline of the Synchrotron SOLEIL. Using an accordable source will certainly enhance the versatility of the ion source
Nguyen, Thi Thu Huong. "Estimation de processus de sauts." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1124/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider a stochastic differential equation driven by a truncated pure jump Lévy process with index α ∈(0,2) and observe high frequency data of the process on a fixed observation time. We first study the behavior of the density of the process in small time. Next, we prove the Local Asymptotic Mixed Normality (LAMN) property for the drift and scaling parameters from high frequency observations. Finally, we propose some estimators of the index parameter of the process.The first part deals with the asymptotic behavior of the density in small time of the process. The process is assumed to depend on a parameter β = (θ,σ) and we study, in this part, the sensitivity of the density with respect to this parameter. This extends the results of [17] which were restricted to the index α ∈ (1,2) and considered only the sensitivity with respect to the drift coefficient. By using Malliavin calculus, we obtain the representation of the density, its derivative and its logarithm derivative as an expectation and a conditional expectation. These representation formulas involve some Malliavin weights whose expressions are given explicitly and this permits to analyze the asymptotic behavior in small time of the density, using the self-similarity property of the stable process.The second part of this thesis concerns the Local Asymptotic Mixed Normality property for the parameters. Both the drift coefficient and scale coefficient depend on the unknown parameters. Extending the results of [17], we compute the asymptotic Fisher information and find that the rate in the Local Asymptotic Mixed Normality property depends on the index α.The third part proposes some estimators of the jump activity index α ∈ (0,2) based on the method of moments as in Masuda [53]. We prove the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators and give some simulations to illustrate the finite-sample behaviors of the estimators
Ghamlouch, Houda. "Modélisation de la dégradation, maintenance conditionnelle et pronostic : usage des processus de diffusion." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0019/document.
Full textA major concern for engineers and managers nowadays is to make high quality products and highly reliable systems. In this context, reliability analysis and failure prediction, besides of efficient maintenance decision-making are strongly required. Deterioration modeling and analysis is a fundamental step for the understanding and the anticipation of system behavior. Consider a functional system operating in unstable conditions or environment where the deterioration level is not observable and could not be determined by direct measures. For this system a set of measurable health indicator that indirectly reflects the system working conditions and deterioration level can be defined and examined. Considering these indicators, the development of a mathematical model describing the system behavior is required.In this thesis, we consider a set of non-monotone indicators evolving in a dynamic environment. Taking into account the major features of the data evolution as well as the impact of dynamic environment consequences and potential shocks, stochastic models based on Wiener and jump processes are proposed for these indicators. Each model is calibrated and tested, and their limits are discussed. A decision-making approach for preventive maintenance strategies is then proposed. In this approach, knowing the RUL of the system, a simulation-based real options analysis is used in order to determine the best date to maintain. Considering a case study of a wind turbine with PHM structure, the decision optimization approach is described
Muraro, Anthony. "Processus de Hawkes en temps discret avec inhibition." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES103.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Hawkes processes, which are continuous-time stochastic processes whose intensity is random and depends on the entire history of the process. These processes were introduced by Hawkes (1971) to model self-exciting dynamics. A generalization of these processes involves incorporating a self-inhibition effect, for which the literature is more limited and notably lacks a necessary and sufficient criterion for the existence of a stationary version that truly accounts for the inhibitory effect of the model. In the first chapter, we conduct a numerical analysis on the simulation of the solution to a nonlinear renewal equation, which is closely related to the expectation of the conditional intensity of a Hawkes process. Additionally, we present examples of simulations of these processes in settings that do not meet the previously mentioned criterion, thereby illustrating the restrictive nature of this criterion. Next, we focus more specifically on a discrete version of Hawkes processes with inhibition. This model takes the form of an autoregressive Poisson process, where the parameter is random and depends on the past realizations of the process. We allow these parameters to take negative values to model an inhibitory effect. The second chapter examines the case where the memory of this process is of size 2. In this context, we classify the asymptotic behavior of this process for the whole range of parameters, except for boundary cases. To achieve these results, we use the formalism of Markov chains as described by Douc, Moulines and Priouret (2018), and employ Foster's (1953) criterion-type theorems via Lyapunov functions. We also take advantage of comparing the behavior of this process with the behavior of solutions to a naturally associated linear recurrence sequence. In the third chapter, we extend our study to the case where the memory of the process is of size 3, and provide some results in the general case of arbitrarily large memory. We complement our theoretical study with numerical simulations to support our conjectures and provide intuition about the long-term behavior of this process. The final chapter is ongoing work on the critical cases of the studied process. We notably use diffusion approximation tools from the book by Ethier and Kurtz (1986). We show that after an appropriate time and space rescaling, the process converges to a diffusion governed by a stochastic differential equation, which we explicitly describe
Barclay, Samuel. "Statistique d'un modèle de processus de déplacement dirige par un processus ponctuel." Antilles-Guyane, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AGUY0100.
Full textIn this thesis we have developped a statistic model of a point process and a random trajectory. In this model, the transitions of the random trajectory are directed by a point process which care be vieved as signals emitted. We present a function called by "influence" which describes the intensity of transitions in function of emitting of signals. We showed asymptotics properties of non parametric estimator of the "influence" in case of intensity of signals are known and in case of intensity of signals are in known. In last part we do simulations by Monte-Carlo methods in roder to check asymptotics properties of estimation by kernel of the model
Krivine, Jean. "Algèbres de Processus Réversibles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519528.
Full textQuessy, Jean-François. "Processus de Kendall sériel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48951.pdf.
Full textNouvellet, Yann. "Mesure des processus d'érosion." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070020.
Full textThe dynamics od soil erosion in the Soudano-Sahelian region of southern-central Senegal is directly related to high population pressure. Inter-rill erosion was measured between 1998 and 2000 in a 400 km2 zone in the department of Nioro du Rip. Sixty plots were set up in order to study the influence of a series of parameters (topography, soil and land-use) on inter-rill erosion and on a few small rills. The mean elevation of each plot was mesured each year with an electronic relief-meter. The elevation of soil surface may vary from year to year as largely as a few millimetres. These variations are independent from slope and other topographic parameters, soil texture, or crop type. Moreover, plots which received significantly more rainfall were not significantly more eroded. The topographic profiles studied indicate that two erosion processes could determine the rate of inter-rill erosion. Inter-rill erosion is usually limited. The location of the test plots could explain the values observed due to either tillage erosion or to water erosion. However, the low slope values and the limited impact of agricultural implement do not support the hypothesis that tillage erosion is a significant factor in the evolution of the landscape. In a catchment area of 20 km2, a hundred of topographic index, calculated from a Digital Elevation Model, were used to predict the occurence of rills and gullies in the area. Nine models were selected for validation with an independent dataset. The study shows that the so-called rills and gullies do not appear to be linked to a specific erosion index. The slope gradient is presented as being the most significant factor. The results show the importance of discontinuous erosion features in the dynamic of the landscape. In conclusion, it is noted that high population densities and intensive crop production do not automatically lead to high levels of erosion. One of the least studied factors involved is the role of prevailing aeolian erosion, in the redistribution of soil particles in the landscape
Doisy, Michel. "Comparaison de processus markoviens." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU3012.
Full textBadouel, Éric. "Interpretations fonctorielles des processus." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10014.
Full textDoukhan, Paul. "Étude de processus mélangeants." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112120.
Full textWe study here asymptomatic properties of mixing processes and their statistical applications. First we give sufficient conditions for mixing of classical processes like non-linear autoregressive ones. After that we give fundamental moment inequalities for sums and for cumulants sums; they allow us to obtain good versions of central limit theorem giving rates with respect to Dudley, Levy of Prohorov metrics. With these tools we give a weak invariance principle for the empirical multidimensional repartition function with arithmetic rate of convergence. We also give rates of convergence in the weak invariance principle for empirical measure in Sobolev spaces and for kernel estimates of the density and of the regression of mixing sequences. From another hand we give asymptotically Gaussian results for quadratic deviation of non parametric estimates from a various kind. Finally we give invariance principles and functional law of the iterated logarithm in the cases of the local time of a Markov recurrent process and of the empirical spectral density of a stationary mixing random process
Ennadifi, Gratiane. "Records et processus ponctuels." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO19007.
Full textAssielou, N'Doli. "Évaluation des processus d'innovation." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL111N/document.
Full textInnovation represents a vital process for companies to insure their development. Several actions and new strategies are implemented by companies to increase their performances and so face market requirements. A good knowledge of both the innovation process and the company organization is necessary to allow the top management to manage them effectively and to adapt them to the challenges and the changes in their environment. Consequently, it is important for the companies to have tools and methods to measure continuously their innovation activities. The objective of our research is to suggest a framework to measure innovation capacities of companies based on a set of fifteen innovation practices, each practice is subdivided into several criteria which are directly observable phenomena in company. The methodological approach is based on the multicriteria aggregation method and the use of statistical notion of value-test to propose a typology of innovative companies of four classes (proactive, preactive, reactive and passive). An experimental study was led on a sample group of twenty French industrial companies. A software implementing our methodological proposition was developed. It allows to analyze and to estimate the innovative processes of a set of companies, to allocate them to a class and to give them recommendations for the relevant actions to follow to increase their innovation potential. This research proposes an effective decision-aid tool that helps in the innovation management
Doukhan, Paul. "Etude de processus mélangeants." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375972814.
Full textAssielou, N'Doli Boly Vincent Morel-Guimaraes Laure. "Évaluation des processus d'innovation." S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_ASSIELOU_N.pdf.
Full textMarchand, Jean-Louis. "Conditionnement de processus markoviens." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2177e735-124d-45ce-b03e-04149f77439c.
Full textThe aim of this work is to describe the conditional law of a multidimensional Markov process knowing linear combinations of its coordinates at given times. We are looking for a process of the same kind, whose law is equivalent to the targeted one. The diffusion processes represent the most studied process class in this thesis. We first use techniques of enlargement of filtrations (Jacod 1985) in order to determine the parameters of the conditional stochastic differential equation (SDE). This theoretical result does not allow direct simulation of conditional paths because of its drift. Indeed, this one depends on the transition density functions of the initial diffusion, and those functions are generally unknown. That is why, we provide an alternative, inspired by a Delyon & Hu(2006), consisting in proposing a SDE, whose law is equivalent to the targeted conditional distribution. Moreover, this SDE possesses explicit coefficents, and is easy to simulate thanks to an Euler scheme. Same kind of results are also established in the case of realpoint processes. An application in collaboration with Anne Cuzol and Etienne Mémin from the INRIA is also presented. It consists in applying the precedent result to a model, whose construction is based on 2D-Navier-Stokes equations
Marchand, Jean-Louis. "Conditionnement de processus markoviens." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733301.
Full textMikou, Mohammed. "Options américaines dans les modèles exponentiels de Lévy." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628448.
Full textBartholme, Carine. "Self-similarity and exponential functionals of Lévy processes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209256.
Full textDans la première partie, le principal objet d’intérêt est la soi-disant fonctionnelle exponentielle de processus de Lévy. La loi de cette variable aléatoire joue un rôle primordial dans de nombreux domaines divers tant sur le plan théorique que dans des domaines appliqués. Doney dérive une factorisation de la loi arc-sinus en termes de suprema de processus stables indépendants et de même index. Une factorisation similaire de la loi arc-sinus en termes de derniers temps de passage au niveau 1 de processus de Bessel peut aussi être établie en utilisant un résultat dû à Getoor. Des factorisations semblables d’une variable de Pareto en termes des mêmes objets peut également être obtenue. Le but de cette partie est de donner une preuve unifiée et une généralisation de ces factorisations qui semblent n’avoir aucun lien à première vue. Même s’il semble n’y avoir aucune connexion entre le supremum d’un processus stable et le dernier temps de passage d’un processus de Bessel, il peut être montré que ces variables aleatoires sont liées à des fonctionnelles exponentielles de processus de Lévy spécifiques. Notre contribution principale dans cette partie et aussi au niveau de caractérisations de la loi de la fonctionnelle exponentielle sont des factorisations de la loi arc-sinus et de variables de Pareto généralisées. Notre preuve s’appuie sur une factorisation de Wiener-Hopf récente de Patie et Savov.
Dans la deuxième partie, motivée par le fait que la dérivée fractionnaire de Caputo et d’autres opérateurs fractionnaires classiques coïncident avec le générateur de processus de Markov auto-similaires positifs particuliers, nous introduisons des opérateurs généralisés de Caputo et nous étudions certaines propriétés. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux conditions sous lesquelles ces opérateurs coïncident avec les générateurs infinitésimaux de processus de Markov auto-similaires positifs généraux. Dans ce cas, nous étudions les fonctions invariantes de ces opérateurs qui admettent une représentation en termes de séries entières. Nous précisons que cette classe de fonctions contient les fonctions de Bessel modifiées, les fonctions de Mittag-Leffler ainsi que plusieurs fonctions hypergéométriques. Nous proposons une étude unifiant et en profondeur de cette classe de fonctions.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bouly, Florent. "Etude fine de processus multifractionnaires non classiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB012.
Full textMultifractional processes are natural generalisations of Brownian motion and fractional Brownian motion. Their essential feature is that their local properties can be prescribed via a functional parameter and can therefore change significantly from one point to another. Multifractional Brownian motion and other classical multifractional processes are constructed by replacing the constant Hurst parameter of a fractional process by a function that depends on the variable which indexes the process. An important new idea is that the functional parameter (deterministic or random) of such processes can depend on the integration variable associated with the stochastic integral that represents the process; such a process is then said to be non-classical multifractional.These non-classical processes are more complex to study and it is not clear that the usual methods fit this new context. An important objective of this thesis is to determine the local and pointwise Hölder exponents of these non-classical processes for a universal event that does not depend on the location. Another objective is the statistical estimation of their Hurst parameter (which is sometimes random) from a discretized trajectory. Finally, the question of the simulation of such non-classical processes is also presented
Pumo, Besnik. "Estimation et prévision de processus autorégressifs fonctionnels : applications aux processus à temps continu." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066299.
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