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Journal articles on the topic 'Product category rules (PCR)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Nadirah, I. M. A. D. Susila, A. L. Sihombing, et al. "Product category rules development as a reference for PROPER life cycle assessment reporting: recommendations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1267, no. 1 (2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1267/1/012040.

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Abstract The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) issued regulations regarding monitoring of company environmental performance (PROPER), which required companies to conduct LCA studies for their products to obtain a green or gold rating. The LCA report submitted in the PROPER program should refer to the specified guiding standards, namely Product Category Rules, which contain the necessary elements of product environmental footprint (PEF) for assessing environmental management performance evaluations to meet international standards and ensure acceptance by the international community. T

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Kim, Gwang Hyun, Yong Woo Hwang, and Yoon Sang Jeon. "A Study on the improvement of Environmental Product Declaration of Ready-mixed concrete." Korean Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 23, no. 1 (2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.62765/kjlca.2022.23.1.17.

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Since the revision of the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED), Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) of building materials has increased rapidly as additional points have been given to use building materials that have obtained EPD based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In particular, the cumulative number of (Environmental Product Declaration–EPD) of ready-mixed concrete (RMC) is increasing every year from 18 in 2018, 109 in 2019, 501 in 2020, and 809 in 2021. In order to increase the reliability of the current EPD results, this study aims to present an improvement pla

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Nadirah, A. I. Yanuar, E. S. Hasrito, et al. "Comparison study of environmental product declarations to develop passenger train in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1108, no. 1 (2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1108/1/012028.

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Abstract Passenger train products labelled as environmentally friendly now tend to be a requirement in world trade. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method for quantifying environmental performance using the Product Category Rules (PCR) document as a guideline referring to the ISO 14027 standard. This study aimed to determine the methodological requirements for the PCR draft for the Indonesian Rail-Vehicle Industry by comparing and analysing the Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) of three different rail vehicles. They were train A (from Europe) and train B and C (from non-Europe), which

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Mukherjee, Amlan, and Heather Dylla. "Challenges to Using Environmental Product Declarations in Communicating Life-Cycle Assessment Results: Case of the Asphalt Industry." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2639, no. 1 (2017): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2639-11.

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The objective of this paper is to discuss the challenges encountered in creating an environmental product declaration (EPD) program for asphalt mixtures that ensures the consistent, transparent, and reliable communication of life-cycle assessment (LCA) results between stakeholders in the paving industry. The formal process outlined in ISO 14025 for developing an EPD program has partially ameliorated the challenges that have deterred the adoption of LCA by requiring stakeholder participation and industrywide agreement on assumptions that define an LCA. This requirement has led to a new set of c

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Drpić, Aleksandar, Tea Spasojević-Šantić, and Zagorka Radojević. "Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) For Clay Roof Tiles-Case Study: Production Plant of Clay Roof Tiles in Republic of Serbia." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1196, no. 1 (2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1196/1/012031.

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Abstract Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a standardized way of quantifying the impact of a product or system on the environment. This study evaluates the environmental impact of 1 tone of clay roof tiles, produced in production plant in Serbia, defined and grouped by use of Product Category Rules (PCR). The purpose of this study is to determine: (1) life cycle stages of the product which have the major impact on the environment expressed as environmental impact categories; (2) the processes of clay roof tile production which have the most important effects on the environment also ex

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Piras, Giuseppe, and Adriana Scarlet Sferra. "Environmental Product Declarations as a Data Source for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts during the Use Phase of Photovoltaic Modules: Critical Issues and Potential." Energies 17, no. 2 (2024): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020482.

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In the context of policies promoting renewable energies for decarbonization, energy transition and the development of energy communities, photovoltaic systems require special attention. Even for these systems, it is legitimate to inquire about the correlation, currently carried out through life cycle analysis, between benefits and environmental impacts. To maintain long-term productivity levels and ensure the proper functioning of the system, maintenance interventions are necessary. While these interventions guarantee performance, they also have repercussions for the environment. This study ai

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Kutnar, Andreja, and Callum AS Hill. "Life Cycle Assessment – Opportunities for Forest Products Sector." Bioproducts Business 2, no. 6 (2017): 52–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1157119.

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The utilization of wood in long life products, such as construction materials in the built environment, is an e ective way to optimize the use of natural resources while also reducing negative environmental impacts. However, the environmental bene ts of timber, especially in the construction sector, are not always clearly understood. As a renewable material, timber is available in perpetuity if it is obtained from sustainably managed forests. Using timber in the built environment stores sequestered atmospheric carbon dioxide in long-life products and timber can be incinerated at the end of its

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Fontana, Riccardo, Luciano Vogli, Mattia Buratto, et al. "Environmental Microbiological Sampling in Civil Settings: Comparative LCA Analysis of Green Cleaning Techniques vs. Traditional Methods in Accordance with New Italian CAM Guidelines." Sustainability 17, no. 10 (2025): 4546. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104546.

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This research conducts a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) to examine both the ecological footprint and microbiological performance of eco-friendly and traditional cleaning methods in non-clinical environments. Conducted in accordance with the updated Minimum Environmental Criteria (CAMs), the research follows the principles and framework established by UNI EN ISO 14040 and 14044. Additionally, the assessment of carbon footprint (kg CO2e) adheres to ISO 14067:2018, with guidance from Product Category Rules (PCR 2011:03 v3.0.1). Our findings demonstrate that the Green Protocol implemented

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Laiblová, Lenka, Jan Pešta, Anuj Kumar, et al. "Environmental Impact of Textile Reinforced Concrete Facades Compared to Conventional Solutions—LCA Case Study." Materials 12, no. 19 (2019): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193194.

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Pitch-faced concrete is becoming a very popular element of modern architecture in the 21st century. In particular, the demand for concrete facades is increasing globally. On the other hand, climate change, environmental degradation, and limited resources are motivations for sustainable building materials. The construction industry is one the highest emitters of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, in which concrete plays a major role. Thus, reduction in the volume of concrete consumption is essential to control greenhouse gases. One approach to this problem is to use textile reinforced concrete (TR

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Storme, Matthias E. "The Structure of the Law on Multiparty-Situations in the 2009 Draft Common Frame of Reference." European Review of Private Law 17, Issue 4 (2009): 531–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2009036.

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ABSTRACT: This article tries to analyse in a comparative manner the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) 2009 rules relating to various types of multiparty situations in the law of obligations. It analyses more specifically the structure of the legal relationships in case of representation, stipulation in favour of a third party, assignment, (personal) subrogation, and some other situations that can be seen as situations with a change on the side of the creditor. Attention is given especially to the question on how the three single relationships relate to each other, including the defences o

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Almeida, Marisa Isabel, Ana Cláudia Dias, Martha Demertzi, and Luís Arroja. "Contribution to the development of product category rules for ceramic bricks." Journal of Cleaner Production 92 (April 2015): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.073.

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Ingwersen, Wesley, Vairavan Subramanian, Rita Schenck, et al. "Product category rules alignment workshop, October 4, 2011 in Chicago, IL, USA." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 17, no. 2 (2011): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0357-8.

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Subramanian, Vairavan, Wesley Ingwersen, Connie Hensler, and Heather Collie. "Comparing product category rules from different programs: learned outcomes towards global alignment." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 17, no. 7 (2012): 892–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0419-6.

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Anggraeni, Galuh Kemala, and Indra Gunawan Pratama. "Pengembangan Variasi Latihan Smash Bola Voli Berupa Video Tutorial Pada Ekstrakurikuler MA Maarif Sukorejo." Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains Dan Teknologi 3, no. 2 (2024): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/jpst.v3i2.1759.

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game rules. Nowadays, volleyball is not only played for health and fitness purposes, but has developed into a sports industry that demands achievement. High school students are quite interested in playing volleyball, because volleyball is easy to play anywhere. This type of research uses a development method using the Bord and Gall (2007) model which consists of 7 stages, namely, data collection, product design, expert validation testing, initial product revision, small scale product trials, large scale product trials, product results. Based on the digital media expert's validation test, a per

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Chintagunta, Pradeep K. "Investigating Category Pricing Behavior at a Retail Chain." Journal of Marketing Research 39, no. 2 (2002): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.39.2.141.19090.

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In studying retailer pricing behavior, researchers typically assume that retailers maximize profits across all brands in a focal product category. In this article, the author attempts to study empirically the extent to which three factors affect retail prices: (1) the effects of payments from manufacturers to the retailer other than regular promotions, as well as the effects of additional costs borne by the retailer for these brands; (2) the retailer's objectives specific to its store brand, such as maximizing store brand share; and (3) the effects of retail competition and store traffic. By s

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Huang, Haisong, Liguo Yao, Jyu-Shang Chang, Chieh-Yuan Tsai, and R. J. Kuo. "Using Product Network Analysis to Optimize Product-to-Shelf Assignment Problems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (2019): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081581.

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A good product-to-shelf assignment strategy not only helps customers easily find desired product items but also increases retailer profit. Recent research has attempted to solve product-to-shelf problems using product association analysis, a powerful data mining tool that can detect significant co-purchase rules underlying a large amount of purchase transaction data. While some studies have developed efficient approaches for this task, they largely overlook important factors related to optimizing product-to-shelf assignment, including product characteristics, physical proximity, and category c

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Siregar, Raja Koresy Melkisedek, Priskila Lambasa Septuagesima Siregar, and Raja Yosia Manahan Trinitas Siregar. "MISAPPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION RULES IN INDONESIAN LOCAL PRODUCTS." Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) 8, no. 2 (2024): 1849–58. https://doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v8i2.4495.

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Indonesia own a lot of rich variety of natural resource, ranking 2nd in globa Variety Index in 2022, But the more varied the natural resources, the more accurate regulation the nation needed to ensure the benefit of ts natural resources to be given to the local organizer and the people, in which is regulated in Statute no 20, Year 2016 about Trademark and Geographical Indication. Geographical Indication itself has its definition as a mark that show the origin of the local product as being influenced and inseparable by geographical factor, giving certain reputation and quality to its local prod

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Tang, Ying-Chan, Yu-Mei Wang, and Jiun-Yan Huang. "Optimal promotional strategy for intra-category cross-selling." British Food Journal 116, no. 1 (2013): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2011-0306.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate an optimal promotional strategy of intra-category cross-selling on culinary products for the fiercely competitive, fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry. Design/methodology/approach – A linear regression model and a Markov switching autoregressive model is used, that incorporates a retailing demand process to capture a nonlinear structure among promotional budget allocation, and evaluate promotional performance, and optimal promotional frequency within a given time span. Three product categories are applied with 39 months of time-series da

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Hanifa, Hanna Permata, and Muslikah Muslikah. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONFORMITAS TEMAN SEBAYA DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN DENGAN KEPATUHAN TERHADAP TATA TERTIB SEKOLAH." JURNAL EDUKASI: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling 5, no. 2 (2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/je.v5i2.5092.

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Through a preliminary study with High School Counseling Teacher from High School 01 Jatisrono, Wonogiri, Central Java that obedience to school rules is still in the low category. On the other hand, students in their teens have the characteristics to conform with high peers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer conformity in terms of gender with obedience to school rules. This research is a type of correlational quantitative research. Sampling using simple random sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 151 students spread throughout class XI. Measuring

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Bach, Vanessa, Annekatrin Lehmann, Marcel Görmer, and Matthias Finkbeiner. "Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) Pilot Phase—Comparability over Flexibility?" Sustainability 10, no. 8 (2018): 2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082898.

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The main goal of the European product environmental footprint (PEF) method is to increase comparability of environmental impacts of products within certain product categories by decreasing flexibility and therefore achieving reproducibility of results. Comparability is supposed to be further increased by developing product category specific rules (PEFCRs). The aim of this paper is to evaluate if the main goal of the PEF method has been achieved. This is done by a comprehensive analysis of the PEF guide, the current PEFCR guide, the developed PEFCRs, as well as the insights gained from particip

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Eberts, Ray E. "Do Design Tradeoffs Exist between Usability Features for Consumer Products?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (1997): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100194.

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The existence of design trade-offs between usability features for consumer products has been discussed in textbooks and other publications for many years (e.g., Norman, 1986). Tradeoffs occur because optimizing one feature will mean that another feature will suffer. A single product cannot be best across all dimensions of usability. In this study, NGOMSL (Natural Goals Operators Methods and Selection Rules Language) was used to model the usability of several consumer products (telephone answering machines, VCRs, calculators, and electronic organizers). In each product category, at least four d

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Huh, Kyungok, and Chul Choi. "Product Recall Policies and Their Improvement in Korea." Management and Production Engineering Review 7, no. 4 (2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2016-0034.

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Abstract This article aims to investigate recall policies for product safety in Korea and make suggestions for future improvements. Problematic issues in current recall policies are reviewed and analyzed. Based on survey results and previous studies, this article discusses the consumer perception of a recall. Consumers tend to regard a recall as a signal of poor quality. Furthermore, regulatory differences and weak penalties remain as obstacles to improving the recall system. Suggestions for the betterment of recall policies are derived from consultations with an expert panel and the applicati

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Fet, Annik Magerholm, and Christofer Skaar. "Eco-labeling, Product Category Rules and Certification Procedures Based on ISO 14025 Requirements (6 pp)." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, no. 1 (2006): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/lca2006.01.237.

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Islam, Md Rabiul, Mst Sahela Rahman, and Radha Rani Paul. "Exploring Bangladesh‟s Pharmaceutical Purchase Trends: Perspectives from Periodicity Analysis and Association Rule Mining on Retail Transactions." Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology 07, no. 03 (2024): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2024.7311.

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This investigation explores consumer pharmaceutical purchasing behaviors using an extensive data set from Bangladeshi medical supply vendors. Over 29 months, we analyzed 30,947 transactions involving 3,016 unique items. By employing association rule mining, we identified common product purchase combinations and recurrent patterns reflecting customer behavior and market dynamics. We thoroughly analyzed association rules and periodic items to understand how varying support and confidence levels impact rule formation and product recognition. As support levels increase from 0.5% to 5%, fewer but m

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Pambudi, Duwi Kurnianto, and Suharjana Suharjana. "Pengembangan video pembelajaran sinyal-sinyal wasit bola basket untuk guru penjasorkes sekolah menengah atas." Jurnal Keolahragaan 6, no. 1 (2018): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jk.v6i1.11880.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan video pembelajaran sinyal-sinyal wasit sesuai dengan Fiba rules 2014 untuk Guru Penjasorkes SMA. Metode penelitian ini meliputi : (1)potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain, (5) revisi desain, (6) ujicoba produk, (7) revisi produk, (8) ujicoba pemakaian, (9) revisi produk,(10) produksi masal. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 33 guru. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket lembar penilaian produk dengan disertai lembar saran dan masukan untuk revisi produk. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif den

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Bor, Mustafa Vakur, Boe Sandahl Sørensen, Paul Rammer, and Ebba Nexø. "Calibrated user-friendly reverse transcriptase-PCR assay: quantitation of epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 6 (1998): 1154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.6.1154.

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Abstract We report a competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) assay and a calibrated user-friendly RT-PCR assay (CURT-PCR) for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA. A calibrator was prepared from isolated rat liver RNA, and the amount of EGFR mRNA was determined by competitive RT-PCR. In CURT-PCR, a calibration curve was developed by plotting the ratio between the amount of PCR product originating from the calibrator and the RNA internal standard vs the amount of EGFR mRNA present in the calibrator. A fixed amount of RNA internal standard was coamplified with the EGFR mRNA presen

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Gao, Hongming. "The Impact of Topological Structure, Product Category, and Online Reviews on Co-Purchase: A Network Perspective." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 18, no. 1 (2023): 548–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18010028.

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Understanding the relationships within product co-purchasing is crucial for designing effective cross-selling and recommendation systems in e-commerce. While researchers often detect co-purchase rules based on product attributes, this study explores the influence of consumer behavior preferences and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) on co-purchase formation by analyzing the topological network structure of products. Data were collected from a major Chinese e-retailer and analyzed using an exponential random graph model (ERGM) to identify the factors affecting the formation of follow-up purchases

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Jakutis, Algirdas. "MODELLING OF ECONOMICS REGULATIONS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 10, no. 3 (2004): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2004.9637665.

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Economics may be presented in the form of corroborated rules. Economics may be defined as a science consisting of economic principles, laws, features, criteria, limitations, axioms, etc. Each listed entity may be divided into categories. Categories (category ‐ instruction) are theoretical concepts meaning the most important aspects of restoration of reality. Categories are forms giving theoretical meaning to practical experience. Categories give names to economic phenomena. Categories are presented and analysed in textbooks, reference books, and encyclopaedias. Categories are interconnected si

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Drăgulănescu, Irina Virginia, Ane-Mari Androniceanu, and Irina Georgescu. "Innovation and sustainability in product environmental management systems." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, no. 1 (2022): 805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0075.

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Abstract The environment theme has taken on considerable importance in consumer purchasing choices. Through voluntary environmental policy tools (product certifications, ecological labels and company certifications) the producers demonstrate their attention to environmental issues. The paper analyzed the environmental impacts, that is, the consumption of resources and emissions to the environment for a product of animal origin, analyzing the production process of the entire production chain of High-Quality milk of a leading Italian company. The Group has an integrated approach to quality polic

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Fitriani, Firmansyah Dlis, and Aan Wasan. "EVALUATION OF FOOTBALL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AT ASIOP FOOTBALL ACADEMY IN JAKARTA." Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 12, no. 02 (2021): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/gjik.122.07.

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This study aims to evaluate the context component (program background, vision, and mission, objectives, strategies, organizational structure), and training development programs and management programs, evaluate the Input component (systems for recruiting and coaching trainers, facility support, student recruitment and coaching systems, training program, parental support and views, financial support, and enforcement of rules). To evaluate the components of the process implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the program. To evaluate the components of the product (individual and team results

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Zhou, Shuchang, and Yan Dai. "Optimization modeling of vegetable pricing replenishment strategy based on machine learning." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 82 (January 26, 2024): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/7e2eyv05.

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Fresh supermarkets are affected by commodity attributes and transaction time, and usually need to be replenished every day. It is of great significance to study the distribution law of sales volume of each category and single product, and to give replenishment and pricing strategies for the commercial supermarket to maximize its revenue. Based on the machine learning method, this paper analyzes the sales flow records of a supermarket in the past three years, obtains the sales rules of each category, and establishes a dynamic optimization model for subsequent pricing and replenishment decisions

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Minkov, Nikolay, Laura Schneider, Annekatrin Lehmann, and Matthias Finkbeiner. "Type III Environmental Declaration Programmes and harmonization of product category rules: status quo and practical challenges." Journal of Cleaner Production 94 (May 2015): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.012.

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Golsteijn, Laura, Lindsay Lessard, Jean-Florent Campion, et al. "Developing Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR) for shampoos: The basis for comparable life cycle assessment." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 14, no. 5 (2018): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4064.

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Fet, Annik Magerholm, Christofer Skaar, and Ottar Michelsen. "Product category rules and environmental product declarations as tools to promote sustainable products: experiences from a case study of furniture production." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 11, no. 2 (2008): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-008-0163-6.

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Czerniachowska, Kateryna, and Marcin Hernes. "A Heuristic Approach to Shelf Space Allocation Decision Support Including Facings, Capping, and Nesting." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020314.

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Shelf space on which products are exhibited is a scarce resource in the retail environment. Retailers regularly make decisions related to allocating products to their outlets’ limited shelf space. The aim of the paper was to develop a practical shelf space allocation model offering the possibility of horizontal and vertical product grouping, representing an item (product) with facings, capping, and nesting, with the objective of maximizing the retailer’s profit. Because real category-management problems address a lot of retailer’s rules, we expanded the basic shelf space allocation model, usin

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Muliza, Deliani, and Ratna Soraya. "Pengembangan LKPD Cerita Hikayat Bermuatan Toleransi Siswa Kelas X SMA." Sintaks: Jurnal Bahasa & Sastra Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2021): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.57251/sin.v1i1.120.

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This study aims to describe the product in the form of saga story worksheets containing tolerance for class X high school students, to describe the validation of saga story worksheets to instill tolerance values in students according to material and design experts for class X high school students, to describe the feasibility of validating saga story worksheets to instill Tolerance values for students according to material and design experts for grade X high school students. The research method is used as a reference in conducting research. With the research method, the author will have no

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Danilov-Danilyan, V. I., and O. M. Rosenthal. "Environmental Standardization in the System of Technical Regulation." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 7 (2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-7-57-61.

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The main sources of environmental hazards at various stages of the product life cycle are described, and ways are offered to remedy the current situation by: creating uniform rules for ensuring the environmental safety of products, taking into account its specific characteristics; the development of standards, the technical requirements of which would protect the environment from the harmful effects of products at all stages of its life cycle; the formation of a new category of standardization – regional standards that ensure the environmental safety of technical regulation, taking into accoun

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Volkov, A. V., and A. G. Demieva. "THE LEGAL NATURE OF DIGITAL GOODS IN MODERN ECONOMIC REALITIES." Ex jure, no. 3 (2024): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2619-0648-2024-3-54-60.

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the article is devoted to the assessment of the essential characteristics of a digital product. Attention is drawn to the fact that there is no consensus in the legal doctrine on the legal nature of a digital product. It is clarified that some difficulties in the legal qualification of digital goods are also related to the peculiarities of its civil turnover, in particular, the transformation of the classical concept of “property”, the platformization of civil legal relations, contractual digital interaction, in addition, the turnover itself occurs in addition to specific borders of states (fo

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Latchumaya, S. R., M. N. S. S. Hameed, P. Arkappan, R. J. Sreedharam, and P. Sandrasaigaran. "Assessment of bacteriological quality and Escherichia coli O157: H7 in ready-to-eat street foods." Food Research 5, no. 2 (2021): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).480.

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Ready-to-eat (RTE) street foods are usually prepared well in advance (4-8 hrs) before the sale. Owning to minimal cooking procedures, cross-contaminations, and abused holding temperature and time, there is a high probability for deteriorating microbiological quality in these foods. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the bacteriological quality of RTE foods sampled from night markets and street stalls based on the guidelines provided by the Public Health Laboratory Service. A total of fifty samples (category 2, 3 and 4) were evaluated for aerobic colony count, total coliform, and E. coli. The

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Calabrese, Bernardo. "Product and process functionality in shapes necessary to obtain a technical result under EU Trademark Law." REVISTA LEX MERCATORIA Doctrina, Praxis, Jurisprudencia y Legislación 2, no. 1 (2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/lex.v2i1.891.

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Product and process functionality in shapes necessary to obtain a technical result under EU Trademark Law European Union law permits to register the shape of goods as a trademark, providing an ad hoc set of rules governing this particular category of signs . Both EU Trademark Directive and EU Trademark Regulation (with identical wording) codify three special absolute grounds for refusal or invalidity. These concern “signs which consist exclusively of: (i) the shape which result from the nature of the goods themselves; (ii) the shape of goods which is necessary to obtain a technical result; (ii

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Hunt, Kathryn, and Lars Chittka. "False memory susceptibility is correlated with categorisation ability in humans." F1000Research 3 (July 4, 2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4645.1.

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Our memory is often surprisingly inaccurate, with errors ranging from misremembering minor details of events to generating illusory memories of entire episodes. The pervasiveness of such false memories generates a puzzle: in the face of selection pressure for accuracy of memory, how could such systematic failures have persisted over evolutionary time? It is possible that memory errors are an inevitable by-product of our adaptive memories and that semantic false memories are specifically connected to our ability to learn rules and concepts and to classify objects by category memberships. Here w

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Hunt, Kathryn, and Lars Chittka. "False memory susceptibility is correlated with categorisation ability in humans." F1000Research 3 (October 16, 2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4645.2.

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Our memory is often surprisingly inaccurate, with errors ranging from misremembering minor details of events to generating illusory memories of entire episodes. The pervasiveness of such false memories generates a puzzle: in the face of selection pressure for accuracy of memory, how could such systematic failures have persisted over evolutionary time? It is possible that memory errors are an inevitable by-product of our adaptive memories and that semantic false memories are specifically connected to our ability to learn rules and concepts and to classify objects by category memberships. Here w

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Nguyen, Huyen Ngoc, and Donghee Yoo. "Can Online Consumer Reviews Identify Key Evidence Regarding Common Consumer Choices for High-Tech Pet Products?" Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 18, no. 4 (2023): 1878–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18040095.

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Online consumer reviews (OCRs) significantly influence consumer purchase decisions for new products. Therefore, today’s companies actively seek practical approaches for analyzing these OCRs. This study proposes a comprehensive method for OCR analysis using topic modeling and association rule analysis to overcome the current limitations in topic interpretation and topic overlap in text mining. Meanwhile, to examine the development of the high-tech industry and customer interest in the pet care field, this study synthesizes and analyzes reviews from consumers who are using healthcare products in

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Bhamare, Bhavana R., and Jeyanthi Prabhu. "A supervised scheme for aspect extraction in sentiment analysis using the hybrid feature set of word dependency relations and lemmas." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (February 5, 2021): e347. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.347.

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Due to the massive progression of the Web, people post their reviews for any product, movies and places they visit on social media. The reviews available on social media are helpful to customers as well as the product owners to evaluate their products based on different reviews. Analyzing structured data is easy as compared to unstructured data. The reviews are available in an unstructured format. Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis mines the aspects of a product from the reviews and further determines sentiment for each aspect. In this work, two methods for aspect extraction are proposed. The dat

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Waterman, David. "Unbranding: Disenfranchising Terrorism, Disenchanting Terror." Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference 4 (2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30658/icrcc.2021.16.

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The Theory of Brand Reduction (TBR), or unbranding, genericizes an organizational brand in order to reduce or limit its impact within its category or brand group. Unbranding asserts a product is identified by its brand and is perceived by stakeholders based on the characteristics of that brand. For example, terror is a product of some organizations - a means to an end - usually political in natural. Unbranding posits the center of gravity (COG) of an extremist group or organization is its brand. Current and previous counter-terrorism efforts have addressed elements of products but not the sour

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Ralli, Angela. "Compounding and its locus of realization: Evidence from Greek and Turkish." Word Structure 6, no. 2 (2013): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2013.0044.

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This article deals with the locus of realization and the grammatical nature of compounds. First, it suggests that a proper delineation of compounding should be given on formal grounds and that an approach relying on pure semantics is misleading. Second, it proposes that the diversity of views for defining compounding and the variety of theoretical approaches that are put forward for the analysis of compounds are highly dependent on the data under examination. Third, it defends the position that compounding cuts across two grammatical domains, morphology and syntax, assuming that they are disti

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JELEA, Stela Gabriela, Marian JELEA, Lucia MIHALESCU, Zorica VOŞGAN, and Oana Corina JELEA. "Monitoring Food Additives and Nutritional Composition of Labels of Food Bases." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 76, no. 1 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2018.0007.

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During June, 2017, ten products from the food bases category have been studied. The companies and the products types were noted and the manufacturer’s labels were studied. It has been found that the rules on the labeling of food bases are respected. The study had the following objectives: studying the ingredients and the nutritional composition and identifying the additives used in the manufacture of the product. Studying product labels also highlighted an increased salt and sugar content. The percentage of dehydrated vegetables was between 4.49% and 38%. The vegetables content was different f

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Zhang, Na, Wei Xu, and Yong Tan. "Multi-attribute hierarchical clustering for product family division of customized wooden doors." BioResources 18, no. 4 (2023): 7889–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.4.7889-7904.

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To improve the production system for customized wooden doors and to gain research and development efficiency, this paper proposed the feasibility of using hierarchical clustering algorithms to cluster a company’s customized wooden door products and its application to rational product family architecture. The particular use of multi-attribute feature data to locate products and the integration of image data into the database can make the original hierarchical clustering more compatible and adaptable for application to customized wooden doors. The preprocessed data was analyzed by clustering to

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Lähteenmäki-Uutela, Anu, Moona Rahikainen, María Teresa Camarena-Gómez, Jonna Piiparinen, Kristian Spilling, and Baoru Yang. "European Union legislation on macroalgae products." Aquaculture International 29, no. 2 (2021): 487–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00633-x.

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AbstractMacroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety and consumer protection are the priorities with any new products. Macroalgae products can be sold as traditional herbal medicines. The novel food regulation applies to macroalgae foods that

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D'LIMA, C. B., and T. V. SUSLOW. "Comparative Evaluation of Practical Functionality of Rapid Test Format Kits for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Lettuce and Leafy Greens." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 12 (2009): 2461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.12.2461.

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Multistate outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in 2005 and 2006 associated with fresh and especially minimally processed produce greatly escalated the application of rapid pathogen detection systems to safety management in this food category. Pathogen testing was rapidly integrated into preharvest qualification for field lots, incoming raw produce, or final product. The raw produce and final product were incorporated into test-and-hold programs, typically within a 10-h time frame. To enhance consumer safety and provide guidance for the industry, an assessment of selected kits in co

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