Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Procuste'

Sur la route entre Trézènes et Athènes, Procuste invitait les voyageurs à se reposer chez lui. Il les couchait dans son lit qui n'était adapté à la taille de personne : Procuste amputait alors ce qui qui dépassait ou étirait ses hôtes jusqu'à ce qu'ils remplissent parfaitement la forme de son lit. Le jeune Thésée le tua et relégua pour plusieurs siècles son adversaire à un rôle de faire-valoir du héros.Il faut remplir le lit de Procuste ; séduire pour attirer, réduire le corps, redire l'autre par sa parodie défigurée. Pour le faire nôtre, nous morcelons et réorganisons le réel sous forme de fiction. Or qu'arrive-t-il si ce processus d'appropriation du réel s'emballe et se substitue à toute autre forme d'organisation, d'analyse et de compréhension ?Dans l'Antiquité, Procuste est un barbare solitaire mais à mesure que le mythe le désindividualise, il est absorbé par l'antagonisme constitutionnel, impersonnalisé et universalisé. Cette évolution se poursuit au XXème siècle où le système totalitaire manifeste dans le concret les enjeux monstrueux de cette simple fiction.Une seule forme, une seule taille, une seule idée pour tous. Procuste exprime aujourd'hui les craintes contemporaines de médiocratisation. Cette figure nous renvoie autant à notre peur de disparaître dans l'anonymat de la foule qu'à notre profond désir d'appartenir à une identité. La méthode procustéenne vise un soulagement pour ceux qui ne veulent plus ni douter ni subir l'incertitude. Bien que nous redoutons le supplice du lit de Procuste, ce dernier propose une solution à l'expérience frustrante de vivre dans un monde qui évolue et se diffracte en une multitude de formes et de possibilités
On the way from Troezen to Athens, Procrustes invited travelers to rest at his home. He lay them down in his bed which size was unfit for all: Procrustes then lopped off of the exceeding limbs or stretched out his hosts until they fit the form of his bed perfectly. He was slain by Theseus and pushed into the background playing for many centuries to come the role of this hero’s stooge.The Bed of Procrustes must be filled ; seducing to attract, reducing the body, retelling as a disfigured parody. In order to own reality, one must first split, reorganize and give it the form of a fiction. Yet what happens if the process of appropriation of reality gets carried away and is substituted to any other forms of organization, analysis and comprehension?During the Antiquity period, Procrustes was a lonesome barbarian but as his myth disindividualizes him, he gets absorbed by the constitutional, civilized antagonism and acts through an impersonal and universal dominance. This evolution strives during the 20th century that witnesses the system of totalitarianism concretize the monstuous stakes of this simple fiction.One form, one size, one idea fits all. Procrustes expresses nowadays fears of mediocratization. This figure hightlights as much our fear to dissolve into an anonymous crowd as our yearning to belong and fit in an identity. The procrustean method aims to relieve for those who want to doubt or suffer uncertainty no more. As dreadful as Procrustes’ torture might be, he offers a solution to the unavoidable frustration of living in a world constantly evolving and diffracting in a multitude of forms and possibilities

Cette étude porte sur l'histoire et les fondements théoriques du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux, troisième édition (DSM-III). La publication de cette classification standardisée de la pathologie mentale, par l'American Psychiatric Association en 1980, a constitué une véritable « révolution nosologique », qui a exercé une influence durable dans la psychiatrie américaine, aussi bien sur la prise en charge des malades mentaux que sur les programmes de recherche scientifique. Le DSM-III a imposé un nouveau style de pensée en psychiatrie, le « néo-kraepelinisme », qui met l'accent sur l'objectivité descriptive du diagnostic et relève l'importance des outils standardisés d'évaluation et des données épidémiologiques pour le progrès des connaissances en psychopathologie. Cette classification, qui reposait sur un pari d' « a-theorisme », n'a toutefois pas porté tous les fruits escomptés. La nosologie psychiatrique, aujourd'hui, connaît une grave crise théorique illustrée par l'opposition de deux modèles aux présupposés ontologiques radicalement différents : le modèle médical, qui défend une approche catégorielle des troubles mentaux ; le modèle psychologique, qui défend une approche dimensionnelle s'appuyant principalement sur les travaux autour des traits de personnalité. L'ontologie «grise» du DSM-III est en grande partie responsable de cette crise.

Questa tesi presenta due decomposizioni matriciali utili in molteplici applicazioni:la Decomposizione ai Valori Singolari e la Decomposizione Polare. Vengono mostrati l'esistenza della Decomposizione ai Valori Singolari, varie proprietà e alcuni aspetti computazionali, quindi viene trattata l'esistenza della Decomposizione Polare e le proprietà fondamentali, con particolare attenzione al fattore ortogonale della decomposizione. Si introduce poi l'analisi di Procuste e viene mostrato come le decomposizioni matriciali discusse si applicano ad essa. Si conclude con un esempio pratico di analisi di Procuste, che illustra anche l'algoritmo MATLAB utilizzato.

Le mecanisme de l'elongation cellulaire joue un role fondamental dans la croissance des plantes. L'hypocotyle d'arabidopsis thaliana est un organe d'origine embryonnaire dont la croissance, apres la germination est due essentiellement a un phenomene d'elongation cellulaire. A l'obscurite, cet organe peut subir une croissance importante et constitue donc un modele d'etude ideal pour comprendre les mecanismes qui regissent le processus de l'elongation cellulaire. Ce travail de these s'inscrit dans une approche physiologique et moleculaire et a pour objet l'etude des mutants procuste1 (prc1), caracterises a l'obscurite par un hypocotyle environ quatre fois plus court que celui du type sauvage. Une analyse biochimique et par ftir (spectroscopie avec transformee de fourier) de la composition des parois a permis de mettre en evidence que les parois des mutants prc1 sont deficientes en cellulose et que cette deficience semble etre compensee par un taux plus eleve de pectines et d'hemicelluloses. D'autre part, l'utilisation de plusieurs techniques de microscopie a revele que dans des coupes d'hypocotyles des mutants prc1 etioles se trouvent de nombreuses parois incompletes, ce qui n'est jamais observe dans les coupes du type sauvage. L'observation d'embryons mutants prc1 a permis d'observer que les parois de l'hypocotyle sont intactes a ce stade du developpement, suggerant que les mutants prc1 ne sont pas affectes dans le mecanisme de la cytokinese. Afin de mieux comprendre le role du gene prc1 dans l'elongation cellulaire, celui-ci a ete isole par clonage positionnel. La cartographie genetique de la mutation a permis de positionner la mutation prc1 dans une region d'environ 150 kb en bas du chromosome 5. Cette region a ete sous-clonee dans des vecteurs binaires, et un fragment de 8,9 kb capable de restaurer le phenotype sauvage dans les mutants prc1 a ete identifie. Cette region porte deux genes candidats, dont l'un code une proteine de fonction inconnue et l'autre une proteine similaire a des transporteurs de type abc. Des experiences ulterieures doivent permettre de determiner lequel des deux genes candidats correspond au gene prc1.

ABSTRACT

In the past decade, the construction industry has been identified to be among the industries that are lagging in the application of modern information and communication technology as tools to enhance project performance. Where this technology has been applied, little has been done to meet up with the pace of advancements in information and communication technology.

This research looks at the extent to which information and communication technology (ICT) tools have being integrated for project enhancement in a major railway construction project. Most precisely, it looks at how ICT tools have affected communication and collaborative processes in the context of the soft skills processes and the hard skills processes. Enormous literature in this field of study was reviewed to set the base upon which to make the investigation. Findings show that ICT tools have been integrated just to a limited extent on the project which still used traditional management and project communication methods.; and there was room for integration of better tools as project participants were aware of some of these ICT tools that can enhance the performance of the project. Finally, an ICT infrastructure that encompasses all aspects of the project environment and the entire project lifecycle is proposed. This infrastructure enhances project performance by integrating all project stakeholders in the process of knowledge sharing and use in the project. The research also determines that most project organisations would refrain from integrating certain kinds of project enhancement tools because of he cost obtaining them as well as the cost to train employees on their usage.

Costante è il dibattito relativo ai possibili sprechi nell’amministrazione della giustizia penale ed alle inefficienze dei tribunali, delle procure e, più in generale, dell’organizzazione giudiziaria e del processo. Può essere utile il tentativo di fornire a tale dibattito strumenti analitici innovativi, quali ad esempio l’analisi economica costi/benefici, con cui affrontare congiuntamente questioni di diritto ed osservazioni legate alla produzione degli uffici ed alla loro efficienza. È possibile, cioè, tentare di costruire e rendere disponibili dei semplici modelli economici – già diffusi nella letteratura anglosassone di law and economics – che, considerando le strutture preposte alla giurisdizione in termini di produzione e produttività e l’attore processuale come un’unità produttiva che opera con l’obiettivo di massimizzare i benefici ottenibili con le proprie risorse, facilitino lo studio del settore. Il tentativo di introdurre elementi di semplificazione e formalizzazione del comportamento dei soggetti della giurisdizione ha, infatti, grandissime potenzialità sia di carattere positivo sia di carattere normativo: permette, cioè, di interrogarsi sull’efficienza della funzione svolta dai tribunali e, nel caso di esito negativo, di capire come intervenire sulla struttura produttiva per ottenere una crescita di produttività. Tutto ciò in un contesto ove il court management sta emergendo come un nuovo campo fertile nello studio dei settori pubblici, in coerenza col crescente interesse nel definire quanto le corti (in generale) e le procure (più in particolare) siano performanti.

Orientador: Wilson Suzigan
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: A conclusão, em 1994, da Rodada Uruguai do GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) e a criação da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) são marcos importantes na constituição de uma nova institucionalidade internacional, resultado de importantes mudanças que ocorreram nas últimas décadas. O objetivo desta tese é analisar os principais aspectos desta nova institucionalidade, particularmente os que foram objeto de negociações na Rodada Uruguai. Nosso argumento é que essa nova institucionalidade limita de maneira significativa para os países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, as possibilidades de formulação de políticas autônomas de desenvolvimento nacional. Nossa hipótese é de que tal limitação está relacionada a duas ordens de fatores. Em primeiro lugar, esse novo arcabouço institucional, ao apoiar-se na teoria ortodoxa de comércio internacional - segundo a qual o comércio baseado nas vantagens comparativas de cada país resultaria no máximo bem estar para todos e cuja contrapartida normativa é a negação de qualquer medida de política que altere a distribuição dos fatores produtivos, resultante da aplicação de critérios estáticos de eficiênçia baseados em preços e custos - tende a acentuar ainda mais as disparidades entre os países situados na fronteira tecnológica ou próximos dela e aqueles mais atrasados. Argumentamos que a partir de um novo referencial teórico, o evolucionário/neo-schumpeteriano, é possível identificar outros critérios dinâmicos de eficiência - relacionados com o dinamismo inovativo e da demanda -, cuja contrapartida normativa aponta na direção oposta e para o qual as políticas já não aparecem como elemento passivo, visando simplesmente corrigir falhas de mercado, mas como elementos essenciais para que as empresas, indústrias e países se tomem competitivos no mercado mundial. Em segundo lugar, as restrições impostas por esta nova institucionalidade se distribuem de maneira assimétrica. Nossa argumento é de que os países hegemônicos se utilizam das novas regulações para obrigar os países em desenvolvimento a abrirem seus mercados, mas não aceitam o cerceamen to às suas próprias leis e interesses por instituições e regulações internacionais
Abstract: The conclusion, in 1994, of the Uruguai Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are important milestones in the establishment of a new international institutional framework, as a result of important changes occurred in the last decades. The aim of this thesis is to analize the most important features of this new institutional framework, mainly those negotiated in the Uruguay Round. We argue that this new institutional framework restricts in a meaningful way the possibílities of implementing independent policies aimed to foster the national development, especially for developing countries, like Brazil. Our hypothesis is that this restriction is related to two kinds of círcumstances. First, this new institutional framework, to the extent that it draws upon the orthodox theory of international trade - according to which the international trade based on comparative advantages alwal's results in the highest level of welfare for everyone and which normative counterpart is the denial of every policy action that changes the allocation of resources that results from the attainment of static efficiency criteria based on relative prices and costs - strengthen the dísparities between countries situated in the technological frontier or near it and those behind them. We argue that from a new theoretical approach, the evolutionary/neoschumpeterian one, there are other dynamic efficiency criteria - related to innovative and demand dynamism -, which normative counterpart points the other way round, that is to say policies appear no more to correct market failures, but as fundamentally necessary elements to firms, industries and countries to become competitive in world markets. Second, restrictions imposed by this new institutional framework are not evenly matched throughout the world. We argue that rich countries use the new rules to force the opening of less developed countries' markets but do not accept restrictions on their own rules and advantages by intermational rules or institutions
Doutorado
Doutor em Economia

This report presents a three-step investigation conducted to identify problems and challenges experienced by small and medium sized organizations procuring software intensive systems. Archival research is carried out to see if the available procurement guidelines are applicable for small and medium sized organizations. Data has been collected through questionnaires and interviews with the organizations’ employees responsible for software procurements. The quantitative data has been analyzed using statistical methods, in an attempt to identify the main weaknesses in the current procurement procedures. In addition, the qualitative data are analyzed to complement the findings made from the quantitative data. Results indicate that the organizations who participated in the survey seldom follow a predefined procedure when they execute software procurements. However, organizations that do have a defined, formalized procurement procedure are significantly more satisfied with their procurements. In addition, risk management is seldom integrated in software procurements despite the fact that the organizations to some extent consider software procurement as a risky activity. Recommendations derived from the survey results are offered to increase the organization’s ability to procure and use software intensive systems.

O estudo refere-se a uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo discutir a implementação de atividades de Educação Nutricional em Serviços Públicos de Saúde, através da visão dos profissionais que tradicionalmente atuam nesses serviços: médicos e enfermeiros. Utilizou-se o método da pesquisa-ação descrito por Thiollent, o qual pressupõe uma intervenção do pesquisador na realidade e a proposta de aumentar o conhecimento e a consciência dos sujeitos pesquisados a respeito da problemática estudada. Os resultados descrevem: a construção do saber sobre Nutrição através das Instituições formadoras, Instituições profissionais e vivência profissional; a conduta adotada face aos problemas relativos à alimentação no cotidiano profissional em contraposição ao enfrentamento dos mesmos no cotidiano pessoal; a percepção dos profissionais acerca das atividades de Educação Nutricional, segundo a conceituação de educação/orientação, tipificação de papéis profissionais e processo de institucionalização; a visão dos profissionais relativa à Educação Nutricional frente a situações contraditórias: problema clínico versus problema alimentar, nutrição versus renda e problemas de saúde emergentes no Brasil: doenças crônico-degenerativas. Nas considerações finais são apresentadas propostas norteadoras de ações futuras visando a institucionalização da prestação deste serviço e o desenvolvimento da Educação Nutricional no âmbito do ensino e da pesquisa.
This work concerns a study that had as its objective the discussion of the implementation of Nutritional Education activities in Public Health Services by means of the point of view of the professionals who take part in these services: doctors and nurses. The action-research method described by Thiollent was used. This method presupposes an intervention of the researcher in reality and proposes increasing the understanding and awareness of the problem studied on the part of the subjects involved in the study. The results describe: the construction of knowledge about Nutrition by means of educational and professional institutions and professional life; the behaviour adopted in the face of problems relating to food practices in daily professional living in contrast to facing the same problems in daily pcrsonal living; the perception of professionals about activities of Nutritional Education according to education/orientation conceptualisation, typography of professional roles and the process of institutionalisation; the view of the professional regarding Nutritional Education when confronting contradictory situations like clinical problems versus alimentary problems, nutrition versus income and emerging health problems in Brazil such as chronic-degenerative illnesses. The final considerations present orientating proposals for futurc action seeking the institutionalisation of offering this service and the development of Nutritional Education in the sphere of teaching and research.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
In 2007, as the dossier prepared by the Military Police which aimed to investigate the Movement of Landless Rural Workers and their links with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia in the north of Rio Grande do Sul, a series of legal actions have been developed , which disclose a conflict that surpasses the competition for territory and political projects and land from the Agricultural Federation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul X MST, with the significant role of the State and Federal Judiciary and the Ministry of Carazinho State and Federal Public , which features the criminal action based on the National Security Law (Law No. 7170/83) and public civil actions that aimed to reduce the performance of the MST, and the resolution of the Board of the Public Prosecutor decided that the extinction of the MST. We understand that the rescue of history that the criminal act is indicative of the current scenario of growth of speeches punitive brand of neoliberal hegemony, where there is an expansion of the processes of criminalization of poverty in general and social movements vindicated, territories marked by the unveiling concept of state of exception, while presenting a line (not so) continued with the colonial past, which is based on the notion of control and submission of the popular classes through the criminal statute.
Em 2007, a partir do dossi? elaborado pelo Brigada Militar, que se propunha a investigar o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra e seus v?nculos com as For?as Armadas Revolucion?rias da Col?mbia na regi?o Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, uma s?rie de a??es jur?dicas foram desenvolvidas, que desvelam um conflito que ultrapassa a disputa pelo territ?rio e de projetos pol?ticos e agr?rios entre Federa??o da Agricultura do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul X MST, contando com a atua??o significativa dos Judici?rios Estadual e Federal de Carazinho e do Minist?rio P?blico Estadual e Federal, onde se destacam a a??o penal com base na Lei de Seguran?a Nacional (Lei n? 7170/83) e A??es Civis P?blicas que objetivavam reduzir a atua??o do MST, bem como a delibera??o do Conselho Superior do Minist?rio P?blico que deliberou pela extin??o do MST. Entendemos que o resgate da hist?ria que gestou a a??o penal ? reveladora do cen?rio atual de crescimento dos discursos punitivos, marca da hegemonia neoliberal, onde se percebe uma amplia??o dos processos de criminaliza??o da pobreza em geral e dos movimentos sociais reivindicat?rios, desvelando territ?rios marcados pelo conceito de estado de exce??o, ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta uma linha (n?o t?o) cont?nua com o passado colonial, que se assenta na no??o de controle e submiss?o das classes populares por meio do estatuto penal.

The procurement of agricultural commodities by multinational organizations has been identified as a leverage point for moving the global agricultural system towards sustainability. This study focuses on how multinational organizations can improve their capacities to procure more sustainably grown agriculture commodities. Using the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) to create a theoretical ‘Ideal Case’ for procurement practices, this study analyzes the key strengths and weaknesses of existing practices surrounding the procurement of agricultural commodities in order to determine how they can improve. Interviews with four multinational corporations, one INGO and several experts in the field showed various weaknesses, including a lack of whole-system perspectives, inadequate definitions of sustainability, and weak strategies and tools to support organizations’ movements towards sustainability. Using these findings, recommendations were created to provide procurers, sourcing managers, supply chain managers, and sustainability managers with the necessary guidance to create conditions enabling the procurement of more sustainably grown agricultural commodities. The recommendations call for multi-stakeholder cooperation, increased use of impact assessments, long-term sustainability goals, and credible certification systems.

The aim of this master thesis is to investigate how a procuring organization can use personas and scenarios to gather user-requirements in the procurement of software. To reach this understanding a case study is carried out to answer the questions of research; which is a definition that suits IKEA Components, which tools and how to use them; and what are the obstacles and enablers for working with personas and scenarios in procurement of software. The thesis consists of a theoretical study in the usability area followed by an empirical investigation with semi-structured interviews and observations. The study resulted in 4 personas and 8 connected scenarios that are based on user requirements. The first finding due to the question of research includes a usability definition applied to a real context. The second reveals examples of how personas and scenarios can make the development team understand the user requirements and thus contribute to procurement. The last finding is that the main obstacles and enablers for IKEA Components is the complexity of the main system, lack of resources and the management support.

The Unified theory of Technology Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model suggest that the user acceptance before adopting a technology will greatly affect how the technology is accepted, and in effect its impact and performance in the organisation. A technology that is having an increasing presence in organisations is Procure-to-Pay (P2P) systems. P2P systems have been shown to achieve performance gains after a successful implementation in the form of increased efficiency, higher quality and better control in the procurement process. Being able to assess beforehand the performance gains of a technology before adoption is a crucial step for organisations seeking to lower uncertainties. This research assesses the importance of user acceptance as a precondition for a successful implementation of a P2P system. The research was conducted as a multiple case study at three organisations; Jernhusen, Akademiska Hus and Specialfastigheter. Jernhusen is considering adopting a P2P system. Akademiska Hus and Specialfastigheter have undergone the adoption of a P2P system. By measuring the user acceptance at Jernhusen the performance of a P2P system was assessed from a theoretical standpoint. The performance of a P2P system, and how well the implementation had succeeded was measured at Akademiska Hus and Specialfastigheter and put in relation to the measured user acceptance before adoption. This provided data to assess to what extent user acceptance is a precondition for a successful implementation of a P2P system. The study found that the user acceptance at Jernhusen, Akademiska Hus and Specialfastigheter was low before adoption. The theory indicate that this would lead to low adoption of a P2P system at Jernhusen and few performance gains. However, performance measurements made at Akademiska Hus and Specialfastigheter indicated that the P2P systems have led to medium to high performance gains respectively despite of low user acceptance before adoption. The research therefore concluded that user acceptance is not an important precondition for a successful implementation of a P2P system.
Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) modellen menar att användaracceptans innan en teknologi implementeras i en organisation är en avgörande faktor på hur organisationen kommer ta till sig teknologin och i sin tur teknologins effekt på organisationen. En teknologi som är allt mer framstående inom större organisationer är Procure-To-Pay (P2P) system. Effekterna av ett P2P system efter en framgångsrik implementation har påvisats vara förbättrad kvalité samt ökad effektivitet och kontroll av ingående steg av inköpsprocessen. Att kunna utvärdera systemets inverkan på en organisation i förhand är avgörande för organisationer som ämnar att minimera osäkerheter och risk vid systemimplementation. Denna studie utvärderar vikten av användaracceptans som en förutsättning för en lyckat implementation av ett P2P system. Studien var genomför som en flertalig fallstudie hos 3 organisationer; Jernhusen, Akademiska Hus och Specialfastigheter. Jernhusen överväger införandet av ett P2P system. Akademiska Hus och Specialfastigheter har infört ett P2P system. Genom att mäta användarnas acceptans hos Jernhusen utvärderades effekterna av införandet av ett P2P system ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv. Effekterna av ett P2P system och hur framgångsrik implementationen varit utvärderades vid Akademiska Hus och Specialfastigheter, och dessa effekter sattes i förhållande till användarnas acceptans innan införandet av systemet. Detta tillgängliggjorde data för att utvärdera till vilken grad användaracceptans är en förutsättning för en lyckad implementation av ett P2P system. Studien fann att användaracceptans hos Jernhusen, Akademiska Hus och Specialfastigheter var låg innan införandet av ett P2P system. Teorin föreslår att detta är dåliga förutsättningar för en framgångsrik implementation samt svårt att uppnå de önskade effekterna av systemet. Dock visade data från Akademiska Hus och Specialfastigheter att P2P systemen hade lett till de önskade effekterna trots den låga användaracceptans. Därmed drar studien slutsatsen att användaracceptans inte är ett avgörande förutsättning för en lyckad implementation av ett P2P system.

Les récentes découvertes fossiles en Europe (Dmanissi, Ceprano 1, Gran Dolina) complexifient les théories phylétiques concernant les Hominidés précédant les Néandertaliens : les Anténéandertaliens. Afin de mieux appréhender les relations phylétiques entre les différentes espèces connues (Homo georgicus, H. cepranensis, H. antecessor, H. heidelbergensis et H. neanderthalensis), nous avons étudié morphologiquement les fragments originaux et proposé deux reconstitutions virtuelles de deux spécimens fossiles incomplets du Pléistocène moyen : Arago 21-47, Caune de l'Arago, Pyrénées-Orientales, France, et un spécimen inédit, Biache-Saint-Vaast 2, Pas-de-Calais, France. L'imagerie numérique a permis de corriger les déformations taphonomiques, d'assembler les fragments isolés et de proposer des reconstructions crâniennes après prélèvements virtuels sur d'autres spécimens du Pléistocène moyen, des pièces osseuses manquantes. Nous avons relevé les coordonnées 3D d'une série de points de repères sur ces reconstructions et sur un ensemble représentatif d'Hominidés fossiles pour procéder : aux comparaisons Procustes de Modélisations Segmentaires Inter Points (méthode des Thin Plates Splines) et aux Analyses en Composantes Principales de chaque modélisation crânienne (crâne, calotte crânienne, os frontal, voûte bipariétale et os pariétal droit isolé). Nous avons objectivé après comparaisons morphologiques et Procustes des fragments puis de leurs assemblages, une très grande similitude de conformation spatiale entre ces deux individus, les Néandertaliens et Ceprano 1 et anatomique entre Biache-Saint-Vaast 2 (moindre pour Arago 21) et les Néandertaliens. Nous proposons de : 1/ Considérer Arago 21 et Biache-Saint-Vaast 2 comme des Homo heidelbergensis ancien et récent ; 2/ Reconnaître la présence d'une conformation de type néandertalienne en Europe depuis le Pléistocène inférieur final ; 3/ Nommer Anténéandertaliens tous les individus présentant cette morphologie tridimensionnelle.

La présente recherche traite de l’expérience de consultation du site web d’une marque et de son impact sur les réactions post-visite de l’internaute. Dans cette perspective, une revue de la littérature relative à l’expérience de consommation de manière générale et à l’expérience de navigation de manière spécifique est effectuée. Cette démarche conceptuelle, conjuguée à une étude qualitative exploratoire, a abouti à la proposition d’un modèle conceptuel qui met en exergue le processus psychologique – notamment le mode de traitement et l’expérience d’imagerie mentale – de l’internaute lors de la consultation du site web de marque. De même, ce modèle met au jour les contributions des composantes fonctionnelles et expérientielles de ladite consultation sur la satisfaction et l’attitude de l’internaute.En vue de confirmer le modèle conceptuel, une étude quantitative de type expérimentale est effectuée. Le test des liens subséquents au modèle causal – au moyen des analyses multivariées et de la méthode des équations structurelles – ressort les interactions substantielles qui régissent les éléments antécédents et composants de l’expérience de consultation du site web d’une marque ainsi que leurs influences respectives sur la satisfaction de l’internaute relative au site web et sur son attitude envers la marque
This research discusses the experience of brand website visit and its consequences on consumer post-visit reactions. In this perspective, a review of the literature related to the theme of consumption experience in general and particularly to online browsing experience is performed. This theoretical approach, combined with an exploratory qualitative study, led to the proposal of a framework model that emphasizes the psychological process - including the way of processing and mental imagery experience - during consumer consultation of a brand website. Similarly, this model reveals the contributions of the utilitarian and experiential components of that consultation on consumer's satisfaction and attitude.To confirm the framework model, a quantitative experiment is performed. The results of the causal model testing - this, using multivariate analyzes and structural equation modeling- put forward the substantial interactions that exist between the antecedent elements and the core components of the brand website experience and the specific influences of these ones on consumer's satisfaction related to the website and attitude toward the brand

Les Jésuites du Québec œuvraient à l'accomplissement de la mission chinoise de Xuzhou que le Saint-Siège leur confiait en 1931. Ceux-ci captaient le soutien de nombreux bienfaiteurs canadiens-français gagnés aux causes missionnaires. Un musée d'art chinois et la revue missionnaire Le Brigand étaient les principales publicités de leurs activités en Chine. De juin 1931 à août 1950, plus de 1,1 million de dollars canadiens était donné à l'Église du Xuzhou via la Procure des Missions Étrangères de Chine, une institution jésuite fondée à Québec pour financer la mission. La pauvreté, les imprévus climatiques et l'instabilité politique maintenaient la communauté catholique du Xuzhou dans un état de dépendance face aux dons de l'Église canadienne-française. Favorisant le financement des institutions d'enseignement de l'Église du Xuzhou, les Jésuites du Québec ont formé peu de prêtres chinois avant leur expulsion de la Chine par le Parti communiste chinois à partir de 1949.
The Quebec Jesuits were given the Chinese mission of Xuzhou by the Holy See in 1931. They were supported by many French Canadian donors convinced of the importance of missionary causes. A museum of Chinese arts and the missionary review Le Brigand were the principal publicity of their activities in China. From June 1931 to August 1950, more than 1.1 million of Canadian dollars were given to the Church of Xuzhou by the Procure des Missions Étrangères de Chine, a Jesuit institution founded at Quebec to fund the mission. Poverty, climate instability and political insecurity maintained the Catholic community of Xuzhou in a state of dependence towards the French Canadian Church's generosity. Prioritizing the financing of the schools of the Church of Xuzhou, the Quebec Jesuits trained few Chinese priests before their exile of China by the Chinese Communist Party, starting in 1949.

碩士
國立成功大學
工業設計學系
84
This study focused on the process of communicating message in productdesign, especially the decoding and encoding of a product form. some characteristics of consumers'' perception of a product have been identified.Involvement theory is applied to fomulate a product classification system,and four strategies are proposed for dealing with different product categories.As a result, a design method is proposed for improving the effectiveness of communicating design message. Four products, THE AGGREGRATIVE SANITARY, KNIFE & FORK, BRUSH and SCANER,are selected as exercise cases to illustrate how these strategies work. The results of this study are listed as fellows:1)In case of the product is highly involved in both implemental and symbolic messages we should focus our attention on message control.2)If the product is more involved in symbolic messages the key point of message encoding is to reflect trends on the product.3)When the product is more involved in implemental messages the message encoding should enhance the functional meanings of the product.4)In case of the product is low involved both in implemental and symbolic messages the strategy is to arouse attention.

M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
This dissertation provides a study of productivity improvement to project Scope Change Management (SCM) processes in the Engineer-Procure-Construct (EPC) project environment using lean techniques. The motivation for carrying out this study was, to optimise the typical scope change management systems to improve efficiency and most importantly the process productivity. It aims to present a conceptual approach to reduce bottom line impact brought about by the management of scope change events. A brief literature study of the industry, scope change management systems and the EPC project environment is provided together with an overview on the Value Streams (VS) mapping methodology for lean systems improvement. The improvement study sets out to establish the current status quo of EPC project change management systems through survey and literature study. The assessment establishes a necessary baseline and identifies various aspects within the scope change management system that need to be improved. An improvement effort is made on the current state map using lean principles and Design Structure Matrix (DSM) techniques to establish process efficiency and hence productivity increase. The study presents the results of the lean improvement; this is presented in the form of a process future state map proposal for further lean intervention and implementation. The study concludes with a brief discussion of an implementation plan. Collectively, the study aims to provide tools for VS based improvement and consequently meet the objective of a solution for bottom line productivity improvement in EPC Scope Change Management systems.

碩士
國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
93
The second-hand vehicle market in Europe, America, and Japan has entered the mature period and showed the following market characteristic: 1.Large business volume and has formed effect of scale Volume of the second-hand vehicle business in developed countries is lot more than the volume of the new vehicle. Generally it is above a time. According to the summary statistics, the annual sales volume of American second-hand vehicle is already 2.5 times of its new vehicle sales volume, and the year sales volume of Japanese second-hand vehicle has continuously surpassed its new vehicle the sales volume for many years. Just because of huge second-hand vehicle market, the developed countries can maintain a stable and huge market of new vehicle market. The related data demonstrated that, in a mature auto market, the average of vehicle discard cycle is about 8 - 12 years, but the average of vehicle renew cycle is less than 4 years. It is obvious that the second-hand vehicle market has quite a few of the spaces to operate. 2.Lower price and balance the supply and demand quantity in the market The 21st century has become "the automobile society". Cars have become an essential transportation for the modern families, but consumers from different levels have different demands for cars. Part of the consumers, which from middle class and above mainly buy new cars. They pay more attention to the reliability of the vehicles instead of the price. Most of them would consider changing cars after four or five years when the reliability of the vehicle go down and the chance of accidental breakdown increase. But consumers, which are below the middle class, then take the second-hand car as the main consideration. It is because of the lower price consideration. The price of second-hand car is about half of a new car. It''s still quite reliable to be used for two to four years. And the loss of depreciation value would be smaller than buying a new car. Such second-hand car is still possible to be sold once more after using. The price then would be only 20%-30% of a new one. Those cars are mainly sold to the people who have lower income or students who have no income. Moreover there are some older cars that even cost less, which costs only about 5%-10% of a new car. Although it is a must to spend certain money on maintenance costs, the total cost would still be the lowest. It is quite beneficial. Therefore the supply of second-hand vehicle is a little bit larger than the demand quantity. The price of the second-hand cars is also lower. That is to balance the supply and demand quantity in the market 3.The system organize well and promote the market to be developed Second-hand vehicle markets in the developed countries generally form a perfect purchasing and selling system. And that promotes the organization of second-hand auction and wholesale. Governments formulate related laws of second-hand vehicle trading to protect consumer''s rights and interests. Each organization runs fairly and effective and that makes the price in second-hand vehicle markets of the developed countries tend to be stable. Consumers do not have to worry about the loss which is from the unstable value of vehicles. The value of second-hand vehicles affects the guarantee value of vehicles and the stimulation of buying new cars deep and far. The steady of second-hand vehicle markets has made new- and second-hand vehicle markets promote fairly well. The generality of second-hand vehicle markets in developing countries are: 1. Less source and higher price Because of the average income of the developing countries is lot more lower than the developed countries, the proportion of wanting to buy second-hand cars is lot more than the developed countries. Furthermore, vehicle renew cycle of these countries is longer than the developed countries. Therefore make the source of second-hand vehicle to be limited. And the situation of supply is unable to meet the demand is very common. It has made the price of second-hand vehicle become lot higher than the developed countries. Even though, the price of second-hand cars is still lower than new cars. Considering from the economy, second-hand cars are still popular. 2. The trading is flexible and the management is tend to be ruled day by day The main characteristic of the second-hand vehicle markets in developing countries is flexible trading. There are direct personal trading, store trading, and also auction trading. Anyhow they regulate and run by the market rules themselves. Although the second-hand vehicles markets have go along for many years, it is still immature. There is still a certain difference in scale, price, market standard, and market operation from developed countries. These countries have already realized this and are now trying to improve. They are endeavoring to regulate the law and the policy and also coordinating with the new- and second-hand markets. They are trying to regulate the price and balance the supply and demanding. These have made their trading way become closer to the developed countries. Market of Taiwan has also followed this tendency to Europe, America, and Japan. Comparing with the developed countries, the second-hand vehicle markets in Taiwan starts later but develops faster. The trading way is like the Eight Immortals crossing the sea, each one showing his special prowess. The trading pattern and the legal rules are still not soundness. The disputes happen quite often. Before the information of a new car has not fully exposed, it is risky to purchase second-hand car. Consumer could just be the last white mouse for the sellers and can only pray for himself. Making a comprehensive survey of second-hand vehicle markets in developed countries like America and Japan, the policy, the law and the coordination between the new- and second-hand vehicle markets are the main reason to make second-hand vehicle markets become prosperous in these countries. Because of the legal standard is incomplete in our country. The problem of asymmetric information exists in the market. And that makes the rights and the interests of consumers can not be protected when they purchase cars. This research is mainly investigating via interviews, related documents, and theories, and also case study and analyze. Then induces the system which can promote consumers'' rights and interests and also to make consumers'' rights and interests to be protected. Therefore they can feel at ease buying cars and also trying to provide proprietors a way to make reference of the system establishment.