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Journal articles on the topic 'Producer cooperative'
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1
Mizik, Tamas. "Bonusz Agro Cooperative: loan options." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0113.
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Cooperation of producers is essential in agricultural production. The producer group is the official organization of the European arable sector. The Bonusz Agro producer group was established in 2015, and its legal form is cooperative. They use cooperative principles such as the democratic decision-making process ‘one member – one vote’ principle for both significant and insignificant decisions, unlike some other cooperatives. The management of the cooperative is considering investing in a new industrial site. This new site will be for cleaning/drying the produce, and storing it in a new storage facility, among other things. The company currently lacks sufficient financial resources to make this investment possible. One of the obstacles to obtaining the necessary finances is the lack of collateral the organization has control over. This case study examines the investment decision. The main focus is on how the organization can enlist the contribution of all members. The most delicate part of the decision-making dilemma is that all members would have to offer some of their own assets as collateral. These assets would be part of their agricultural land, which is necessary to obtain the required external financial resources from banks.
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Alho, E. "Survey evidence of members’ willingness to invest in agricultural hybrid cooperatives." Journal on Chain and Network Science 16, no. 1 (September 14, 2016): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2014.0006.
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Agricultural producer organisations face tight competition in global food and agricultural markets. The opportunities for cooperatives to acquire growth capital are restricted to member contributions, which poses a financial handicap in competition against investor-owned firms. Innovative cooperative structures have emerged as a response to the competitive pressures. For many, gaining access to growth capital from investors has been the reason for departing from the traditional cooperative organisational structure. This study examined whether farmers, as members and owners of agricultural producer cooperatives, are willing to invest in cooperative growth. By using the members of two large Finnish meat producer cooperatives as a sample we were able to utilise the variability in investor-owned firm structures, in which the members have both direct and indirect ownership in two layers of the agricultural producer organisation. A questionnaire study was conducted, including a contingent rating task in which farmers stated the point in the hybrid organisation chain at which they preferred to invest. The results indicated that the majority of farmers were willing to invest and the tendency increased with farm size. The average investment sum is considerable relative to the current capital contribution of an average member. The most preferred form was traditional cooperative capital, while a comparison of investment alternatives suggested that farmers are not yet receptive to new transferable cooperative shares. Retaining control appears important to producers. Farmer commitment erodes when the firm is in financial difficulties. Less member capital is available to save the firm from a cash crisis compared to a scenario of investments improving competitiveness.
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Kheir, Kamal Hamdy Aboul. "Cooperation in the Arab Countries: An Overview." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 3, no. 2 (January 1990): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9000300202.
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Cooperation is wide in scope in the Arab Region encompassing both the Al-Mahgreb and Al-Mashreq. In discussing the extent and general nature of cooperative movements in this diverse region that also shares many commonalities, countries of Africa, the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula will be assessed based on primary research experience coupled with personal contacts with leaders of cooperative movements in the Arab Region. It is found that cooperatives whether consumer, producer or agricultural cooperatives are viewed as a viable economic alternative for development.
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Koutsou, Stavriani, and Panagiota Sergaki. "Producers’ cooperative products in short food supply chains: consumers’ response." British Food Journal 122, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2018-0297.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate an innovation concerning a short food supply chain (SFSC) created by a newly established producers’ cooperative in Greece that sells fresh milk to consumers via automatic vending machines; the consumers’ response toward this innovation; and the financial performance of the cooperative. Design/methodology/approach The case study focused on consumer’s attitudes toward the cooperative’s fresh milk sold by automatic vending machines and the cooperative’s financial performance. A structured questionnaire was answered by 912 consumers in Thessaloniki during 2015 and analyzed using the IBM SPSS STATISTICS program, version 22. Additionally, the cooperative’s financial data (2012–2015) were used in order to calculate its financial performance. Findings The authors identified five unique consumer categories according to consumer motive, of which social motives are considered in the sample as the most important. The cooperative’s financial indicators are satisfying, especially taking into consideration the severe economic crisis in Greece over the past years. Research limitations/implications It is difficult to evaluate Thesgala as there exists no similar producer cooperative in SFSCs in Greece. The cooperative is recently established and therefore financial indicators represent a short time period. Practical implications Producers, especially small ones in remote or peri-urban areas, can be involved in a SFCS and reach consumers via their cooperatives (or by founding a cooperative). Producer’s cooperatives can include SFSCs in their strategic planning in order to stimulate changes in the food system for the benefit of both producers and consumers. Social implications Policy makers should orient the appropriate policy measures to support SFSCs for the benefit of society as a whole. Originality/value The research investigates an SFSC that was created as a producer’s initiative (not a consumer’s) via their cooperative. It advances knowledge of how to initiate changes in the food system.
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Sachdeva, J. K. "Study of Consumers’ perceptions about Malls and Traditional Retail Outlets." Journal of Global Economy 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v4i4.107.
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Cooperative marketing is not new to India. To get the economies of scale, Indian craftsmen and traders made shrenies or groups of similar products and trade during 6th and 7th centuries. This was the basis of caste system. The villages during medieval and British period grew with cooperative trade. Cooperative marketing is just an extension and application of the philosophy of cooperation in the area of agricultural marketing. It is a process of marketing through a cooperative society, formed for the producers, by the producers. It seeks to eliminate the middlemen between the producer and the consumer, thus getting the maximum price for their produce. Kirana shops are traditional retail outlets in India. However with the advent of new cooperative marketing with modern all-facility malls, there is general perception that retails consumers are getting skewed towards malls and consequently Kirana stores are experiencing tough competition to retain their customers. This paper is an attempt to know consumers’ perception of Malls and Kriana stores.
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Pronko, Lyudmila, Irina Furman, Anatolii Kucher, and Yaroslav Gontaruk. "Formation of a State Support Program for Agricultural Producers in Ukraine Considering World Experience." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n1p364.
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In our paper we researched the state regulation in agriculture of Ukraine, as well as world experience in this field. The distribution of state financing for support of agricultural production is analyzed. We singled out the direction of state support to the agrarian sector of Ukraine. The directions of organizational reforming of households in the market conditions are investigated. The variants of integration of households of the population into more consolidated economic forms are offered. The priority of the development of cooperatives in agriculture has been argued. The positive experience of state support of servicing cooperation is considered on the example of «The Benefits of the Development of Personal Peasant, Farmers, Cooperative Movement in the Village and Advice Service for 2016-2020» of the Vinnytsia Region. The prospects of creation of cooperatives for the provision of oilseeds processing services for the energy needs of agribusinesses and provision of livestock feed with forages are argued. The prospects for realization of the program of development of agricultural servicing cooperatives within the boundaries of Ukraine are outlined.
Keywords: agrarian policy, agribusiness development program, agricultural servicing cooperative agriculture, cooperation, food safety, energy security, enterprise-agro producer, integration of farms, state support of agrarian sector
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Kamshad, Kimya M. "A model of the free-entry producer cooperative." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 68, no. 2 (June 1997): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8292.00044.
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Chaudhary, H., and J. S. Panwar. "Dairy cooperative societies-Perceptions of milk producer members." Social Change 34, no. 3 (September 2004): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570403400304.
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Vaznonis, Vytautas. "Creation of producer organisations as opportunity of agricultural cooperation development in Lithuania." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 36, no. 2 (June 11, 2014): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2014.040.
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The imperfection of the agri-food market determines the low power of single farmer in the market; therefore it creates the need of cooperation. The creation of producer organisations generates the new opportunities for development of farmers’ cooperation. The aim of the research is to evaluate effects and possibilities of producer organisations creation in Lithuania. For achieving the research aim the analysis of the essence and the content of the producer organisation was done, the results of support application for producer organisations creation in Lithuania were analysed, the creation and activity effects of producer organisations were revealed. Having done the analysis of laws of Lithuanian Republic it was determined that the most appropriate legal form of producer organisation is the cooperative. The proposals for farmers, especially for small ones, about the consolidation to producer organisations are introduced.
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Ebrahimi, Ali, Julia Schwartzman, and Otto X. Cordero. "Multicellular behaviour enables cooperation in microbial cell aggregates." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1786 (October 7, 2019): 20190077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0077.
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Oligosaccharides produced from the extracellular hydrolysis of biological materials can act as common goods that promote cooperative growth in microbial populations, whereby cell–cell aggregation increases both the per capita availability of resources and the per-cell growth rate. However, aggregation can also have detrimental consequences for growth, as gradients form within aggregates limiting the resource accessibility. We built a computational model, which predicts cooperation is restricted in dense cell aggregates larger than 10 µm because of the emergence of polymer and oligomer counter gradients. We compared these predictions to experiments performed with two well-studied alginate-degrading strains of Vibrio splendidus , which varied in their ability to secrete alginate lyase. We observed that both strains can form large aggregates (less than 50 µm), overcoming diffusion limitation by rearranging their internal structure. The stronger enzyme producer grew non-cooperatively and formed aggregates with internal channels that allowed exchange between the bulk environment and the aggregate, whereas the weak enzyme producer showed strongly cooperative growth and formed dense aggregates in which cells near the core mixed by active swimming. Our simulations suggest that the mixing and channelling reduce diffusion limitation and allow cells to uniformly grow in aggregates. Together, these data demonstrate that bacterial behaviour can help overcome competition imposed by resource gradients within cell aggregates. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
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Begajo, Tesfaye Megiso, Yidenek Woldesenbet Bilina, and Gubay Aniley Getie. "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices in Coffee Producer Farmers’ Cooperative Unions: The Case of Bench-Maji, Kaffa, and Sheka Zones, South Western Ethiopia." World Journal of Business and Management 5, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v5i1.14224.
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The seventh ICA principle of "concern for community" clearly urges the cooperatives to carry out sustainable community development activities. Even though the cooperatives are serving the community directly or indirectly, their sight to the concept Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not clearly considered by their members, academicians, and the government. The objective of this study was to assess the corporate social responsibility practices performed by Coffee Producer Farmers’ Cooperative Unions at the study area. In this study primary and secondary data source were used. The size of respondents was 395 members of Cooperative Society and 50 Government officials. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The finding shows that there are job creation, supply of agricultural input, and expansion of coffee processing industry for serving both members and non-members, whereas drawback on the awareness creation to the community, participation of community in planning, implementing, and evaluating community projects, inconsistent allocation of community fund, and financial statements at unions’ offices for CSR budget. Therefore, management of the unions should participate the community during planning, implementing, and evaluating socially responsible projects, cooperative social responsibility practices should be thoroughly supervised and supported by the government, cooperatives from their annual surplus should allocate community fund, both GOs and NGOs working on sustainable development activity at the area must work with cooperatives, and Cooperatives have to maintain separate book of account to record financial activities of cooperative social responsibility practices.
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Oktavia, Soverani, and Tuti Karyani. "EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY TO SATISFACTION OF CPMC (COOPERATIVE PRODUCER OF MARGAMULYA COFFEE) MEMBERS IN SUBDISTRICT PANGALENGAN." Jurnal AGRISEP 16, no. 2 (August 4, 2017): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.16.2.155-164.
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Cooperative is a business entity that based on kinship and provides services to its members. Service quality of a cooperative affects the members' satisfaction. The existence of service quality is one of the reasons for members to join and contribute to cooperative. KPKM (Cooperative Producer of Coffee Margamulya) as one of the producer cooperative in Bandung Regency provides services to its member who were coffee producers in Margamulya Village. The purpose of this researched (1) to analyze the influence of KPKM service quality toward its member satisfaction (2) to analyze the influence of each service quality dimension to satisfaction of KPKM members. This research uses quantitative method by using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of analysis shows that there was positive influence between service quality of the cooperative and satisfaction of the members. Members' satisfaction can be explained by the service quality as much as 74.9 percent. Based on each quality dimension, the satisfaction of the members was not influenced by the dimensions of responsiveness.Keywords: Cooperative, Quality Service, Satisfaction
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Wan, Xianglan. "Cooperation and Game between Producers and Managers Based on the Linear Contract." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/547136.
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There is a cooperative game between the manager and the producer in the enterprise. In this paper, we firstly construct the cooperative game model based on the principal-agent theory. Under the conditions of Nash equilibrium and linear contract, the paper calculates the net income of the client, the total risk and welfare of the agents when the agents have the cooperation or not. The result shows that the correlation coefficient between their output has a direct relationship with the cooperation. Secondly, according to the power distribution theory another model is developed. We analyze the game process and critical state. Furthermore, we deduce the share proportion of the profit and the control size when they have the cooperation. Finally, we summarize all the research achievements, which are of universal significance for the practical cooperation game problems.
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Estrin, Saul, and Derek C. Jones. "The Viability of Employee-Owned Firms: Evidence from France." ILR Review 45, no. 2 (January 1992): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500209.
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This study examines data on French producer cooperatives for the years 1970–79 to test the widely accepted theoretical prediction that employee-owned firms either will fail as commercial undertakings or degenerate into capitalist firms as the proportion of hired workers who are not members of the cooperative firm increases. Contrary to this prediction, the authors find a high rate of survival among the producer cooperatives studied, with many cooperatives still healthy after fifty years of operation, and they find no evidence of degeneration—either in terms of the proportion of hired workers, productivity, profitability, or capital-intensity. The findings do, however, suggest that the firms' financial structure became increasingly inefficient with age.
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Abell, Peter. "Supporting Industrial Cooperatives in Developing Countries: Some Tanzanian Experiences." Economic and Industrial Democracy 11, no. 4 (November 1990): 483–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x9001100403.
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This paper draws upon both case-study and statistical materials, gathered in Tanzania, in an attempt to determine how industrial producer cooperatives might be promoted. A logistic pattern of cooperative growth is tested and found to dominate a view that the number of coops grows because of support organizations. Drawing upon an ecological model it is suggested that the factor which limits growth is the availability of management and, further, that the growth of the competing 'small-scale sector' is at the expense of the cooperative sector. Management nurtured in the cooperative sector moves into the small-scale sector. Case-study analysis using a Boolean analysis suggests that legitimate and capable management are essential to success of cooperatives particularly with technologies which generate production interdependencies. Finally, supporting evidence for the significance of management competence and interdependence in explaining performance is outlined using an augmented CobbDouglas production function framework.
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Dr.V.R.Palanivelu, Dr V. R. Palanivelu, and V. Kalaiselvi V.Kalaiselvi. "A Study on Working Capital Management of Salem District Cooperative Milk Producer Union Ltd, Salem." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 7 (June 15, 2012): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/july2014/60.
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Siebert, Stephen F., James P. Lassoie, and Mark B. Lapping. "Fuelwood Cooperatives: Their Role and Development in the Northeastern United States." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.4.137.
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Abstract Characteristics of and requirements for successful establishment and operation of fuelwood cooperatives were assessed by evaluating nine currently or recently operating New England fuelwood cooperatives. Three types of cooperatives were identified—consumer, processing, and producer. The importance of maximizing local member-patron participation in all facets of cooperative action and of restricting government and professional forestry involvement to educational and forestry assistance are illustrated. Churches are identified as a potential source of assistance in attempts to establish and operate fuelwood cooperatives. North. J. Appl. For. 3:137-139, Dec. 1986.
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Hviid, Morten. "The Treatment of Horizontal Agreements Aimed at Solving Incentive Problems." Antitrust Bulletin 65, no. 3 (June 8, 2020): 340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x20929124.
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If a group of horizontal rivals gets together to agree on a way to structure efficient production, are they violating competition law? The issue could arise where a group of producers of agricultural products gets together to form a cooperative or even where professionals in the same field get together in a partnership. On the face of it, each supply agreement between the producer and the cooperative or partnership is vertical, but the design of the collective rules, which govern for all, involves horizontal coordination. This article takes as the starting point the example of dairy cooperatives as they emerged in the later part of the nineteenth century as a solution to a challenge offered by new technology. We use the landmark contract law case of McEllistrim v. Ballymacelligott Cooperative to illustrate the ways in which competition law could be engaged when cooperatives are formed. Comparisons of Ireland and Denmark in the period leading up to the decision suggest that not only might the restraint be ancillary, but if not, it reduced costs, increased quality, and was welcomed by consumers (though these were in England rather than in Denmark or Ireland). The restraint also appears essential in some form, suggesting that either ancillarity or the application of Art. 101(3) Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union would have allowed the restraint to be used.
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Oliver, Nick. "Coordination and Control in a Small Producer Cooperative: Dynamics and Dilemmas." Economic and Industrial Democracy 10, no. 4 (November 1989): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x89104003.
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Bhandari, Hemlal, Thaneshwar Bhandari, Krishna Prasad Timsina, and Hari Krishna Panta. "Supply chain efficiency of Tomato in Kathmandu valley." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33232.
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Past studies kept attention on the supply side or value chain aspects of tomato but not kept attention to the supply chain efficiency. To measure supply-side efficiencies in tomato sub-sector, this survey research organized an interview schedule with the randomly selected eighty households in Kirtipur, Chandragiri, Changunarayan, and Godawori municipalities of Kathmandu valley during April to June 2018 with semi structured questionnaire. Study estimated NRs 8,26,144/ha as net profit of tomato grown under tunnel was nearly 44% higher compared to open field condition. Further five types of marketing channels prevailed for tomato market were; channel first (producer-retailer-consumer), channel second (producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer), channel third (produce-cooperative-retailer-consumer), channel fourth (producer-collector-wholesaler-retailer-consumer) and channel fifth (producer-wholesaler-processor-wholesaler-retailer-consumer) but most dominant was the fourth one since 45% of the fresh tomato supplied through it especially to save time and avoid all possible drudgery in the market. The marketing margin per kilogram of tomato was the lowest (NRs.16.55) in the third channel and the highest (NRs. 39.2) in the fifth channel while the highest market efficiency was 1.27 for the third channel. The producer’s share was highest for the third channel (66.33%) and lowest for fifth channel (39.88%). followed by 1st channel (63.72%) and lowest in 5th channel (39.88%). In order to promote a coordinated and most efficient supply chain, the study suggested the most dominant, low marketing margin and highly efficient supply channel for tomato so that tomato producers would get a high share. Rather than a private one, either group marketing or cooperatives are suggested to involve in fresh tomato marketing.
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Sarker, Debnarayan, and Bikash Ghosh. "Milk marketing under cooperative and non-cooperative marketing channels: Evidence from west Bengal." Ekonomski anali 55, no. 187 (2010): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1087087s.
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The present study is an attempt to empirically investigate the price spread, marketing costs, marketing margins, marketing efficiency, and profit efficiency among market middlemen under cooperative and non-cooperative marketing channels in the domestic trade market of liquid milk in West Bengal. One of the important findings of this study is that, although the inter-market (and intramarket) price variation for liquid milk under the cooperative marketing agency in not far from uniformity, and all marketing agencies under cooperative channels receive much lower abnormal profit per unit of milk as compared with non-cooperative channels, the former fails to provide much economic benefit, either to the producer or to the consumer, because of the burden of much higher fixed cost per unit of liquid milk.
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Chen, Jin, Linghui Han, and Guannan Qu. "Citizen Innovation: Exploring the Responsibility Governance and Cooperative Mode of a “Post-Schumpeter” Paradigm." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040172.
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It has become a burgeoning trend for the innovation paradigm to shift from producer-dominant to non-producer centric. Based on a critical review of the non-producer innovation literature, we identified several limitations of existing non-producer innovation paradigms—grassroots innovation, free innovation, common innovation, and social innovation—along two critical dimensions: responsibility governance of innovation outcomes and effective organizing form for collaborative innovation. To address the theoretical gaps in existing non-producer innovation research, we propose citizen innovation (CI) as a new integrated innovation paradigm to balance these two dimensions by focusing on citizens’ unique role as innovators. In the paper, we discuss CI’s theoretical framework from three aspects: (1) citizen participation in innovation; (2) open collaborative innovation as the organizing form; (3) the process and incentive mechanisms of citizen innovation. We also offer two real-world examples to support the main propositions and mechanisms of CI. To conclude, we reflect on the limitations of the current research and discuss future directions for CI research.
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Toledo, Eli Fernando. "Cafeicultura e desenvolvimento territorial: as cooperativas de café no sul de Minas Gerais." Caderno de Geografia 29, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2019v29n2p264-280.
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As cooperativas são entidades que visam, através da convergência de interesses, oferecer qualidade para a produção dos cooperados, esses agrupamentos socioeconômicos detêm vigorosos laços com os territórios que os acolhem. A cafeicultura e toda a cadeia produtiva que a envolve possui relevância histórica, econômica e geográfica para o Brasil e para o estado de Minas Gerais, o qual é o maior produtor nacional. Mais especificamente para o Sul de Minas, o café e seus aparelhos produtivos são relevantes pilares para o Desenvolvimento Local e Regional. O presente trabalho objetiva averiguar quais são as cooperativas de café presentes na mesorregião Sul e Sudoeste de Minas e compreender os múltiplos vínculos que fazem das cooperativas instrumentos tão imprescindíveis para a geografia econômica do recorte espacial pesquisado. Essa investigação faz parte do programa “Cafeicultura como projeto socioeconômico para o Desenvolvimento Regional” amparado pelo Observatório do Mundo do Trabalho do IFSULDEMINAS. Palavras-chave: Cooperativas de Café, Sul de Minas, Desenvolvimento Local/Regional, Geografia Econômica.AbstractThe cooperatives are entities that aim, through the convergence of interests, to offer quality for the production of the cooperative, these socioeconomic groups have strong ties with the territories that host them. The coffee industry and the entire production chain that surrounds it has historical, economic and geographical relevance for Brazil and for the state of Minas Gerais, which is the largest national producer. More specifically for the South of Minas, coffee and its productive apparatus are essential pillars for local and Regional Development. The present work purpose of finding out which coffee cooperatives are present in the South and Southwest mesoregion of Minas Gerais and to understand the multiple bonds that make the cooperative instruments so essential for the economic geography of the researched space. This research is part of the program "Coffee as a socioeconomic project for Regional Development" supported by the Observatório do Mundo do Trabalho of IFSULDEMINAS.Keywords: Coffee Cooperatives, South of Minas, Local/Regional Development, Economic Geography.
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Bishaw, Badege. "An Afforestation Programme in the Legeambo Farmers' Producer Cooperative, Harerge Highlands, Ethiopia." Mountain Research and Development 8, no. 2/3 (May 1988): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673455.
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Booth, Douglas E. "The Problems of Corporate Bureaucracy and the Producer Cooperative as in Alternative." Review of Social Economy 43, no. 3 (December 1985): 298–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00346768500000033.
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Baldassarri, Delia. "Cooperative Networks: Altruism, Group Solidarity, Reciprocity, and Sanctioning in Ugandan Producer Organizations." American Journal of Sociology 121, no. 2 (September 2015): 355–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/682418.
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Kovács, Zoltán. "Moral hazard in producer organizations - some experiences of an empirical survey." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 10, no. 4-5 (December 31, 2016): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2016/4-5/10.
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A wide range of empirical experiences shows that the performance of Hungarian producer organizations (aka TÉSZ) significantly falls behind the activity observed in the developed Western European countries. Regarding this issue, the present study examines how moral hazard - as one of the possible reasons - influences the producers’ activities in cooperative organizations. Information for the research was collected with the help of a questionnaire survey among the members of PaprikaKert TÉSZ Ltd. A statistical path model has been developed for the research, which assumed that - in addition to a direct effect - moral hazard also affects collaborative activity by eroding trust. The statistical model has been tested both in member-member and members-management relations. The experiences from the survey clearly show that moral hazard exists in the producer organization. According to my results, though its measure cannot be regarded numerically considerable, its negative effect on cooperative activity can be proved with statistical examinations. Its effect can be divided into two aspects: besides a direct effect, an indirect one can also be detected, which means that moral hazard is able to reduce producers’ willingness to cooperate by eroding trust. Moreover, our results have clearly pointed out that moral hazard has a negative impact on member-member and members-management relations to varying degrees and through different mechanisms. In addition to the above tests, the empirical testing of another model called Sholtes trust model has been carried out, too. The validating was successful, so the model - which attributes trust to the faith in the partner’s loyalty and capability - is basically acceptable. The argument says that high-level trust can be observed among partners only when faith both in loyalty and capability is strong enough. The research, however, revealed that the above-mentioned two factors determine it in a different way: regarding trust between members, the faith in capability is more important; while trust towards the management is more determined by faith in loyalty.
JEL code: Q12, Q13
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Archetti, Marco. "Collapse of Intra-Tumor Cooperation Induced by Engineered Defector Cells." Cancers 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 3674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153674.
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Anti-cancer therapies promote clonal selection of resistant cells that evade treatment. Effective therapy must be stable against the evolution of resistance. A potential strategy based on concepts from evolutionary game theory is to impair intra-tumor cooperation using genetically modified cells in which genes coding for essential growth factors have been knocked out. Such engineered cells would spread by clonal selection, driving the collapse of intra-tumor cooperation and a consequent reduction in tumor growth. Here, I test this idea in vitro in four cancer types (neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer, mesothelioma, lung adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma). A reduction, or even complete eradication, of the producer clone and the consequent reduction in cell proliferation, is achieved in some but not all cases by introducing a small fraction of non-producer cells in the population. I show that the collapse of intra-tumor cooperation depends on the cost/benefit ratio of growth factor production. When stable cooperation among producer and non-producer cells occurs, its collapse can be induced by increasing the number of growth factors available to the cells. Considerations on nonlinear dynamics in the framework of evolutionary game theory explain this as the result of perturbation of the equilibrium of a system that resembles a public goods game, in which the production of growth factors is a cooperative phenotype. Inducing collapse of intra-tumor cooperation by engineering cancer cells will require the identification of growth factors that are essential for the tumor and that have a high cost of production for the cell.
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Rath, Dilip, and Yogesh C. Joshi. "A Holistic Manure Management Model by Leveraging Dairy Cooperative Network." International Journal of Rural Management 16, no. 2 (September 20, 2020): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005220950520.
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India continues to remain the world’s largest milk producer largely due to the efforts of millions of small and marginal dairy farmers and an efficient dairy value chain established through institutional structures in the form of dairy cooperatives. While the efforts to strengthen dairy value chain are continuing, the potential of dung of dairy animals as a key by-product remains largely unexplored. Animal dung is generally used in India as agriculture input and cooking fuel. Innovation of anaerobic digesters in the last century did provide an option of extracting biogas from dung. At the same time, a proper value addition of bioslurry produced from the biogas does have an immense potential to satisfy fertiliser needs in India. India’s 303 million strong bovine population has the capacity to produce 995 million tonnes of recoverable dung having potential to suffice cooking fuel need of entire rural households, and at the same time can significantly contribute in reducing use of chemical fertilisers by using digestate/slurry as replacement. This article attempts to explore the potential of animal manure as provider of energy and fertiliser. It also deliberates upon the attempt of National Dairy Development Board to establish manure value chain providing remunerative price of animal dung to farmers while satisfying their cooking needs and contributing towards mitigation of adverse environmental impact.
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P.K, Vijayan. "GROWTH PROSPECTS OF DAIRY COOPERATIVES- A CASE STUDY OF KERALA COOPERATIVE MILK MARKETING FEDERATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12493.
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India is the largestmilk producer in the world and dairy cooperatives are the backbone of Indian dairy industry. In Kerala, the Kerala Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation,popularly known as Milma,has played a significant role for the development of dairy business. But in the recent years even though the Federationcontinues to mark growth,the percentage of growth has beenfar below the growth of theprivate dairy sector. The study analysed the performance of KCMMF with respect to milk pourment and sale, and of the various welfare schemes of the Federation. The study revealed that the growth in the pourment of milk was not par with the growth of thesale of milk during the period of study. Only 14 percent of the total member farmers were pouringmilk to the dairy cooperatives. Huge amount spent by the Federation for implementing welfare schemes has notcreated a positive impact on the growth of milk pourment. The Federation has to adopt certain criteria to provide such welfare benefits to attract the lost member farmers, which will definitely help the Federation to achieve the very objectives of the welfare schemes.
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Zúniga Aguilar, Isaac. "Neuroeconomic Decisions in Cocoa Producers: Impact of Cooperative Innovation Methodology on Prospecting for Fair Trade Organic Niche as an Incentive for Agricultural Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 8373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158373.
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This article focuses on analyzing the neuroeconomic decisions in cocoa producers and the impact of this methodology on the productivity of fair trade organic cocoa producers on the population of Nuevo Bambamarca, province of Tocache, Peru. The main elements of the methodology are the incentive phase of associativity, the alignment phase to macro trends, the prospecting phase of the country to be exported to, the prospecting phase of the type of niche market, the prospecting phase of fair participation, the innovation and design phase of the prototype, the standardization phase of the raw material technical specifications for collection, the strengthening phase the producer’s commitment, the learning phase of the producer in crop management, and the evaluation phase of productivity in the field. This research study is pre-experimental, cross-sectional, explanatory, and descriptive. The experimental group made up of 20 fair trade organic cocoa producers of the Cooperativa Agroindustrial Naranjillo obtained on average a profitability of 143 EUR per campaign higher than the control group made up of 20 producers of conventional cocoa that did not belong to the cooperative who obtained a loss of −642 EUR per campaign, even with the same purchase price of 1.92 EUR per kg for both cases during the 2011 campaign. It is concluded that Hypothesis 1 is met, it shows that the cooperative innovation methodology of prospecting for fair trade organic niche encourages the productivity of producers of the experimental group with respect to the control group.
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Baranyai, Zsolt, Zoltan Kovacs, and Arpad Papp-Vary. "THE EFFECT OF TRUST ON THE PERFORMANCE AND STATISFACTION OF CO-OPERATIVE MEMBERS AT THE ’PAPRIKAKERTÉSZ’ PRODUCER ORGANISATION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1153.
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The paper examines the impact of trust in an agricultural marketing cooperative. The aim is to explore how the trust among members and between members and management affect the commitment of members towards the cooperative (group cohesion) and their satisfaction with the cooperative. Trust is examined from two dimensions: cognitive and affective. Our results have clearly proved that trust has a positive impact on group cohesion and satisfaction. According to the experiences, however, the impact of examined dimensions of trust is differentiated: the statistical models regarded the impact of affective dimensions on group cohesion and members’ satisfaction more important than the impact of cognitive dimension.
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Oliver, Nick. "Commitment and Satisfaction in Producer Co-operatives: the Role of Work Values." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 2, no. 2 (July 1987): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x8700200205.
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Although the arguments put forward in support of producer co-operatives span many levels—from the advantages for the national economy to the benefits for individuals—much of the promotion of co-operatives emphasizes the supposed advantages of cooperative working at the individual and organizational levels. It is argued that working in a co-operative can be more satisfying than working in a traditional business, and that the greater commitment sometimes found amongst the membership of cooperatives may enhance their performance relative to comparable traditional businesses. The evidence from studies into attitudes in co-operatives indicates that the picture is less clear cut than this; some people appear to find the experience of co-operative working a satisfying one, some perceive it to be virtually indistinguishable from working in a traditional business, others become cynical and disillusioned. This paper examines responses to co-operative working in terms of the commitment and satisfaction among the members of a large well established co-operative. The role of different work values in determining commitment and satisfaction is explored, and the implications of the findings for the promotion of co-operatives discussed.
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Akwabi-Ameyaw, Kofi. "Producer cooperative resettlement projects in Zimbabwe: Lessons from a failed agricultural development strategy." World Development 25, no. 3 (March 1997): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(96)00106-4.
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O'Brien, Siobhán, Adela M. Luján, Steve Paterson, Michael A. Cant, and Angus Buckling. "Adaptation to public goods cheats in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1859 (July 26, 2017): 20171089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1089.
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Cooperation in nature is ubiquitous, but is susceptible to social cheats who pay little or no cost of cooperation yet reap the benefits. The effect such cheats have on reducing population productivity suggests that there is selection for cooperators to mitigate the adverse effects of cheats. While mechanisms have been elucidated for scenarios involving a direct association between producer and cooperative product, it is less clear how cooperators may suppress cheating in an anonymous public goods scenario, where cheats cannot be directly identified. Here, we investigate the real-time evolutionary response of cooperators to cheats when cooperation is mediated by a diffusible public good: the production of iron-scavenging siderophores by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . We find that siderophore producers evolved in the presence of a high frequency of non-producing cheats were fitter in the presence of cheats, at no obvious cost to population productivity. A novel morphotype independently evolved and reached higher frequencies in cheat-adapted versus control populations, exhibiting reduced siderophore production but increased production of pyocyanin—an extracellular toxin that can also increase the availability of soluble iron. This suggests that cooperators may have mitigated the negative effects of cheats by downregulating siderophore production and upregulating an alternative iron-acquisition public good. More generally, the study emphasizes that cooperating organisms can rapidly adapt to the presence of anonymous cheats without necessarily incurring fitness costs in the environment they evolve in.
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Jossa, Bruno. "Investment funding: the main problem facing labour-managed firms?" ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 2 (June 2010): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2010-002002.
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This paper investigates the funding difficulties of producer cooperatives and the potential risks for their financers. It claims that a cooperative requiring members to underwrite bonds will not automatically cease being an LMF (labour-managed firms), nor run the risk of under-investing. The paper also claims that an LMF-type firm will not necessarily tend to make high-risk investments because the link that binds LMF members to their firm is closer than that between shareholders and capitalist firms. Further claims are advanced and discussed to confute the widespread assumption that LMFs have no way out of their funding difficulties.
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Ossa, Ralph. "Profits in the “New Trade” Approach to Trade Negotiations." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.466.
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I highlight two advantages of adopting a “new trade” approach to trade negotiations. First, it allows for a view of trade negotiations in which producer interests play a prominent role. And second, it lends itself naturally to quantitative analyses of non-cooperative and cooperative trade policy. My specific focus is on profit shifting effects through which countries can gain at the expense of one another.
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Vonna, Adinda Gusti, Indra Indra, and Agus Nugroho. "Market Analysis of Patchouli Oil in Aceh Jaya Aceh Province." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 9 (November 26, 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i9.2207.
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Patchouli from Aceh is a source of patchouli oil producer with the best quality in the world. Aceh Jaya is one of the areas that is very suitable for the development of patchouli cultivation in Aceh and produces patchouli oil which exported to abroad. In the marketing process will involve institutions marketing institutions whose role is to convey the results of production from producer farmers to consumers. This research was conducted to determine the structure, behavior and performance of the patchouli market in the patchouli marketing process in Aceh Jaya. The method used was in-depth interviews assisted by questionnaires to be analyzed in a qualitative description by using Concentration Ratio for The Biggest Four (CR4). The results of the study showed that, the patchouli oil market structure in Aceh Jaya was highly concentrated and leads to monopoly, while the behavior of marketing institutions in determining the choice of patchouli oil marketing channels in Aceh Jaya was divided into 3 types namely, channel 1: farmers- small collectors-cooperatives-exporters-consumers; channel 2: farmer – small collector- bog collector- exporter-consumer; channel 3: farmer-cooperative-exporter-consumer. Judging from the marketing margin and farmer's share, the most efficient market performance was channel 3.
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Altiman, Irene. "“Growing” a sustainable community: Health, food, and development at the Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation." Papers in Canadian Economic Development 16 (February 6, 2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v16i0.63.
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How can a First Nation community become sustainable and not be primarily reliant on government financing and services? Economic development is one major tool towards this sustainability. The small community of Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation (AOK), located on Manitoulin Island, has the opportunity to become the top producer and supplier of organic produce in Northern Ontario. This paper explores local CSA, food cooperative, greenhouse, and aquaponics operations as means to reach this goal.Keywords: First Nations, sustainability, agriculture, food, healthy communities
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Susanty, Aries, Arfan Bakhtiar, Ferry Jie, and Mustofa Muthi. "The empirical model of trust, loyalty, and business performance of the dairy milk supply chain." British Food Journal 119, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2016-0462.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure and evaluate the relationship between collaborative communication, power dependence, price satisfaction, trust, supplier loyalty, and business performance. Design/methodology/approach Data used in this study were primary data which were collected through personal interviews and closed questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. The sample consisted of 170 individual dairy farmer and several dairy cooperatives, which were located in Central Java Province (Boyolali and Semarang Districts) and West Java Province (West Bandung District). The study used partial least squares with the aid of the SmartPLS software program to analyze the hypothesis. Findings The results of hypothesis testing indicate that collaborative communication and price satisfaction had a significant positive effect on trust for Central Java and West Java Province. Meanwhile, power dependence had a significant negative effect on trust only for West Java Province. Trust had a significant positive effect on supplier loyalty for both of the two provinces. Significant positive effect of supplier loyalty on business performance was supported in Central Java Province, whereas in West Java Province, supplier loyalty had a positive but not significant effect on business performance. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is related to the number of samples, the type of scale used to measure a business performance, and the focus that is only on the relationship between the fargmers and cooperative to improve the performance of cooperative without considering the role of management. So, the future research may replicate this study in another region or in the other contexts of agribusiness sector that usually depends on farmer as a producer of the raw material. It may also enhance the measurement of business performance of dairy cooperative by using a direct measure of financial performance and non-financial performance and broaden the scope of research into the role of management of dairy cooperative. Practical implications It is recommended that managers of dairy cooperatives always involve the farmers when making marketing decisions especially concerning prices, products, market, and promotion. As organizational stakeholders, their involvement is vital in determining the ability of the dairy to achieve its goals. The other recommendation is the managers of cooperatives must have a clear policy on the price of milk, and this policy should indicate the transparency and accountability. Then, regarding the long-term benefit of dairy cooperative, it is recommended for dairy cooperatives to add the value of the milk so they can access wider markets, which, in turn, will maximize returns to the members. Based on this recommendation, it is better if the dairy cooperative in Indonesia not only serves as a marketing cooperative, but also serves as a farm supply cooperative which may process or formulate the milk into a more valuable product. Social implications The research confirms that individual dairy farmer’s loyalty can benefit the business of dairy cooperative. It may encourage more dairy cooperative to tap the good relationship with the individual dairy farmer at the initial stage of the economic growth of their business. Intensifying competition between dairy cooperatives would potentially bring even better quality and quantity of milk from the loyal dairy farmer. Originality/value Although this research used the conceptual model from the previous study, this research will make some improvement. First, it used more indicators to measure each dimension of the construct, and the investigation was slightly more complex and broader since the object of the research was represented by two regions, namely, Central Java Province and West Java Province.
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Getnet, Kindie, Geremew Kefyalew, and Wassie Berhanu. "On the power and influence of the cooperative institution: Does it secure competitive producer prices?" World Development Perspectives 9 (March 2018): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2018.04.001.
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Mourya, Mamta, and Madhavi Mehta. "Farmer Producer Company: India’s Magic Bullet to Realise Select SDGs?" International Journal of Rural Management 17, no. 1_suppl (March 23, 2021): 115S—147S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005221991660.
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Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are designed for the betterment of the underprivileged and the marginalised. Some of the sub-goals target doubling agricultural productivity and incomes of the small-scale food producers to realise the SDGs. Access to land, technology, inputs and financial services, opportunities for value addition and markets, non-farm employment and effective and transparent institutions that ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels are assumed to be the means to that end. Based on the Alagh Committee report’s recommendations, to address the voids in the existing form of collectives, producer company as a new legal option was introduced in 2003 by amending the Companies Act. This new form of collective is expected to combine efficiency and professional management of the company form and the cooperative principles necessitating ownership and participation of and governance by producers. This study takes a mixed-method approach. It qualitatively inquires about member’s perception of roles farmer producer companies (FPCs) play in their lives and livelihood. With the help of performance data from five FPCs, this study elaborates on the promises this form holds in realising some of the SDGs and challenges FPCs facing that could make achieving these promises a distant dream.
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Seetharaman, S. P., and G. Srinivasan. "Financial Reporting System for Producers' Cooperatives: A New Framework." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 11, no. 3 (July 1986): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919860302.
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The cooperative form of venture is gaining popularity as an avenue of socioeconomic development. A cooperative differs from a joint stock company in that it is an enterprise which has two aspects, institutional aspect and the business aspect, both equally important. The financial reporting system currently followed by the cooperatives does not do justice to both these aspects since it treats members of a cooperative as mere vendors. S P Seetharaman and G Srinivasan argue in this article that the members should be treated as divisions of the enterprise. They recommend a new framework for financial reporting system for producers' cooperatives which treats members as divisions, and thus presents a more accurate and comprehensive picture of cooperative's performance.
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Vrankić, Ilko, Mirjana Pejić Bach, and Mira Krpan. "Stackelberg Equilibrium of the Client and the Producer of Embedded Software." Business Systems Research Journal 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2014-0006.
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Abstract Background: Our research assumes that the software quality affects the product validity. This assumption also refers to embedded software. Objectives: This paper analyses the Stackelberg equilibrium in which the consumer is the leader and the producer of embedded software is the follower. Methods/Approach: A comparative statics analysis of a producer's reaction is carried out and confirms our intuition that the product price is positively correlated to the number of employees and the software quality. Results: An increase in wage has an adverse effect on producer’s reaction. Derived results are illustrated numerically and Stackelberg and cooperative equilibrium are compared. It is shown that the welfare loss is smaller with higher quality software for any number of employees. Conclusions: Although the equilibrium involves less employed workers, the optimal software quality is higher. The optimal product price is lower, which puts the consumer and the producer in a better position
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Puspasari, Novita, and Yudha Aryo Sudibyo. "No Guts, No Glory: Promoting Economic Independence of Brown Sugar Farmers Through Co-Operative." HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2019-0003.
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Abstract Banyumas regency is the largest producer of brown sugar in Indonesia. One location which produce brown sugar is in Ketanda Village. Unfortunately, most of brown sugar farmers have been trapped to bad middlemen for decades since they are lack of capital and market access. The farmers pay debt to middlemen with their sugar then the price is determined by the middleman. Moreover, middlemen buy brown sugar in much lower price than the market price. Both the buying price and the debt scheme determined by the middlemen are unfair to brown sugar farmers. This research used action research method. In the first step of action research, diagnosis, it was found that brown sugar farmers need an institution which can facilitate them to be free from middlemen, strengthen the farmers community, and also develop their business model. Therefore, the intervention made by gathering local actors and they committed to build a cooperative. There are two implications from this study. First, this study will enrich literature in cooperative as a social enterprise which has a main goal to manage social problem. Second, if successfully implemented, the cooperative model can be replicated in other regions to manage the same social problem, thus farmer’s economic independence will be achieved.
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Birru Goshu, Firdisa. "Economic Contributions of Jima Ganati Farmers’ Cooperative Union to Farmers: The Case of Maize Producer Farmers." International Journal of Health Economics and Policy 4, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.11.
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Ramos, Ricardo Rezende, and Marta Lucia Azevedo Ferreira. "Universidades, produtor e usuário gerando inovação e valor: um caso de sucesso nas redes temáticas da Petrobras." Sistemas & Gestão 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20985/1980-5160.2017.v1n1.1166.
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<p>This article discusses the topic of technological cooperation in the Brazilian oil sector from the perspective of academy-industry interactions and open innovation through a case study. We present the management of a cooperative Research and Development (R&D) project between two Brazilian universities, a national medium-sized supplier (producer) and Petrobras (user) within the framework of the C&T-Industry Integration Network in the National Productive Process (RICT), one of the thematic networks created by the operator to enable technological cooperation. We verified that the continuous and systemic interactions among the partners were essential for the development of technological innovation by integrating different fields of knowledge such as industrial networks, automation and mechanics and resulted in a new wireless communication system to be implemented in Petrobras industrial plants. In addition, the project generated value through the generation of specialized human resources, new scientific publications, research agendas, ideas, concepts and solutions, as well as the creation of a technology-based company. Despite the challenges inherent in the management of the cooperative multi-partner R&D project, the previous experience of academic research groups interacting with industry and the learning generated were of great relevance for both Petrobras and the supplier company.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
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Sakovska, Olena. "AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION: EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES FOR UKRAINE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-1-118-124.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the experience of agricultural cooperation in foreign countries, such as Sweden, Norway, Finland, Japan and apply it in Ukraine. The defining feature is that the existing agricultural cooperation in Ukraine is not backed up by proper legislation to integrate with the European countries. Analyzing the state of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine in comparison with foreign countries, the country remains a number of unresolved issues regarding its normal functioning, namely: the activation of international economic cooperation of Ukraine involving the development of a strategy for the effective functioning of agricultural cooperation, which is the basis for ensuring the various areas of rural development employment of rural population. In addition, agricultural cooperation stimulates the development of agrarian market infrastructure, plays an exceptional role in strengthening the economic potential, competitiveness and social status of agricultural producers, improving economic conditions and creating incentives for the growth of commodity products. However, so far its development is at a low level, the main reasons being the underestimation in the process of economic reforms of cooperative forms of economic activity, general unfavorable conditions for agricultural production, psychological unwillingness of peasants to cooperate and insufficient knowledge of the rural population about the benefits of cooperation, weak state support for small businesses in agribusiness and agricultural cooperatives. Methods. The countries of the West in every way stimulate the development of cooperation: by appropriate laws, privileges, subsidies. Ukraine needs to take the example from these countries in order to develop the cooperative movement, which will stimulate rural development. Results. Ukraine is trying to build on the experience of different countries in the field of agricultural cooperation, backing up on the best of the countries studied. Practical implications. Studies have shown that world experience convinces that cooperation has contributed to the development of many countries in the world. In Europe, for example, cooperatives are an important part of economic life and industry. Value/originality. Analyzing the activities of agricultural cooperatives operating in the world, we point out that the main advantage of combining agricultural producers in cooperatives is a grower group (union or cooperative) is considered as the only powerful organization that is able to buy large volumes of products and services and realize large volumes of production.
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Li, Xiao Fang. "A Methodology for the Emulation of Object-Oriented Languages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 6399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.6399.
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The refinement of the partition table has improved semaphores, and current trends suggest that the improvement of public-private key pairs will soon emerge. Given the current status of cooperative communication, theorists famously desire the natural unification of 802.11b and the producer-consumer problem . We disprove that simulated annealing can be made relational, unstable, and certifiable.
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Gorbanyuk, V. O. "The serving nonprofit cooperation and optimal pricing – the priority of agrar-ian reform in dairy farming of rural households in Ukraine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 91 (November 16, 2018): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9114.
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In recent years, the issue of the development of rural areas has been actively debated, and hopes for co-operation are in it. On the contrary, that exactly is the word co-operation has become used in our communication. However, the development of agricultural servicing cooperation, dominant in economies in developed countries, including the European Union, has not yet become dominant in Ukraine. Given the fact that Ukraine is a powerful agricultural country, the development of co-operation should promote the development of rural areas and guarantee food security. Today, the rural community is the foundation of building a civil society and reviving national traditions. Ukrainian village and peasantry was and remains the bearer of morality, national culture and ensuring a healthy lifestyle of the country. In the national and state dimensions, the relevance of the study of these problems is determined by the challenges of modern society, focused on globalization, which threatens the loss of national identity. One of the manifestations and consequences of this process is the increase of socio-economic decline and cultural degradation of the countryside, which has become an acute problem of the modern development of Ukraine and impedes the realization of all state-building potential. One way out of this crisis situation is to cultivate economic culture through the creation of a positive image of the rural owner and the implementation of the course declared by the state on the preservation and sustainable development of the countryside, introduction of effective economic mechanisms, raising the general and cultural level of the population and its welfare. In this regard, the cooperative sector of the economy fully meets the goals set by the society for highly effective transformation of the rural lifestyle of the Ukrainian peasantry, solving urgent issues of full employment, accelerating the formation of the middle class, and ensuring the country's food security. A decisive step towards a market economy is the accelerated growth of independent commodity producers – owners, individual, collective, cooperative, others, without which the market economy is impossible and this is precisely this, for our realities, is extremely important in the sense of the mandatory presence in it of a mass, fully developed service co-operation. The main essence of the service of cooperation is its main strategic principle connected with the association of agricultural producers with consumers of their products produced on the terms of payback and profitability of its production in a developed market economy. Co-operation (association) of citizens (households), other small commodity producers who produce a small amount of different commodity products for agricultural purposes and which in the food markets has a large regional consumer demand because of objective circumstances, it can not deliver it there by their own efforts in connection with insignificant volumes of remoteness from food markets, the lack of processing and storage, as well as the presence of regular consumers, etc., causes them to create service cooperatives, that is, for using its own efforts and means to develop an infrastructure superstructure in the form of cooperative formations of different types, specific for the specific conditions of these territories, which, on the rights of private property, will belong to their founders. Especially important for ensuring food security of Ukrainian society in today's conditions is the logical development and preservation of public livestock, in particular dairy cattle breeding, which for the rural population has a strategic importance as a resource for own consumption of cheap and extremely necessary dairy products, and, on the other hand, a resource of constant money revenues to restore the livelihoods of households that hold cows. The marketing strategy of dairy enterprises is focused solely on the final product, almost completely excluded from the chain of milk and milk products passing to the consumer of the primary producer. Significant changes in the structure of aggregate household resources, especially in rural areas, are associated with a reduction in cash receipts from agricultural sales, an increase in labor migration of the economically active population, and an increase in the level of pensions. Low purchasing prices for milk as raw materials and high prices for dairy products from processing enterprises and mark-ups in the trading network provoke stagnation of the domestic market with rising prices on unorganized markets, which almost equaled the prices in supermarkets. We conclude that, with the existing purchasing power of the population, an increase in milk production and its harvesting loses its economic motivation. Necessary for practical activity of cooperative formations will be deepened studies of the interrelations between the existing cow population in households, their productivity, and also the commodity of sold milk (sold to the produced), which directly have a direct impact on the payback of cows and the efficiency of economic activity. The cooperative operation in the countryside is a real basis of food security.