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Nazarko, Linda. "Product recall for Convatec products." Nursing and Residential Care 21, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2019.21.1.7a.
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Alqemlas, Ibrahim, Sneha Shankar, Winode Handagama, and P. Arthur Felse. "A cross-sectional study of prevalence, distribution, cause, and impact of blood product recalls in the United States." Blood Advances 4, no. 8 (April 28, 2020): 1780–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001024.
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Abstract Defective blood products that are recalled because of safety or potency deviations can trigger adverse health events and constrict the nation’s blood supply chain. However, the underlying characteristics and impact of blood product recalls are not fully understood. In this study, we identified 4700 recall events, 7 reasons for recall, and 144 346 units affected by recalls. Using geospatial mapping of the newly defined county-level recall event density, we discovered hot spots with high prevalence and likelihood of blood product recall events. Distribution patterns and distribution distances of recalled blood products vary significantly between product types. Blood plasma is the most recalled product (87 980 units), and leukocyte-reduced products (34 230 units) are recalled in larger numbers than non-leukocyte-reduced products (8076 units). Donor-related reasons (92 382 units) and sterility deviations (22 408 units) are the major cause of blood product recalls. Monetary loss resulting from blood product recalls is estimated to be $17.9 million, and economic sensitivity tests show that donor-related reasons and sterility deviations contribute most to the overall monetary burden. A total of 2.8 million days was required to resolve recall events, and probabilistic survival time analysis shows that sterility deviations and contamination took longer to resolve because of their systemic effect on blood collection and processing. Our studies demonstrate that better donor screening procedures, rigorous sterility requirements, improved containment methods, and mitigation of recall events in high-prevalence regions will enable a more robust blood supply chain.
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Gorton, Acton, and Matthew J. Stasiewicz. "Twenty-Two Years of U.S. Meat and Poultry Product Recalls: Implications for Food Safety and Food Waste." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 4 (March 15, 2017): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-388.
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ABSTRACT The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service maintains a recall case archive of meat and poultry product recalls from 1994 to the present. In this study, we collected all recall records from 1994 to 2015 and extracted the recall date, meat or poultry species implicated, reason for recall, recall class, and pounds of product recalled and recovered. Of a total of 1,515 records analyzed, the top three reasons for recall were contamination with Listeria, undeclared allergens, and Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli. Class I recalls (due to a hazard with a reasonable probability of causing adverse health consequences or death) represented 71% (1,075 of 1,515) of the total recalls. The amounts of product recalled and recovered per event were approximately lognormally distributed. The mean amount of product recalled and recovered was 6,800 and 1,000 lb (3,087 and 454 kg), respectively (standard deviation, 1.23 and 1.56 log lb, respectively). The total amount of product recalled in the 22-year evaluation period was 690 million lb (313 million kg), and the largest single recall involved 140 million lb (64 million kg) (21% of the total). In every data category subset, the largest recall represented >10% of the total product recalled in the set. The amount of product recovered was known for only 944 recalls. In 12% of those recalls (110 of 944), no product was recovered. In the remaining recalls, the median recovery was 29% of the product. The number of recalls per year was 24 to 150. Recall counts and amounts of product recalled over the 22-year evaluation period did not regularly increase by year, in contrast to the regular increase in U.S. meat and poultry production over the same time period. Overall, these data suggest that (i) meat and poultry recalls were heavily skewed toward class I recalls, suggesting recalls were focused on improving food safety, (ii) numbers of products and amounts of each product recalled were highly variable but did not increase over time, and (iii) the direct contribution of recalls to the food waste stream was associated with the largest recalls.
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Bobhate, Ankita, Piyush N. Bajare, Vinita V. Kale, Suankit A. Harane, and Milind J. Umekar. "Product Patrolling: Learning Recall execution Strategies through Case studies." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 11, no. 4 (December 16, 2023): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v11i4.641.
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There has been an increasing trend in the number of prescribed and over-the-counter drug recall over the last few years. The recall is usually due to company’s discovery, customer’s complaint or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) observation. The process of recall involves a planned specific course of action, which addresses the depth of recall, need for public warning, and the extent of effectiveness checks for the recall.This abstract explores the critical aspects of pharmaceutical drug product recalls, focusing on their classification, recall levels, and effective recall strategies. The pharmaceutical industry faces challenges in ensuring the safety and efficacy of drug products, necessitating a robust recall framework. We delve into the classification of recalls, ranging from voluntary actions to mandated recalls, emphasizing the importance of prompt and transparent communication. Recall levels, categorized based on the severity of potential health risks, are examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory landscape. Furthermore, this abstract highlights innovative recall strategies, encompassing technology-driven traceability, stakeholder collaboration, and crisis communication. By addressing these key elements, this research contributes to enhancing the efficiency and reliability of drug product recall processes, ultimately safeguarding public health and bolstering industry resilience.
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Fox, Mark, and Robert T. Kenagy. "Consumer Product Recalls: The United States Experience and Some International Implications." Business Law Review 34, Issue 3 (June 1, 2013): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2013019.
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Much of the legal literature on consumer products focuses on product safety and product liability issues, rather than on the mechanics of the product recall process itself. This paper redresses this shortcoming by examining the product recall processes in both the United States and, by way of contrast, the European Union. We observe the ways in which these recall processes are substantially similar and provide practical observations as to why multinational companies should look at recalls from the perspective of preserving their global reputation. Finally, we offer some suggestions to improve the recall process and better protect consumers.
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Seys, Scott A., Fernando Sampedro, and Craig W. Hedberg. "Assessment of Meat and Poultry Product Recalls Due to Salmonella Contamination: Product Recovery and Illness Prevention." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 8 (July 12, 2017): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-424.
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ABSTRACT Data from the recalls of meat and poultry products from 2000 through 2012 due to Salmonella contamination were used to assess the factors associated with the recovery of the recalled product and to develop quantitative models to estimate the number of illnesses prevented by recalls. The percentage of product recovered following a recall action was not dependent on establishment size, recall expansions, complexity of the distribution chain, type of distribution, amount of time between the production and recall dates, or number of pounds of product recalled. However, illness-related recalls were associated with larger amounts of recalled product, smaller percentages of recalled product recovered, a greater number of days between the production date and recall date, and nationwide distribution than were recalls that were not illness related. In addition, the detection of recall-associated illnesses appeared to be enhanced in states with strong foodborne illness investigation systems. The number of Salmonella illnesses prevented by recalls was based on the number of illnesses occurring relative to the number of pounds consumed, which was then extrapolated to the number of pounds of recalled product recovered. A simulation using a program evaluation and review technique probability distribution with illness-related recalls from 2003 through 2012 estimated that there were 19,000 prevented Salmonella illnesses, after adjusting for underdiagnosis. Recalls not associated with illnesses from 2000 through 2012 prevented an estimated additional 8,300 Salmonella illnesses, after adjusting for underdiagnosis. Although further improvements to ensure accurate and complete reporting should be undertaken, our study demonstrates that recalls are an important tool for preventing additional Salmonella illnesses. Moreover, additional training resources dedicated to public health agencies for enhancing foodborne illness detection, investigations, and rapid response and reporting would further prevent illnesses.
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Kumar, Vijay. "Product Recalls in European Textile and Clothing Sector—A Macro Analysis of Risks and Geographical Patterns." Stats 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 1044–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats5040062.
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Textile and clothing (T&C) products contribute to a substantial proportion of the nonfood product recalls in the European Union (EU) due to various levels of associated risks. Out of the listed 34 categories for product recalls in the EU’s Rapid Exchange of Information System (RAPEX), the category ‘clothing, textiles, and fashion items’ was among the top 3 categories with the most recall cases during 2013–2019. Previous studies have attempted to highlight the issue of product recalls and their impacts from the perspective of a single company or selected companies, whereas limited attention is paid to understand the problem from a sector-specific perspective. However, considering the nature of product risks and the consistency in a higher number of recall cases, it is important to analyze the issue of product recalls in the T&C sector from a sector-specific perspective. In this context, the paper focuses on investigating the past recalls in the T&C sector reported RAPEX during 2005–2021 to understand the major trends in recall occurrence and associated hazards. Correspondence Analysis (CA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) were applied to analyze the qualitative and quantitative recall data. The results reveal that there is a geographical pattern for the product risk that leads to the recalls. The countries in eastern part of Europe tend to have proportionately high recalls in strangulation and choking-related issues, whereas chemical-related recalls are proportionately high in countries located in western part of Europe. Further, text-mining results indicate that design-related recall issues are more prevalent in children’s clothing.
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Huh, Kyungok, and Chul Choi. "Product Recall Policies and Their Improvement in Korea." Management and Production Engineering Review 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2016-0034.
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Abstract This article aims to investigate recall policies for product safety in Korea and make suggestions for future improvements. Problematic issues in current recall policies are reviewed and analyzed. Based on survey results and previous studies, this article discusses the consumer perception of a recall. Consumers tend to regard a recall as a signal of poor quality. Furthermore, regulatory differences and weak penalties remain as obstacles to improving the recall system. Suggestions for the betterment of recall policies are derived from consultations with an expert panel and the application of other appropriate methods. At first, despite an increasing number of recall cases in Korea, it turns out that consumers are not highly sensitive to recalls, although their perceptions are mostly negative. Secondly, regulatory inconsistencies and difference problems are primarily attributable to the existence of many separate rules and regulations by product category. Thirdly, the information concerning recalls is limited, which creates an inefficient environment in which manufacturers are reluctant to voluntarily recall a defective product and consumer participation rates are too low. Therefore, the government should induce consumers to have more positive perceptions of recalls whilst concurrently reinforcing the related rules and regulations in accordance with international standards.
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Chabalenge, Billy, Elimas Jere, Namuchindo Nanyangwe, Christabel Hikaambo, Steward Mudenda, Michelo Banda, Aubrey Kalungia, and Scott Matafwali. "Substandard and falsified medical product recalls in Zambia from 2018 to 2021 and implications on the quality surveillance systems." Journal of Medicine Access 6 (January 2022): 275508342211417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27550834221141767.
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Background: Substandard and falsified (SF) medical products are removed from circulation through a process called ‘product recall’ by medicines regulatory agencies. In Zambia, the Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority (ZAMRA) is responsible for recalling SF medical products from the Zambian market through passive and active surveillance methods. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of recalls of SF medical products and to analyse the frequently recalled therapeutic categories, dosage forms, categories of defects that led to the recalls and their sources with respect to the country of the marketing authorisation holder (MAH) or manufacturer. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional review of the product recalls issued by ZAMRA between January 2018 and December 2021. A search for all medical product alerts and recalls issued by ZAMRA was carried out by reviewing the internal post-marketing surveillance database kept at ZAMRA headquarters. Data were extracted using a structured Excel database and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 119 alerts were received during the review period, of which 83 (69.7%) were product recalls. Oral solid dosage forms were the most recalled dosage form (53%). Furthermore, the number of recalls increased in 2020 (44.6%) and 2021 (22.9%), with the majority (20.5%) of the recalled products being substandard products classified as antiseptics and disinfectants and were attributed to the high demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturing laboratory control issues were the reason for product recall in almost half (47.4%) of the cases. Most of the products recalled originated from India (38.6%), followed by Zambia (25.3%). Only one suspected falsified product was recalled between 2018 and 2021. A total of 66 recalls of the 83 products were initiated by ZAMRA, with only 17 voluntarily by foreign MAHs. No product recall was initiated by the local representatives of foreign manufacturers or MAH. Conclusion: The majority of the pharmaceutical product recalls in Zambia were substandard products. Manufacturing laboratory control issues lead to most recalls and require investigation of the root causes, preventive action, and strict compliance with the good manufacturing practices guidelines by manufacturers.
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Jovanovic, Boyan. "Product Recalls and Firm Reputation." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 13, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 404–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20180396.
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Product recall data and information on stock price reactions to recalls are used to estimate the value of reputation in a model in which product quality is not contractible. A recall is the result of a product defect that signals low effort. The recall triggers a reduction in the firm’s product price and value, which then both rise steadily until its next defect occurs. We estimate that reputation accounts for 8.3 percent of firm value and that welfare is 26 percent of its first best level. A policy intervention that attains first best is a recall tax accompanied by a flow subsidy. (JEL D22, G32, H25, L25, L62, M31)
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Memon, Muhammad Saad, Young Hae Lee, and Sonia Irshad Mari. "Analysis of Traceability Optimization and Shareholder’s Profit for Efficient Supply Chain Operation under Product Recall Crisis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/896239.
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Product recall gains considerable importance in recent times; the reason may be the huge losses faced by manufacturers because of product recall issues. Furthermore, the revenue of the firm is immensely affected as a result of product recall, which may lead to serious outcomes. Huge recall cost (such as repairing or destroying the recalled products and cost of notification) occurs as a result of large recall. Therefore, in order to minimize the quantity and probability of recalls the traceability systems are widely used and considered as a necessary part of product safety strategies. However, from literature it is clear that manufacturers are still struggling to obtain the significant results. This study helps the managers to understand the importance of recall cost by analysing its impact on shareholders profit. Keeping in view the importance of problem, the paper proposed an integrated optimization model to minimize the expected loss to shareholders in recall crisis using batch dispersion methodology. The analysed results show that reduction in traceability level increases the expected shareholders losses while decreasing the operational costs. This will help managers to optimally set the production batch sizes in order to reduce the product recall impact.
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Muralidharan, Etayankara, Hari Bapuji, and Manpreet Hora. "The more I err, the less I pay." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 916–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-12-2017-0964.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of firm characteristics and crisis characteristics on remedies offered to consumers by firms in the event of a product recall crisis. Design/methodology/approach Published data on 868 product recalls in the US toy industry from 1988 to 2011 have been used to investigate the effects of firm experience in product recalls, type of firm (company versus intermediary) and product recall severity in predicting remedies offered to consumers in the event of a product recall. Findings The findings show that firm recall experience, firm type and recall severity are negatively associated with recall remedies offered. Specifically, firms offer lower remedies if they have higher recall experience, if they are upstream firms in the supply chain (farther from consumers) and if the recall is more severe. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the toy industry and does not consider product complexity, firm reputation and the role of external regulatory agencies in the prediction of remedies offered by firms. Future research may extend this study to include the above factors. Practical implications Offering a high remedy to consumers of a recalled product may be a responsible decision by a firm, but it may also attract shareholder wrath. The study has implications for managing multiple goals in product recall crisis management. Originality/value Studies focused on issues of interest to consumers during a recall crisis, such as swift recalls and appropriate remedies, are limited. This study contributes to the understanding of the antecedents of recall remedies.
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Yao, Liufang, and Andrew G. Carrothers. "Prepare for the Worst - Using Facility Location to Alleviate Product Recall Risks." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i4.18024.
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This paper is motivated by major food product recall events in recent years, especially how the timely and effective response using post-recall management can make a difference. We consider the rare but very influential major product recalls as disruptions to the supply chain and incorporate locating reprocessing centers for the returned products to mitigate expected operational costs. We adopt the closed loop network design framework and assume the location decisions for reprocessing center take place after the product recall events. Our scenario-based analysis shows the approach is effective in both absolute and relative measures.
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Magno, Francesca, Fabio Cassia, and Marta Ugolini. "Impact of voluntary product recalls on utilitarian and hedonic attitudes: Is it the same for all brands?" Australian Journal of Management 42, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896215599812.
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The number of defective and unsafe products recalled from the market has increased dramatically in the last decade. While several studies have investigated consumer reaction to product recalls, the impact of such events on utilitarian versus hedonic attitudes towards the brand involved in the recall has not yet been assessed. Similarly, it is not clear whether brands with utilitarian positioning and brands with hedonic positioning are equally affected by recalls. Through an experiment based on a real-world stimulus from the laptop product category, this study shows that hedonic brands are more resistant to the negative effects of voluntary product recalls than are utilitarian brands. Furthermore, data show that brand familiarity mitigates the effect of the recall on utilitarian attitudes for both utilitarian and hedonic brands. Brand familiarity also positively moderates the impact of the recall on hedonic attitudes, but only for hedonic brands.
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Byun, Kyung-Ah, and Mayukh Dass. "An investigation of the effects of product recalls on brand commitment and purchase intention." Journal of Consumer Marketing 32, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2014-1000.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how product recalls affect brand commitment and post-recall purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach – The role of consumer and product recall characteristics based on attribution theory is tested using data collected through experiments and analyzed using a type of finite mixture model. Findings – Results indicate varying effects of product recalls on commitment across these four customer groups and a strong effect of affective commitment on post-recall purchase behavior. Originality/value – This paper proposes four types of consumers based on dichotomous levels of affective and calculative commitment, namely, Hard Cores, Don’t-Cares, Lovers and Rationalists, and shows how product recalls affect these consumer groups differently, and how this information assists brand managers in developing post-product recall consumer management strategies.
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HANSON, HEATHER, VASUDHA REDDY, MELISSA BAUER, STEPHEN STICH, LARA KIDOGUCHI, JOHN LUKER, KIM SEBEK, ERIN SAWYER, and SHARON BALTER. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Food Recalls in Retail Establishments in New York City." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-222.
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Information on how promptly food recalls of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–regulated products are disseminated to retailers is not well documented. Store managers were surveyed after recalls were declared to estimate the proportion aware of a recall, to describe the methods by which they learned of the recall, and to ascertain how they would prefer to be notified of recalls in the future. From 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2009, we identified FDA Class I products recalled because of potential contamination with an infectious agent such as Salmonella, which were sold in New York City. After each recall, a sample of retailers who carried the products was contacted, a standardized questionnaire was administered to store managers, and a sample of stores was inspected to determine if the product had been removed. Among nine recalls evaluated, 85% (range, 12 to 100%) of managers were aware of the recall affecting a product at their store. Chain store managers were more aware of recalls than were independent store managers (93 versus 78%, P < 0.0001). More chain store managers first heard about the recall via e-mail as compared with independent store managers (35 versus 4%, P < 0.0001). E-mail notification was preferred by large chain store managers (38 versus 8%, P < 0.0001); on inspection, chain stores were more likely to have removed the item than were independent stores (85 versus 56%, P = 0.0071). Although recall information reaches many stores, faster electronic notifications are not effective at reaching small, independent stores, which may lack computers or fax machines. Alternate means to disseminate recall notifications rapidly are needed for stores without electronic communication capabilities.
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Dewianawati, Dwi. "PENARIKAN MEREK PRODUK: EFEK INDUSTRI, STRATEGI PENARIKAN DAN BAHAYA PADA KEKAYAAN PEMEGANG SAHAM." Media Mahardhika 18, no. 3 (May 22, 2020): 521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/mahardika.v18i3.214.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the impact of product recalls on manufacturing company shareholders in various supply chains. Previous research investigating this phenomenon was dominated by sectoral units and/or did not recognize threat interactions, policy recalls and sectors. Using the case study process, the study explored investor responses to key market product recall characteristics, recall policies and hazard levels, in a cross-industry survey of 295 product recall notices. The findings revealed a strong negative response from the share price to product recalls and a significant variation between the type of business and its level of danger. More controlled and tighter supply chains, such as the car and pharmaceutical markets, have shown statistically substantial share price declines. The findings suggest that the business sector and the level of harm associated with defective goods are major factors affecting the shareholders of manufacturing companies. Contrary to some reports, the effects of the recall policy have not been verified, although the recall campaign has proactively, in some cases, contributed to the rise in the share price. This study will further benefit from a more thorough investigation of recall strategies on business assessments in certain industries, especially those vulnerable to regular and expensive product recalls.
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Majid, Kashef, and Mooweon Rhee. "Firm/product reputation and new-product recalls." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 36, no. 5 (August 6, 2018): 572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-11-2017-0309.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the rate of recall for new products vs established products and to explore the simultaneous impact of a firm’s reputation and a product’s reputation on the market response to a product recall. Design/methodology/approach The authors first use an accelerated hazard model to establish that new products are more vulnerable to damage than established products. Once this is established, the authors use a hierarchical linear model to explore the simultaneous impact of the firm and product reputation on the market response to a product recall. Findings The findings indicate that new products have a greater probability of recall over time than existing products and after a product recall a positive firm reputation can negatively impact the firm and hence becomes a liability. However, when the product is first introduced, the product reputation can help offset any negative market response; the product reputation can therefore be an asset. Research limitations/implications New products are more flawed than their established counterparts. A positive reputation can be a liability but a positive product reputation can offset the negative impact of the firm reputation and this is especially pertinent to new products. Originality/value The majority of prior research has focused on the reputation and assumed that the firm represented the product as well; the findings of this study reveal that the reputation of the product can have contrasting effects to the reputation of the firm.
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Muralidharan, Etayankara Katangote, and Hari Bapuji. "Managing Product Recalls-Factors that Influence Time to Recall." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 16474. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.16474abstract.
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PATRICK, MARY E., PATRICIA M. GRIFFIN, ANDREW C. VOETSCH, and PAUL S. MEAD. "Effectiveness of Recall Notification: Community Response to a Nationwide Recall of Hot Dogs and Deli Meats." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 2373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.10.2373.
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We examined the efficacy of recall notification and advertising in informing the public about a nationwide recall of hot dogs and deli meats. As part of an ongoing random population telephone survey, residents of seven states were interviewed. Data from the survey were weighted to account for the multistage sampling design. Overall, 307 (45%) of 633 knew about the recall. Knowledge was higher among persons older than 40 years (odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.4 to 3.3) and persons interviewed after major newspaper notices about the recall. Among those who knew about the recall, 5% believed the products were safe to eat; 23% were not sure. Seventy percent learned about the recall through television. Our findings indicate that routine recall notifications failed to reach a large portion of the population and were not well understood. Messages to the public about recalled products should clearly describe the risks of consuming the recalled product. Supplemental advertising by manufacturers can be beneficial if the risks of consuming the recalled product and recommendations to consumers are clearly described. These policies, coupled with broader distribution through the television and print media, may help increase the proportion of the persons who receive the information they need from future product recalls.
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Correa Lizarazo, Diana Ximena, Paola Aurora Fano Castro, Cristina Lopez, Paula Josefa Ramirez Garcia, Ricardo Molins, and Timothy J. Herrman. "Manual of Good Practices for Food or Feed Recalls." Journal of Regulatory Science 2, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/jrs.regsci.2114.
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Product recall is a fundamental food safety risk management tool. The key to successful implementation of a recall is recognizing the importance of shared responsibility between government/competent authority and industry. Within the recall process, the main objective for the competent authority is to protect public health by ensuring the rapid removal of unsafe foods or feeds from the market. To address the impact of a globalized food supply on the facilitation of recalls, competent authorities around the world have adopted regulations addressing product tracing through the food supply chain, clarifying responsibilities within the recall process, mandatory recall authority for food safety agencies, and disposal of contaminated products. During the recall process, the key areas in which the competent authority plays a vital role include: Communication; Coordination, Initiation and Completion of the Recall Process; Evaluation of Effectiveness of the Recall Process; Data collection, and Providing Guidance and Training to Industry and other Stakeholders.
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Eilert, Meike, Satish Jayachandran, Kartik Kalaignanam, and Tracey A. Swartz. "Does it Pay to Recall your Product Early? An Empirical Investigation in the Automobile Industry." Journal of Marketing 81, no. 3 (May 2017): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0074.
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Defective products are often recalled to limit harm to consumers and damage to the firm. However, little is known about why the timing of product recalls varies after an investigation is opened. Likewise, there is little evidence on whether recall timing affects stock markets. This study tests the effect of problem severity on time to recall, the role of brand characteristics in moderating this relationship, and the stock market impact of time to recall. The authors test the hypotheses on a sample of 381 recall investigations in the automobile industry between 1999 and 2012. The results show that although problem severity increases time to recall, this relationship is weaker when the brand under investigation (1) has a strong reputation for reliability and (2) has experienced severe recalls in the recent past. However, the relationship between problem severity and time to recall is stronger when the brand is diverse. Importantly, the results reveal that stock markets punish recall delays. The study suggests that time to recall has significant implications for managers and policy makers.
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Niven, Catherine M., Ben Mathews, James E. Harrison, and Kirsten Vallmuur. "Hazardous children’s products on the Australian and US market 2011–2017: an empirical analysis of child-related product safety recalls." Injury Prevention 26, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043267.
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ObjectiveWhile there is evidence that unsafe children’s products are entering the Australian market, with increasing product safety recalls, no research has examined the nature of recalls or their trends over time. This research analyses Australian and US child-related product safety recall data to better understand the frequency and nature of unsafe children’s products, emerging hazard trends and cross-jurisdictional similarities and differences. Results can inform improved childhood injury prevention policy and regulation strategies in Australia.MethodEmpirical analysis of child-related product safety recalls in Australia and the USA over the period 2011–2017.ResultsCross-jurisdictional comparison revealed similarities in Australia and the USA, with over 80% of recalled products occurring in four industry segments (toys/games, household furniture/furnishings, clothing and sports equipment) and a common leading hazard of choking. Australia and the USA also had a similar number of child-related recalls over the study period (Australia: 652, USA: 668). Disparate trends included a 21% decrease in US child-related recalls over the study period, with most recalled products still complying with mandated safety requirements. In contrast, Australian child-related recalls increased by 88% over the study period, with the majority of recalled products failing to comply with mandated safety requirements. Based on US child-related recall data, the leading cause of injuries was the child falling, the most severe injuries related to furniture/furnishings and the most frequent injuries related to sports equipment.ConclusionAnalysing recall data provides new insights into hazardous children’s products. Cross-jurisdictional comparison of data on recalls highlights disparities and indicates a need for reforms to improve regulation of children’s products in Australia.
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Hua, X. "Product Recall and Liability." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 27, no. 1 (September 9, 2009): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewp024.
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SEYS, S. A., F. SAMPEDRO, and C. W. HEDBERG. "Factors associated with recovery of meat products following recalls due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 14 (June 17, 2016): 2940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816001266.
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SUMMARYFood-product recall data for recalls due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from 2000 to 2012 were obtained for establishments regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Statistical tests were used to assess the factors associated with recovery of product following STEC recalls along with the relationship between cluster detection and jurisdictions. Our results indicated that the percentage of recalled product recovered following a recall action due to STEC was dependent on the complexity of distribution, type of distribution, amount of time between production and recall dates, and the number of pounds of product recalled. Illness-related STEC recalls were associated with a lower percentage of product recovery which was probably impacted by larger amounts of product recalled, broader production scope, and delays from epidemiological and traceback investigations. Further, detection of illnesses related to STEC recalls seemed to be enhanced in states with additional resources and a history of successful foodborne investigations. This makes an argument for additional resources dedicated to public health agencies specifically for the surveillance of foodborne illnesses.
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Chawla, Viney. "RISING INCIDENCES OF PRODUCT RECALL." Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2016): 59–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ujpr.v1i1.rw2.
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THAYER, ANN. "NAN0TECH PRODUCT RECALL IN GERMANY." Chemical & Engineering News 84, no. 16 (April 17, 2006): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v084n016.p010a.
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Peters, Wesley, Carl Pellerin, and Cory Janney. "RESEARCH: Evaluation of Orthopedic Hip Device Recalls by the FDA from 2007 to 2017." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-54.6.418.
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Background: Medical device recalls have increased in the previous two decades. Orthopedic devices are estimated to constitute 12% of all medical devices recalled. Medical devices enter the market via the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) premarket approval (PMA) or 510(k) pathways. This article evaluates orthopedic hip device recalls between Jan. 1, 2007, and Dec. 31, 2017. We hypothesized that the 510(k) approval process would have substantially higher recall rates for defective devices. Methods: The FDA's device recall database was queried for all orthopedic hip devices from Jan. 1, 2007, to Dec. 31, 2017. Each recall included product description, recall number, device class, date of recall posting, date of recall termination, manufacturer, FDA-determined cause for recall, number of recalled units, distribution, product classification, and method of approval [510(k), PMA, or unspecified]. Results: In total, 774 orthopedic hip devices were recalled between Jan. 1, 2007, and Dec. 31, 2017. The 510(k) approval process constituted 85% of hip device recalls. The most common FDA-determined cause of hip device recalls was device design, which constituted 37% of 510(k)-approved device recalls but only 6% of PMA-approved device recalls. The most recalled hip devices were hip prostheses. Orthopedic hip device recalls have shown a decrease of about 10 recalls per year during the 11-year period of analysis. Conclusion: Devices approved through the 510(k) process, compared with the PMA process, were more likely to be recalled for design defects. Although device design is the most common reason for device recall, many recalls are due to suboptimally standardized processes (e.g., packaging, process controls, device labeling). Overall, orthopedic hip device recalls decreased during the period of analysis (2007–17).
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Steven, Adams B. "Supply Chain Structure, Product Recalls, and Firm Performance: Empirically Investigating Recall Drivers and Recall Financial Performance Relationships." Decision Sciences 46, no. 2 (April 2015): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/deci.12135.
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Nandhini B, Balamurlidhara V, Aniket Anant Gulumkar, and Sridhar S. "Drug recall procedure in United Kingdom and Australia: a regulatory overview." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 3, 2020): 1457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2018.
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Recall occur as a consequence of the safety concerns over a manufacturing defect in a product that may harm its user. Due to their deficient quality, security or effectiveness, medicinal products are accused of being possibly dangerous to customers and may be subject to recall. A recall is defined as the process of recovering. A pharmaceutical product from the distribution chain due to product deficiencies, complaints of serious adverse reactions or corners that the product is or may be defective. The objective of study is to help identify the significance of the recall action and classification and focused on the prospective danger of the patient / consumer defect and, to understand the recall procedure in United Kingdom and Australia. The recall may either be conducted by the license holder or the manufacturer, or and the wholesale dealer. The evaluation should consist of checking the efficacy of the recall and investigating the justification for the recall as well as the remedial measures adopted to avoid the occurrence of the issue. The present work highlights the comparison of the recall procedure between United Kingdom and Australia.
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Laufer, Daniel, and Jae Min Jung. "Incorporating regulatory focus theory in product recall communications to increase compliance with a product recall." Public Relations Review 36, no. 2 (June 2010): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.03.004.
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YU, JIANBIN, and NEAL H. HOOKER. "Assessing the Impact of Retailer Disclosure on the Effectiveness of U.S. Meat and Poultry Recalls." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 12 (July 14, 2020): 2095–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-006.
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ABSTRACT In August 2008, the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) launched a new policy that required publication of a list of retail consignees for the meat and poultry products part of class I recalls, those with the greatest potential impact on public health. In this study, two recall effectiveness measures (recovery rate and completion time) and a difference-in-difference method were used to examine the effects of retailer disclosures. When controlling for factors previously determined to impact recall effectiveness, including product type, reasons for recall, the amount of food recalled, plant size, and the way the problem was discovered, no significant impact on recall effectiveness was discerned under the current disclosure policy. Recalls for bacterial contamination had higher recovery rates. Larger recalls had lower recovery rates and longer completion times. Recalls issued by very small plants had lower recovery rates. Compared with other stakeholders, government agency discovery of the problem was associated with lower recovery rates. As the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers a similar retailer disclosure policy for foods regulated under the Food Safety Modernization Act, such lessons from the USDA experience should inform the policy debate. HIGHLIGHTS
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Singh, Jagandeep. "Impact of Automobile Recalls on Stock Prices: A Study in the Indian Context." Global Business Review 19, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713528.
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Not so long ago, ‘product recalls’ in the Indian automobile sector were a novelty. The defective vehicles were repaired as part of the after-sales service. In the absence of a strong regulatory framework, the manufacturers were under no obligation to proactively initiate product recalls. The introduction of a voluntary code on product recalls by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) in 2012 and introduction/amendments in the existing legal regimen of the country in recent years have led companies to take more than just baby steps towards product recalls. Product recalls are a case of management failure. There is a need for gauging the impact of this failure on the stock price of the manufacturers, especially in the Indian context where the recall phenomenon is poised to gain further momentum. The event study methodology is a widely used approach to assess the impact of a particular event/announcement on the stock price. This methodology was used in the present study to gauge whether abnormal stock returns accrued to the manufacturers during 13 product recall announcements made in the Indian automobile sector between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015. The study found that product recall announcements generated small and statistically insignificant cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) of –0.02 per cent in the (–1, +1) event window, 0.92 per cent in the (–2, +2) event window and 1.70 per cent in the (–5, +5) event window. The study found no substantial or statistically significant difference in the CAR generated during big recalls and small recalls. Furthermore, the study found little evidence that CAR generated during recalls where defective component(s) in the vehicle were repaired is positive as compared to CAR generated when such component(s) were replaced.
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Van Waes, Luuk, and Carel van Wijk. "The influence of politeness on the perception of product recall notices." Pragmatics of Crisis 2, no. 3 (November 2, 2001): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dd.2.3.07van.
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When companies decide — or are forced — to publish a product recall notice, their aim is to give consumers clear information on how to handle the problem and to warn them of a possible danger. On the other hand companies try to preserve their corporate image in order to guarantee a (commercial) relation in the future. This article deals with the question whether politeness strategies lead to differences in the appreciation, acceptance and perception of product recall notices. In two experimental studies we evaluated the effect of positive and negative politeness strategies in different conditions. The results show that the use of elaborated negative politeness strategies positively influences the appreciation and acceptance of the message, and has a positive effect on the perception of the corporate image. However in a context where the product recall warns of a severe risk, writers of product recalls should use politeness strategies more cautiously. In this context the use of politeness strategies even seems to have a negative effect on the acceptability of the recall message.
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Maharana, Adyasha, Kunlin Cai, Joseph Hellerstein, Yulin Hswen, Michael Munsell, Valentina Staneva, Miki Verma, Cynthia Vint, Derry Wijaya, and Elaine O. Nsoesie. "Detecting reports of unsafe foods in consumer product reviews." JAMIA Open 2, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz030.
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Abstract Objectives Access to safe and nutritious food is essential for good health. However, food can become unsafe due to contamination with pathogens, chemicals or toxins, or mislabeling of allergens. Illness resulting from the consumption of unsafe foods is a global health problem. Here, we develop a machine learning approach for detecting reports of unsafe food products in consumer product reviews from Amazon.com. Materials and Methods We linked Amazon.com food product reviews to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food recalls from 2012 to 2014 using text matching approaches in a PostGres relational database. We applied machine learning methods and over- and under-sampling methods to the linked data to automate the detection of reports of unsafe food products. Results Our data consisted of 1 297 156 product reviews from Amazon.com. Only 5149 (0.4%) were linked to recalled food products. Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformations performed best in identifying unsafe food reviews, achieving an F1 score, precision and recall of 0.74, 0.78, and 0.71, respectively. We also identified synonyms for terms associated with FDA recalls in more than 20 000 reviews, most of which were associated with nonrecalled products. This might suggest that many more products should have been recalled or investigated. Discussion and Conclusion Challenges to improving food safety include, urbanization which has led to a longer food chain, underreporting of illness and difficulty in linking contaminated food to illness. Our approach can improve food safety by enabling early identification of unsafe foods which can lead to timely recall thereby limiting the health and economic impact on the public.
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Majid, Kashef A., and Hari Bapuji. "Institutional differences and integration difficulties." International Marketing Review 35, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 850–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-02-2016-0050.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how the location of a firm’s headquarters and component sourcing impact a firm’s responsiveness in a product-harm crisis in local market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data on 1,251 vehicle recalls from 12 manufacturers, six in the USA, three in Germany, and three in Japan. All of the recalls occurred in the USA between 2002 and 2010. The time the product was first released into the marketplace was used as the starting point while the time the recall was initiated (if at all) was used to record the probability of the product recall over time. Specifically, a survival analysis with an accelerated failure time model was employed to examine the speed with which a product is recalled. The authors examined the impact of foreign composition using information provided by the American Automobile Labeling Act, which lists the proportion of each vehicle that is composed of domestic parts (USA/Canada) and foreign parts. Organizational characteristics (i.e. size, market share, assets, net income, and reputation) and recall size (i.e. number of affected vehicles) that might have an effect on time to recall were controlled for.FindingsThe authors found that firms headquartered outside the local market would take longer to issue a product recall than firms that were headquartered in the local market. Firm headquartered outside the local market can reduce the time taken to recall by sourcing parts from the local marketplace, rather than from abroad. Interestingly, even local firms are affected by the location of component sourcing, such that they take longer to issue a recall if they sourced parts from abroad.Originality/valueResearch in international marketing has examined the benefits of integration to firms, but has not studied the risks of integration. By highlighting the challenges of managing institutional differences and integration difficulties, the authors show that location of headquarters and the location from where components are sourced have an effect on firm responsiveness in product-harm crises. Further, the authors build on the global supply chain management literature that has shown the effect of upstream activities (i.e. foreign production) on downstream activities (i.e. product quality). Specifically, the authors show that upstream activities can not only affect product quality, but also the ability of firms to respond to those product qualities in a timely fashion.
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Dong, Binwei, Wansheng Tang, and Chi Zhou. "Strategic sourcing under recall loss sharing and product quality investment." RAIRO - Operations Research 54, no. 4 (June 12, 2020): 1133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2019053.
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Product recall has been a widespread practical operation risk in the production outsourcing. To remit even avoid product recall risk, this paper considers a two-echelon supply chain where the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) orders a critical component from one or two contract manufacturers (CMs) and uses it to produce finished product with potential quality defect. The CMs can decide investment level to reduce defect possibility and share recall loss with the OEM once product recall is implemented. When the recall loss sharing rate is fixed, the OEM may adopt the single sourcing strategy or the dual sourcing strategy which depends on the recall loss sharing rate. Moreover, if the sharing rate is relatively small, the single sourcing strategy is an optimal choice for the OEM. However, when the recall loss sharing rate is determined by the OEM, she prefers to adopt the dual sourcing strategy. Meanwhile, an increase of the recall loss sharing rate may not force the CM to improve product quality. By the numerical analysis, if the marginal recall loss is large or the wholesale price is relatively small, the OEM and the CMs can reach a win-win scenario. Finally, we examine an extension in which the CMs have pricing ability on wholesale price, and the result shows that the OEM can not obtain a cost-reduction benefit under the dual sourcing strategy.
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Gerritsen, Marinel, Frank van Meurs, and Wendy Diepstraten. "Consumers iews on text characteristics of product recall notices." Pragmatics of Crisis 2, no. 3 (November 2, 2001): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dd.2.3.06ger.
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Consumers who have suffered as a result of a product defect can claim compensation from the producer. By placing a product recall notice, producers can reduce their liability. Ideally, such a notice should protect the image of the company as well as warn consumers. The problem is that a clear warning may damage the image of the company that placed the notice. This study reports on experiments carried out among 128 female shoppers to gain insight into how a recall notice should be worded in order to protect the company’s image and, yet to be clear. Split-run tests were carried out to determine whether Minimisation (minimising the danger of the defect) and Bolstering (stressing the company’s good traits) contributed positively to the image of the company and whether inclusion of pictures, a list format, a reader-oriented approach, Minimisation, and Bolstering contrib- uted positively to the clarity of the notice. Likert scales were used to determine which heading drew most attention and through which channels consumers prefered to be informed about a product recall. According to our respondents, a recall notice including Minimisation strategies protects the company’s image more than one without such strategies. A recall notice is consid- ered clearer when it includes a picture, when it contains elements to highlight the structure of the information, and when it does not include Bolstering. According to our respondents, the most attention-grabbing heading is ‘Waarschuwing’ warning), and they prefer to be informed about product recalls through newspapers and television.
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Sharma, Ashwini, Dixit Garg, and Ashish Agarwal. "Product recall: supply chain quality issue?" International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise 2, no. 4 (2014): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijie.2014.069059.
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Berman, Barry. "Planning for the inevitable product recall." Business Horizons 42, no. 2 (March 1999): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-6813(99)80011-1.
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Vuk, T. "Management of complaints and product recall." ISBT Science Series 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12004.
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Jacobs, Richard M. "Product recall—A vendor/vendee nightmare." Microelectronics Reliability 36, no. 1 (January 1996): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(95)00001-i.
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Liu, Siyu, Dalia El Khoury, and Iris J. Joye. "Gluten-Free Product Recalls and Their Impact on Consumer Trust." Nutrients 15, no. 19 (September 27, 2023): 4170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15194170.
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The range of gluten-free food products available to consumers is steadily expanding. In recent years, recalls of food products have highlighted the importance of accurate labeling of food products for the presence of wheat, other gluten-containing cereals, or gluten itself as refined ingredient. The purpose of this study was to gain more insights into recent food recalls related to undeclared gluten/wheat contamination and consumer experiences with these recalls. Recalls of products triggered by gluten contamination are relatively scarce and are not often triggered by a consumer complaint. The impact of these recalls on consumer trust was evaluated through an online survey that was distributed among supporters of Celiac Canada (CCA) and covered (i) strategies to adhere to a gluten-free diet, (ii) experiences with gluten-free recalls and their impact on consumer trust, and (iii) demographic information. Consumer concern regarding gluten-free product recalls is significant, but the concern regarding recalls is not heightened after experiencing a recall. Companies pursuing transparency in the process, identification of the source of contamination, and mitigation strategies going forward are likely to retain consumer trust in their product and brand. Based on the survey results, further efforts focusing on consumer education regarding interpreting nutrient labels, identifying sources of information on product recalls, and understanding procedures to follow upon suspected gluten contamination of a gluten-free product are recommended.
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Varshney, Nikita, Vijay Bhalla, and Manish Gupta. "Drug Recalls: Trend analysis of Recalls by Indian Pharmaceutical Industry during the period 2013-2023." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v12i1.645.
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With the advanced technologies, increasing complexities of the manufacturing processes, more stringent inspections, and dynamic regulatory environment under which manufacturers work, there are high possibilities that a pharmaceutical firm will undergo a recall of one of its products. A recall can impact a company in product exposure, sales, manufacturing costs, and patients trust. The study presented here explored the drug recalls made by Indian Pharmaceutical Industry during the period of 2013 – 2023. There is an increasing trend in number of recalls post 2017 which could be due to the new regulations and, scientific discoveries. The major reasons for recalls primarily included cGMP deviations, failure to comply with approved specification, labeling mix ups. The study enlists the expectations of US FDA from Indian Pharmaceutical sector. This will help Indian pharmaceutical manufacturers to adopt the strategies to minimize drug recalls.
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Nassar, Shereen, Tarek Kandil, Merve Er Kara, and Abhijeet Ghadge. "Automotive recall risk: impact of buyer‒supplier relationship on supply chain social sustainability." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-01-2019-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the automotive product recall risk in terms of social sustainability performance and to evaluate the role of buyer‒supplier relationships in improving social sustainability during product recall crises. Design/methodology/approach A multi-methodology approach is used to empirically analyse the interrelationship between the proposed constructs and enablers of the buyer‒supplier relationship. Structural equation modelling and interpretive structural modelling are followed to analyse the data gathered thorough a questionnaire survey of 204 executives and interviews with 15 managers from the automotive industry. Findings The results of the study provide evidence regarding the impact of the responsible buyer‒supplier relationship on customer recall concerns and the social sustainability performance of supply chains (SCs). This study also leads to the development of a conceptual model, providing a relationship between the three key concepts used in this study. Research limitations/implications Following social sustainability principles, this study addresses the importance of developing strong, responsible relational ties with suppliers to reduce vehicle recalls or successfully recover from a product recall crisis. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by providing theoretical and empirical insights for developing socially responsible SCs and confirming the role of the buyer‒supplier governance mechanism during product recalls in the context of the automotive industry.
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Muralidharan, Etayankara, Hari Bapuji, and André Laplume. "Influence of institutional profiles on time to recall." Management Research Review 38, no. 6 (June 15, 2015): 605–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-12-2013-0293.
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Purpose – This paper aims to understand why firms expedite or delay product recall decisions involving international sourcing. Design/methodology/approach – This paper combines US toy recall data from the Consumer Products Safety Commission database for the period from 1988to 2011 with World Economic Forum data on institutional environments to predict the effect the host country conditions have on recall timing decisions. Findings – Firms tend to expedite decisions to recall defective products sourced from countries where the informal institutional profile is perceived to be unfavorable for quality manufacture. Research limitations/implications – The reported research is empirical in nature and uses pooled cross-country, single-industry data. Practical implications – Managers should be careful not to allow their biases to affect their product recall timing decisions. Originality/value – Whereas previous research has examined recall timing decisions, this study is the first to consider the institutional environment where products are sourced from as an explanatory variable.
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Hyman, William A. "Device Recalls and the Recalling Company's Website." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 45, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-45.5.412.
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Abstract An ongoing issue with respect to medical device recalls is getting the information to the right people in a timely manner so that appropriate action can be taken. For Class I recalls, this is often addressed by one or more means of professional and public communications, including after-the-fact posting of such recalls by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). One resource that could be included in a recall strategy is the recalling company's own website where the information could be readily available in close association with other information on the product, and where it would be readily found by someone making a product specific inquiry. However an investigation of 13 Class I recalls from the 4th quarter of 2010 shows that only four of these included a web presence, and even among these, the recall information was not necessarily easily found, nor closely linked, to other product information.
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VENUGOPAL, RAJESH, LINDA TOLLEFSON, FREDERICK N. HYMAN, BAB TIMBO, RONALD E. JOYCE, and KARL C. KLONTZ. "Recalls of Foods and Cosmetics by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.8.876.
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Recalls of foods and cosmetics from the marketplace are an expeditious and effective method of removing violative products, particularly those that present a danger to health. Recalls are undertaken through a cooperative effort by industry and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Foods and cosmetics recalled from the period 1 October 1991 through 30 September 1992 were reviewed to determine the kinds of products recalled and the reasons for recall. A total of 230 recalls, involving 569 foods and cosmetics, occurred during the study period. Twenty-eight percent of the recalls were designated class I, defined as a situation in which there is a reasonable probability that the use of, or exposure to, a violative product will cause serious adverse health consequences. The problems for which foods or cosmetics were most often recalled were misbranding and microbial contamination (37% and 25% of recalls, respectively). A recognized illness or injury was reported to have occurred in association with 32 food products and one cosmetic. This study indicates that recalls of foods and cosmetics are common and that various groups, including industry, consumers, state regulatory agencies, and the FDA, recognize problems leading to recall.
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Georg, Corinna. "Smart Products Could Essentially Modify the Traditional Product Recall [IP Corner]." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 8, no. 1 (January 2019): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2018.2835939.
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Silverman, Wendy K., James jaccard, and Annetta E. Burke. "Children's attitudes toward products and recall of product information over time." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 45, no. 3 (June 1988): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(88)90037-9.
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