Relevant bibliographies by topics / Product category rules (PCR)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Product category rules (PCR)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 September 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Product category rules (PCR)"

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Nadirah, I. M. A. D. Susila, A. L. Sihombing, et al. "Product category rules development as a reference for PROPER life cycle assessment reporting: recommendations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1267, no. 1 (2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1267/1/012040.

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Abstract The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) issued regulations regarding monitoring of company environmental performance (PROPER), which required companies to conduct LCA studies for their products to obtain a green or gold rating. The LCA report submitted in the PROPER program should refer to the specified guiding standards, namely Product Category Rules, which contain the necessary elements of product environmental footprint (PEF) for assessing environmental management performance evaluations to meet international standards and ensure acceptance by the international community. T
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Kim, Gwang Hyun, Yong Woo Hwang, and Yoon Sang Jeon. "A Study on the improvement of Environmental Product Declaration of Ready-mixed concrete." Korean Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 23, no. 1 (2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.62765/kjlca.2022.23.1.17.

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Since the revision of the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED), Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) of building materials has increased rapidly as additional points have been given to use building materials that have obtained EPD based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In particular, the cumulative number of (Environmental Product Declaration–EPD) of ready-mixed concrete (RMC) is increasing every year from 18 in 2018, 109 in 2019, 501 in 2020, and 809 in 2021. In order to increase the reliability of the current EPD results, this study aims to present an improvement pla
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Nadirah, A. I. Yanuar, E. S. Hasrito, et al. "Comparison study of environmental product declarations to develop passenger train in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1108, no. 1 (2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1108/1/012028.

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Abstract Passenger train products labelled as environmentally friendly now tend to be a requirement in world trade. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method for quantifying environmental performance using the Product Category Rules (PCR) document as a guideline referring to the ISO 14027 standard. This study aimed to determine the methodological requirements for the PCR draft for the Indonesian Rail-Vehicle Industry by comparing and analysing the Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) of three different rail vehicles. They were train A (from Europe) and train B and C (from non-Europe), which
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Mukherjee, Amlan, and Heather Dylla. "Challenges to Using Environmental Product Declarations in Communicating Life-Cycle Assessment Results: Case of the Asphalt Industry." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2639, no. 1 (2017): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2639-11.

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The objective of this paper is to discuss the challenges encountered in creating an environmental product declaration (EPD) program for asphalt mixtures that ensures the consistent, transparent, and reliable communication of life-cycle assessment (LCA) results between stakeholders in the paving industry. The formal process outlined in ISO 14025 for developing an EPD program has partially ameliorated the challenges that have deterred the adoption of LCA by requiring stakeholder participation and industrywide agreement on assumptions that define an LCA. This requirement has led to a new set of c
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Drpić, Aleksandar, Tea Spasojević-Šantić, and Zagorka Radojević. "Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) For Clay Roof Tiles-Case Study: Production Plant of Clay Roof Tiles in Republic of Serbia." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1196, no. 1 (2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1196/1/012031.

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Abstract Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a standardized way of quantifying the impact of a product or system on the environment. This study evaluates the environmental impact of 1 tone of clay roof tiles, produced in production plant in Serbia, defined and grouped by use of Product Category Rules (PCR). The purpose of this study is to determine: (1) life cycle stages of the product which have the major impact on the environment expressed as environmental impact categories; (2) the processes of clay roof tile production which have the most important effects on the environment also ex
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Piras, Giuseppe, and Adriana Scarlet Sferra. "Environmental Product Declarations as a Data Source for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts during the Use Phase of Photovoltaic Modules: Critical Issues and Potential." Energies 17, no. 2 (2024): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020482.

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In the context of policies promoting renewable energies for decarbonization, energy transition and the development of energy communities, photovoltaic systems require special attention. Even for these systems, it is legitimate to inquire about the correlation, currently carried out through life cycle analysis, between benefits and environmental impacts. To maintain long-term productivity levels and ensure the proper functioning of the system, maintenance interventions are necessary. While these interventions guarantee performance, they also have repercussions for the environment. This study ai
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Kutnar, Andreja, and Callum AS Hill. "Life Cycle Assessment – Opportunities for Forest Products Sector." Bioproducts Business 2, no. 6 (2017): 52–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1157119.

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The utilization of wood in long life products, such as construction materials in the built environment, is an e ective way to optimize the use of natural resources while also reducing negative environmental impacts. However, the environmental bene ts of timber, especially in the construction sector, are not always clearly understood. As a renewable material, timber is available in perpetuity if it is obtained from sustainably managed forests. Using timber in the built environment stores sequestered atmospheric carbon dioxide in long-life products and timber can be incinerated at the end of its
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Fontana, Riccardo, Luciano Vogli, Mattia Buratto, et al. "Environmental Microbiological Sampling in Civil Settings: Comparative LCA Analysis of Green Cleaning Techniques vs. Traditional Methods in Accordance with New Italian CAM Guidelines." Sustainability 17, no. 10 (2025): 4546. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104546.

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This research conducts a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) to examine both the ecological footprint and microbiological performance of eco-friendly and traditional cleaning methods in non-clinical environments. Conducted in accordance with the updated Minimum Environmental Criteria (CAMs), the research follows the principles and framework established by UNI EN ISO 14040 and 14044. Additionally, the assessment of carbon footprint (kg CO2e) adheres to ISO 14067:2018, with guidance from Product Category Rules (PCR 2011:03 v3.0.1). Our findings demonstrate that the Green Protocol implemented
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Laiblová, Lenka, Jan Pešta, Anuj Kumar, et al. "Environmental Impact of Textile Reinforced Concrete Facades Compared to Conventional Solutions—LCA Case Study." Materials 12, no. 19 (2019): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193194.

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Pitch-faced concrete is becoming a very popular element of modern architecture in the 21st century. In particular, the demand for concrete facades is increasing globally. On the other hand, climate change, environmental degradation, and limited resources are motivations for sustainable building materials. The construction industry is one the highest emitters of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, in which concrete plays a major role. Thus, reduction in the volume of concrete consumption is essential to control greenhouse gases. One approach to this problem is to use textile reinforced concrete (TR
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Storme, Matthias E. "The Structure of the Law on Multiparty-Situations in the 2009 Draft Common Frame of Reference." European Review of Private Law 17, Issue 4 (2009): 531–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2009036.

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ABSTRACT: This article tries to analyse in a comparative manner the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) 2009 rules relating to various types of multiparty situations in the law of obligations. It analyses more specifically the structure of the legal relationships in case of representation, stipulation in favour of a third party, assignment, (personal) subrogation, and some other situations that can be seen as situations with a change on the side of the creditor. Attention is given especially to the question on how the three single relationships relate to each other, including the defences o
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Product category rules (PCR)"

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Cabrol, Philippe. "Suggestion of generic Product Category Rules (PCR) for newbuildings." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-46489.

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This Master Thesis project consists in suggesting generic Product Category Rules (PCR) for newbuildings which will be in line with the requirements of the PCR for building product issued inFebruary 2006 by the Swedish Environmental Management Council. The suggestion for a PCRfor new buildings is meant to provide a structured framework to the real estate professionals fora reliable, comprehensive and verifiable communication of the environmental performance oftheir buildings. Typical examples of possible use of an environmental declaration of a newbuilding would be communication towards authori
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Quintas, Sara Cristina da Silva. "Avaliação do desempenho ambiental do aglomerado negro de cortiça." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/40520.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil<br>As soluções construtivas e os métodos utilizados na indústria da construção são responsáveis por elevados impactes ambientais. Atualmente, o custo associado às soluções construtivas é ainda o fator de maior peso na decisão final. Contudo, torna-se claro o crescente interesse por parte do setor da mudança de paradigma no setor através da procura de melhores soluções. De modo a facilitar essa escolha por parte dos compradores, de entre a variedade de materiais análogos, é necessária a análise e quantificação dos impactes associados a
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Belletête, Jonathan. "Représentations et fusion des algèbres de Temperley-Lieb originale et diluée." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16032.

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Les algèbres de Temperley-Lieb originales, aussi dites régulières, apparaissent dans de nombreux modèles statistiques sur réseau en deux dimensions: les modèles d'Ising, de Potts, des dimères, celui de Fortuin-Kasteleyn, etc. L'espace d'Hilbert de l'hamiltonien quantique correspondant à chacun de ces modèles est un module pour cette algèbre et la théorie de ses représentations peut être utilisée afin de faciliter la décomposition de l'espace en blocs; la diagonalisation de l'hamiltonien s'en trouve alors grandement simplifiée. L'algèbre de Temperley-Lieb diluée joue un rôle similaire pour des
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Books on the topic "Product category rules (PCR)"

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Schütze, Robert. The Rise of the Federal Model I. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803379.003.0005.

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What philosophy governs the European common market today? This chapter examines this question by exploring the doctrinal structure of Article 34 since Cassis de Dijon. It will be argued that after Cassis, the substantive structure of the European market could no longer be presented as a ‘new legal order of international law’. For the principle of mutual recognition ‘breaks’ the backbone of the international model, as each State loses a part of its (internal) sovereignty over its own (internal) market. This loss of sovereignty was first established for national rules relating to product require
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Book chapters on the topic "Product category rules (PCR)"

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Rangelov, Milena, Heather Dylla, and Nadarajah Sivaneswaran. "Environmental product declarations (EPDs)/product category rules (PCRs) of waste plastics and recycled materials in roads." In Plastic Waste for Sustainable Asphalt Roads. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85789-5.00015-0.

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Busetto, Barbara, Alessandro Bordignon, Anna Bortoluzzi, Stefano Milanesi, Andrea Paduano, and Andrea Mio. "Life Cycle Assessment in the Naval Sector: Between Certification and New Materials." In Progress in Marine Science and Technology. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pmst220067.

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In recent years, the maritime sector has become increasingly interested in environmental sustainability issues, leading to the development of innovative technologies and materials. Seldom these solutions were analyzed with a life cycle approach and, when this has been done, the studies have been carried out without a reproducible methodology. The lack of a standardized methodology based on Life Cycle Assessment prevents a fair comparison between studies carried out on different vessels or technological solutions. As a result, determining whether the new solution or the new material employed is
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Thakur, Subro SantiRanjan, Soma Bandyopadhyay, and Jyotsna Kumar Mandal. "Product Prediction and Recommendation in Sustainable E-Commerce Using Association Rule Mining and K-Means Clustering." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8579-4.ch012.

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The tremendous growth of customers and products in recent years poses some key challenges for recommender systems. These are producing high quality recommendations and performing many recommendations per second for millions of customers and products. New recommender system technologies are needed that can quickly produce high quality recommendations, even for very large-scale problems. The authors address the performance issues by scaling up the neighborhood formation process through the use of clustering techniques. By using association rule learning, it has been observed that customers who p
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Bhat, Chaitanya G., Joseph Shacat, and Amlan Mukherjee. "Technical and organizational challenges to developing product category rules for asphalt pavement construction." In Pavement, Roadway, and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003092278-11.

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Atefi, Aref. "Perspective Chapter: Epstein-Barr Virus – Emphasis on Diagnostic Approaches." In Epstein-Barr Virus - Emphasis on Molecular and Immunological Aspects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1003271.

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Classical methods (morphological, immunomorphological, virological, and serological) such as microscopic analysis, virus culture, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are used to diagnose Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. All the above methods are time-consuming and unusable for quick and accurate diagnosis of EBV, and the low sensitivity of these methods sometimes causes a delay in the start of treatment. Rapid development steps in molecular biology techniques have profoundly affected the detection of viral agents. Molecular methods can be classified into three main
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McLarty, Colin. "Groups." In Elementary Categories, Elementary Toposes. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198533924.003.0004.

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Abstract This chapter treats groups as an example of structures in a category. It presumes some familiarity with groups, and is not a prerequisite to later chapters. We begin with a category C with all finite products, called the base category. For convenience we suppose that C has a selected product A × B, p 1, p 2 for each pair of objects A and B. If C is in fact Set the definition gives the usual groups. A group in Data is a data type together with computable multiplication and inverse rules, a group in Top is a continuous group, and in Man it is a Lie group.
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Assefa, Getachew. "Life-Cycle Assessment-Based Environmental Performance Targets for Buildings." In Examining the Environmental Impacts of Materials and Buildings. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2426-8.ch007.

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The role of targets in delivering meaningful performance improvements for designing new buildings and retrofitting existing building stocks is important. A piecemeal approach of incomprehensive assessments around insignificant changes falls short of achieving deep cuts in impacts. Most of the current assessments are not based on well-defined performance targets. The chapter is centered around exploring the utility of the concept of planetary boundaries for setting well-grounded benchmarking systems in guiding the transformation of the built environment that significantly contributes to the ove
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Medhekar, Anita, and Farooq Haq. "Halal Branding for Medical Tourism." In Emerging Research on Islamic Marketing and Tourism in the Global Economy. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6272-8.ch008.

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This chapter explores the emergence and development of Halal branded hospitals and medical facilities as a product of Medical Tourism for Muslim patients around the world and in India. Halal tourism is a sub-category of spiritual tourism, where one has to abide by the Sharia law to satisfy Muslim customers. The main objective of the chapter is to focus on a niche category of halal medical tourism, where Sharia rules are followed to attract the medical tourist mainly from Islamic countries. This chapter also proposes a typology of Muslim medical tourist's cultural sensitivities and recommends b
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Schiller, Anne. "Order and Anti-Order in Natural and Supernatural Worlds." In Small Sacrifices. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095579.003.0004.

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Abstract The preceding description of the eschatological beliefs and mortuary celebrations of Hindu Kaharingan villagers, in particular those living along the upper-middle reaches of the Kahayan River, is the product not only of observation but also of long discussions with many celebrants. As we reviewed the format of these celebrations, I was struck by their insistence that the rituals were “correct”: “Jetuh hadat itah uluh Kahayan nah” (This is the way of us Kahayan people). This notion of the proper way is not restricted to death ritual only. From birth to death and even beyond, every aspe
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Duan, Xinjie, Adarsh Vasudevan, Ebru Turanoglu Bekar, Kanika Gandhi, and Anders Skoogh. "A Data Scientific Approach Towards Predictive Maintenance Application in Manufacturing Industry." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220148.

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Most industries have recently started to harness the power of data to assess their performance and improve their production systems for future competitiveness and sustainability. Therefore, utilization of data for obtaining insights through data-driven approaches is invading every domain of industrial applications. Predictive maintenance (PdM) is one of the highest impacted industrial use cases in data-driven applications due to its ability to predict machine failures by implementing machine learning algorithms. This study aims to propose a systematic data scientific approach to provide valuab
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Conference papers on the topic "Product category rules (PCR)"

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Blankenship, Kristen. "Material Selection for Sustainable Construction: Implications of Design Life on Carbon Footprint." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00611.

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Abstract As the global community pushes for reduced carbon emissions, understanding the role material selection plays in construction is increasingly critical. The gap of understanding between those tasked with setting the sustainable goals and the practitioners in the field can be wide. This paper will assess the role of Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) and Health Product Declarations (HPD) in design. Specifically it will describe the importance of design life and the impact it has on the final carbon footprint. It will offer a discussion of the current role that available product cat
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Spasojević-Šantić, Tea, Milica V. Vasić, and Zagorka Radojević. "CREATING ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATIONS (EPDS) FOR CLAY CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH EN 15804." In XXIX kongres DIMK i X kongres SIGP sa Međunarodnim simpozijumom o istraživanjima i primeni savremenih dostignuća u građevinarstvu u oblasti materijala i konstrukcija. Društvo za ispitivanje i istraživanje materijala i konstrukcija Srbije, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/29dimk.281s.

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Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for clay blocks and roof tiles are essential for achieving sustainability in the construction industry. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of these products includes all stages of their life cycle, providing information on their impact on the environment. Meeting the requirements and guidelines of the EN 15804 standard, the General Program Instructions (GPI) for the International EPD System and the Product Category Rules (PCR) for clay construction products ensures the validity and comparability of the EPD declarations. By using advanced tools in a special
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Rangelov, Milena, Heather Dylla, and Nadarajah Sivaneswaran. "Using environmental product declarations for green public procurement and life cycle assessment of concrete pavements." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/8ziapl8i.

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Environmental impacts of concrete production have been evaluated for more than a decade. As a result, a national program for environmental product declarations (EPDs) of concrete has been initiated. The main objective of this paper is to analyze concrete EPDs produced to date and evaluate their applicability for green public procurement (GPP) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) of concrete pavements. EPDs provide transparent and verified quantification of environmental impacts, calculated per predetermined guidelines, known as Product Category Rules (PCRs). PCRs for concrete were developed through
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Liu, Xu, Yingguang Li, Wei Wang, and Lihui Wang. "A Feature Based Method for Product-Oriented Representation to Manufacturing Resources in Cloud Manufacturing." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4031.

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In cloud manufacturing, resources are encapsulated into manufacturing services to be provided in the manufacturing cloud. Resources representation is the basis for resources encapsulation. However, traditional representation methods to manufacturing resources mainly focus on the static description and/or current status of equipment. Research in product-oriented representation to manufacturing capabilities is limited. As a result, the evaluation to resources in the manufacturing cloud is indirect which will complicate the decision making in service determination. This paper presents a feature b
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Münzer, Clemens, Kristina Shea, and Bergen Helms. "Automated Parametric Design Synthesis Using Graph Grammars and Constraint Solving." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70313.

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Computational design synthesis aims to support human designers throughout the design process. However, most approaches to date are limited to narrow parts of this process. The approach presented in this paper aims to respond to the need for a method that covers not only single aspects of the design process, but the whole design process from requirements to a dimensioned product concept, i.e. product architecture and related parameters. A generic approach is presented that covers requirements engineering, graph grammar-based concept architecture synthesis and automated parameterization of compo
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Arsenijević, Bojana. "Odgovornost za štetu od veštačke inteligencije." In Prouzrokovanje štete, naknada štete i osiguranje. Institut za uporedno pravo, Udruženje za odštetno pravo, Pravosudna akademija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_23.ons.08.

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The characteristics of the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies make it complicated to determine who should bear the responsibility in the case of the violation of legally protected human interests (causing damage). In the heart of the article are following questions: Should a person be responsible for the damage caused by the AI technologies, if we bear in mind the "independent decision- making process" of the AI? Should liability be borne by producers, owners or users of AI technologies? Can existing tort liability regimes apply to damage from the AI? Which liability regime should be ap
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Nessim, Maher A., Riski H. Adianto, and Mark J. Stephens. "Limit States Design for Onshore Pipelines: Methodology and Implications." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33434.

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A limit states design approach for onshore pipelines has been developed as part of a three-year joint industry project. The approach covers both natural gas and low vapor pressure (LVP) liquid pipelines and addresses key design conditions, including burst, equipment impact loads and plastic deformations during hydrostatic testing. The results are described in a set of design guidelines that can be used as a basis for a limit states design standard. The design methodology is based on two limit states categories, namely ultimate limit states representing large leaks and ruptures, and serviceabil
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Khaustova, Viktoriia, Olena Resetniak, and Natalia Truskina. "Analysis of the relationship between the concepts of "infrastructure threats" and "resilience of the population's quality of life"." In International scientific conference "Development Through Research and Innovation" IDSC-2025. Academy of Economic Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53486/dri2025.72.

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Abstract: In recent years, structural infrastructural changes have significantly affected the resilience of the quality of life of the population of Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the quality of life is a complex indicator that reflects the level of satisfaction with the environment (assessment of the state of infrastructure, the quality of services provided in various sectors of the economy, and living conditions created for the population) and the personal comfort of residents. As a result of the study, it was found that today there is no single scientific position on the definition o
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Reports on the topic "Product category rules (PCR)"

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Broekema, Roline, Roel Helmes, Marisa Vieira, et al. Product environmental footprint category rules for cut flowers and potted plants : Final version. Wageningen Economic Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/549543.

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Claro de la Maza, Jorge, and Roberto Camblor. Government Procurement and Free Trade in the Americas. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008614.

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Governments in many countries -at all levels of development- struggle with increasing budget deficits and soaring national debts. Over the last century, government spending, as a percentage of gross domestic product has tended to increase and with it has increased the range of services offered by governments and the volume of public procurement resulting from it. The growth in public procurement has been accompanied by a growth in public procurement legislation. As the public sector grew, a need made itself to seek assistance form the private sector to provide public services on a contractual
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