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Academic literature on the topic 'Producer of Water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Producer of Water"

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Fonseca, A. L., J. Da Silva, E. A. Nunes, S. M. F. O. Azevedo, and R. M. Soares. "In vivo genotoxicity of treated water containing the cylindrospermopsin-producer Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 3 (2014): 474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.087.

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Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an alkaloid commonly produced by some cyanobacteria that has been implicated in outbreaks of human illness. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cellular content (including CYN) and its byproducts resulting from chlorination during water treatment. DNA damage in blood and liver cells was analysed by the comet assay and micronucleus test (MN). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with the following treatments: (a) physiological saline, (b) treated water, (c) treated water plus C. raciborskii extract (CYN producer strain, CYPO-011 K), (d) C. raciborskii extract (CYN producer strain, CYPO-011 K), (e) C. raciborskii extract (CYN non producer strain), and (f) treated water plus C. raciborskii extract (CYN non producer strain) extract. After 48 h, samples were taken to perform tests (blood and liver cells to the comet assay and bone marrow to MN test). The CYPO-011 K had a genotoxic and mutagenic effects on liver and bone marrow cells. The group that received chlorine-treated water plus CYPO-011 K also exhibited genotoxic effects in the liver, as well as in the blood, and a mutagenic effect in blood marrow cells. The results emphasise the need of improving CYN monitoring in waters bodies in order to reduce the risk of human exposure.

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Prica, Nadežda, M. Baltić, V. Teodorović, Jelena Petrović, and Olga Rackov. "QUALITY OF HOT DOG SAUSAGES." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 2, no. 1 (2009): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v2i1.209.

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The volume of hot dog sausages plays an important role in meat production. Due to their desirable eating properties (softness, juicy, mild taste and smell) they form a group of sausages acceptable for all consumer categories. They are produced according to producer’s specification, which are not the same. Therefore, the differences in quality may be expected. The objective of this paper was to make a comparative analyses of three parameters in five different products present on Novi Sad market: the content of water, fat and protein, and to determine the average content of these parameters in hot dogs produced by different producers. The average content of water ranged from 56.29±3.30% to 61.44±4.08%. The differences between the average content of water in the product of producer A and C were with no statistic significance (p=0.05), and there was no difference between the average water content in other products. The average total fat in hot dogs ranged from 17.60±3.07% to 20.66±4.65%. The average fat content in the products of D and B producer, as well as Cand B, was without statistically significant difference (p=0.05). The average fat content in the products of producer E and D differed p=0.01. In all other comparisons the difference between the average fat content was p=0.001. The average meat protein content ranged from 11.77±1.08% to 15.41±1.82%. Between the products from producer A and C there was no statistical significant difference (p=0.05). The average meat protein content in the products of D and E producers showed statistic difference of p=0.01, but the average content in other producers was p=0.001. The content of meat protein in all hot dogs were within limits of regulations (10%). Statistically significant difference of the average water content in five different producers was discovered in one case (out of ten), the average fat content in two, and the average protein content in one of the examined products.

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Vazquez, Oscar, Ross A. McCartney, and Eric Mackay. "Produced-Water-Chemistry History Matching Using a 1D Reactive Injector/Producer Reservoir Model." SPE Production & Operations 28, no. 04 (2013): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164113-pa.

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Tung, S. C., T. F. Lin, I. C. Tseng, and H. M. Lin. "Identification of 2-MIB and geosmin producers in Feng-Shen reservoir in south Taiwan." Water Supply 6, no. 2 (2006): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.050.

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Musty and earthy odor are present in the source water of Feng-Shen waterworks (FSW) in south Taiwan all year round. Although 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin are responsible for the musty and earthy odor, respectively, the possible odor producers remained unknown. In this study, actinomycetes that produce 2-MIB and geosmin were studied. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence, three species were identified after comparison with the GenBank database at the NCBI. The three species are Streptomyces malaysiensis as a 2-MIB and geosmin producer, Streptomyces caelestis as a 2-MIB producer, and Streptomyces roseoflavus as a geosmin producer. For S. malaysiensis and S. caelestis, the production of MIB and/or geosmin was increased with incubation temperature (20–30 °C) in starch–glutamate broth medium. The optimal MIB, geosmin and biomass occurred at 30 °C. The maximal geosmin/biomass (G/B) and/or MIB/biomass (M/B) also occurred at 30 °C, and sporulating cultures contained more geosmin and/or MIB than nonsporulatig cultures.

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Gusman, Vera, Deana Medic, Zora Jelesic, and Mira Mihajlovic-Ukropina. "Sphingomonas paucimobilis as a biofilm producer." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 4 (2012): 1327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1204327g.

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The aim of this study was, for the first time in our country, to identify the capability of isolates of Sphingomonas paucimobilis to form a biofilm. In the 3-month period from January 1st to March 31st 2010, a total of 2630 samples of drinking water were microbiologically examined in the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Serbia. From all examined samples of drinking water, non-fermentative Gram-negative oxidase positive bacilli were identified in 113 samples (4.30%). The bacteria isolates were identified as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (4 isolates), based on analysis by the automated VITEK 2 Compact system; biofilm formation was examined according to the modified method of Stepanovic et al. (2000). All 4 Sphingomonas paucimobilis strains tested showed a strong biofilm-producing ability. Considering the potential pathogenic features of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, the presence of these strains in drinking water distribution systems is not desirable. Therefore, adequate biofilm degradation and management of drinking-water distribution networks that will guarantee microbiologically safe drinking water is recommended.

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Abdul Rahim, Ainihayati, Wan Nurul Hakimah Wan Azmi, Noor Azlina Ibrahim, Wan Nurul Iffan Sofea Wan Mohamad Safari, and Khomaizon Abdul Kadir Pahirul Zaman. "Isolation of Potential Biosurfactant Producer from Oil Contaminated Soil and Water." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 5, no. 3 (2017): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v5i3.659.

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Biosurfactants are extracellular macromolecules produced by bacteria, yeast, and fungi when grown on different carbon sources. It has the ability to reduce the surface tension of a liquid, interfacial tensions between two liquids and between a liquid and a solid. This study was conducted to isolate potential biosurfactant producers from oil-contaminated soil and water. Soil and water samples were obtained from the food court area in front of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus. Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria was carried out on minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with palm oil as the sole carbon source. Five potential biosurfactant producers; WS2, WS4, WS5, SS2 and SS5 were successfully isolated and identified by 16S rRNA analysis. Isolate WS4, SS2 and SS5 showed the highest similarity to Klebsiella sp and the other two isolates, WS2 and SS5 showed the highest similarity to Pseudomonas sp. and Nanobacterium sp. respectively. While Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were reported as prevalent biosurfactant producer, no report is available on the production of biosurfactants by Nanobacterium sp. All isolates showed variation in biosurfactant characterization assays which are emulsification test, drop collapse test, oil spreading test, blood haemolysis and blue agar plate assay.

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Widyaningsih, Ratna, Muhamad Zamzam Istimaqom, Hizballah Nidaulhaq, and Atma Budi Arta. "The Application of Diagnostic Plots to Evaluate Water Flooding." Journal of Petroleum and Geothermal Technology 1, no. 1 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/jpgt.v1i1.3323.

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To analyze production optimization using waterflood, several types of diagnostic plots are needed to determine the response to using waterflood. If you have analyzed 1 plot, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis to evaluate its success rate by combining it using another plot analysis. The X-Min Field is a field that produces light oil and is managed by the Asset Optimization SLO North PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia. This field was discovered in 1959 and started to be produced in 1966. Currently, 100 wells have been drilled with 37 active wells from 43 production wells, active injector wells are 18 out of 19, inactive wells 30, 4 wells have been plugged in, and there are 4 active wells that produce gas. The number of OOIPs in this field is 593 MMBO with cumulative production reaching 283.7 MMBO and Recovery Factor reaching 47.7%. In 2017 it was noted that the current production in December 2017 amounted to 5,374 BOPD / 121,264 BFPD or in other words the water cut reached 96.6%. Meanwhile, the amount of injection used to optimize this field is 144,103 BWIPD. Reservoirs in this field have 4 reservoirs namely Res-1, Res-2, Res-3, and Res-4 wherein each reservoir there are several grains of sand optimized using waterflood. There was 8 sand analyzed, including Sand Asyique, Sand Bajubaru, Sand Cemangad, Sand Emakpintar, Sand Fantamantap, Sand Gulungulung, Sand Harikita, and Special Sand. Closes the producer indicated premature water breakthrough. General recommendations given to various sands include adding or subtracting, both injectors and producers based on the response of each sand to water flooding.

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Scott, G., and C. Ammundsen. "WATER AND THE COAL SEAM GAS INDUSTRY." APPEA Journal 47, no. 1 (2007): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06027.

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Access to water is a significant issue in Queensland as much of the State continues to be affected by a prolonged drought. Coal seam gas production involves extracting water from coal seams to reduce the groundwater pressure that keeps the methane trapped in the coal. This process produces large volumes of water. Local councils, primary producers and industrial developers are potential end users of this water; however, if the water is of poor quality, it may be unsuitable for release in the environment and for other direct beneficial uses.This paper examines the complex legislative and regulatory hurdles that need to be overcome before any mutually beneficial agreement between the coal seam gas producer and end user may be completed. It also examines an operational policy recently released by the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency that proposes a framework for the regulation and management of water extracted from coal seams.

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Adewole, E. Steve, and O. A. Olafuyi. "Comparison between Pressure Drop Profile of a Horizontal Well as a Water Injector and as an Oil Producer in a Five-Spot Waterflood Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.265.

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This paper compares the pressure drop profiles of both horizontal well producer and injector in a 5spot waterflood pattern. Dimensionless pressure distributions for each pattern were utilised. All computations were limited to conditions of unit mobility ratio; i.e., before water breakthrough condition. Results show that a normal 5-spot flood pattern, with a horizontal well producer, offers higher pressure drops, but early water breakthrough tendencies, than as an injector for the same reservoir and wellbore conditions. An inverted pattern, under the same conditions, produces clean oil for a longer time, before water breakthrough possibilities.

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Dring, Colin, John F. Devlin, Gemma Boag, et al. "Incentives and disincentives identified by producers and drainage contractors/experts on the adoption of controlled tile drainage in eastern Ontario, Canada." Water Quality Research Journal 51, no. 1 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2015.047.

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This study investigates incentives and disincentives regarding adoption of controlled tile drainage (CTD) in a region of eastern Ontario, Canada, where CTD could be used prolifically from a biophysical standpoint, but is not. Irrespective of documented environmental and agronomic benefits of CTD, adoption remains low. Surveys and semi-structured interviews with producers and drainage contractors/experts were used to evaluate awareness of CTD and identify producer adoption impediments. Surveys indicated nearly 70% of producer respondents had heard about CTD. Top ranked incentives identified by producers (who adopted) and drainage contractors/experts combined were: soil water retention benefits, increased crop yields, and gratification improving the environment. Top ranked disincentives combined by target groups were: increased farm labor, perceived lack of extension services, and costs. Many producer adopters emphasized motivators grounded in personal or community bearing, such as peer interaction and doing the right thing for the environment. Drainage contractors emphasized adoption impediments tied to a perceived lack of extension support for CTD. Drainage contractors themselves desired more extension support and firm data/research foundations with respect to advocating CTD to clients. With respect to motivation for producers to adopt CTD, this latter point may be critical given that producers highly valued drainage contractors as an information source on drainage practices.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Producer of Water"

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Ward, Kristen B. "Evaluating producer response to water policies in agriculture : the role of input substitution, spatial heterogeneity and input quality /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Taffarello, Denise. "Water security and ecosystem-based adaptation in the headwaters of Cantareira Water Supply System, Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-05042017-091421/.

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Water quantity, availability and, particularly, quality of Brazilian freshwater is under progessive degradation due to Anthropocene\'s environmental changing conditions. Strategies of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) are essential to mitigate these impacts. This Ph.D. thesis proposes a new model of water resources management, thereby integrating selfpurification and ecohydrologic processes to evaluate ecosystem services from watershed under change. In Chapter 2, this thesis examinates the payment for hydrologic cosystem services (Water-PES) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest and points ecohydrologic variables useful for assessing and further valuing hydrologic services. In Chapter 3, this thesis discusses proposals for freshwater monitoring plan which integrate quali-quantitative aspects for EbA and Water-PES projects. Therefore, in Chapter 4 experimental quali-quantative freshwater data from in-situ field observations are investigated according land-use/land-cover (LULC) in headwaters of water supply systems. In Chapter 5, through simulated impacts on freshwater yield from scenarios of LULC change, the grey water footprint (greyWF) is assessed, as well as environmental sustainability of sub-basins is depicted from a new ecohydrologic index for assessing hydrologic services. The methodology is performed using through field sampling and lab-analysing of physico-chemical, biologic and hydraulic variables in nested sub-basins draining to the Cantareira Water Supply System, in Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais states, Brazil. These areas participate in the Water-PES projects Water Producer/PCJ and Water Conservator at headwaters of Piracicaba watershed, during recent severe drought conditions between years 2013-15. The greyWF is estimated from outputs of time series simulated through ecohydrologic model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Under assumption of continuity of Water-PES projects, and using the same series of hydrometorological records for a common period (2008-2014), freshwater quali-quantitative impacts are performed through three LULC scenarios: past situation \"S1\" (year 1990), current situation \"S2\" (year 2010) and future situation \"S2+EbA\" (year 2035). From these scenarios, flow and load duration curves, mean water yields, greyWF and seasonal variabilities, were simulated. Through this research, continuous-monitoring Data Collecting Stations were installed in public-private partnership encompassing EESC/USP, ANA, CPRM, CEMADEN, SMA, TNC, WWF and local mayors. This continuous monitoring is addressed to increase the system resilience, based on better decision-making for water security, in strategic headwaters not only for water supply, but also for environmental conservation. This doctoral thesis brings contributions to a better comprehension of anthropic impacts on water resources and for strategies of EbA in front of progressive rates of losses of ecosystem services. This PhD. thesis was part of three research initiatives which partly granted activities: (1) Thematic Project FAPESP 2008/58161-1 \"Assessment of Impacts and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil and Strategies for Adaptation Options\"; (2) \"INCLINE - INterdisciplinary CLimate INvEstigation Center\" (NapMC/USP Núcleo de Apoio às Pesquisas em Mudanças Climáticas) and (3) \"Água Brasil\" Project, Banco do Brasil Foundation, WWF Brazil, ANA & FIPAI/EESC-USP.<br>A quantidade, a disponibilidade e, em particular, a qualidade da água doce está em degradação progressiva devido às mudanças ambientais no Antropoceno. Estratégias de adaptação baseadas em ecossistemas (EbA) são essenciais para reduzir estes impactos. Propõe-se um novo modelo de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos que integre a pegada hídrica cinza e processos ecohidrológicos para avaliação dos serviços hidrológicos em bacias hidrográficas sob mudanças. As etapas da pesquisa são: Capítulo 2 – análise dos projetos de pagamentos por serviços ambientais de proteção às bacias hidrográficas na Mata Atlântica brasileira e, no contexto de EbA, indicação de variáveis ecohidrológicas úteis na quantificação e futura valoração dos serviços hidrológicos; Capítulo 3 – desenvolvimento de plano de monitoramento ecohidrológico que integra aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos dos recursos hídricos para projetos de EbA; Capítulo 4 – provisão de dados experimentais de qualidade e quantidade da água, além de observações in-situ, para investigação das influências das mudanças de uso e ocupação do solo nas cabeceiras de mananciais, estratégicos para o abastecimento público e a conservação ambiental; Capítulo 5 – estimativas da pegada hídrica cinza para nitrato, fósforo total e sedimentos a partir do monitoramento de variáveis quali-quantitativas em bacias com diferentes condições de uso e ocupação de solo. Foi realizada a instalação de três Plataformas de Coleta de Dados, por meio de parceria entre EESC, ANA, CPRM, CEMADEN, SMA, TNC e WWF, visando aumentar a resiliência do sistema, decorrente de futuro aprimoramento da gestão, para a segurança hídrica. A metodologia incluiu coletas em seis diferentes períodos, durante dois anos, e análises das variáveis condutividade elétrica, cor, DQO, DBO5,20, nitrato, nitrito, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfato, pH, turbidez, sólidos totais, coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli, medidas de vazões e velocidades médias em seções transversais. O método foi aplicado em microbacias participantes dos projetos Produtor de Água/PCJ e Conservador das Águas, dentre outras, com áreas de drenagem entre 7 e 1.000 km2, que contribuem para a bacia do rio Piracicaba (12.530 km2). Dados primários, medidos em recente período de severa estiagem no Sistema Cantareira (2013-14), foram integrados aos bancos de dados de órgãos gestores federais e estaduais. A produção de água foi maior em sub-bacias menos florestadas. Foi possível aprimorar a regionalização de cargas poluidoras por área de drenagem na região do Cantareira. A pegada hídrica cinza (WF) foi estimada a partir de simulações no modelo ecohidrológico Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Curvas de permanência de vazões e carga poluidora por área de drenagem foram elaboradas. Supondo-se a continuidade dos projetos \"Produtor de Água/PCJ\" e \"Conservador das Águas\", foram investigados os impactos de cenário futuro de uso do solo. Finalmente, foi desenvolvido novo índice ecohidrológico para quantificação dos serviços hidrológicos e avaliação a sustentabilidade das sub-bacias, a partir da pegada hídrica cinza composta. Assim, usando ferramentas de vanguarda tecnológica (SWAT e WF), a tese fornece subsídios para uma melhor compreensão dos impactos antropogênicos sobre os recursos hídricos e novas estratégias de adaptação baseada em ecossistemas, frente às progressivas taxas de perda de serviços ambientais. Esta tese esteve vinculada a três projetos de pesquisa, dos quais obteve apoio financeiro: (1) Projeto Temático FAPESP 2008/58161-1 \"Assessment of Impacts and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil & Strategies for Adaptation Options\"; (2) \"INCLINE - INterdisciplinary CLimate INvEstigation Center\" (NapMC/USP) e (3) Projeto \"Água Brasil\", Fundação Banco do Brasil, WWF Brasil, ANA e FIPAI/EESC-USP.

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Schneider, Cristina. "RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREAS EM INCOMPATIBILIDADE LEGAL DE USO DA TERRA: O CASO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO ARROIO MANOEL ALVES, ITAARA, RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9327.

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This research was developed with the purpose of analyzing areas of land use legal incompatibility in watershed from Manoel Alves Stream, aiming to increase water production, according to what is prescribed in Municipal Director Plan, which among others determinations, seeks the implantation of public politics for sustainability. To reach this purpose, firstly, it was elaborated the land use map through images from LANDSAT 5 satellite, 3, 4 and 5 bands, of October 20th, 2009, where were identified five categories: water; mining area; building area; cultures; vegetation. After, from the established in Environmental Law, it was elaborated the map of permanent preservation areas, from the images of LANDSAT 5 satellite and from the topographies of Camobi NW and SW and Santa Maria NE and SE, of scale 1:25.000. In the identification of areas of land use legal incompatibility, it was carried out a combination between information plans map of used land and the permanent preservation areas, where it was ascertained that 28,82% from the total of permanent preservation areas of the watershed has being occupied by dwellings, by cultures and by mining exploitation. Through the analyses of the map of land use legal incompatibility, it was perceived that part of them is located in rural areas. Therefore, it was pointed out policies for recuperation of areas in incompatibility of use, based on what ANA establishes, that considers the farmer as a water producer. In Water Producer Program, the watershed is seen as water producer, and the ones that maintain it are the producers, for depends on the use that be made in the surroundings of the springs, it can collaborate to the availability of water resources with quality or without. In order to improve the water production, ANA proposes the adoption of preservation practices supported by three pillars: riparian vegetation conservation and recuperation, soil conservation practices and implementation of environmental sanitation in the property. This research is justified by the need pointed in Municipal Director Plan that deals with Environmental Municipal Politics, and that, among other points, predicts the organization of Special Areas of Environmental Interest (AEIA) and incentives the organization of Private Reserves of Natural Heritage (RPNN), besides the elaboration of a Municipal Environmental Plan. This Plan will embrace the protected areas mapping, according to the law, and incentive ways offered by the local authority for environmental preserve and recuperation actions.<br>Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo principal de analisar as áreas de incompatibilidade legal de uso da terra na Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Manoel Alves, visando o aumento da produção de água, atendendo o que está previsto no Plano Diretor Municipal, que dentre outras determinações, busca a implantação de políticas públicas para a sustentabilidade. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, primeiramente, elaborou-se o mapa de uso da terra a partir das imagens de satélite LANDSAT 5, bandas 3, 4 e 5, de 20 de outubro de 2009, onde houve a identificação de cinco classes: água; área de mineração; áreas construídas; culturas; e vegetação. Após, a partir do estabelecido na Legislação Ambiental, elaborou-se o mapa das áreas de preservação permanente, a partir das imagens de satélite LANDSAT 5 e das cartas topográficas de Camobi NO e SO e Santa Maria NE e SE, de escala 1:25.000. Na identificação das áreas de incompatibilidade legal de uso da terra, foi realizada uma combinação dos planos de informação do mapa de uso da terra e das áreas de preservação permanente, onde se pode verificar que 28,82% do total das áreas de preservação permanente da bacia hidrográfica estão sendo ocupadas por moradias, por culturas e pela exploração mineral. A partir da análise do mapa de incompatibilidade legal de uso da terra, observou-se que grande parte delas se localiza em áreas rurais. Em virtude disso, foram apontadas diretrizes para a recuperação das áreas em incompatibilidade de uso, baseado no que estabelece a ANA que considera o produtor rural com um produtor de água. No Programa Produtor de Água, a bacia hidrográfica é vista como produtora de água, e os que a mantêm conservada são produtores, pois dependendo do uso que for feito no entorno dos mananciais, pode colaborar para que haja disponibilidade de recursos hídricos e de qualidade ou não. Para aumentar a produção de água, a ANA propõe a adoção de práticas preservacionistas sustentadas sobre três pilares: a conservação e recuperação da vegetação ciliar, práticas conservacionistas do solo e a implantação do saneamento ambiental na propriedade. Essa pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade apontada no Plano Diretor Municipal, que trata da Política Municipal de Meio Ambiente, e que, em dentre outros pontos prevê a instituição de Áreas Especiais de Interesse Ambiental (AEIA) e incentivo à instituição de Reservas Particulares de Patrimônio Natural (RPNN), além da elaboração de um Plano Ambiental do Município. Este plano contemplará o mapeamento das áreas protegidas, conforme a legislação, e formas de incentivo oferecidas pelo Município para ações de preservação e recuperação ambiental.

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Oliveira, Silvia Mayumi Shinkai de. "Manual operativo para implementação do Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Lajeado - UGRHI-19 - São Paulo - Brasil /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181543.

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Orientador: Milton Dall´Aglio Sobrinho<br>Resumo: A gestão dos recursos hídricos é crucial para garantir a disponibilidade e qualidade das águas e a adoção do pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA) pode ser considerada uma das alternativas viáveis para melhoria da política pública de recursos hídricos. Este projeto aborda o PSA como instrumento de melhoria a ser introduzido na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Lajeado, UGRHI- 19, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O objetivo foi contribuir com a introdução de medidas eficazes para garantia da disponibilidade hídrica da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Lajeado e melhorar a qualidade de suas águas. A metodologia incluiu a realização de pesquisa da literatura existente sobre o tema, levantamento e análise de diversos casos exemplares de PSA existentes no Brasil e no mundo para auxiliar na definição das ações a serem implementadas na referida bacia hidrográfica. Também utilizou-se o estudo de caso da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Lajeado o qual é gerenciado por meio de um consórcio intermunicipal delimitado pela sua bacia hidrográfica composta pelos municípios de Alto Alegre, Barbosa e Penápolis sendo contemplado no chamamento público 01/2017 da Agência Nacional das Águas com recursos financeiros para implementar o Programa Produtor de Água na referida bacia. Como resultado deste trabalho obteve-se um Manual Operativo elaborado com especificações técnicas detalhadas para a devida implementação do PSA na área de estudo e assim contribuir com a melhoria da qualidade dos recursos hídricos d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The management of water resources is crucial to ensure water availability and quality, and the adoption of payment for environmental services (PES) can be considered one of the viable alternatives for improving public water policy. This project addresses the PSA as an improvement instrument to be introduced in the Ribeirão Lajeado Basin, UGRHI-19, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The objective is to contribute with the introduction of effective measures to guarantee the water availability of the Ribeirão Lajeado River Basin and to improve the quality of its waters. The methodology included the research of the existing literature on the subject, survey and analysis of several case studies of PES existing in Brazil and in the world to define the actions to be implemented in the Ribeirão Lajeado River Basin and also the case study of this Basin which is managed by an intermunicipal consortium delimited by its hydrographic basin composed of the municipalities of Alto Alegre, Barbosa and Penápolis. The Ribeirão Lajeado River Basin was contemplated in the public call 01/2017 of the National Agency of the Waters with financial resources to implement the Program Producer of water. As a result of this work, the Operational Manual prepared with technical specifications for the proper implementation of the PES in the area of study and, thus, contribute to the improvement of the quality of the water resources of this hydrographic basin.<br>Mestre

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Merida, Carolina. "O PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS COMO INSTRUMENTO DE EFETIVIDADE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL EM RIO VERDE, GOIÁS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2686.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAROLINA MERIDA.pdf: 11839445 bytes, checksum: e14f83a3bb4d80b7c6b38f725c77990a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28<br>This research deals with the issue of economic valuation of ecosystem services based on positive incentive mechanisms as a strategy to stimulate the recovery and preservation of the environment, given the inefficiency of environmental protection currently used, primarily guided by command and control instruments. Taking as starting point the analysis of the interrelationship between the environment and sustainable development, the work also holds the examination of the legal issues underlying the use of payments for environmental services in Brazil. The chosen approach to face the issue concerns the study of the program Producer of Water", established under the Municipality of Rio Verde, Goias State, in order to verify the results obtained with respect to the recovery and preservation of riparian forests in around the headwaters of the Watershed of Abobora Stream, responsible for supplying approximately 70% of the population of that municipality. In summary, the question that this study seeks to answer relates to the effectiveness of payments for ecosystem services as a tool to promote sustainable development and social and environmental justice. The methodology has privileged the bibliographic research, in foreign and domestic literature, also drawing on the application of questionnaires to participants of "Producer of Water" program, Rio Verde, as well as the analysis of official data and documents obtained from the Department of Sustainable Economic Development of the Municipality of Rio Verde, Goias, and authoritative legal theory, focused on Machado (2012), Nusdeo (2012) and Altmann (2009).<br>A presente pesquisa versa sobre a temática da valoração econômica dos serviços ambientais, baseada em mecanismos positivos de incentivo, como estratégia para estimular a recuperação e a preservação do meio ambiente, ante a ineficácia dos mecanismos de proteção ambiental, atualmente utilizados, pautados preponderantemente em instrumentos de comando e controle. Tendo como ponto de partida a análise da inter-relação entre o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento sustentável, o trabalho se detém, ainda, no exame dos aspectos jurídicos que fundamentam a utilização do pagamento por serviços ambientais no Brasil. A abordagem escolhida para enfrentamento do tema diz respeito ao estudo do Programa Produtor de Águas , instituído no âmbito do Município de Rio Verde, Estado de Goiás, com o propósito de verificar os resultados obtidos com relação à recuperação e preservação das áreas de matas ciliares no entorno das nascentes da Microbacia do Ribeirão Abóbora, responsável pelo abastecimento de aproximadamente 70% da população do citado município. Em suma, a questão que o presente estudo busca responder refere-se à efetividade do pagamento por serviços ambientais enquanto instrumento para a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável e da justiça socioambiental. A metodologia utilizada privilegiou a pesquisa bibliográfica, na literatura estrangeira e nacional, valendo-se, ainda, da aplicação de questionários aos participantes do Programa Produtor de Águas , de Rio Verde, bem como, da análise de dados e documentos oficiais obtidos junto à Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômico Sustentável do Município de Rio Verde, Goiás, além de teoria jurídica abalizada, centrada em Machado (2012), Nusdeo (2012) e Altmann (2009).

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Hatsumura, Paula Mariko. "Subsídios para elaboração de projeto de pagamento por serviços ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do manancial do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio - UGRHI Pontal do Paranapanema - Estado de São Paulo - Brasil." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157494.

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Orientador: Antonio Cezar Leal<br>Resumo: Neste projeto técnico tem-se como objetivo a elaboração de uma proposta que subsidie o projeto básico de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais do Programa Produtor de Água na bacia hidrográfica do manancial do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio. Esta bacia hidrográfica está localizada no extremo oeste do Estado de São Paulo, na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Pontal do Paranapanema - UGRHI 22 e possui uma área de, aproximadamente, 198 km², englobando partes dos municípios de Álvares Machado, Anhumas, Pirapozinho, Presidente Prudente e Regente Feijó. A proposta foi realizada com base no Manual Operativo do Programa Produtor de Água – 2ª Edição, que compõe as orientações às pessoas e instituições que pretendam participar deste programa. O conteúdo principal dessa pesquisa consiste na elaboração do Roteiro Mínimo de Apresentação do Projeto, a qual contou com a participação de diversas entidades, definidas como instituições parceiras, cada qual com suas especialidades. Foi elaborada a caracterização da bacia hidrográfica, com base em estudos já realizados; as metodologias que serão utilizadas como estratégias de PSA, de educação ambiental, estratégias para as ações de restauração ecológica, conservação de água e solo, bem como para o monitoramento da bacia hidrográfica do manancial do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio. Dessa forma, espera-se que este estudo gere subsídios para que, futuramente, na área em estudo possa se implantar efetivamente o Programa Produtor de Á... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: In this technical project the objective is the preparation of a proposal that subsidizes the basic project of Payment for Environmental Services of the Water Producer Program in the watershed of the wellspring of the high current of Santo Anastácio River. This watershed is located in the extreme west of the State of São Paulo, in the Water Resources Management Unit of Pontal do Paranapanema - UGRHI 22 and has an area of approximately 198 km², encompassing parts of the cities of Álvares Machado, Anhumas, Pirapozinho, Presidente Prudente and Regente Feijó. The proposal was based on the Operational Manual of the Water Producer Program – 2nd Edition, which makes up the guidelines persons and institutions wishing to participate in this program. The main content of this research is the elaboration of the Minimal Presentation of the Project, which was attended by several entities, defined as partner institutions each with its own specialties. It was elaborated the characterization of watershed based on studies already made; the methodologies that will be used as PSA strategies, environmental education, strategies for ecological restoration actions, water and soil conservation, as well as for the monitoring of watershed of the wellspring of the high current of Santo Anastácio River. Thus, it is expected that this study will generate subsidies so that, in the future, in the study área the Water Producer Program, thus benefiting the environment, with the protection and production of wa... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre

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Ribeiro, Aristela Resende. "Percepção dos integrantes do programa produtor de água sobre os desafios do processo de implantação." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5163.

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Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-01-28T13:22:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aristela Resende Ribeiro - 2015.pdf: 5342161 bytes, checksum: a151bb178e607bc6aca89e3e325ab5f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T11:16:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aristela Resende Ribeiro - 2015.pdf: 5342161 bytes, checksum: a151bb178e607bc6aca89e3e325ab5f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T11:16:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Aristela Resende Ribeiro - 2015.pdf: 5342161 bytes, checksum: a151bb178e607bc6aca89e3e325ab5f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30<br>The Payment Programs for Environmental Services (PES) have been widely researched. However, there is a need to invest in studies that discuss the influence of perception on different members of the program in relation to the success of it. Along this, the objective of the research was to present the perception of the members involved in the process of implementation of Brook Joao Leite in the Water Producer Program (RJLWPP). For that, we interviewed 10 farmers and 15 members of the Project Management Unit (PMU), in addition to the identification and analysis of the aspects of implementation and operation of the Program. Analyzing the perception of the members in relation to the program, we understand that farmers possess adequate knowledge about environmental problems. Regarding the proposed amount to be paid to the owner, 60% considered insufficient or regular, as opposed to 20% who felt the same offer as good or sufficient. On the other hand, 90% of respondents expressed interest in participating effectively in the program. The required paperwork was the main reason for disinterest in the program for 10% of the owners. As the main negative points of the Program, the PMU members pointed out: conflicts between institutions, the length of referrals and the bureaucracy of the Program implementation process. The survey also points out that the institutions have shown uncertainty about the degree of commitment and responsibilities to one another. The program is expected to face difficulties in the process of implementation and consolidation mainly due to the complexity of the legal framework and lack of institutional commitment among members. What means the need to strengthen the institutions involved (resources, technical training, autonomy) for added assurance of maintenance and operation of the Program, regardless of political changes.<br>Os Programas de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) vêm sendo amplamente pesquisados. Entretanto, existe a necessidade de investimentos em estudos que discutam a influência da percepção dos diferentes integrantes do Programa em relação ao êxito do mesmo. Nessa linha, o objetivo da pesquisa foi apresentar a percepção dos integrantes envolvidos no processo de implantação do Programa Produtor de Água do Ribeirão João Leite (PPARJL). Para tanto, foram entrevistados 10 produtores rurais e 15 integrantes da Unidade de Gestão do Projeto (UGP), além da identificação e análise dos aspectos de implantação e operação do Programa. Analisando a percepção dos integrantes em relação ao Programa, entendemos que os produtores rurais, possuem conhecimento adequado sobre os problemas ambientais. Em relação a proposta do valor a ser pago ao produtor, 60% consideraram insuficiente ou regular, em oposição a 20%, que consideraram a mesma oferta como boa ou suficiente. Por outro lado, 90% dos entrevistados manifestaram interesse em participar efetivamente do Programa. A burocracia exigida foi o principal motivo de desinteresse pelo Programa para 10% dos produtores. Como principais pontos negativos do Programa, os integrantes da UGP destacaram: os conflitos entre instituições, a morosidade dos encaminhamentos e a burocracia do processo de implantação do Programa. A pesquisa também aponta que as instituições demonstraram incertezas quanto ao grau de comprometimento e responsabilidades umas das outras. O Programa deverá enfrentar dificuldades no processo de implantação e principalmente de consolidação, devido a complexidade do arcabouço jurídico e a falta de comprometimento institucional entre os integrantes. O que significa a necessidade de fortalecimento das instituições envolvidas (recursos, capacitação técnica, autonomia), para uma maior garantia da manutenção e operação do PPARJL, independente das mudanças políticas.

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Patel, Chirag V. "Management of produced water in oil and gas operations." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1544.

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Produced water handling has been an issue of concern for oil and gas producers as it is one of the major factors that cause abandonment of the producing well. The development of effective produced water management strategies poses a big challenge to the oil and gas industry today. The conversion of produced water into irrigation or fresh water provides a cost effective tool to handle excessive amounts of the produced water. In this research we proposed on-site produced water treatment units configured to achieve maximum processing throughput. We studied various advanced separation techniques to remove oil and dissolved solids from the produced water. We selected adsorption as the oil removing technique and Reverse Osmosis (RO) as the dissolved solids removing technique as being the best for our purpose. We performed experiments to evaluate operating parameters for both adsorption and RO units to accomplish maximum removal of oil and dissolved solids from the produced water. We compared the best models fitting the experimental data for both the processes, then analyzed and simulated the performance of integrated produced water treatment which involves adsorption columns and RO units. The experimental results show that the adsorption columns remove more than 90% of the oil and RO units remove more than 95% of total dissolved solids from the produced water. The simulation results show that the proper integration and configuration of adsorption and RO units can provide up to 80% efficiency for a processing throughput of 6-8 gallons per minute of produced water. From an oil and gas producers viewpoint output from the produced water treatment system is a revenue generating source. The system is flexible and can be modified for the applications such as rangeland restoration, reservoir recharge and agricultural use.

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Foslie, Sverre Stefanussen. "Design of Centrifugal Pump for Produced Water." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24348.

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During the spring of 2008, Jón Bergmann Heimisson developed a pump design program in Matlab. The program has been further developed during the work with this thesis, as well as in the author's preceding project thesis, giving key information for an existing pump design. The aim of this Master's thesis has been to verify the calculation of pump characteristics and velocity profiles at the impeller outlet through testing.A detailed description of the relevant theory regarding pump design has been presented, and different calculation models for the pump characteristics have been examined. The analytical approaches for calculating the performance data have been implemented into Matlab, and a comparison of the different calculation models has been performed. A multistage centrifugal pump has been used for verifying the velocity profiles, and the pump characteristics have been compared to the different calculation models presented in Matlab. Measurements of the velocity profiles were carried out in Typhonix' laboratories at Varhaug using a pitot-static probe.The results achieved from the comparison of the characteristic curves calculated in Matlab showed that the models provide quite different results. Some of the methods widely used in the literature proved to deviate significantly from the measured results, while other and more advanced methods provided better results.The results achieved from testing the velocity profiles with the pitot-static probe were not as good as desired. The measured velocities and flow angles did not correlate well with the analytical solutions, and the results are partly unreliable. Some of the trends regarding changes due to increased volume flow or rotational speed were found, but the exact values could not be trusted. The pitot-static probe is an intrusive method, and it probably disturbed the flow in a way making good results difficult to achieve.

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Brookes, Adam. "Immersed membrane bioreactors for produced water treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4508.

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The performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor for the duty of gas field produced water treatment was appraised. The system was operated under steady state conditions at a range of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations and treatment and membrane performance examined. Organics removal (COD and TOC) display removal rates between 90 and 97%. Removal of specific target compounds Benzene, Toulene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene were removed to above 99% in liquid phase with loss to atmosphere between 0.3 and 1%. Comparison of fouling rates at a number of imposed fluxes has been made between long term filtration trials and short term tests using the flux step method. Produced water fed biomass displays a greater fouling propensity than municipal wastewater fed biomass from previous studies. Results indicate an exponential relationship between fouling rate and flux for both long and short term trials, although the value was an order of magnitude lower during long term tests. Moreover, operation during long term trials is characterised by a period of pseudo stable operation followed by a catastrophic rise in TMP at a given critical filtration time (tfi, ) during trials at 6 g. L"1. This time of stable operation, tfit, is characterised by a linear relationship between fouling rate and flux. Results have been compared with the literature. Data for membrane fouling prior to the end of t fit yielded a poor fit with a recently proposed model. Trends recorded at t> trlt revealed the fouling rate to follow no definable trend with flux. The system showed resilience to free oil shocking up to an oil concentration of 200ppmv. Following an increase in oil concentration to 500 ppmv, rapid and exponential fouling ensued.

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Books on the topic "Producer of Water"

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The World Bank as a knowledge producer: How the bank uses flawed processes to generate unsound knowledge for promoting disastrous policies. Manthan Adhyayan Kendra, 2008.

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Lee, Kenneth, and Jerry Neff, eds. Produced Water. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0046-2.

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Ray, James P., and F. Rainer Engelhardt, eds. Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6.

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Reed, Mark, and Ståle Johnsen, eds. Produced Water 2. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4.

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Stewart, Maurice. Produced water treatment field manual. Gulf Professional Pub., 2011.

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Malley, James P. Evaluation of by-products produced by treatment of groundwaters with ultraviolet irradiation. The Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1995.

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Dunne, Ed J., ed. Flowback and Produced Waters. National Academies Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/24620.

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Osann, Edward R. Saving water, saving dollars: Efficient plumbing products and the protection of America's waters. Potomac Resources, Inc., 1998.

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Corrosion and water technology for petroleum producers. OGCI Publications, 1988.

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P, Ray J., and Engelhardt F. R, eds. Produced water: Technological/environmental issues and solutions. Plenum Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Producer of Water"

1

Vyas, D. K., S. S. Kapdi, and M. L. Gaur. "Design and Development of Producer Gas-Based Heat Exchanger for Drying Application." In Water Science and Technology Library. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5798-4_21.

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Romanescu, Gheorghe, and Ionuț Minea. "Drought and Insolvency: Case Study of the Producer-Buyer Conflict (Romania, the Period Between the Years 2011–2012)." In Water Resources Management in Romania. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22320-5_15.

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Rayle, M. F., and M. M. Mulino. "Produced Water Impacts in Louisiana Coastal Waters." In Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_28.

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Stephenson, M. T. "A Survey of Produced Water Studies." In Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_1.

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Brown, J. S., T. C. Sauer, M. J. Wade, and J. M. Neff. "Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of Produced Water Freon Extracts." In Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_10.

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Carey, J., A. Zaidi, and J. Ribo. "Specific Toxic Organics in Produced Waters from In-Situ Heavy Oil Recovery Operations in Western Canada." In Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_11.

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Fillo, J. P., S. M. Koraido, and J. M. Evans. "Sources, Characteristics, and Management of Produced Waters from Natural Gas Production and Storage Operations." In Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_12.

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Shepherd, M. C., F. L. Shore, S. K. Mertens, and J. S. Gibson. "Characterization of Produced Waters from Natural Gas Production and Storage Operations: Regulatory Analysis of a Complex Matrix." In Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_13.

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Mount, D. R., K. R. Drottar, D. D. Gulley, J. P. Fillo, and P. E. O’Neil. "Use of Laboratory Toxicity Data for Evaluating the Environmental Acceptability of Produced Water Discharge to Surface Waters." In Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_14.

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Fucik, K. W. "Toxicity Identification and Characteristics of Produced Water Discharges from Colorado and Wyoming." In Produced Water. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Producer of Water"

1

Vazquez, Oscar, Ross McCartney, and Eric Mackay. "Produced Water Chemistry History Matching Using a 1D Reactive Injector Producer Reservoir Model." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164113-ms.

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Bell, Colton, Brenton Cheeseman, Brandon Gowisnock, and David Koseluk. "New Horizontal Producer In Existing Waterflood: Mitigating Water Breakthrough." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201540-ms.

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Le Hello, Y., P. Ghesquiere, and J. Woodruff. "Stopping a Water Crossflow in a Sour Gas Producer Well." In IADC/SPE Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/39396-ms.

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Kumararaja, L., and M. Madhan. "Determination of certain properties of producer gas + water vapour mixture." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS (NCECB). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0005821.

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Fukuda, Shuichi. "Best for Whom? Changing Design for Creative Customers." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28330.

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Our traditional design has been producer-centric. But to respond to the frequent and extensive changes and increasing diversification, we have to change our design to user-centric. But it is not a straightforward extension and just listening to the voice of the customer is not enough. Value is defined as value = performance/cost, but performance has been interpreted in the current design solely as functions of a final product and all other factors such as manufacturing are considered as cost. This framework has been effective until recently because there has been asymmetry of information between the producer and the customer. As the producer had a greater amount of information, they only had to produce a product which they think best and it really satisfied the customer who needed a product. The 20th century was the age of products. But as we approached the 21st century, we entered information society and sometimes the customer knows more than the producer. Thus, such a one way flow of development to fill the information (water level) gap doe not work any more, because the gap is quickly disappearing. The difference was evaluated as value in the traditional design and it meant profit for the producer. Therefore, a new approach to create value is called for. One solution is to raise the water level together by the producer and the customer so that the level increase serves for profit for the producer and for the true value for the customer. In order to achieve this goal, we have to identify what is the true value for the customer. We have to step outside of our traditional notion of value being functions of a final product. What is the true value for the customer? It is customers’ satisfaction. Then, how can we satisfy our customers. This paper points out if we note that our customers are very active and creative, we can provide satisfaction to them by getting them involved in the whole process of product development. Then our customers can enjoy not only product experience but also process experience, which will satisfy their needs for self actualization and challenge, i.e., their highest human needs.

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Hewlett, C. W. "FPSO Ocean Producer: A Unique Design for Shallow Water Marginal Fields." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7051-ms.

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Ajayi, Arashi A., and Michael R. Konopczynski. "Intelligent-Well Technology Reduced Water Production in a Multilateral Oil Producer." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/102982-ms.

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Kandassamy, K., E. Natarajan, and S. Renganarayanan. "Producer Gas Cleaning Techniques." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-061.

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This paper reviews various producer gas cleaning techniques developed/ applied in different biomass gasification processes. It investigates various methods for the removal of particulate matter and tar emissions from producer gas generated by various types of gasifiers. The various tar measurement protocols are inconsistent on the definition of tar and particulate matters. The producer gas if used for power generation using IC engines should be less than 50 mg/Nm3, and in the case of gas turbines a minimum particulate matter concentration of 10 ppm (weight) is needed. To control tars and particulates, various insitu (catalytic tar cracking using Dolomite/Nickel, partial oxidation, high temperature tar cracking, biomass selection, two stage gasification) and post gasification treatments (sand bed filter, wash tower, venturi scrubber, rotational atomizer, electrostatic precipitator, fabric filter, fixed bed tar adsorber, catalytic tar cracker, ceramic filter, cyclones etc) are used. In the cleaning train, collection efficiencies decrease drastically as particulate sizes fall below 1.5 μm. Heavy tar and alkali metals cause engine cylinder deposition and high temperature corrosion of turbine blades respectively. The selection of suitable biomass can improve the quality of gas. Nearly every biomass has a high percentage (60–80%) of Tar Forming Particles (PTFV). Tar is a general nomenclature for a group of compounds like phenols, Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), high Molecular Organic Compounds, Water-soluble organic compounds and ash particles agglomerated with organic compounds. It is easier to remove 90% particulate matter than to achieve 90% tar reduction as they form stable aerosols. A combination of insitu and post gasification treatments is necessary to condition the fuel gas for various power generating equipments. Hence, the analysis of various gas cleaning methods are important for applying them in suitable systems.

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Yaakob, Amirul Afiq, Nurhidayah Hutamin, Hasanah Sa'aid, et al. "Downhole Production Logging for Locating Water Sources in Open Hole Completion Oil Producer Wells." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186955-ms.

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Tao, Bin, Jiheng Zhou, Ke Wu, and Zhongqing Zhang. "Pulsed–Neutron Log Design for Uncertain Water Salinity Reservoirs in an Oil Producer Offshore." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. Offshore Technology Conference, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30346-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Producer of Water"

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Fitzsimmons, Jonathan. Fishing for isotopes in the Brookhaven Lab Isotope Producer (BLIP) cooling water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1340357.

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Schattman, Rachel, Vern Grubinger, Lisa McKaeg, and Katie Nelson. Whole Farm Water Use: A Survey of Vegetable Producers in New England States | 2018. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6938606.ch.

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Produce safety and climate change are two overlapping risks that face vegetable producers in the northeastern United States. Because of recent public health outbreaks (and subsequent litigation) traced back to fresh produce, food safety hazard identification and risk mitigation has become the focus of significant regulatory changes in the United States (FDA 2015)

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Martha Cather, Robert Lee, Ibrahim Gundiler, and Andrew Sung. NM WAIDS: A PRODUCED WATER QUALITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE GIS DATABASE FOR NEW MEXICO OIL PRODUCERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823003.

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Martha Cather, Robert Lee, Ibrahim Gundiler, et al. NM WAIDS: A PRODUCED WATER QUALITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE GIS DATABASE FOR NEW MEXICO OIL PRODUCERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824389.

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Martha Cather, Robert Lee, Ibrahim Gundiler, et al. NM WAIDS: A Produced Water Quality and Infrastructure GIS Database for New Mexico Oil Producers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850064.

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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.

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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.

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Skone, Timothy J. Disposal Produced Water Switch. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1559836.

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Sheldon, Ray W. ADVANCED STRIPPER GAS PRODUCED WATER REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/788103.

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Sheldon, Ray W. ADVANCED STRIPPER GAS PRODUCED WATER REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/788105.

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Sheldon, Ray W. ADVANCED STRIPPER GAS PRODUCED WATER REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/788106.

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