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1
Manuere, Faitira, Tendai Joseph Mabvure, Obert Sifile, and Piason Viriri. "Today’s Knowledge Economy and Firm Growth: A Study of Small to Medium Enterprises in the Manufacturing Sector of Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i2.13318.
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Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe are characterized by high failure rates. This failure rate has been attributed to poor leadership, poor funding and lack of technology. The contribution of knowledge management to SMEs growth has received very little attention from researchers in Zimbabwe. Hence this study makes an effort to investigate the relationship between knowledge management models and SMEs growth. Data were collected from 32 SMEs owners in the Makonde District of Zimbabwe. Pearson’s product moment was used as a tool for data analysis. The independent variables are knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage and knowledge dissemination. The dependent variable is SMEs growth. The findings show that knowledge management positively correlates to SMEs growth. To that end the study recommends that effective models of knowledge management must be used to boost the growth of SMEs in Zimbabwe.
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Nyakuwanika, Moses, Huibrecht Margaretha van der Poll, and John Andrew van der Poll. "A Conceptual Framework for Greener Goldmining through Environmental Management Accounting Practices (EMAPs): The Case of Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 10466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810466.
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Goldmining contributes substantially to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Zimbabwean economy through revenue generated from exports, however it also incurred numerous challenges to the environment. Amongst others, these challenges embody ecological degradation; water and air pollution; and depletion of natural resources. In this paper, we establish the effects of mining operations on the environment through a comprehensive literature review, and how the integration of environmental management accounting practices (EMAPs) such as material flow cost accounting (MFCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and activity-based costing (ABC) could be integrated into a conceptual framework to address environmental challenges. EMAPs were chosen as they generate both physical and monetary data, which could promote transparency in material usage within the goldmining sector. Our analyses revealed a substantial body of literature on separate and individual EMAPs, yet very little was found on the integration of EMAPs. The main contribution of this work is the development of an integrated conceptual EMAPs framework on the strength of sets of qualitative propositions, aimed at promoting green goldmining for Zimbabwe as a developing economy. Future work would involve the validation of the framework among key stakeholders in the Zimbabwean goldmining industry.
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Moyo, Bekezela, and Edinah Moyo. "SMEs Management Practices in a Hostile Business Environment in Zimbabwe." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation 4, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v4i1.10722.
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A great deal of extant literature has emphasised the importance of SMEs role in the economic performance of any country. It is this realization that has propelled almost all countries to nurture their SMEs so as to achieve economic development. This paper intends to interrogate the management practices adopted by SMEs in Zimbabwe, particularly in Gweru metropolitan albeit the macro factors that bedevilled the country to date. To achieve this discussion, emphasis will be drawn to the adoption and adaptation of management practices by these SMEs particularly in four facets: management of human resources, cash management, management of capital assets, and management of the product/service. This is a conceptual paper and a qualitative research design is going to be used to define the methodology of this paper. A cross sectional survey is proposed for this study, using a sample size of fifty SMEs who will be chosen using purposive and snowballing sampling methods. Questionnaires will be administered on the chosen sample and this will be followed by semi-structured interviews on five cases that will constitute the main cases for discussion and confirmation. Data will be analysed using a thematically data analysis approach as put forth by respondents narrating their encounters.
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Mudzengi, Boycen Kumira, Edson Gandiwa, Never Muboko, Chiedza Ngonidzashe Mutanga, and Simon Chiutsi. "Ecotourism resilience: The case of Mahenye community project, Chipinge District, Zimbabwe." April 2021, Volume 10(2) (April 30, 2021): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.111.
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Zimbabwe has endured economic, socio-political and biophysical environmental changes that have resulted in ecotourism facing significant challenges. The Mahenye community ecotourism project has however, managed to withstand these challenges over time. This research sought to analyse the factors influencing the resilience of community ecotourism at Mahenye, Chipinge District, southeast Zimbabwe from 1982 to 2020. Research methods included desktop research, key informant interviews, critical content analysis, observations and researchers’ prior knowledge about Mahenye. The factors influencing ecotourism resilience at Mahenye included resource richness and attractiveness, tourism-product diversification, intra-communal cohesiveness, social energy, a supportive private sector and non-governmental organizations and management of risk factors. These factors ensured that the venture remained operational despite socio-economic, political and biophysical change. It is hoped the resilience lessons and experiences from Mahenye can be shared and adapted to enhance the success of other similar ecotourism ventures under changing operating environments.
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Nyoni, Josphat, and Stephen Mago. "Strategies and Performance Nexus in the Zimbabwean Manufacturing Sector during the Economic Crisis." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(165).
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The performance and the contribution of the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector to the Gross Domestic Product, employment and export revenues has declined significantly since 1996. However, some manufacturing firms are operating at more than 60% capacity utilisation and posting positive profit margins. This shows significant performance variation of firms operating in the same business environment which may be a result of variation the strategies used by firms. Knowledge of the most effective strategies in economic crisis will help several manufacturing firms that are currently struggling to survive in the economic crisis. The main goal was to determine the strategies used by manufacturing firms during the period of economic crisis in Zimbabwe. In addition the study also sought to establish the most effective strategies that improved the performance of manufacturing firms in period of an economic crisis.The study used the descriptive research design, which is also a type of the conclusive research design. A survey questionnaire was administered to 272 firms in the nine sub-sector of the manufacturing sector that are currently operational. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence of the strategies on the profitability of firms of different sizes.The results of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between strategies with a greater emphasis on analysis and pro-activeness and performance. In addition results of the study indicated that there is a negative and significant relationship between strategies oriented towards aggressiveness and riskiness and performance. Keywords: management strategy, business performance, manufacturing, economic crises, Zimbabwe
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Matura, Phanos, Joseph Mbaiwa, and Stephen Mago. "Marketing Mix Strategies of Small and Medium Tourism enterprises in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 10(3) (June 30, 2021): 1025–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-147.
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The study sought to identify the marketing mix strategies of small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs), focusing on lodges and hotels of Masvingo Province in Zimbabwe. The continued low business performance by SMTEs in Masvingo Province motivated the study. The marketing mix theory underpinned the study. The ten tourism marketing mix strategies, namely product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, programming, packaging, and partnership were the strategy variables of the study. The study employed a quantitative research approach. An online structured questionnaire was used to collect data from all the 250 owners and managers of SMTEs. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for the analysis of data. The main study findings were that SMTEs in Masvingo Province use all the ten tourism marketing mix strategies, albeit with varying degrees of application. The three most used strategies were product, packaging, and price. The three least used strategies were people, programming, and partnership. The moderately used strategies were physical evidence, promotion, place, and process. The value of this study relates to the use of a ten tourism marketing mix framework by SMTEs. Implications are that study organisations may not reach full performance potential due to unequal use of the ten tourism marketing mix strategy elements.
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Mutsikiwa, Munyaradzi, Clay Hutama Basera, Kossam Dhliwayo, and Jonatan Muzangwa. "The Effectiveness of Marketing Mix Strategies on Competitiveness: A Case of Food Micro and Small Enterprises in Masvingo, Zimbabwe." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2007): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v2i1.1415.
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The study seeks to investigate how Food Micro and Small Enterprises (FMSEs) (particularly restaurants) employ the 7Ps marketing mix strategy framework to enhance competitiveness measured in terms of patronage. The major emphasis is centred on the synergistic contribution of product, price, place, promotion, physical evidence, people, and process to enhancing competitive advantage to the enterprise. The researchers adopt a descriptive survey research design which enables them to establish consumers propensity to frequent the FMSE outlets. The sample size includes 95 regular customers and 20 people from management. The major findings of this research indicates that, the application of the 7ps framework plays an insignificant role in enhancing competitiveness serve for product and place variables
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Maware, Catherine, and Olufemi Adetunji. "Lean manufacturing implementation in Zimbabwean industries: Impact on operational performance." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 11 (January 1, 2019): 184797901985979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979019859790.
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The impact of Lean Manufacturing (LM) implementation on organizational performance is an ongoing discussion. The effect of implementing LM tools on operational performance across various industries in Zimbabwe, a country with an unstable real gross domestic product is evaluated. A structural model of LM that is aligned with the Toyota Production System (TPS) house was proposed. A structured survey questionnaire was used for the collection of data in identified companies. Of the 600 companies contacted, 214 useful responses were obtained implying a response rate of 35.6%. The structural and operational models were tested using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and SmartPLS 3. The result indicated that operational performance was improved by implementing the selected LM tools.
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Muchena, Frederick Farai, and Osaro Aigbogun. "The Role of Strategic Innovation in the Sustainability of Healthcare Service Businesses in Zimbabwe: The Case of PSMI Limited." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(140).
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This study evaluates the extent to which product, technology, service, and process innovations influence the sustainability of Healthcare service businesses. The context of the study is Premier Service Medical Investments (PSMI) Limited, Zimbabwe. A quantitative research, with a deductive approach was conducted using a self-administered structured questionnaire which was anchored on a 7-point Likert scale for gathering survey primary data. A purposively recruited sample of 350 employees with leadership responsibilities, were drawn from executive, middle management and supervisory levels. After testing and validating the reliability and validity of the questionnaire measures, a logistic regression was run to test the research hypotheses. The results reveal the following: Service Innovation had a positive relationship with Sustainability, indicating that a unit increase in Service Innovation has an effect of a 256% increase in odds of Sustainability. Product Innovation had a negative relationship with Sustainability, indicating that a unit increase in Product Innovation has an effect of a 13% decrease in odds of Sustainability. Technology Innovation had a positive relationship with Sustainability, indicating that a unit increase in Technology Innovation has an effect of a 25% increase in odds of Sustainability. Process Innovation had a positive relationship with Sustainability, indicating that a unit increase in Process Innovation has an effect of a 117% increase in odds of Sustainability. Moreover, using the linear regression method, the variable Service Innovation indicated that with an additional service, Sustainability increases by 27.1%. Technology Innovation showed that with an additional technology, sustainability increases by 4.3%. Process Innovation indicated that with an additional process, Sustainability increases by 36.6%. From the results, using the both the logistic and linear regression models, the findings indicate that strategic innovation significantly influences sustainability of healthcare services business in Zimbabwe. Arising from this research, sustainability of healthcare care business is seen to be triggered and driven by all 4 types of innovation evaluated in this research, namely: service, process, product and technology. It is recommended that these innovation dimensions be implemented within a defined internal environment supported by an innovation hub. Keywords: Sustainability, Strategic Innovation, Logistic Regression, Linear Regression, Process Innovation, Service Innovation, Product Innovation, Technology Innovation
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Chakaipa, Absai, Vitalis Basera, Memory Chakaipa, and Phamela Dube. "Measuring Hospitality and Tourism Management Students’ Satisfaction with Work Related Learning Using Partial Least Squares in Zimbabwe." Hospitality & Tourism Review 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/hospitality-tourism-review.v2i1.259.
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Purpose: The study assessed Tourism and Hospitality Students’ satisfaction with work-related learning (WRL) attachment using a two-stage extended model proposed by Taylor and Geldenhuys (2019). It also intends to determine if there are significant student satisfaction differences between males and females and between the students pursuing bachelor or diploma in Tourism and hospitality. Also, the study assessed if there is a moderation effect of a third variable (intermediate) on expectation and perception to students’ satisfaction.
Method: Data were collected from 488 students using a survey instrument at the onset and at the end of the attachment. Analysis of results was done using both SPSS 23 and R 4.0.3. The study also applied the Multi-Group Analysis-Partial Least Squares (MGA-PLS) analysis permutation to test students’ satisfaction.
Results: The research found no significant differences between males and females, and the students’ category (bachelor and diploma) on both Expectation-Satisfaction and Perception-Satisfaction relationship in model A. However, the study found significant differences between males and females in the perception-satisfaction relationship in Model B. The MGSA-PLS results revealed that male students have a positive and significant effect on the perception-satisfaction relationship as opposed to a negative and insignificant effect for females. The moderating effect test revealed that a third construct, INTER - Intermediate variable (a product of construct Perceptions and Expectation) has a positive impact on student satisfaction.
Implications: There is a need for collaboration between hospitality industry players and academics in curriculum design, so as to meet the demands of the industry.
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Madzikova, Alex, and Gwendoline Vusumuzi Nani. "The Role of Intrapreneurship on the Growth of Iron and Steel Manufacturing Companies in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 1(J) (April 9, 2020): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i1(j).3021.
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This study sought to find out the role of intrapreneurship on the growth of iron and steel manufacturing companies in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. A post-positivist paradigm, a mixed method approach and a cross sectional design were adopted for the investigation. Three hundred and fifteen (315) middle management and supervisory staff drawn from twenty-two (22) iron and steel manufacturing companies in Bulawayo participated. Multiple stratified random sampling and heterogeneous purposive sampling were used to choose two hundred (200) respondents for the quantitative study and eight participants for the qualitative study respectively. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were the data collecting instruments for quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative data was thematically analysed. Findings revealed that innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking were the key dimensions of intrapreneurship. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses showed the prominent measures of company growth in the iron and steel manufacturing companies as financial, employee numbers, productivity, and product range. Statistically intrapreneurship was found to be correlated to the growth of the iron and steel manufacturing companies. The study drew the following conclusions. Firstly, intrapreneurship is not a preferred strategy for driving growth in the iron and steel manufacturing companies in Bulawayo. Secondly, financial and product range were identified as the key measures of company growth. Thirdly, company support for intrapreneurship and individual’s intrapreneurial disposition were statistically linked to company growth. The study recommended that companies should motivate and support employees’ innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking through ideas, actions and work. Measurement of company growth should be expanded to include qualitative measures.
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Mbengo, Pinigas, and Maxwell A. Phiri. "Mobile banking adoption: a rural Zimbabwean marketing perspective." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c1p6.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the determinants that inhibit mobile banking adoption by the rural unbanked in Zimbabwe. The researchers conducted an extensive literature search. The references consulted were categorically analysed and articles were considered to compile the findings of this paper. The study provides a contribution to practice by providing a better understanding of issues associated with mobile banking diffusion mechanisms that aid the adoption of mobile banking systems. The main findings of the research indicate that there is a slow and often annoying adoption of mobile banking within Zimbabwe by the rural unbanked due to a considerable number of inhibitive factors. This research reveals the nature of adoption that may reliably inform service providers about strategies to consider when appealing to this market segment. The study also shows that mobile banking adoption cannot ignore the use of marketing oriented factors in order to avoid the assumption of being myopic by considering only the product based variables to assess behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking services as identified in Technology Acceptance Model. However, the literature review also reveals that there are virtually no substantive theoretical researches which adequately extend the TAM using all the marketing mix elements. Therefore Technology Acceptance Model is extended using the marketing mix elements to better predict the behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking by the rural unbanked. This research, having studied the behaviour of the rural unbanked, argues that mobile banking service providers are likely to develop tailor-made integrated marketing mix strategies in order to financially include this market segment. The paper recommends for future research to use the additional marketing mix elements of physical evidence, processes and people in the adoption of mobile banking services by the rural unbanked.
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Mawanza, Wilford. "Foreign Exchange Exposure Management Practices by Zimbabwe's Tourism and Hospitality Companies: A Case for the Depreciation of Rand (2014-2016)." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 4(J) (September 5, 2016): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i4(j).1368.
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One of the key challenges for tourism and hospitality in the Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) region is currency behaviours and Exchange rate regime choices. When a company engages in international business foreign currency risk management becomes a crucial part of doing business and the tourism industry of Zimbabwe was not spared on this issue. The objective of this research was to assess the foreign exchange (forex) Exposure Management Practices by Zimbabwe's tourism and hospitality companies. The study was done through a survey on 28 operators in Zimbabwe. A qualitative research approach was adopted in analysis of the data It was found out that the most commonly used ways of reducing the exposure by Zimbabwe's tourism companies were the amicable and mixed-method approaches, of receiving the currency and use it in the country of origin to import materials, matching receipts and payments in foreign currency, risk shifting though it come with low volumes and compromised repeat business. The study recommended that companies and the entire economy must consider invoicing products and services in Rands and even use the rand as a reporting currency. If for example tourism and hospitality players would price regional tourists especially from South Africa and other Rand countries, ignoring the impact of rand depreciation, it would mean that Zimbabwe's tourism and hospitality providers will be in direct competition with the former's own local service providers based on rand priced packages.
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Saruchera, Fanny, and Maxwell Agabu Phiri. "Technological innovations performance and public-private-partnerships." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 4 (2016): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4c4p4.
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The research institutes’ dilemma in successfully bringing their breakthrough technological innovations to the market has remained major concern in most developing economies. Zimbabwe is no exception. The theory of Public-Private-Partnerships (PPPs) and their increasing applicability in especially the provision of public facilities and services has commanded some research interest worldwide. However, not much attempts have been made to unlock the value in the PPP’s capability in enhancing commercialization of technological innovations, worst still from a developing economy’s perspective. This paper explores the role of PPPs in ensuring successful Research and Development, and Commercialization (R & D-C) of research outcomes. Guided by a systematic literature review on key success factors of PPPs, cases of two forms of PPPs (a Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) PPP, and a concession contract) were studied and their operations were monitored and evaluated, in comparison to institutes not engaged in any partnership – to supplement data obtained through key informant interviews. The study established that research institutes engaged in PPPs had relatively fewer commercialization challenges for their output as compared to those who were not engaged. However, it emerged that there are limitations regarding observance of the critical success factors, thereby hindering progress of the prevailing PPPs. The findings of this study imply that there are limited understandings surrounding the value that could be unlocked in commercializing research institutes’ innovations through PPPs. To the few existing PPPs, there is lack of integrative frameworks for the management of, and success of the PPPs. Anchored on promoting ideal collaborations in which all key values are honoured, the study proposes a framework that emphasizes a collaboration in which the public research institute concentrates on research and development, while the private firm partner uses her market analytics to focus on getting the product to the market.
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Makoni, Tendai, and Delson Chikobvu. "Modelling International Tourist Arrivals Volatility in Zimbabwe Using a GARCH Process." April 2021, Volume 10(2) (April 30, 2021): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-123.
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The aim of the paper was to develop bootstrap prediction intervals for international tourism demand and volatility in Zimbabwe after modelling with an ARMA-GARCH process. ARMA-GARCH models have better forecasting power and are capable of capturing and quantifying volatility. Bootstrap prediction intervals can account for future uncertainty that arises through parameter estimation. The monthly international tourism data obtained from the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA) (January 2000 to June 2017) is neither seasonal nor stationary and is made stationery by taking a logarithm transformation. An ARMA(1,1) model fits well to the data; with forecasts indicating a slow increase in international tourist arrivals (outside of the Covid-19 period). The GARCH(1,1) process indicated that unexpected tourism shocks will significantly impact the Zimbabwe international tourist arrivals for longer durations. Volatility bootstrap prediction intervals indicated minimal future uncertainty in international tourist arrivals. For the Zimbabwe tourism industry to remain relevant, new tourism products and attraction centres need to be developed, as well as embarking on effective marketing strategies to lure even more tourists from abroad. This will go a long way in increasing the much-needed foreign currency earnings needed to revive the Zimbabwean economy.
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Nyagadza, Brighton, and Tatenda Nyauswa. "Parametric insurance applicability in Zimbabwe: a disaster risk management perspective from selected practicing companies." Insurance Markets and Companies 10, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ins.10(1).2019.04.
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This study seeks to explore the possibility of adopting parametric insurance to manage disaster risk in Zimbabwe. The background of the research is caused by recurrent natural disasters and the failure of the government to offer disaster relief after such events. The main objective of the research is to come up with the success factors of adopting parametric insurance to manage disaster risk and its effectiveness in African countries. The study population consists of 32 employees from seven reinsurance companies and 5 from a regulatory body. Self-administered questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data. The study assumes that Zimbabwe does not have sufficient infrastructure to establish parametric insurance, and the lack of financial capacity is another major problem. 61% of respondents confirmed that they were underwriting natural disasters and the remaining 39% were not. The natural disasters that are being covered in insurance market and under which insurance products are used were at 61%. About 39% of the reinsurance companies that are not underwriting natural disasters cited the major reasons why they do not. Most of respondents confirmed that there was no support from the government to underwrite catastrophic risks. 57% of the respondents indicated that it is not possible to adopt parametric insurance, whilst 43% of the respondents agreed that it was practical. Recommendations are made for the government and insurance providers, which include use of catastrophe bonds, government incentives and support, the creation of a clearing house and the involvement of international organizations and developing countries in adopting parametric insurance.
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STILES, DANIEL. "The ivory trade and elephant conservation." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 4 (December 2004): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001614.
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In response to significant elephant population declines in the 1970s and 1980s because of poaching for ivory, the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) banned the international trade in Asian and African elephant species by listing them on Appendix I in 1973 and 1989, respectively. Many southern African countries disagreed with the African elephant trade ban and have continued to argue against it since the mid-1980s. They maintain that their governments practise sound wildlife management policies and actions and, as a consequence, their national elephant populations have reached unsustainable size. They argue that they should not be penalized because other countries cannot manage their wildlife. Further, they say they need the proceeds from ivory and other by-product sales to finance conservation efforts. In 1997, the CITES Conference of Parties voted to allow Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe to auction off 50 tonnes of government ivory stockpiles to Japanese traders on a one-off experimental basis, which took place in 1999. Ivory trade opponents allege that this sale stimulated ivory demand, resulting in a surge of elephant poaching. Nevertheless, CITES voted again in 2002 to allow Botswana, Namibia and South Africa to auction off another 60 tonnes of ivory after May 2004. Trade opponents have launched an active campaign to prevent the sales, warning that they could provoke a renewed elephant holocaust. This paper reviews available quantitative evidence on ivory trade and elephant killing to evaluate the arguments of the ivory trade proponents and opponents. The evidence supports the view that the trade bans resulted generally in lower levels of ivory market scale and elephant poaching than prevailed prior to 1990. There is little evidence to support claims that the 1999 southern African ivory auctions stimulated ivory demand or elephant poaching. Levels of elephant poaching and illegal ivory trading in a country are more likely to be related to wildlife management practices, law enforcement and corruption than to choice of CITES appendix listings and consequent extent of trade restrictions. Elephant conservation and public welfare can be better served by legal ivory trade than by a trade ban, but until demand for ivory can be restrained and various monitoring and regulation measures are put into place it is premature for CITES to permit ivory sales.
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Tawedzegwa Musitini, Abbysinia Mushunje, and Joseph Muroiwa. "Feeding Management and Extent of Commercialisation among the Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 4(J) (September 26, 2019): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i4(j).2916.
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This study assessed the effects of grazing and feeding management on the extent of commercialization among the smallholder dairy farmers in Zimbabwe. Using a sample of 225 smallholder dairy farming households selected randomly across 11 smallholder dairy cooperatives in Zimbabwe, data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the ordinary least squares regression method. The study used milk yield as a proxy for commercialization. Farmers whose cows produced higher yield were considered more commercialized than farmers whose cows produced a lower yield. The results indicated that access to better pastures, better feed types, more area under fodder and more feeding frequency positively impact on milk yield. This result indicates that smallholder farmers with better access to enough, appropriate and consistent feed obtain better milk yield from the dairy cows while the poor quality and quantity of feeds are the primary reasons why most smallholder dairy farmers in developing countries like Zimbabwe continue to produce low/uneconomic milk yields. Since purchased dairy feed concentrates are essential in enhancing milk yield, the study recommends that farmers who can afford these should continue using them and where applicable agro-dealers selling these inputs should be supported to establish selling outlets within the farmers reach. However, given the cost of the commercial dairy feeds visa the economic capacity of smallholder milk producers, the study recommends farmer to consider producing their feed by putting more area under fodder than buying commercial feed.
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Nhongo, Kuitakwashe, Zvikomborero Hoko, and Jameson Kugara. "Investigating disinfectant by-products in Harare potable water supply, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (June 6, 2018): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.104.
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Abstract Formation of disinfectant by-products was investigated in the Harare water supply system from February to April 2015. Sampling sites were selected from the lake, Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works and critical points in the distribution system. The spatial variations of trihalomethanes and selected water quality parameters were investigated for 15 sampling points in 5 sampling campaigns to assess suitability for drinking. All trihalomethane species were measured, namely chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform. Only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were detected. The study confirmed that there is trihalomethanes formation in the Harare water distribution system and that it is affected by the residence time and presence of organic matter in the system. However, the levels of trihalomethanes are generally within the levels suggested by the World Health Organization. Only bromodichloromethane presents a risk for long-term exposure as it had levels that exceeded the limit for long-term exposure suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Bromodichloromethane, turbidity and free residual chlorine levels were not suitable for drinking in some of the zones. Boosting of chlorine residuals is necessary especially in areas with free chlorine less than 0.2 mg/L. Injection of ammonia, periodic cleaning of storage reservoirs, and flushing of lines will reduce trihalomethanes formation.
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Muchandiona, Charity, Nicholas Z. Kakava, and Charles Makanyeza. "The effect of consumer ethnocentrism on the acceptance of imported grocery products in Harare, Zimbabwe." Cogent Business & Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1963167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1963167.
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Mhiribidi, Delight, Joel Nobert, Webster Gumindoga, and Donald T. Rwasoka. "Optimal water resource allocation modelling in the Lowveld of Zimbabwe." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (May 29, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-67-2018.
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Abstract. The management and allocation of water from multi-reservoir systems is complex and thus requires dynamic modelling systems to achieve optimality. A multi-reservoir system in the Southern Lowveld of Zimbabwe is used for irrigation of sugarcane estates that produce sugar for both local and export consumption. The system is burdened with water allocation problems, made worse by decommissioning of dams. Thus the aim of this research was to develop an operating policy model for the Lowveld multi-reservoir system.The Mann Kendall Trend and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to assess the variability of historic monthly rainfall and dam inflows for the period 1899–2015. The WEAP model was set up to evaluate the water allocation system of the catchment and come-up with a reference scenario for the 2015/2016 hydrologic year. Stochastic Dynamic Programming approach was used for optimisation of the multi-reservoirs releases.Results showed no significant trend in the rainfall but a significantly decreasing trend in inflows (p < 0.05). The water allocation model (WEAP) showed significant deficits ( ∼ 40 %) in irrigation water allocation in the reference scenario. The optimal rule curves for all the twelve months for each reservoir were obtained and considered to be a proper guideline for solving multi- reservoir management problems within the catchment. The rule curves are effective tools in guiding decision makers in the release of water without emptying the reservoirs but at the same time satisfying the demands based on the inflow, initial storage and end of month storage.
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Bara, Alex, and Pierre LeRoux. "Technology, Financial Innovations and Bank Behavior in a Low Income Country." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 4(J) (September 14, 2018): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i4(j).2423.
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Technology has enabled banks to introduce new products that integrate markets, simplify operations and enable expansion of business at low cost, expand to new markets, take new risks and deepen their markets. Zimbabwe registered significant growth in adoption and diffusion of financial innovations over the past two decades, which coincided with a shift in the structure of credit portfolios of banks, and growth in credit as well as risk appetite. This study empirically evaluates the impact of financial innovations in influencing bank behaviour, specifically, portfolio structure risk appetite and delivery channels of banks in Zimbabwe. The study applied co-relational analysis, Fully Modified OLS and the Dynamic OLS estimation models as well as Autoregressive Granger causality approaches. Empirical results show that technology has the capacity to influence activities of banks in risk management, credit and delivery of banking service in lowincome countries. Precisely, financial innovation influences increase in credit towards previously high-risk areas, compositions of credit portfolios in banks and support growth in number of bank accounts. Causality was found to run from financial innovation to bank behaviour, and only in the long run.
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Mutenje, M. J., G. F. Ortmann, and S. R. D. Ferrer. "Management of non-timber forestry products extraction: Local institutions, ecological knowledge and market structure in South-Eastern Zimbabwe." Ecological Economics 70, no. 3 (January 2011): 454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.09.036.
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Mwenje, Judith, and Freedom Mukanga. "A Study of Value Addition by Information Systems to a Service Providing Business at the Meteorological Services Department in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Management Excellence 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v8i1.868.
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Many companies are using only a portion of what is needed in terms of Information Technologies (IT) and this has caused the researcher to study how best MSD can effectively utilize Management Information Systems (MIS). The objective that directed the study was to investigate value addition by information systems to a service providing business with specific reference to the weather station in Zimbabwe (Meteorological Services Department). Knowing the value added by MIS to one’s business and working environment is key to cope with the ever increasing challenges such as the volume of information resources, nature and quality of information, user needs and expectations, information and communication technology competencies and infrastructure, inflated cost of information resources and staffing needs. The researcher studied how information systems add value to the daily business of Meteorological Services Department (MSD) in the following areas of the organisation processes: products, quality, management, problem solving and decision of the organisation. The study on value addition by management information systems will assist in the improvement of the MSD in Zimbabwe.
The study used a multistage sampling process for drawing sample from the target population. Secondary and primary data collection methods were used for data collection purposes. The source for primary data was questionnaire. Five different types of Management Information Systems that add value to the MSD were identified; Management Information Systems, Office Automation Systems, Executive Support Systems, Expert Systems, Decision Support System and Transaction Processing System. From the findings it was concluded that management information systems add value by allowing valid decisions which provide accurate and up-to-date information and performing analytic functions.
This study demonstrated the importance of information systems in an organisation and outlined the fundamental roles of Information Systems (IS) which are to support business processes and operation, support decision making by employees and managers and support strategies for competitive advantage.
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Chingozha, Misheck, and Kwashirai Zvokuomba. "Infrastructure Vandalism and Protection in a Vulnerable Zimbabwean Environment: Review of the Structural Materialism Theory." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c6355.0910321.
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Many institutions are facing or have faced challenges related to vandalism of equipment and property in Zimbabwe. This criminal phenomenon is not only restricted and peculiar to this country but is experienced in other regions of the world, however with variations. The purpose of the study is to explore and unpack the various dimensions of infrastructure vandalism by gazing at Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA) a power utility in Zimbabwe. The level of vandalism has been increasing unabated resulting in in a multitude of undesirable effects on the power utility and the economy as a whole. A plethora of stimulants have been seen to be triggering and sustaining the theft and vandalism of the infrastructure which targets copper conductors, copper windings, oils and the poles in the majority of cases. The study adopted the mixed method approach due to its technical advantage of converging and merging qualitative and quantitative data in order to provide comprehensive results and produce new knowledge claims. This methodological framework was guided by the structural materialism theory which is an off shot of the critical criminology perspective. Thus, the study found out that infrastructure vandalism is representative of a broader dysfunctional socioeconomic system of a country riddled by poverty, unemployment and the absence of mores and values within communities. Consequently, the levels of infrastructure vandalism have spiraled to unprecedented levels. The study concludes that the government is failing to sufficiently address the macro-economic fundamentals as way of discouraging citizens from engaging in crime and criminality while the traditional leaders are not being respected yet they have a significant role they can play in promoting the stability and serenity of communities. In view of these conclusions the study recommends that all stakeholders contribute towards the protection of all infrastructure and migrate to digitalize the protection of such infrastructure as well as promulgation of appropriate pieces of legislation.
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Kufa Nyamayedenga, Victor, and Maria Tsvere. "Real Time Data Capture: A Response to Unsustainable Dumping of Disposable Diapers and Sanitary Pads in Gweru City, Zimbabwe." July to September 2020 1, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2020v01i02.0021.
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The sustainable management of used disposable diapers and sanitary pads (Absorbent Hygienic Products) is undoubtedly a topical issue in municipalities across the developing world. This article is based on a bigger study which investigated how the city of Gweru can best manage this waste using a model that adjusts itself in response to real time data. Purposive and cluster sampling were employed to select the wards and the respondents respectively. Data was gathered using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Particularly, semi-structured questionnaires were augmented by observations and in-depth interviews of key informants. The study found out that the municipality in Gweru was fighting a problem they had not yet measured; hence they were acting on vague data. Results of this study are likely to stimulate further research on how real time data on waste can be gathered. The results are also likely to shape the future of waste management in cities across the developing world. The main contribution of this study to the existing body of literature is its recommendation on the usage of real time data to drive waste management.
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Edward, Mufandaedza, Z. Moyo Doreen, and Makoni Paul. "Management of non-timber forest products harvesting: Rules and regulations governing (Imbrasia belina) access in South-Eastern Lowveld of Zimbabwe." African Journal of Agricultural Research 10, no. 12 (March 19, 2015): 1521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2013.7720.
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Solfiah, Yeni Solfiah, Devi Risma, Hukmi, and Rita Kurnia. "Early Childhood Disaster Management Media Through Picture Story Books." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/141.10.
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Indonesia is a country that has a high potential for natural disasters. Picture story book is a form of disaster management learning that can help children from an early age to prepare for a natural disaster. The aims of this study to develop story books as a disaster management learning media, to improve knowledge and skills of children and teacher about the understanding, principles, and actions of rescue when facing the natural disasters, to increase the teacher’s learning quality in disaster management. Developmental research approach is used to execute the study. A total of 48 children aged 5-6 years have to carry out pre-test and post-test. Pre-test data shows that children's knowledge about disaster management with an average of 47.92% and its improved at post-test with 76,88%. Five theme of story books involves floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, lands and forest fires is the product. Dissemination of five story books are proper for children and improve their understanding of disaster management.
Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Management Disaster, Storybooks
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Henson, Spencer, Oliver Masakure, and David Boselie. "Private food safety and quality standards for fresh produce exporters: The case of Hortico Agrisystems, Zimbabwe." Food Policy 30, no. 4 (August 2005): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.06.002.
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Siwadi, Patience, and Theuns Pelser. "Exploring Technological Capabilities To Resuscitate The Zimbabwean Manufacturing Sector." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i3.9234.
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There is widespread agreement that manufacturing concerns require a level of technological capabilities to be able to compete in a globalized economy. This study sought to examine the technological capabilities necessary for the resuscitation of the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector. The sector has been under a lot of pressure mainly from cheaper and sometimes better quality products hailing from international players. With antiquated machinery and having been closed in during and after sanctions, the sector understands the need for up scaling their TCs. The study used data from a non-probability judgemental sample of 77 companies across 6 subsector who had capacity utilization of up to 80%. Return on Assets (ROA) was used to measure performance and was the dependent variable. A total of 14 independent variables were regressed using a bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. Five distinct technological factors proved to positively influence company performance. The significance for industry is that the 5 variables clearly hover around increase in technological capabilities and the support of human resources and information systems to go with it and directs strategists to what they need to recover in the Zimbabwean economy.
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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "Critical success factors of unit trusts investments. A case study approach." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 3 (2015): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i3c4p1.
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This study mainly focused on investigating the critical success factors of unit trusts using a case study approach. Countries that were part of the case study analysis include South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malaysia, United Kingdom and Singapore. Very few studies have so far focused on the critical success factors of unit trusts. Although some empirical studies have revealed the conditions under which unit trusts can be said to be viable, it appears the literature on the critical success factors on unit trusts is very scant. Lambrechts (1999), Woodlin (2003) and Nicoll (2005) are some of the few empirical researchers who explained unit trusts viability or success. However, the absence of focus on critical success factors of unit trusts among previous empirical studies prompted this study. This study revealed the following as critical success factors of unit trusts. These include unit trusts public education, better disclosure standards, government support, effective unit trusts products distribution channels, deregulation of unit trusts industry, stringent and prudent unit trusts regulation, deregulation of service charges and management fees, absence of trustee monopoly, relaxed exchange control regulations, unit trusts differentiation strategy, fund management specialization, financial sector liberalization, improved unit trusts regulation and favourable tax incentives. The study recommends that authorities should ensure these critical success factors are in place and well implemented to ensure the viability of unit trusts in their countries
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Tuholske, Cascade, Andrea E. Gaughan, Alessandro Sorichetta, Alex de Sherbinin, Agathe Bucherie, Carolynne Hultquist, Forrest Stevens, Andrew Kruczkiewicz, Charles Huyck, and Greg Yetman. "Implications for Tracking SDG Indicator Metrics with Gridded Population Data." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137329.
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Achieving the seventeen United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires accurate, consistent, and accessible population data. Yet many low- and middle-income countries lack reliable or recent census data at the sufficiently fine spatial scales needed to monitor SDG progress. While the increasing abundance of Earth observation-derived gridded population products provides analysis-ready population estimates, end users lack clear use criteria to track SDGs indicators. In fact, recent comparisons of gridded population products identify wide variation across gridded population products. Here we present three case studies to illuminate how gridded population datasets compare in measuring and monitoring SDGs to advance the “fitness for use” guidance. Our focus is on SDG 11.5, which aims to reduce the number of people impacted by disasters. We use five gridded population datasets to measure and map hazard exposure for three case studies: the 2015 earthquake in Nepal; Cyclone Idai in Mozambique, Malawi, and Zimbabwe (MMZ) in 2019; and flash flood susceptibility in Ecuador. First, we map and quantify geographic patterns of agreement/disagreement across gridded population products for Nepal, MMZ, and Ecuador, including delineating urban and rural populations estimates. Second, we quantify the populations exposed to each hazard. Across hazards and geographic contexts, there were marked differences in population estimates across the gridded population datasets. As such, it is key that researchers, practitioners, and end users utilize multiple gridded population datasets—an ensemble approach—to capture uncertainty and/or provide range estimates when using gridded population products to track SDG indicators. To this end, we made available code and globally comprehensive datasets that allows for the intercomparison of gridded population products.
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Akello, Juliet, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Bwalya Katati, Joseph Atehnkeng, Joao Augusto, Chama M. Mwila, George Mahuku, David Chikoye, and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay. "Prevalence of Aflatoxin- and Fumonisin-Producing Fungi Associated with Cereal Crops Grown in Zimbabwe and Their Associated Risks in a Climate Change Scenario." Foods 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020287.
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In most sub-Saharan African countries, staple cereal grains harbor many fungi and some produce mycotoxins that negatively impact health and trade. Maize and three small grain cereals (sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet) produced by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe during 2016 and 2017 were examined for fungal community structure, and total aflatoxin (AF) and fumonisin (FM) content. A total of 800 maize and 180 small grain samples were collected at harvest and during storage from four agroecological zones. Fusarium spp. dominated the fungi associated with maize. Across crops, Aspergillusflavus constituted the main Aspergillus spp. Small grain cereals were less susceptible to both AF and FM. AF (52%) and FM (89%) prevalence was higher in maize than in small grains (13–25% for AF and 0–32% for FM). Less than 2% of small grain samples exceeded the EU regulatory limit for AF (4 µg/kg), while <10% exceeded the EU regulatory limit for FM (1000 µg/kg). For maize, 28% and 54% of samples exceeded AF and FM Codex guidance limits, respectively. Higher AF contamination occurred in the drier and hotter areas while more FM occurred in the wetter year. AF exposure risk assessment revealed that small grain consumption posed low health risks (≤0.02 liver cancer cases/100,000 persons/year) while maize consumption potentially caused higher liver cancer rates of up to 9.2 cases/100,000 persons/year depending on the locality. Additionally, FM hazard quotients from maize consumption among children and adults were high in both years, but more so in a wet year than a dry year. Adoption of AF and FM management practices throughout the maize value chain coupled with policies supporting dietary diversification are needed to protect maize consumers in Zimbabwe from AF- and FM-associated health effects. The higher risk of health burden from diseases associated with elevated concentration of mycotoxins in preferred maize during climate change events can be relieved by increased consumption of small grains.
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Majoni, Cuthbert, Deliwe Tembachako, and Anyway Katanha. "APPRAISING THE VIABILITY OF QUAIL (CHIHUTA) FARMING. PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES. A CASE OF BINDURA URBAN FARMERS IN ZIMBABWE." Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 47, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2018.00338.
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Quail production refers to the rearing of birds, meticulouslychosen with the use of comparatively exhaustive systems,for meat, eggs or other purposes. The study was carriedout in Bindura urban area to evaluate the viability of urban quailfarming. A total of 40 urban quail farmers selected throughsnowball sampling, and 10 key randomly selected informantswere interviewed. Semi-structured interview guides were used,addressing such topics as history, ownership, management,opportunities, challenges and business records of urban quailfarming in Bindura town, Zimbabwe. A descriptive analysisof data was performed. As shown by the results, the rearing ofquails is a new agricultural business in the history of Zimbabwe.The main challenges highlighted by urban quail farmersincluded inadequate housing facilities, insufficient space, theft,predation, inadequate knowledge, fluctuations in market prices,inability to access credit and misconceptions in urban agriculturepolicies. Despite the challenges cited above, urban quailfarmers manage to provide eggs and meat to their families andrelatives. Urban quail farming proved to have the potential toboost family income and reduce poverty to some extent. Also,it provides an opportunity for academic research on the allegedmedicinal properties of quails. The study concluded that urbanquail farming plays an important, yet unexplored, role for thelivelihoods of the urban population. The study recommendspolicy changes that address the following issues: new developmentsin urban agricultural planning; awareness and educationcampaigns for various stakeholders; monitoring and coordinatingurban agricultural activities; and provision of loans andother credit facilities. The study also proposes the governmentto support quail farmers through the establishment of processingfacilities for quail products.
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Ndhlovu, Phillip. "The State of Preparedness for Digital Curation and Preservation: A Case Study of a Developing Country Academic Library." IASSIST Quarterly 42, no. 3 (December 12, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/iq929.
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Digital technologies have allowed libraries to create, manipulate, store and make accessible vast amounts of digital content. However, they endanger the longevity of the very objects they produce and require very different management than the traditional paper-based world. Despite the fact that the National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Library in Zimbabwe has amassed a huge body of digital collections, there are no formal mechanisms to ensure accessibility and long-term preservation of digital content. The study assessed the state of preparedness of NUST Library for digital curation and preservation of its digital collections. The conceptual framework was based on Sinclair et al. (2011) and Boyle, Eveleigh, and Needham’s (2008) formulations. NUST Library preparedness for digital curation and preservation was assessed by examining awareness, competencies, technology infrastructure, digital disaster preparedness and challenges to digital curation and preservation. A mixed methods research design employing a case study research strategy was adopted for the study. The findings revealed a low level of awareness of digital curation and preservation. Challenges to digital curation are mainly lack of policies, lack of expertise by library staff and lack of funding. It is recommended that the Library should consider digital curation and preservation as one of the primary responsibilities and take staff members’ training in this area seriously in order to ensure current and future access to digital collections.
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Sembajwe, Rita, Tendai Shamu, Fortunate Machingura, and Henry Chidawanyika. "Implemention of a Laboratory Information System in Zimbabwe." Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 10, no. 1 (May 22, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v10i1.8909.
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Objective: Understand the challenges that exist in the Zimbabwe health systems, that could be addressed through the integration of a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS).Understand key aspects for consideration when selecting and adapting a LIMS in a resource limited setting.Showcase improvements in laboratory information management processes following adoption of a LIMS.Introduction: Zimbabwe's National Health Laboratory Services faces multiple challenges related to inadequate financial support and skilled human resources, insufficient infrastructure, and inefficient tracking of clinical samples collected by health facilities. The slow turnaround time and poor management of the sample testing process, as well as delivery of results remain critical challenges. Compounding these problems further is a manual system for tracking large volumes of samples. This laborious and time-consuming process is inefficient for management of high amounts of incoming medical samples, frequently resulting in incomplete and inaccurate data. Additionally, health facilities are unable to monitor clinical samples and results in transit, leading to misplaced samples and missing results. Furthermore, although the laboratory service runs on a tiered network system - with lower level laboratories referring surveillance samples to higher level laboratories, processing of samples is not fulfilled promptly. The solutions to these challenges are divergent - sometimes even pointing in different directions. To this end, the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) has identified and integrated a LIMS to improve tracking of samples from the time of collection through results delivery.Methods: Our methods included an environmental needs assessment, user requirement analysis, followed by a LIMS customization and integration. The overarching aim has been to integrate the electronic open source BIKA LIMS into Zimbabwe’s national health information systems (HIS), to improve laboratory information management.The user requirements gathering exercise, included focus group discussion meetings with potential LIMS users, and direct observations, to guide the establishment of LIMS specifications. The needs assessment focused on the system functionality. Specifically, it investigated those aspects that would improve the ability: to track clinical samples such as creating and activating an ‘alerting’ capability when results are not reported within the set turnaround time; for users to see lists and counts of clinical samples at various testing levels; to uniquely identify samples received in the laboratories. Guided by these requirements, an environmental scan of off-the-shelf and open source LIMS platforms was conducted to identify a few options for the Zimbabwe context. Primary factors for shortlisting included: an existing community of practice for support; interoperability; customizability and configurability; and local awareness of the platform. In a LIMS national user’s meeting, involving relevant levels of the health system (Laboratories, Central, Provincial and District hospitals), a review of LIMS platform options was performed to narrow down selections. It evaluated the extent to which the user requirements (Workflow, equipment interface, result management, inter-operable, quality control, and stock management) were being met. Based on the evaluation, a single system (LIMS) was selected, adopted and adapted for use at six representative laboratories, including Zimbabwe’s National Microbiology Reference Laboratory.On-Site classroom and desk-side training, for knowledge transfer to local LIMS users, characterised the implementation phase. Local champions were identified from laboratory technicians and equipped to offer first line support. Both on-site and remote support was provided to LIMS users. The monitoring phase is ongoing, using interview guides and LIMS user meetings to understand challenges and ways to improve the system.Results: A LIMS was successfully customized and integrated into Zimbabwe’s national health information system infrastracture in six regional laboratories, to improve overall laboratory information management, timeliness of reporting and quality control. Since its full implementation between 2013 and 2017, average turnaround time for results improved significantly from 10 to 21 days in 2013 to only 3 days in 2017. Data quality improved; the number of untested clinical samples reduced from an average of 6 in 100 in 2013, to average of less or equal to 1 in 100, in 2017 . Also, there have been observed improvements in Zimbabwe's laboratory information management workflow and results reporting. High user satisfaction and increased LIMS use have led to the demand for LIMS expansion to additional laboratories. The LIMS has also managed to reduce the time required to produce disease notification reports.Conclusions: LIMS are proving to be an effective method for tracking samples and laboratory results in low resource settings like Zimbabwe. LIMS has provided an efficient way for record, store, and track timely reporting of laboratory data, allowing for improved quality of data. Overall, LIMS has increased efficiency in laboratory workflow and introduced the ability to adequately track samples from time of collection.
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Mutekwe, Le-roy T., Chengedzai Mafini, and Elizabeth Chinomona. "Supply chain risk management and operational performance in the food retail industry in Zimbabwe." Acta Commercii 20, no. 1 (December 9, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ac.v20i1.863.
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Orientation: Supply chain risk management in the Zimbabwean business context is under researched, presenting numerous opportunities for further empirical investigations. This article is an attempt to address manifest research gaps in this area, using the food retail environment as a practical case.Research purpose: To investigate the nexus between supply chain risk management and operational performance in the food retail industry in Zimbabwe.Motivation for the study: The food retail industry in Zimbabwe faces numerous supply chain risks, as most of the products sold are imported. It is essential to understand how the management of these supply chain risks impacts the operational performance of firms.Research approach, design and method: The study employed a quantitative survey design, using a sample of 227 food retail firm managers and supply chain professionals based in Harare. The collected data were analysed using structural equation modelling.Main findings: The results of the study showed significant positive relationships between supply chain risk management and risk information sharing and risk analysis and assessment. Further significant positive relationships were observed between risk analysis and assessment and risk-sharing mechanisms. In turn, risk-sharing mechanisms significantly predicted operational performance. However, no significant direct relationship was observed between supply chain risk management and operational performance.Practical/managerial implications: The study demonstrates that the operational performance of food retailing firms can be improved significantly through the institutionalisation of the mediating variables (risk information sharing, risk analysis and assessment, risk-sharing mechanisms) considered in this study. Management in the food retail industry may use the results of this study as a problem-solving framework for addressing operational constraints.Contributions/value-add: The study provides information that aids in the understanding of supply chain risk management, risk information sharing, risk analysis and assessment, risk-sharing mechanisms and operational performance, as well as the connection between them in a food retail context.
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Nyandoro, Mark. "The Gowe Irrigation co-operative society and its role in Sanyati (Zimbabwe), 1967-1969." Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 3, no. 2 (April 11, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/td.v3i2.331.
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The paper focuses on the origins and development of agricultural co-operative societies in Zimbabwe since 1954 with particular reference to Gowe-Sanyati and evaluates their role in facilitating the channelling of production inputs to farmers and the marketing oftheir produce. It examines the criteria for eligibility to membership of such associations, namely who could belong and who could not, as well as their administrative structures and practices. In addition, the paper evaluates the societies’ impact on their members, on African development and on the national economy. In 1954 the Government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) began investigations on the needfor co-operative societies (co-ops) in order to promote African development through facilitating the acquisition of production inputs and the marketing of agricultural products. In 1956, the first co-operative society was established, while the main focus of thispaper’s interest, the Gowe Irrigation Co-operative Society of Sanyati in the northwestern part of the country, was established in 1967. Established by a government agency known as the Tribal Trust Land Development Corporation (TILCOR), now the Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (ARDA), the co-operative society flourished and became a model for the distribution of agricultural inputs and credit to African farmers. It collapsed in 1969 due to a number of factors, among them poor management andcorruption.
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Mhembwe, Smart, and Ernest Dube. "The role of cooperatives in sustaining the livelihoods of rural communities: The case of rural cooperatives in Shurugwi District, Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 9, no. 1 (April 24, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v9i1.341.
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The main focus of the research was to analyse the role of cooperatives in sustaining the livelihoods of local rural communities in Shurugwi District in Zimbabwe. Descriptive survey design was used in this mixed method approach to the study. A questionnaire, interviews and observation methods were employed as the main research instruments. Purposive sampling technique was adopted and data were collected from government officials and from members of the six cooperatives in Shurugwi District. A total of 50 research participants were involved in the study. It was found that cooperatives were established as a strategy to sustain livelihoods of rural communities. With the adoption of cooperatives, people in the rural communities managed to generate employment, boost food production, empower the marginalised, especially women, and promote social cohesion and integration, thereby improving their livelihoods and reducing poverty. Most cooperatives face a number of challenges that include lack of financial support, poor management and lack of management skills, and lack of competitive markets to sell their produce. The study recommends that the government and the banking sector render financial support to cooperatives in rural communities to allow them to expand and diversify their business operations; constant training on leadership and management skills is provided to cooperatives’ members. There is also a need for cooperatives, especially those in the agricultural sector, to form some producer associations so as to easily market their produce. Lastly, the study recommends that future research should focus on investigating issues that hinder the growth of the cooperative movement in rural communities of Zimbabwe. It is hoped that policy-makers, the academia and communities would benefit from the study.
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E, Mugunzva. "The Influence of Dimensions of Organisational Culture on the Management of Heritage Sites as Tourism Products in Zimbabwe." Business and Economics Journal 7, no. 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2151-6219.1000215.
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Martini, Francesco, Robert Cunliffe, Alessio Farcomeni, Michele De Sanctis, Giacomo D'Ammando, and Fabio Attorre. "Classification and mapping of the woody vegetation of Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe." Koedoe 58, no. 1 (March 31, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v58i1.1388.
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Within the framework of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA), the purpose of this study was to produce a classification of the woody vegetation of the Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe, and a map of its potential distribution. Cover-abundance data of woody species were collected in 330 georeferenced relevés across the Park. These data were used to produce two matrices: the first one using the cover-abundance values as collected in five height layers and the second one based on merging the layers into a single cover value for each species. Automatic classifications were produced for both matrices to determine the optimal number of vegetation types. The two classification approaches both produced 14 types belonging to three macro-groups: mopane, miombo and alluvial woodlands. The results of the two classifications were compared looking at the constant, dominant and diagnostic species of each type. The classification based on separate layers was considered more effective and retained. A high-resolution map of the potential distribution of vegetation types for the whole study area was produced using Random Forest. In the model, the relationship between bioclimatic and topographic variables, known to be correlated to vegetation types, and the classified relevés was used. Identified vegetation types were compared with those of other national parks within the GLTFCA, and an evaluation of the main threats and pressures was conducted.Conservation implications: Vegetation classification and mapping are useful tools for multiple purposes including: surveying and monitoring plant and animal populations, communities and their habitats, and development of management and conservation strategies. Filling the knowledge gap for the Gonarezhou National Park provides a basis for standardised and homogeneous vegetation classification and mapping for the entire Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area.
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Shava, Justify Gotami, Susan Kageler, Shorai Dari, Frank Magama, and Dzingai Rukuni. "Genotype × environment interaction effects on cured leaf colour distribution in Zimbabwean Virginia tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L)." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, of (December 21, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/a-371.
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Cured leaf colour is one of the most important traits in Virginia tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L) production. Cured leaf colour is associated with the relative nicotine content of the leaf and determines the relative price of the cured leaf on the market. There are three main Virginia tobacco cured leaf colours namely lemon, orange and mahogany. Virginia tobacco breeders in Zimbabwe aim to produce varieties that give each of the cured leaf styles to satisfy a wide range of farmer preferences. However, it is often speculated without empirical evidence that the location, climatic conditions and hence farmer management practice influence the cured leaf colour of Virginia tobacco produced by a farmer. A study involving twelve genotypes was conducted in eight farming locations across Zimbabwe over two seasons to determine the genotype × environment interaction effects on Virginia tobacco cured leaf colour. Experiments in each location was laid out as a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates and data on the proportion of the cured leaf that was classified as dark (orange and mahogany) was observed. The collected data was analysed using the AMMI Model in Genstat Version 17 it was shown that there were no significant genotype × environment interaction effects for cured Virginia tobacco leaf colour (p > 0.05). The results have also indicated that Virginia tobacco varieties with K E1 as their progenitor gave relatively high proportions of dark cured leaf styles.
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Martini, Francesco, Robert Cunliffe, Alessio Farcomeni, Michele De Sanctis, Giacomo D'Ammando, and Fabio Attorre. "Online Appendix 1: Classification and mapping of the woody vegetation of Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe." Koedoe 58, no. 1 (September 29, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v58i1.1388-1.
Full textAbstract:
Within the framework of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA), the purpose of this study was to produce a classification of the woody vegetation of the Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe, and a map of its potential distribution. Cover-abundance data of woody species were collected in 330 georeferenced relevés across the Park. These data were used to produce two matrices: the first one using the cover-abundance values as collected in five height layers and the second one based on merging the layers into a single cover value for each species. Automatic classifications were produced for both matrices to determine the optimal number of vegetation types. The two classification approaches both produced 14 types belonging to three macro-groups: mopane, miombo and alluvial woodlands. The results of the two classifications were compared looking at the constant, dominant and diagnostic species of each type. The classification based on separate layers was considered more effective and retained. A high-resolution map of the potential distribution of vegetation types for the whole study area was produced using Random Forest. In the model, the relationship between bioclimatic and topographic variables, known to be correlated to vegetation types, and the classified relevés was used. Identified vegetation types were compared with those of other national parks within the GLTFCA, and an evaluation of the main threats and pressures was conducted.Conservation implications: Vegetation classification and mapping are useful tools for multiple purposes including: surveying and monitoring plant and animal populations, communities and their habitats, and development of management and conservation strategies. Filling the knowledge gap for the Gonarezhou National Park provides a basis for standardised and homogeneous vegetation classification and mapping for the entire Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area.
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Martini, Francesco, Robert Cunliffe, Alessio Farcomeni, Michele De Sanctis, Giacomo D'Ammando, and Fabio Attorre. "Online Appendix 2: Classification and mapping of the woody vegetation of Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe." Koedoe 58, no. 1 (September 29, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v58i1.1388-2.
Full textAbstract:
Within the framework of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA), the purpose of this study was to produce a classification of the woody vegetation of the Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe, and a map of its potential distribution. Cover-abundance data of woody species were collected in 330 georeferenced relevés across the Park. These data were used to produce two matrices: the first one using the cover-abundance values as collected in five height layers and the second one based on merging the layers into a single cover value for each species. Automatic classifications were produced for both matrices to determine the optimal number of vegetation types. The two classification approaches both produced 14 types belonging to three macro-groups: mopane, miombo and alluvial woodlands. The results of the two classifications were compared looking at the constant, dominant and diagnostic species of each type. The classification based on separate layers was considered more effective and retained. A high-resolution map of the potential distribution of vegetation types for the whole study area was produced using Random Forest. In the model, the relationship between bioclimatic and topographic variables, known to be correlated to vegetation types, and the classified relevés was used. Identified vegetation types were compared with those of other national parks within the GLTFCA, and an evaluation of the main threats and pressures was conducted.Conservation implications: Vegetation classification and mapping are useful tools for multiple purposes including: surveying and monitoring plant and animal populations, communities and their habitats, and development of management and conservation strategies. Filling the knowledge gap for the Gonarezhou National Park provides a basis for standardised and homogeneous vegetation classification and mapping for the entire Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area.
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Ndlovu, Everson, and Ednah Bhala. "Menstrual hygiene – A salient hazard in rural schools: A case of Masvingo district of Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 8, no. 2 (January 13, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v8i2.204.
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Active participation of the girl child in development is hampered by Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) challenges. MHM is an important gender issue and a critical component in holistic human development. It affects about 25% of the global population aged between 15 and 49 years. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in schools have not prioritised MHM, thus exposing girls and the entire school community to health related hazards. The study explored knowledge, attitudes and community practices, and investigated the impact of religious and cultural beliefs on MHM and how they impact on the girl child in Masvingo district. The survey was largely qualitative and employed methodologies of document analysis, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and structured interviews. Participants included four churches, 13 NGOs, eight government departments and 40 women. Findings revealed deeply embedded power relations, a culture of silence around MHM, noninvolvement of men in MHM issues, limited availability in terms of information, and a girl unfriendly infrastructure, and limited access to menstrual hygiene products due to poverty and poor management and disposal practices. Resultant effects ranged from poor class participation, lack of concentration and constrained interactions with peers and teachers, low self-esteem, anxiety and the general feeling of being discriminated against. Results confirmed the need for increased awareness initiatives on MHM in a bid to tackle inherent religious and cultural beliefs that are a barrier to effective holistic implementation of WASH interventions that empower women and girls. Lobbying government to provide an appropriate policy framework, education and training, construction of girl friendly sanitary facilities, exploring and capitalisation of local production of Reusable Menstrual Pads (RUMPS), more research targeting children living with disabilities, those living in refugee and makeshift camps and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC), are some of the recommendations coming out of the study
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Mushanyuri, Bongani. "An Evaluation Of The Supplier Selection And Evaluation Process In Zimbabwean Universities." European Journal of Business and Economics 6 (September 1, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/ejbe.v6i0.133.
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Supplier selection and evaluation is fast becoming animportant strategic consideration in purchasing and supply.Suppliers play an influential role to the overall success of the buying organisation. Nowadays, supplier selection is firmly positioned as an alternative source for competitive advantage for organisations with regards to offering low cost, high quality products and services or achieving reliability to customers. As organisations become more dependent on suppliers, the direct and indirect consequences of poor decision making on supplier selection will become more critical. With the increasingly important role of suppliers in supply chain management, the selection process strategy has changed; other than scanning a series of pricelists only, qualitative, quantitative and environmental criteria have now been incorporated into the process.
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Chirenda, J., B. Nhlema Simwaka, C. Sandy, K. Bodnar, S. Corbin, P. Desai, T. Mapako, et al. "A feasibility study using time-driven activity-based costing as a management tool for provider cost estimation: lessons from the national TB control program in Zimbabwe in 2018." BMC Health Services Research 21, no. 1 (March 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06212-x.
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Abstract Background Insufficient cost data and limited capacity constrains the understanding of the actual resources required for effective TB control. This study used process maps and time-driven activity-based costing to document TB service delivery processes. The analysis identified the resources required to sustain TB services in Zimbabwe, as well as several opportunities for more effective and efficient use of available resources. Methods A multi-disciplinary team applied time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to develop process maps and measure the cost of clinical pathways used for Drug Susceptible TB (DS-TB) at urban polyclinics, rural district and provincial hospitals, and community based targeted screening for TB (Tas4TB). The team performed interviews and observations to collect data on the time taken by health care worker-patient pairs at every stage of the treatment pathway. The personnel’s practical capacity and capacity cost rates were calculated on five cost domains. An MS Excel model calculated diagnostic and treatment costs. Findings Twenty-five stages were identified in the TB care pathway across all health facilities except for community targeted screening for TB. Considerable variations were observed among the facilities in how health care professionals performed client registration, taking of vital signs, treatment follow-up, dispensing medicines and processing samples. The average cost per patient for the entire DS-TB care was USD324 with diagnosis costing USD69 and treatment costing USD255. The average cost for diagnosis and treatment was higher in clinics than in hospitals (USD392 versus USD256). Nurses in clinics were 1.6 time more expensive than in hospitals. The main cost components were personnel (USD130) and laboratory (USD119). Diagnostic cost in Tas4TB was twice that of health facility setting (USD153 vs USD69), with major cost drivers being demand creation (USD89) and sputum specimen transportation (USD5 vs USD3). Conclusion TDABC is a feasible and effective costing and management tool in low-resource settings. The TDABC process maps and treatment costs revealed several opportunities for innovative improvements in the NTP under public health programme settings. Re-engineering laboratory testing processes and synchronising TB treatment follow-up with antiretroviral treatments could produce better and more uniform TB treatments at significantly lower cost in Zimbabwe.
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Kupurai, Peter, Andrew Tapiwa Kugedera, and Nyasha Sakadzo. "Evaluating the potential contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to smallholder farmers in semi-arid and arid regions: A case of Chivi, Zimbabwe." Research in Ecology 3, no. 1 (April 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/re.v3i1.2874.
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Food insecurity in most dry regions in Zimbabwe has taught many people a lesson of using non timber forest products (NTFPs) to reduce food insecurity and improve livelihoods as well as poverty alleviation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential contribution of non-timber forest products to smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid regions. The research was carried out as a survey and data was collected using interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussion. Data was analysed for descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS version 25. Results indicated that 64 % were females and 36 % were males with the majority of participants being married (57.6 %) with only 8.8 % being widowed. Results show that all respondents (100%) indicated that they obtain fruits from the forests as major source of food during winter and rain season. Vegetables (84.2 %), thatching grass (80.8%) and edible worms (62.5 %) were also major non-timber forest products obtained from the forests by participants. All participants (100%) indicated that income generation, firewood and source of heat for brick moulding were major benefits they obtain from forest with vegetables (74.2 %), brooms (91.7 %) and improved nutrition (85.0 %) being regarded as other important benefits enjoyed by local people from forests. Afforestation and reforestation were regarded as major sustainable forest management practices by all (100%) participants with agroforestry being indicated by only 12.5 % since people had no knowledge about it. NTFPs has capacity of improving food security, human livelihoods and alleviate poverty. People are encouraged to harvest NTFPs sustainably to allow future use. Use of agroforestry can be a best way for managing forests sustainably, improve food security, crop yield, poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation.
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Chivasa, Norman. "Sustainability of food production support services offered by Sustainable Agriculture Trust to subsistence farmers in Bikita District, Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 11, no. 1 (May 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v11i1.526.
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In developing countries, food production challenges continue to persist, despite interventions at household levels such as input provision to address farmers’ resource constraints and training in conservation farming to improve land use and management by farmers. In Bikita District of Zimbabwe, concerns over the viability of conservation farming and input support services in helping out subsistence farmers to mitigate food production challenges remain unresolved. This research, therefore, evaluated the sustainability of support services offered by the Sustainable Agriculture Trust to subsistence farmers taking Ward 13 of Bikita District as a case study. Data collection involved two qualitative methods, namely structured interviews and focus group discussions, with 32 household heads comprising 18 women and 14 men. Results showed that the capacity by subsistence farmers to continue practising conservation farming using retained maize, sorghum and cowpea seed varieties and still produce better yields even after the Sustainable Agriculture Trust’s exit justify the hypothesis that conservation farming is a sustainable food production intervention. This study therefore concludes that the proficiency by subsistence farmers in Ward 13 of Bikita District carries the implication that training household heads in conservation farming means developing more subsistence farmers capable of producing their own food even amidst unpredictable rains, heat waves and shortening rainfall seasons.
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Mushore, Terence Darlington, Teddious Mhizha, Moven Manjowe, Linia Mashawi, Electdom Matandirotya, Emmanuel Mashonjowa, Collen Mutasa, Juliet Gwenzi, and George Tawanda Mushambi. "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Small Holder Farmers: A Case of Nyanga District in Zimbabwe." Frontiers in Climate 3 (August 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.676495.
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Climate change encompassing mostly hydro-meteorological hazards is a reality affecting the world in diverse ways. It is manifesting in various ways such as increases in frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, and extreme temperatures. In recent years, climate change has induced droughts, other extreme weather events and meteorological disasters in many countries including Zimbabwe. Effective management of climate change induced challenges require localized strategies which may vary from one part of the world to another and even within a country. In view of the need to understand localized impacts and responses to climate change, the main objectives of the study were to (i) assess the impact of climate change on livelihoods and food security, (ii) identify and evaluate adaptation and mitigation strategies that small holder farmers in Ward 17, Nyanga, Zimbabwe have developed. The research used both qualitative and quantitative approaches with data collection methods comprising of questionnaires (56), observations and interviews (8). The tools were used to gather information which included encounters with extreme weather events, climatic trends as well as adaptive responses. The findings showed that climate change had a significant negative impact on the livelihoods and food security status of small holder farmers in ward 17 of Nyanga district. The identified climate change adaptation strategies implemented in the study area included food aid, use of traditional grains and other drought resistant crops, early planting, multiple planting, barter trade and livelihood diversification. The mitigation strategies used included afforestation and reforestation programs, avoiding veld fires and preservation of wetlands. The research identified challenges to climate change adaptation which include lack of markets to sell farming produce, inefficient institutions, poverty and high climate variability and increased uncertainty in the behavior of seasons. The findings of this study indicated the need for similar assessment in other parts of the country as impacts of climate change and responses thereof should vary from place to place.